Self-Efficacy in Home-Based Online Learning Environments 557

Self-efficacy in Home-based Online Learning Environments 557 Self-efficacy in Home-based Online Learning Environments He-Hai Liu, Yi-Chen Ye, Hui-Ling Jiang Department of Modern Educational Technology, Anhui Normal University, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]* Abstract Internet Information Center, the number of online education users in China has reached 232 million as of In 2020, the unexpected outbreak of COVID-19 has June 2019, an increase of 15.4% over 2018, accounting brought a new challenge to education and provided a for 27.2% of the total netizens. The form of online revolutionary opportunity to integrate ideas for building learning has become an important part of people’s an information society. Meanwhile, the new learning learning activities, and some scholars have pointed out mode of home-based online learning has imposed new that learning in the 21st century is a kind of requirements on university students; on the other hand, information-based learning, which is based on the the question of how to improve the learning effect has network [2]. What is the effect of online learning for also led to new thinking for teachers. On this basis, this learners in such an advantageous context? How can we paper conducts in-depth exploration from the perspective guarantee its learning effectiveness? How does deep of students’ self-efficacy, extending the four dimensions learning develop? Researchers need to pay close of online learning: a sense of effort, a sense of control, a attention to these issues. sense of participation, and a sense of environment. In the specific implementation process of home- Following this, we analyze and study the five factors of based online learning, the lack of understanding and learning attitude, learning strategy, learning interaction, lack of innovation in teaching ideas, leads to the learning evaluation, and learning environment. At the end problems of teaching evaluation, making it easy to of the study, four strategies are given to improve the ignore students’ main position [3]. effectiveness of learning. First, they stimulate students’ sense of independent and autonomous learning under a On this basis, this study is intended to carry out an sense of effort. Second, students’ self-management ability empirical study on the effectiveness of learning in the is cultivated under a sense of control. Third, each student online learning of college students, specifically the is given the opportunity to better reflect the following aspects. First, from the perspective of characteristics of diversity in the process of participating learners’ self-efficacy, the study models the in interactive learning. Fourth, the great advantage of influencing factors and performance dimensions of intelligence in online classrooms is demonstrated in the online learning effectiveness. Second, the empirical existing teaching environment. research method is used to test the theoretical model. The research hypothesis is put forward, and the Keywords: Online learning, Self-efficacy, Efficiency in learning data are collected and analyzed in the form of learning, Home based learning a questionnaire to verify the theoretical model. Third, the research hypothesis is tested, and its theoretical 1 Introduction model is adjusted. Finally, the results are attributed and discussed, and learning-targeted promotion strategies are proposed to promote the further development of In the current vigorous development of network online learning. information technology, the new technology has promoted digitalization, simplification, fragmentation, and structural development of knowledge, which has 2 Related Works become the “booster” for the rapid development of online education. At the same time, with the Domestic research on the effectiveness of online popularization and promotion of the concepts of learning also includes basic theoretical research and Education for All and Lifelong Education, online practical application research, but more research has learning is becoming increasingly popular and widely been based on the course and learning work practice to used [1]. As noted in the 44th China Internet Network analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of online Development Statistics Report released by the China learning and to put forward improvement strategies. *Corresponding Author: Yi-Chen Ye; E-mail: [email protected] DOI: 10.3966/160792642021052203006 558 Journal of Internet Technology Volume 22 (2021) No.3 For example, N. Tang and S. Yan used the method of perspective of student participation, including the questionnaire survey to study the influencing behavioral participation, cognitive participation, and factors of virtual learning effectiveness. It also points emotional participation, in order to pay attention to the out that learners’ characteristics, sense of efficacy, different roles of these three kinds of participation and attitude toward virtual learning, technical reliability, ensure their balanced extension [16]. Home-based and other factors are significantly related to the online learning also needs to achieve the same effectiveness of virtual learning to different degrees [4]. efficiency, from learning to scientific knowledge and From the perspective of student subjectivity, teacher students’ own development to an in-depth study of the leadership, learning resources, network interaction, and concept of learning effectiveness. The goal of learning platform support services, Ning Wang proposed five is to achieve effective deep learning. How to promote aspects for a strategy to improve the Moodle platform the effectiveness of college students’ online learning, distance learning effectiveness strategy [5]. On the not only in the shallow sense of learning, but also basis of the knowledge contextualization theory and actively construct the discipline structures, so as to peer evaluation method, Xinyi Shen et al. designed a transfer more accurately and improve the problem- series of strategies, including recognition assignment, solving skills. The development of higher-order peer recommendation, and asking questions, to abilities such as metacognition, problem solving, and improve the participation and effect of online learning, critical thinking is engaged [17]. As for the evaluation and analyzed and discussed the effectiveness of the system of deep learning, some scholars have pointed strategies [6]. out that it is basically consistent with the standard of During outbreak control, a number of domestic general learning evaluation, and they have used scholars have also emerged to study the problems of Bloom’s target classification system for reference to network learning. Some scholars take Tsinghua evaluate learning objectives from the three fields of University as an example, starting with the big data cognition, emotion, and motor skills [18]. Therefore, generated by the log of the teaching course selection the effectiveness of home-based online learning for system, the study found that college students’ learning college students can also be evaluated from the three activities and enthusiasm decreased significantly dimensions of cognition, emotion, and skill, so as to during online study at home [7]. In this context, some make a reasonable evaluation of students’ learning scholars also consider global digital learning. This effects. paper constructs a new framework of digital learning in the post-epidemic era, and discusses the scene, tools, 3.2 Structural Analysis of Students’ Online curriculum, learning strategies, and teachers’ Learning Under Self-efficacy professional development of digital learning [8]. Online learning, as a new ideal learning mode in At the same time, as regards learners’ self-efficacy modern information technology, has three distinct in the learning process to promote the network characteristics: “isolated” teaching and learning learners’ learning effectiveness, the research of between teachers and students, “conscious” management domestic scholars such as Wang and Feng [9], Tong et of students, and “bullet-screen” communication among al. [10], Yin and Xu [11] and Joo et al. [12], Liang et al. students. In the learning process, students’ sense of [13], Tsai [14] illustrates the important factors self-efficacy directly or indirectly affects the influencing the network learning and the learning performance of individuals’ dynamic psychology in the motivation is the self-efficacy of students. implementation of learning activities, thus affecting In general, from the perspective of learners’ self- actual learning activities [19]. While new behavioral efficacy, no systematic research has been conducted to psychologist Albert Bandura proposed the three-yuan explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of interaction theory, emphasizing that the three decisive college students’ home-based online learning. factors of internal factors, people’s behavior, and the external environment have a strong foothold in 3 Model Construction of Online Learning people’s psychological function, and demonstrated a Effectiveness continuous interactive process between the three factors, the process of human behavior can influence 3.1 Definition of Online Learning Effectiveness people’s cognitive and affective faculties. When studying the correlation between college students’ self- The effectiveness of learning is the essence of efficacy and deep learning in an e-learning teaching, the central idea of current education, and the environment [20], scholar Qi Zhang proposed four essential

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