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President Eisenhower Federalizes the Arkansas Century, and The M Court. Complaints originate from Clarendon County, A white Charles W. 1909 year after residents sought violently 1928 Chesnutt, distinguished author, S.C., Prince Edward County, Vo., Topeka, Kansas, from III., the home of Medal. td chase Negroes Springfield, receives Spingarn Wilmington, Dela., and Washington, D.C. Coses argued Abraham National Association for the Mordecai W. Johnson receives Medal Lincoln, the 1929 Spingarn Dec. 1. Advancement of Colored is born on the 100th for successful career as first of People Negro president Harry T. Moore, NAACP Florida state leader, 37th of the Great birth. The Howard anniversary Emancipator's University. Spingarn Medalist (posthumously). initial is held in New York at As the of a by meeting City, Cooper 1930 result strong lobby organized 1953 Dr. Channing H. Tobias, chairman of NAACP is of black U.S. confirm Union, and attended by a group prominent the NAACP, the Senate refuses to Board of Directors, launches fight for freedom and white citizens who the charter. nomination to Court of John H. sign original the Supreme Parker, campaign at NAACP 44th annual convention, St. Louis, 1910 W.E.B. Du Bois The Crisis as one-tim- e ed of the franchise for starts publishing opponent Mo., June 23-2-8: "Free by '63" becomes nationwide the official of the NAACP. The first issue publication Negroes. NAACP slogan. in November with run of 1 E. of NAACP. appears a press ,000 copies. Joel Spingarn elected president the Paul R. Williams, architect, 38th Spingarn Medalist. Du Bois remained editor for a of a A. Hunt receives Medal for 25 nearly quarter Henry Spingarn years 1954 U.S. Supreme Court hands down its decision on and the became the most devoted to the education of in rural century, magazine Negroes Georgia. May 17, overturning the separate but equal doctrine in influential and black oeriodical in 1931 Walter White becomes NAACP executive prestigious, quoted public education. NAACP "Atlanta Declaration," May American history. (In 1974, subscribers number secretary. 23, offers negotiations to eradicate segregated schools 100,000.) Wilkins named assistant executive Roy secretary. in spirit of "calm reasonableness." . ' Moorfield becomes of the Medal for his Storey president Richard B. Harrison receives Spingarn Theodore K. Lawless, world renown dermotologist, Association. of The Lord in "The Green Pastures." characterization 39th Spingarn Medalist. 1914 Joel E. institutes the Medal R. and of Spingarn Spingarn 1932 Robert Moton, author principal 1955 NAACP executive secretary Walter White, to be awarded annually for the highest achievement of receives Medal. Tuskegee , Institute,' Spingarn dies on March 21 after more than a quarter of a an American, The award was to become the 1933 Max receives the Medal for Negro. Yergon Spingarn century as NAACP official. most honor accorded by a 10 of service as American YMCA important Negro years secretary Roy Wilkins elected executive secretary by NAACP South Africa. organization. among native students of Board of Directors in April. 1915 The U.S. Court in Guinn v. United a with the NAACP Supreme 1934 Following prolonged dispute The Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott, which involves declares the in the of W.E. States, "grandfather clause", Board of Directors over the issue segregation, local NAACP branch officials, begins in December. Oklahoma constitution unconstitutional. That clause B. Du Bois resigns as editor of The Crisis, which he The Interstate Commerce Commission on November the vote to who had done service gave persons military founded in 1910. 25, bans segregation in interstate travel. in or to those who had voted before 1867 and T. Williams Medal for wartime, William B. receives Spingarn Carl Murphy, editor and publisher, 40th Spingarn to their descendants, thus excluding Negroes from the service to Negro education. Medalist. NAACP filed amicus brief right to vote. an curiae and 1935 Mary McLeod Bethune receives Spingarn 1956 Louisiana, then Alabama and Texas, move to in the before the court. It was the and joined argument Medal as an educator courageous fighter against cripple the NAACP by securing injunctions barring the thus only organization represented. injustice. Association from operating in those states because it The Medal is first Spingarn presented to Professor Charles H. Houston joins staff as special counsel. refused to turn over its membership lists. Georgia and Ernest E. head of the of Dr. Louis T. becomes chairman of the Just, department physiology, 1936 Wright Virginia also institute efforts to harass the NAACP. Howard Medical for in University School, research NAACP Board of Directors. Jackie Robinson, the first Negro in major league and biology. John Hope receives Spingarn Medal as a leader baseball, 41st Spingarn Medalist. 1916 Award to Charles -- Spingarn presented Major college president. 1957 Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957 U.S. for in the Medal for his Young, Army, services organizing 1937 Walter White receives Spingarn the first federal civil rights legislation since the Liberian constabulary and developing roads in the personal investigation of 41 lynchings and 8 race riots Reconstruction era. Republic of Liberia. and for lobbying for a federal anti-lynchi- bill. Federal court orders desegregation of Little Rock Weldon Johnson NAACP staff as field In Gaines U. of the James joins 1938 Lloyd v. Missouri, taken to public schools. Following the outbreak of violence as U.S. the secretary. Supreme Court by the NAACP, the court orders the first 9 Negro students enter Central High School, 1917 Nearly 10,000 individuals participate in the university to provide Gaines with a legal education. President Eisenhower federalizes the Arkansas "Silent Protest Parade" for which the NAACP deserves Thurgood Marshall is appointed NAACP special National Guard and orders 1,000 members of the 101st considerable credit. The parade is in protest of counsel. Airborne Division into Little Rock to restore and lynching and mob violence. 1939 The legal department of the NAACP is maintain order. Local NAACP leaders, Mr. and Mrs. L. officer level in NAACP Defense and Because Negroes were not reaching incorporated as the Legal C. Bates, courageously man the battlefront throughout the military forces, Joel Spingarn successfully agitates Educational Fund. this confrontation. with War of an E. the Department for the establishment Joel Spingarn dies. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., 42nd Spincarn Medalist. NAACP. officers training camp for Negroes. Arthur Spingarn elected president of the 1958 Sit-i- ns at lunch counters begun by,Oklahoma Harry T. Burleigh receives the Spingarn Medal for Spingarn Medal awarded to internationally NAACP Youth Council. in field excellence the of creative musk. acclaimed contralto, Marian Anderson. U.S. Supreme Court overturns $100,000 contempt becomes of the U.S. lower in 1911 John Shillady Secretary 1940 Supreme Court reverses court fine that Alabama had levied against NAACP for NAACP. Lee live in Hansberry v. to permit Negro family to refusing to turn over its membership lists to the state. NAACP Walter White joins staff as assistant formerly white neighborhood in Chicago. Mrs. Daisy Bates and Little Rock Nine, 43rd executive secretary. Louis T. Wright, noted surgeon, receives Spingarn Spingarn Medalists. The Association persuades Woodrow Wilson to Medal. 1959 FBI conducts exhaustive probe into the commute death for 10 servicemen convicted in 1941 Richard of Native receives penalty . Wright, author Son, lynching of Mack Charles Parker in Poplarville, revolt. 1917 Houston Spingarn Medal. Mississippi, April 25. critic William Stanley Braithwaite, poet, literary 1942 A. Philip Randolph receives Spingarn Medal Federal court decision invalidates Florida Pupil and editor, receives Spingarn Medal. for leadership in labor. Placement Act, which sustained segregation. Du Bois first Pan-Afric- an 1919 W.E.B. convenes the 1943 William H. Hastie receives Spingarn Medal for Four white men ore convicted for the rape of a in Congress at the Grand Hotel Paris. his work as a jurist and educator. black student at Florida A&M. College at Tallahassee. of in The NAACP publishes Thirty Years Lynching 1944 Negro soldiers, around the world, in gratitude NAACP celebrates its Golden Anniversary at 50th a documentation. NAACP in 13-1- the United States, for work their behalf, begin to send annual convention in New York City, July 9. Medal 70 Archibald H. Grimke receives Spingarn for thousands of dollars to the Association. 1960 Dr. Robert C. Weaver, who served as vice years of distinguished service to his race and country. Charles R. Drew receives Spingarn Medal for his chairman under Dr. Tobias, is elected chairman of Medal 1920 W.E.B. Du Bois receives the Spingarn work with blood plasma and development of a blood NAACP Board of Directors, Jan. 4. of the Pan-Afric- an for the founding and calling bank. NAACP youths participate in sit-i-n demonstrations Congress. 1945 Paul Robeson receives Spingarn Medal for at lunch counters in Greensboro, N.C., Feb. 1. Weldon Johnson becomes NAACP in 1921 James distinguished achievement the theatre and on the Bishop Stephen G. Spottswood elected chairman of executive secretary. concert stage. NAACP Board in April, after Dr. Weaver resigned S. Medal for his Charles Gilpin receives Spingarn 1946 Thurgood Marshall receives Spingarn Medal following Senate confirmation of his nomination by performance in "The Emperor Jones." for his outstanding work before the courts, including President Kennedy as administrator of the Housing and of National 1922 Mary B. Talbert, former president the U.S. Supreme Court. Home Finance Agency. Association of Colored Women, receives Spingarn 1947 Dr. Percy I. Julian receives Spingarn Medal Langston Hughes, 45th Spingarn Medalist. Medal. for his work as a research chemist. 1961 NAACP Youth Division shifts its emphasis to 1923 James Weldon Johnson leads delegation 1948 Following a conference with a delegation from from sit-i- n demonstrations at lunch counters to direct President take petitions bearing 124,454 signatures to the NAACP, President Harry Truman issues Executive action and selective buying to secure jobs for Negroes.
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