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CIRCULATMNGCopy RETURN TO ;D BERETURNED TOREPORTS DESK REPOR?TS DZ-;( ReportNo. 447-IN WITHIN Appraisalof the RajasthanCanal ONE W^KS CommandArea Development Project Public Disclosure Authorized in India July 1, 1974 FILECOPY Asia ProjectsDepartment Irrigation and Area Development Division I Notfor PublicUse Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Document of the InternationalBank for Reconstructionand Development InternationalDevelopment Association This report was prepared for official use only by the BankGroup. It may not be published, quoted or cited without BankGroup authorization. The Bank Group does not accept responsibilityfor the accuracyor completenessof the report. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS US$1.00 = Rupees(Rs) 8.002 Rs 1.00 = US$0.125 US$1 million Rs 8,000,000 Rs 1 million = US$125,000 WEIGHTSAND MEASURES(METRIC SYSTEM) 1 meter (n) = 3.28 feet 1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres 1 cubic meter (i 3 ) = 35.3 cubic feet 1 million cubic meters (Mm3) = 810 acre-feet 1 ton = 1,000 kilogram (kg) = 2,205 pounds 1 megawatt (MW) - 1,340 horsepower (hp) /1 This has been taken as the short-term average exchange rate. The Indian Rupee is linked to the Pound Sterling and recent rates with the United States Dollar have varied between US$1.00 - Rs 7.60 and Rs 8.70 in recent months. ABBREVIATIONS ARC = AgriculturalRefinance Corporation CAA = Command Area Authority CAD&WU = Command Area Development and Water Utilization CWPC = Central Water and Power Commission FAO = Food and Agriculture Organizationof the United Nations GOI = Government of India GOR = Government of Rajasthan ICAR = Indian Council on AgriculturalResearch LS = Lump Sum O&M = Operation and Maintenance PWD = Public Works Department (Rajasthan) RCP - Rajasthan Canal Project RMC - Rajasthan Main Canal RLDC - Rajasthan Land Development Corporation USBR - United States Bureau of Reclamation UNDP - United Nations Development Program VLW = Village Level Worker vpd = Vehicles per day GLOSSARY Abadi Village Bajra = Pearl Millet Bigha = Traditional land mieasure = 0.25 ha Chak - Area served by a watercourse,about 120 ha Gur Unrefined (brown) sugar Jowar = Sorghum Kharif = Wet season (June to September) Mandi - Town market Meruba = Traditional land measure - 6.32 ha Panchayat - Village council Patwari - Village-level revenue or irrigationofficial Rabi - Dry season (October to February) Tal - Silty clay soils with strong saline/alkaline properties FISCAL YEAR GOI, GOR, and agencies - April 1 - March 31 ARC, RLDC, Cooperatives - July 1 - June 30 Commercial Banks - January 1 - December 31 INDIA APPRAISALOF THE RAJASTHANCANAL COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENTPROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ...................... ......... i - iv I. INTRODUCTION .............. .. .. ............... 1 II. BACKGROUND ... 1 The Economy.................. * ........... .. 1 Agriculture in India . 2 Agriculture in Rajasthan . .2 Project Formulation .......... .. ........ 3 III. THE PROJECT AREA. 4 General... 4 Climate.... 5 Topography,Soils and Drainage .... 5 Farm Size and Land Tenure . .. 6 Town and Village Settlements. 6 Irrigationand Land Development .... 6 Agricultural Production ... 7 Marketing and Transportation .... 7 Environment and Health .. 8 Present Problems . .. 8 IV. THE PROJECT ...... 9 Project Works .......... ............. 9 Water Supply, Demand and Quality ................. 11 EngineeringDesign . .12 Construction Methods .. ... .13 Implementation Schedule . .... 13 Cost Estimates. .... 13 Financing .... 14 Procurement . ................................ 15 Disbursements . ....... ...... 16 Accounts and Audits .... 17 EnvironmentalEffects of the Project . 17 This report is based on the findings of an appraisalmission composed of Messrs. G. J. Tibor, W. G. Rodger, J. K. Lee, K. V. S. K. Nathan (IDA), and Messrs. D. K. Jones, D. Benor, A. M. Jensen and W. L. McCaig (Consult- ants). Messrs. G. von Gontard, R. L. P. Harris and P. W. Whitford also contributed to the report. -2- Page No. V. ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ........................... 18 Project Implementation . .18 Rajasthan Land Development Corporation 19 Financing of On-Farm Development Works 19 Agricultural Supporting Services. 20 Agricultural Credit ......... ....... 22 Operation and Maintenance 22 Cost Recovery ... .. .... .. 23 Monitoring of Project Benefits .............. #.... 23 VI. PRODUCTION, MARKET PROSPECTS, PRICES AND FARMERS' INCOME. .. .................O.-* .........24 Production......... *.... 24 Market Prospects ... 24 Prices.. 25 Famers' Income ... ........ .... ... 25 VII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION . ... 25 VIII. AGREEMENTS REACHED AND RECONMENDATIONS. ......... 26 ANNEXES 1. Climatic Data 2. Topography and Soils 3. Project Wcrks 4. Water Supply, Demand and Quality 5. Colonization 6. Cost Estimates 7. Equipment Requirements 8. Scheduling of Expenditure and Disbursements 9. Organization, Management and Project Financing 10. Rajasthan Land Development Corporation 11. Operation and Maintenance 12. Agricultural Supporting Services 13. Agricultural Production 14. Marketing, Processing, Storage and Prices 15. Farm Budgets 16. Economic Analysis -3- CHARTS 8638 ImplementationSchedule 8599 OrganizationChart - State Level 8640 OrganizationChart - Command Area Authority 8639 OrganizationChart - Irrigation,Land Development,Afforestation 8641 Project Activity Diagram MAPS 10883 Location Map 10884 Project Area 10885 On-Farm Development in Chak 23 KD(A) REFERENCES 1. "Report to the Government of Rajasthan on Land Leveling Works", William L. McCaig, February 1974. 2. "Report on Afforestation and Sand Dune Stabilization", A. M. Jensen, November 1973. 3. "Report to Government of Rajasthan on Rajasthan Canal Command Area Development Project Extension Service", Daniel Benor, January 1974. 4. "Rajasthan Canal and Chambal Command Area Development Projects: SupplementaryNote on Agricultural Credit", FAO/IBRD CooperativeProgrami, October 1973. INDLA APPRAISAL OF THE RAJASTHAN CANAL COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENTPROJECT SUMMARYAND CONCLUSIONS i. The proposed project, together with the Chambal Command Area Devel- opment Project (Rajasthan),would be the first in India ror command area development- the provision of all the necessary physical works and agricul- tural supporting services to enable full realizationof the benefits of existing irrigation projects. Such projects have been given high priority in India's developmentplanning and further projects of this kind are being prepared for Bank Group consideration. ii. India's development program for the next five years gives greater emphasis than previous plans to alleviating poverty and creating employment, particularlyin the agriculturalsector, which engages 70% of the population. Despite the impressive results of the green revolution in some areas, overall growth in agricultural output has barely kept pace with population increases. The expansion and improvement of irrigation development must play a major part in future food production. iii. Over one-third of Rajasthan, one of the larger but more sparsely populated states of India, is desert, and irrigation development is there- fore of high priority. The northwest desert area has been the scene of large irrigation developmentsin the past. Under the post-World War II interstate water agreements, corollary to the Indus Water Treaty, Rajasthan was allo- cated 9,900 Mm3 of water annually for the 1.15 million ha Rajasthan Canal Project (RCP) as its share of the Beas and Ravi River waters. Work on diversion to the RCP commenced in the early 1950's and by 1961 the Rajasthan Main Canal (fed by a 214 km feeder canal from Harike Barrage on the Sutlej River) had reached the upper parts of the command area and irrigation gradually commenced. By the end of 1973, the Main Canal and its distributary system (down to about 150 ha turnout level) commanded nearly the whole of the RCP Stage I area of 540,000 ha. However, land effectively irrigated is probably no more than 30% of the commanded area, due to the lack of assured year-round water supplies, the heavy loss of water through the unlined distributary canals and watercourses, and to the poor state of preparation of the virgin desert lands (undulating dunes and saline flats). Consequently, permanent settle- ment of the area by previously landless farmers is also lagging seriously behind projected plans. With completion of the main regulating storage dam at Pong on the Beas River in 1974, perennial irrigation supplies will be available to the RCP for the first time. iv. The proposed project covers 200,000 ha of irrigable land in two blocks within Stage I of RCP. It would integrate the activities of all the developmentagencies engaged in the area, complete all the necessary - ii - infrastructure, on-farm land development works and permanent settlement, and provide greatly enhanced agricultural supporting services. v. The proposed projectwould include: the lining of 915 km of distributarycanals; the constructionof 431 km of roads and water supplies for 100 villages; pasture developmentand afforestationof 35,000 ha of high shifting sand dune lands surroundingthe irrigatedarea; and provision of 46,000 nutrient tons of various fertilizersto build up and restore soil fertility. On-farm developmentworks under the project include lining of 5,800 km of watercourses,land shaping of 12,000 ha and reclamation of 17,000 ha of sodic soils. The project would assist the farmers to com- plete a further 26,000 ha of land shaping and 17,000
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