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Current Status of Dam Projects on the Salween River

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Current Status of Dam Projects on the Salween River รายงานสถานการณ Currentเขื่อนสาละว Status of Dam Projectsินในพม on the Salweenา River เครือขายสาละวินวอชต l Salween Watch Coalition l มีนาคม 2559 l March 2016 :: เครือขายสาละวินวอชต :: :: Salween Watch Coalition :: แผนสรางเขื่อนบนแมนํ้าสาละวินในจีน-พมา และชายแดนไทย-พมา PROPOSED DAMS IN THE SALWEEN BASIN ·Ò§μ͹º¹ã¹·Ôàºμ ÁÕá¼¹ÊÌҧà¢×è͹ ««Í§¶Í§¶‹Ò‹ SSongtaongta º¹áÁ‹¹éíÒÊÒÅÐÇÔ¹ÍÕ¡Í‹ҧ¹ŒÍ 15 à¢×è͹ »§§¨§Å¨§ÅÑèÇ At least 15 more dams BBingzhongluoingzhongluo upstream are planned or ËËÁÁ‹ÒÒ¨¨Õé MMajiaji under construction. ÅÙ‹ËËÁÁ‹ÒÒààμÔ§ ¿Ù¡Œ§ FFugongugong LLumadengumadeng »‚àਨÕ§§ BBijiangijiang ËËÅÅÙàÙà©©‹Â‹ ÂÂÒ»Ò»‚›Å‚› ÑèÇÑè YYabiluoabiluo LLushuiushui ÅÔèÇǤ¤Ù‹ LLiukuiuku คุนนหมหมิงิ จีน ää««‹àà¡¡ŽÍŽ ©×ÍÍââμ‹ä䨨Œ • KKunmingunming CHINA SSaigeaige SShitouzhaihitouzhai ààËÂËÂÔ¹¹«Ò§ª«Ò§ªÙ‹ ¡¡ÇÒ§â¾Çҧ⾠YYangsangcunangsangcun GGuangpouangpo ¡ØŽ¹¹âËŧâËŧ KKunun LLongong Ë˹ͧ¼Ò¹Í§¼Ò NNongong PPaa มัณณฑะเลยฑะเลย • MMandalayandalay ààÁÁ×Íͧâ§âμŽ¹ ((ÁÒÂÁÒÂ짧/·/·‹Ò‹Ò«Ò§)«Ò§) พม่า MMongong TTonon BURMA ((MaiMai TTong/Tasang)ong/Tasang) เเนปนปดดอวอว • NNaypitawaypitaw ÂÂÇÒÇÒμÔê´ แแมมฮอองสอนงสอน ลาว Í‹ÒÇວ¡ÍÅ YYwathitwathit • MMaeae HHongong SSonon • เเชชียียงใหมงใหม LAOS BAY OF BENGAL ààÇNj‹¨¨ÕÕ ´´Ò-¡ÇÒ-¡ÇÔ¹Ô CChianghiang MaiMai เเววียยงจงจัันทนนทน WWeigyieigyi DDagwinagwin • VVientianeientiane ÎÑμ¨Õ เเมาะลมาะลําําเลเลิงิ / มมะละแหมะละแหมง HHatgyiatgyi MMawlamyineawlamyine / MMawlamyaingawlamyaing • à¤Ã×Í¢‹ÒÂÊÒÅÐÇÔ¹Çͪμ, ÁÕ¹Ò¤Á 2559 ไทย Salween Watch Coalition, March 2016 THAILAND แมน้ําสาละวิน สายน้ําที่สวนใหญของลําน้ํายังคงไหล Much of the mighty Salween River continues to fl ow อยางอิสระจากตนกําเนิดที่เทือกเขาหิมาลัยสูทิเบต และ freely. Beginning in the Tibetan Himalayan Mountain Range, the river meanders through China’s Yunnan มณฑลยนนานของจู นี สาละวนไหลขนานกิ บแมั น าโขงและ้ํ Province where it runs parallel to the Mekong and แมน าแยงซํ้ เกี ยงี ในบรเวณิ “สามแมน าไหลเคํ้ ยงี ” ซงย่ึ เนสโกู Yangtze Rivers, forming the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas, a UNESCO World Heritage ประกาศใหเปนมรดกโลกทางธรรมชาติ จากนั้นสาละวิน site. It then fl ows across the Burma (Myanmar) border ไหลขามพรมแดนเขาสูทางตอนเหนือของรัฐฉาน พมา into Shan State, and on into Kayah (Karenni) State, ผานใจกลางของรัฐฉานลงสูรัฐคะยาหรือคะเรนนี ไหลเปน forming the border between Burma, in Karen State, and Thailand, in the Mae Sariang and Sob Moei Districts of เสนพรมแดนระหวางรัฐกะเหรี่ยงและอําเภอแมสะเรียง Mae Hong Son, before fl owing into Mon State and อาเภอสบเมยํ จงหวั ดแมั ฮ องสอน จากนนไหลกลั้ บเขั าพม า emptying into the sea at Moulmein. The entire length of ลงสูรัฐมอญ และไหลออกทะเลที่เมืองเมาะลําไยหรือ the river is 2,800 kilometers. มะละแหมง รัฐมอญ รวมความยาวทั้งสิ้น 2,800 กิโลเมตร The Salween River is home to a large number of diverse ethnic groups and is a rich hub of natural สาละวิน คือสายน้ําอันเปนบานของชาติพันธุตางๆ resources. It is a highly complex ecosystem, teeming with life. Unlike other major rivers around the world, the มากมาย และยังเปนแหลงทรัพยากรธรรมชาติที่สําคัญ Salween remains largely untouched by man-made มีระบบนิเวศที่สลับซับซอนที่ยังถูกมนุษยรบกวนนอย developments. หากเทียบกับแมน้ําหลักสายอื่นๆ :: รายงานสถานการณเขื่อนสาละวินในพมา :: :: Current Status of Dam Projects on the Salween River :: หลายทศวรรษทผี่ านมาม ความพยายามที จะสรี่ างเข อนื่ In the past several decades however eff orts have เพอผลื่ ตไฟฟิ าบนแม น าสาละว้ํ นตลอดลิ มนุ า้ํ แตในพม าน นั้ been made to develop hydropower projects along the entire length of the Salween River in Burma. The กลับมีการคัดคานมาโดยตลอดเนื่องจากการสูรบระหวาง proposed projects have faced strong opposition as กองกําลังชาติพันธุกับกองทัพพมา และผลกระทบตอสิทธิ result of their expected impacts on human rights and the environment, as well as on-going armed confl ict มนุษยชน between Burmese security forces and ethnic groups ตนเดือนมีนาคม 2559 หนังสือพิมพเมียนมารไทมส along the River. ลงขาวว า รฐมนตรั วี าการกระทรวงพล งงานั ในรฐบาลทหารั The Myanmar Times reported that in early March 2016, the Minister of Energy from the Thai military regime ของไทย ไดเย อนพมื าและหาร อกื บรั ฐบาลพมั าในการสร าง visited the country to talk with the Government of Burma ความรวมม อดื านพล งงานและพั ฒนาโครงการเขั อนเม่ื องโตื น about cooperation on energy production and the development of the Mong Ton Dam in Shan State. The ในรัฐฉาน ซึ่งจะมีกําลังผลิตเปนสิบเทาของเขื่อนภูมิพล vast dam project will have ten times the capacity of รายงานชิ้นนี้รวบรวมสถานการณลาสุดของโครงการ Bhumipol Dam in Thailand. พฒนาบนแมั น าสาละวํ้ นในพมิ าเท าท ข่ี อม ลสามารถสู บคื นได The following report provides the latest updates of the hydropower projects proposed for development on ดังนี้ the Salween River and its tributaries: ตารางสรุปขอมูลเขื่อนบนแมนํ้าสาละวินในพมาและพรมแดนไทย-พมา Dam projects on the Salween River in Burma and along the Thailand-Burma border กําลังผลิตติดตั้ง ชื่อโครงการ (เมกะวัตต) ผูลงทุน สถานะของโครงการ Installed capacity Project (megawatt) Investor Project status 1. เขื่อนฮัตจี 1,360 MW กฟผ.อินเตอรเนชั่นแนล, กระทรวงพลังงานไฟฟา EIA แลวเสร็จ การศึกษา Hat Gyi Dam Project (พมา), Sinohydro (จีน), International Group of ผลกระทบเพิ่มเติมแลวเสร็จ Entrepreneurs Co. (พมา) (ตามคําสั่งสํานักนายก รัฐมนตรี) EGAT International Co., Ministry of Electric Power (Burma), Sinohydro, International Group An additional of Entrepreneurs Co., EGATi Environmental Impact Assessment has been completed (at the order of the Thai Office of the Prime Minister) 2. เขื่อนสาละวินชายแดน 729 MW กฟผ. ศึกษาความเปนไปได ไทย-พมา (เขื่อนดา-กวิน) EGAT Feasibility Study Thailand-Burma Border Dam (Dagwin) 3. เขื่อนสาละวินชายแดน 4,540 MW กฟผ. ศึกษาความเปนไปได ไทย-พมา (เขื่อนเวยจี) EGAT Feasibility Study Thailand-Burma Border Dam (Wei Gyi) 4. เขื่อนยวาติ๊ด 4,500 MW China Datang Corporation, MoU เพื่อศึกษาโครงการ Ywathit Dam United Hydropower Developing Co., MoU signed in 2010 Shwe Taung Hydropower Co. Ltd. :: เครือขายสาละวินวอชต :: :: Salween Watch Coalition :: กําลังผลิตติดตั้ง ชื่อโครงการ (เมกะวัตต) ผูลงทุน สถานะของโครงการ Installed capacity Project (megawatt) Investor Project status 5. เขื่อนเมืองโตน (มายตง) 7,110 MW China Three Gorges, Sinohydro, China Southern ทําการศึกษาผลกระทบ เดิมเรียกเขื่อนทาซาง Power GriD, International Group of Entrepreneurs, สิ่งแวดลอม EHIA โดย Mong Ton Dam กฟผ.อินเตอรเนชั่นแนล บริษัทที่ปรึกษาออสเตรเลีย (Mai Tong), formerly Snowy Mountain China Three Gorges, Sinohydro, China Engineering Corporation known as Tasang Dam Southern Powergrid, International Group of Entrepreneurs, EGATi EHIA conducted by Snowy Mountain Engineering Corporation 6. เขื่อนหนองผา 1,200 MW Hydrochina, IGE, กระทรวงพลังงานไฟฟา (พมา) MoU เพื่อพัฒนาโครงการ Nongpha Dam Hydrochina, IGE, Ministry of Electricity Power MoU in 2010 7. เขื่อนกุนโหลง 1,400 MW กระทรวงพลังงานไฟฟา (พมา), Hanergy Holdimng การศึกษาความเปนไปได Kunlong Dam Group, Asia World (Gold water Resources) เบื้องตน โดย Hydro China Ministry of Electric Power (Burma), Hanergy Holding Group, Asia World (Gold Water Preliminary feasibility Resources), Ministry of Electric Power (Burma) study by Hydro China 1. โครงการเขื่อนฮัตจี 1. Hat Gyi Dam Project ตงอยั้ ระยะทางจากชายแดนไทยประมาณู 47 กโลเมตริ The Hat Gyi Dam would be situated about 47 kilometers downstream from the Thai border along the ตามลําน้ําสาละวิน จากบานสบเมย อําเภอสบเมย จังหวัด Salween River in Ban Sob Moei, Sob Moei District, Mae แมฮ องสอน มลคู าก อสร างโครงการประมาณ 1 แสนลานบาท Hong Son. The 1,360 megawatt project will cost around 3 billion USD. The Electricity Generating Authority of การไฟฟาฝายผลิตแหงประเทศไทย (กฟผ.) ไดวาจาง Thailand (EGAT) has commissioned the Chula Unisearch, ใหศูนยบริการวิชาการแหงจุฬาลงกรณมหาวิทยาลัย at Chulalongkorn University to conduct an additional Environmental Impact Assessment of the Hat Gyi จัดทําการศึกษาผลกระทบสิ่งแวดลอมเพิ่มเติม โครงการ hydropower project, due to a suggestion made by the ไฟฟาพล งนั าฮ้ํ ตจั ี ชายแดนไทย-พมา โดยไดจ ดประชั มเพุ อื่ Thai Prime Minister’s Offi ce in 2010. A meeting was held on December 18, 2015 to present the fi ndings of นําเสนอรายงานที่อําเภอแมสะเรียง จังหวัดแมฮองสอน the report in Mae Sariang District, Mae Hong Son. ในวนทั ่ี 18 ธนวาคมั 2558 อยางไรก ตาม็ เนอหาของรายงาน้ื However the full version of the report has not been โดยละเอียดยังไมไดมีการเปดเผยตอสาธารณะและชุมชน disclosed to public. Aff ected communities are particularly concerned about the project’s transboundary impacts, ทจะได่ี ร บผลกระทบโดยตรงั โดยเฉพาะผลกระทบขามพรมแดน including impacts on the river’s ecosystem, hydrology และผลกระทบตอระบบนิเวศ การไหลของน้ํา การอพยพ and critical fi sh migration. ของปลา There is concern that the study by Chulalongkorn University was done in haste and is an attempt by EGAT กอนหน าน ไดี้ ม ขี อส งเกตวั าการศ กษาดึ งกลั าวของศ นยู to minimize the number of aff ected people, on paper, บรการวิ ชาการแหิ งจ ฬาลงกรณุ มหาว ทยาลิ ยั เปนการศ กษาึ as much as possible. The report indicates that the Hat Gyi Dam Project will only aff ect a handful of families in ทรวบรี่ ดั และพยายามทาใหํ จ านวนผํ ไดู ร บผลกระทบเหลั อื three villages located by the Salween River including นอยท ส่ี ดุ โดยเอกสารประกอบการประชมในเดุ อนธื นวาคมั Ban Sob Moei and Ban Mae Sam Laeb, in Sob Moei 2556 ระบุวาโครงการเขื่อนฮัตจีมีครัวเรือนที่มีโอกาสไดรับ District and Ban Tha Ta Fang, in Mae Sariang District. ผลกระทบจากการสรางเข อนระดื่ บเสั ยงสี่ งเพู ยงี 1 ครวเรั อนื The dam is located in Karen State; an area that has seen many years of armed confl ict. According to EGAT’s และเสยงปานกลางเพ่ี ยงี 33 ครวเรั อนื ในหมบู านร มแมิ น าํ้ study report, in Karen State, there would only be 13 :: รายงานสถานการณเขื่อนสาละวินในพมา :: :: Current Status of Dam Projects on the Salween
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