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FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE LA NATURE ET DE LA VIE DEPARTEMENT DE BIOLOGIE THÈSE Présentée par Mme DAHANE Née ROUISSAT Lineda En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT EN SCIENCES BIOLOGIQUES Spécialité : Biochimie végétale appliquée. Thème : Etude des effets nématicides et molluscicides des extraits de quelques plantes sahariennes. Soutenue le : 21 Décembre 2017 Devant le jury composé de : Mr HADJADJ- AOUL Seghir, Prof. Université Oran1 ABB Président Mr BELKHODJA Moulay, Prof. UniversitéOran1, ABB Examinateur Mme BENNACEUR Malika, Prof. Université Oran1, ABB Examinatrice Mr MEKHALDI Abdelkader Prof. Université de Mostaganem, Examinateur Mr. Marouf Abderrazak. Prof. Centre. Univ. Naama Directeur de thèse Mr. Cheriti Abdelkrim Prof. Université de Béchar. Co-directeur de thèse 2016-2017 RESUME Dans le présent travail, les parties aériennes de vingt et une plantes sahariennes (21) des différentes familles botaniques (Asteraceae ; Amaranthaceae ; Rhamnaceae ; Brassicaceae ; Plumbaginaceae ; Capparidaceae ; Caryophyllaceae ; Fabaceae ; Apocynaceae ; Solanaceae ; Verbenaceae et Euphorbiacaeae) ont été utilisées pour évaluer leurs extraits aqueux (par macération ou à reflux) et les extraits organiques (acétoniques et méthanoliques avec ces fractions : hexanique, éthérique, dichlorométanolique, chloroformique, butanoliques…) pour l’activité nématicide (vis-à-vis nématodes phytoparasites à kyste : Globodera sp. et Heterodera sp. et molluscicide (vis-à-vis aux mollusques d’eau douce transporteurs des parasites : Lymnaea acumunata et Bulinus truncatus ). Les résultats sont exprimées en LC50 (taux de mortalité est égale à 50% de la population testée) par l’analyse des probits. Après l’extraction et le criblage phytochimique des extraits, l’évaluation a été réalisée sous des conditions expérimentales convenables aux cycles de vie de chaque spécimen zoologique (Température 24°C avec l’humidité et l’aération). Nos résultats ont montré des valeurs en LC50 intéressantes au regard des durées d’exposition (de 24 h à 96 h) au dessous des valeurs en LC50 des témoins positifs (produits nématicide et molluscicide commercialisés). Les taux des rendements les plus importants sont aperçus aux macérats de Warionea saharae (40.61 %) et Moricandia arvensis (L.)DC. (34.49 %), tandis que pour les fractions organiques, la valeur maximale en taux de rendement est de 4%, a été enregistrée pour la fraction dichlorométhanique d’Asteriscus graveolens (Forsk.)Less subsp. graveolens. Le criblage phytochimique a mis en évidence la présence de saponosides, flavonides et tannins, chez toutes les plantes étudiées. Les résultats de l’activité nématicide des extraits aqueux des plantes d’étude ont montrés une très forte activité vis-à-vis Globodera sp. avec les décoctés des plantes : Haloxylon articulatum après 72h , LC50 = 16,354 mg/ml et le macérat de la même plante a divulgué une activité importante avec LC50 : 10,379 µg/ml mais après 96h d’exposition des kystes. En revanche pour les extraits organiques, les valeurs sont très inférieurs au témoin positif, autant que la fraction dichlorométhane de Lantana camara (LC50 :0,098 μg/mL) présente la valeur minimale après 96h d’exposition. Autrement, après 24h d’exposition aux fractions, la valeur minimale en LC50 : 0,166 μg/mL a été signalée pour la fraction d’acétate d’éthyle d’Euphorbia retusa. Tandis que pour Heterodera sp. , les fractions organiques les plus actives sont acétate d’éthyle d’ Anvillea garcini subsp. radiata (Coss. & Dur.) LC50=0.96 µg/ml après 48 heures. Les résultats obtenus de l’activité molluscicide montrent la richesse des extraits en métabolites responsables de la mortalité des mollusques d’eau douce (Bulinus et Lymnaea), le contrôle positif (LIMACIDE PRO) a révélé une valeur en LC50=36,148 mg/ml, alors qu’il existe des valeurs en LC50 très inférieurs pour le macérat de Launaea nudicaulis (L) Hook f. après seulement 24 heures d’exposition (LC50=8,178 mg/ml), ce qui signifie une très bonne activité molluscicide de cet extrait. L’activité nématicide des extraits aqueux a révélé un fort effet ovicide et larvicide de quelques plantes testés durant une période d’exposition (de 24h à 96 heures) in vitro, ces dernières ont été confirmées In vivo, avec quelques extraits aqueux les plus active vis-à-vis aux kystes d’Heterodera pour les cultures de blé. Mots clés : Plantes sahariennes, Macération, Reflux, Phytochimie, Nématicide, Molluscicide, Bulinus , Lymnaea, Globodera , Heterodera. المــــلــــــخــــص من خﻻل هذا العمل، قمنا باستخدام اﻷجزاء الهوائية لواحد و عشرين نبتة صحراوية )21(، من عائﻻت نباتية مختلفة )استراسيا، سرمقية، بذنجانية، لويزية، كباريدية، بﻻمباجينية، قرنفلية، بقولية، أسكلوبياداسية ( و ذلك من أجل تـــقــييــم المستخلصات المائية )عن طريق النقع أو الجزر( باﻹضافة إلى استعمال المستخلصات العضوية )اﻷستون، الميثانول، و أجزاؤها: الهكسان، اﻷثيري، ثنائي كلورو ميثان، الكلوروفورم، البيتانول( لنشاط مضاد الديدان الطفيلية الكيسية )النيماتسيد( Globoderaو Heterodera و مضاد للرخويات )ناقﻻت الطفيليات الموجودة في المياه العذبة: Lymnaea acuminataو Bulinus truncatus(. و قد تم التعبير عن النتائج LC50 )معدل وفيات 50% من العينات المختبرة(، من خﻻل تحليل اﻻحتمالية. بعد اﻻستخﻻص و الفحص الكيميائي للمستخلصات النباتية، أجرينا تقييما لنشاطها في ظل الظروف التجريبية المﻻئمة لدورة حياة كل عينة من الحيوانات المدروسة )درجة الحرارة المﻻئمة 24 °م و الرطوبة و التهوية(. و قد أظهرت النتائج قــيــما LC50 مهمة بعد استعمال المستخلصات لمدة 24 ساعة إلى 96 ساعة ، حيث أن هذه القيم أقل من قيمة LC50 للشواهد اﻻيجابية )المنتجات المسوقة موليسيسيدات و النيماتيسيدات(. سجل أعلى معدل للعوائد لمنقوع Warionea saharea)40.61%( و (Moricandia arvensis (34.49% ، بينما سجل أعلى معدل لعوائد المستخلصات العضوية لجزء ثـــنائي كلـــوروميثان لنبتــة Bubonium graveolens بقيمة 4% ، كما أظهر الفحص الكيميائي الـــــــنباتي وجـــــود الصابونين، الفﻻفونويدات و العفص عند أغلبية النباتات المدروسة. كما أظهرت نتائج جيدة للـــنشـــاط المضاد للديدان لمستخلصات المائية للنباتات المدروسة )بنسب كبيرة جدا ( ضــــــد Globoderaباستعمال منقوع النبتة Haloxylon articulatum بعد 72 ساعة كـــــانـــت قــــيمـــــتها LC50 =16.354mg/ml باﻹضافة إلى أصغر قيمة سجلت لنفس النبتة ولكن بــطريقـة الجزر ، سجلت LC50=10.379 mg/ml بعد 96 ساعة من التعرض للمستخلص ، خﻻفا لذلك سجلت أدنى قيمة LC50=0.098mg/ml و هو الحد اﻷدنى اﻷقل لنبتة Lantana camaraمن خﻻل مستخلص عضوي ثنائي الكلوروميثان . من ناحية أخرى، و بعد 24 ساعة من التـــــعـرض للمستخلصات العضوية، سجلت قيمة LC50=0.0166µg/ml لجزء اﻷسيتات اﻻثيل لـــنـــبتــة Euphorbia retusa المضاد ل Globodera. بينما ل Heterodera، فان جزء اﻷسيتات اﻻثيل المؤثر لنبتة LC50=0.96µg/ml ( Anvillea radiata( قــــضـى عليها بعد 48 ساعة . أظهرت النتائج المتحصل عليها لنشاط المضاد للرخويات )Molluscicide( ثرائـــه بالمستخلصات اﻷيضية المسؤولة عن وفيات رخويات المياه العذبة ) Bulinusو Lymnaea( حيث كشفت العينة اﻻيجابية )LIMACIDE PRO( المسؤولة عن وفيات قواقع المياه العذبة ) Bulinusو Lymnaea( على قيمة LC50=36.148mg/ml ، بينما توجد قيمة أقل منها بكثير لمنقوع نبتة LC50=8.178 mg/ml( Launaea nudicaulis(، و هذا يدل على النشاط الجيد لهذا المستخلص . أظهر النشاط المضاد للديدان الطفيلية الكيسية )nématicide( للمستخلصات المائية نشاطا مثبطا للبيوض و اليرقات، اختبرناها خﻻل فترة التعرض 24 ساعة إلى 96 ساعة في المختبر . و تأكدت هذه النتائـــج بمكان نـــموها الطبيعي بإضافة بعض المستخلصات المائية اﻷكثر نشاطا بالنسبة ل Heterodera في مزارع تجريبىة للقمح. الكلمات المفتاحية : النباتات الصحراوية، النقاعة، الجزر، النشاط المضاد للديدان الطفيلية الكــــيسية ،Bulinus ، Lymnaea، Globodera )النـــــيماتيسيد(، مضاد للرخويات )الموليسيسيد(، Heterodera Abstract In this work, We yoused aerial parts of twenty-one Saharan plants (21) from the different botanical families (Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae , Rhamnaceae, Brassicaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Capparidaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, Solanaceae, Verbenaceae and Euphorbiacaeae) To evaluate their aqueous extracts (by maceration or at reflux) and the organic extracts (acetonic and methanolic with these fractions: hexanic, etheric, dichlorometanolic, chloroformic, butanolic, etc.) for nematicidal activity (against nematodes phytoparasites with cyst: Globodera sp., and Heterodera spp.), and molluscicidal activity (opposite to freshwater molluscs carrying parasites: Lymnaea acumunata and Bulinus truncatus) The results are expressed in LC50 (mortality rate is equal to 50% of the population Tested) by probit analysis. After extracting and phytochemical screening of extracts, Evaluation was carried out under experimental conditions suitable for the life cycles of each zoological specimen (temperature 24 °C with humidity and aeration). Our results showed interesting LC50 values with respect to exposure times (24 h to 96 h) below the LC50 values of the positive controls (nematicide and molluscicide products marketed). The highest rates of yield are seen in the macerates of Warionea saharae (40.61%) and Moricandia arvensis (L.)DC. (34.49%), while for organic fractions, the maximum value in terms of yield is 4%, was recorded for fraction Dichloromethane of Asteriscus graveolens (Forsk.) Less subsp. graveolens. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponosides, flavonides and tannins in all the plants studied. The results of the nematicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of the study plants showed a very high activity against Globodera sp. With the plant decocts: Haloxylon articulatum after 72h, LC50 = 16,354 μg / ml and the macerate of the same plant disclosed a significant activity with LC50: 10,379 μg / ml but after 96h of exposure of the cysts. For organic extracts, the values are much lower than the positive control, as much as Lantana camara dichloromethane fraction
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  • Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents

    Plethora of Plants - Collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse Succulents

    NAT. CROAT. VOL. 27 No 2 407-420* ZAGREB December 31, 2018 professional paper/stručni članak – museum collections/muzejske zbirke DOI 10.20302/NC.2018.27.28 PLETHORA OF PLANTS - COLLECTIONS OF THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB (2): GLASSHOUSE SUCCULENTS Dubravka Sandev, Darko Mihelj & Sanja Kovačić Botanical Garden, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 9a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia (e-mail: [email protected]) Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Plethora of plants – collections of the Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb (2): Glasshouse succulents. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407- 420*, 2018, Zagreb. In this paper, the plant lists of glasshouse succulents grown in the Botanical Garden from 1895 to 2017 are studied. Synonymy, nomenclature and origin of plant material were sorted. The lists of species grown in the last 122 years are constructed in such a way as to show that throughout that period at least 1423 taxa of succulent plants from 254 genera and 17 families inhabited the Garden’s cold glass- house collection. Key words: Zagreb Botanical Garden, Faculty of Science, historic plant collections, succulent col- lection Sandev, D., Mihelj, D. & Kovačić, S.: Obilje bilja – zbirke Botaničkoga vrta Prirodoslovno- matematičkog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu (2): Stakleničke mesnatice. Nat. Croat. Vol. 27, No. 2, 407-420*, 2018, Zagreb. U ovom članku sastavljeni su popisi stakleničkih mesnatica uzgajanih u Botaničkom vrtu zagrebačkog Prirodoslovno-matematičkog fakulteta između 1895. i 2017. Uređena je sinonimka i no- menklatura te istraženo podrijetlo biljnog materijala. Rezultati pokazuju kako je tijekom 122 godine kroz zbirku mesnatica hladnog staklenika prošlo najmanje 1423 svojti iz 254 rodova i 17 porodica.
  • (Asteraceae): a Relict Genus of Cichorieae?

    (Asteraceae): a Relict Genus of Cichorieae?

    Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 65(2): 367-381 julio-diciembre 2008 ISSN: 0211-1322 Warionia (Asteraceae): a relict genus of Cichorieae? by Liliana Katinas1, María Cristina Tellería2, Alfonso Susanna3 & Santiago Ortiz4 1 División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 3 Instituto Botánico de Barcelona, Pg. del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 4 Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [email protected] Abstract Resumen Katinas, L., Tellería, M.C., Susanna, A. & Ortiz, S. 2008. Warionia Katinas, L., Tellería, M.C., Susanna, A. & Ortiz, S. 2008. Warionia (Asteraceae): a relict genus of Cichorieae? Anales Jard. Bot. Ma- (Asteraceae): un género relicto de Cichorieae? Anales Jard. Bot. drid 65(2): 367-381. Madrid 65(2): 367-381 (en inglés). The genus Warionia, with its only species W. saharae, is endemic to El género Warionia, y su única especie, W. saharae, es endémico the northwestern edge of the African Sahara desert. This is a some- del noroeste del desierto africano del Sahara. Es una planta seme- what thistle-like aromatic plant, with white latex, and fleshy, pin- jante a un cardo, aromática, con látex blanco y hojas carnosas, nately-partite leaves. Warionia is in many respects so different from pinnatipartidas. Warionia es tan diferente de otros géneros de any other genus of Asteraceae, that it has been tentatively placed Asteraceae que fue ubicada en las tribus Cardueae, Cichorieae, in the tribes Cardueae, Cichorieae, Gundelieae, and Mutisieae.
  • PC22 Doc. 7.2 (Rev

    PC22 Doc. 7.2 (Rev

    Original language: English PC22 Doc. 7.2 (Rev. 2) CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-second meeting of the Plants Committee Tbilisi (Georgia), 19-23 October 2015 Strategic matters Cooperation with other biodiversity-related multilateral environmental agreements COOPERATION WITH THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT CONSERVATION OF THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (RESOLUTION CONF. 16.5) 1. This document has been submitted by the Representative of North America (Mr. Hesiquio Benitez) as Chair of the intersessional working group on ‘Cooperation with the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation [GSPC] of the Convention on Biological Diversity [CBD] (Resolution Conf. 16.5)’, in collaboration with the Mexican Scientific Authority (CONABIO).* Background 2. At the 21st meeting of the Plants Committee (PC21, Veracruz, May 2014), Mr. Benitez introduced document PC21 Doc. 8.2 con “Cooperation with the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (Res. Conf. 16.5)”. 3. Following consideration of document PC21 Doc. 8.2, and on the basis of the recommendations included in it, the Plants Committee: 3.1. Noted Resolution Conf. 16.5 and the “List of potential CITES activities and products and their contribution of the objectives and targets of the updated Global Strategy for Plant Conservation 2011- 2020” in its Annex. 3.2 Encouraged Parties to report on progress with their implementation of Res. Conf. 16.5 to the regional representatives of the Committee. 3.3. Agreed that the chair of the intersessional working group on GSPC (the representative of North America, Mr. Hesiquio Benitez), in consultation with the Secretariat, present a report at the present meeting of the Plants Committee on progress with implementation of Res.
  • ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol

    ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol

    Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com s ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 10, Issue, 11, pp. 41819-41827, November, 2020 https://doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.20410.11.2020 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS MELLIFEROUS PLANT DIVERSITY IN THE FOREST-SAVANNA TRANSITION ZONE IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE: CASE OF TOUMODI DEPARTMENT ASSI KAUDJHIS Chimène*1, KOUADIO Kouassi1, AKÉ ASSI Emma1,2,3, et N'GUESSAN Koffi1,2 1Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d’Ivoire), U.F.R. Biosciences, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 (Côte d’Ivoire), Laboratoire des Milieux Naturels et Conservation de la Biodiversité 2Institut Botanique Aké-Assi d’Andokoi (IBAAN) 3Centre National de Floristique (CNF) de l’Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (Côte d’Ivoire) ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: The melliferous flora around three apiaries of 6 to 10 hives in the Department of Toumodi (Côte Received 18th August, 2020 d’Ivoire) was studied with the help of floristic inventories in the plant formations of the study Received in revised form area. Observations were made within a radius of 1 km around each apiary in 3 villages of 22nd September, 2020 Toumodi Department (Akakro-Nzikpli, Bédressou and N'Guessankro). The melliferous flora is Accepted 11th October, 2020 composed of 157 species in 127 genera and 42 families. The Fabaceae, with 38 species (24.20%) th Published online 24 November, 2020 is the best represented. Lianas with 40 species (25.48%) and Microphanerophytes (52.23%) are the most predominant melliferous plants in the study area. They contain plants that flower during Key Words: the rainy season (87 species, i.e.