The Journal of History

Founded in 1928 as the San Diego Historical Society, today’s San Diego History Center is one of the largest and oldest historical organizations on the West Coast. It houses vast regionally significant collections of objects, photographs, documents, films, oral histories, historic clothing, paintings, and other works of art. The San Diego History Center operates two major facilities in national historic landmark districts: The Research Library and History Museum in and the Serra Museum in Presidio Park. The San Diego History Center presents dynamic changing exhibitions that tell the diverse stories of San Diego’s past, present, and future, and it provides educational programs for K-12 schoolchildren as well as adults and families.

www.sandiegohistory.org

Front Cover: Scenes from Rancho La Puerta, 2016.

Back Cover: The San Diego River following its historic course to the Pacific Ocean. The San Diego Trolley and a local highrise flank the river.

Design and Layout: Allen Wynar

Printing: Crest Offset Printing

Editorial Assistants: Cynthia van Stralen Travis Degheri Joey Seymour

Articles appearing in The Journal of San Diego History are abstracted and indexed in Historical Abstracts and America: History and Life.

The paper in the publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.

The Journal of San Diego History

IRIS H. W. ENGSTRAND MOLLY McCLAIN Editors

THEODORE STRATHMAN DAVID MILLER Review Editors

Published since 1955 by the SAN DIEGO HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1649 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, 92101 ISSN 0022-4383 The Journal of San Diego History

VOLUME 63 WINTER 2017 NUMBER 1

Editorial Consultants Published quarterly by the San Diego History Center at 1649 El Prado, Balboa MATTHEW BOKOVOY Park, San Diego, California 92101. University of Nebraska Press A $60.00 annual membership in the WILLIAM DEVERELL San Diego History Center includes University of Southern California; subscription to The Journal of San Director, Huntington-USC Institute Diego History and the SDHC Times. of California and the West All back issues are accessible at www. VICTOR GERACI sandiegohistory.org. University of California, Berkeley Articles and book reviews for publication consideration, as well as DONALD H. HARRISON editorial correspondence, should be Publisher, San Diego Jewish World addressed to Editors, The Journal of San J. MICHAEL KELLY Diego History, Department of History, Committee of 100 Balboa Park , 5998 Alcalá Park, San Diego, CA 92110 ROGER W. LOTCHIN University of North Carolina Chapel Hill All article submissons should be computer generated, double-spaced JOHN PUTMAN with endnotes, and follow the Chicago San Diego State University Manual of Style. Authors should ANDREW ROLLE submit an electronic copy in Microsoft The Huntington Library Word. Photographs must be submitted separately at 300ppi. ROGER SHOWLEY The San Diego Union-Tribune The San Diego History Center assumes no responsibility for the statements or ABE SHRAGGE opinions of the authors or reviewers. Independent Historian ©2017 by the San Diego History Center RAYMOND STARR ISSN 0022-4383 San Diego State University, emeritus Periodicals postage paid at San Diego, CA Publication No. 331-870 PHOEBE S. K. YOUNG (619) 232-6203 University of at Boulder www.sandiegohistory.org

Note: For a change of address, please call (619) 232-6203 ext. 102 or email [email protected]

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CONTENTS

VOLUME 63 WINTER 2017 NUMBER 1

ARTICLES Rancho La Puerta: Where the Fitness Revolution Began Iris Engstrand 1 A Plea for Justice: Cupeño Indians versus Homesteaders in 1880s San Diego County Phil Brigandi 35 Water Rights to the San Diego River: The Opinion of 1914 John Martin 49 Indian Gaming in the Nation Ethan Banegas 73

BOOK REVIEWS 89

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The Journal of San Diego History

Search complete issues online at www.sandiegohistory.org/journal

Winter 2016: Volume 62 No. 1 The Journal of San Diego One Hundred Years of Civil Engineering Excellence in San Diego Volume Winter 62 2016 Number 1 • The Journal of San Diego History History Timothy M. Shell The Bridges of San Diego County: The Art of Civil Engineering Christine Robbins The History of Caltrans District 11 Cathryne Bruce-Johnson and Carmen Sandoval Rick Engineering and the Rick Family Legacy Brian F. Mooney The Mountain Springs Grade: ONE HUNDRED YEARS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING EXCELLENCE IN SAN DIEGO Conquering San Diego’s Mountain Barrier Joe Streetman Book Reviews

The Journal of Spring 2016: Volume 62 No. 2 San Diego

Volume Spring 62 2016 Number 2 • The Journal of San Diego History The after 100 years History Sarah Matteson Cosoy: The Birthplace of New California Geoffrey Mogilner Ambition and Service: The San Diego Life and Death of George Cooke Nancy Carol Carter The Cuyamaca Water Company Partnership Bill Farley

© Exhibit Reviews • Book Reviews

Summer/Fall 2016: Volume 62 Nos. 3 & 4 The Journal of

Volume Summer/Fall 62 2016 Numbers 3 & 4 • The Journal of San Diego History San Diego Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Citizen of Guatemala History Wendy Kramer David Lion Gardiner: A Yankee in Gold Rush California Molly McClain Tourmaline Canyon: Surfers vs. Homeowners during the 1960s Brooke Johnson Schmidtt Why the Y?: The Origin of San Diego YWCA’s Clay Ave. Branch Charla Wilson A Monument to an Event that Never Happened Roger Newton Exhibit Reviews • Book Reviews

88 Book Reviews

99 The Journal of San Diego History

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR Ray Carpenter M. Wayne Donaldson, FAIA William Lawrence Brian Chambers Iris Engstrand, Ph.D. Debra Cushman-Parrish Kim Fletcher BOARD OF TRUSTEES Dan Eaton Tom Karlo Thompson Fetter, President Jim Fitzpatrick Bob Kelly Joe Craver, Vice President J. Kevin Heinly Helen Kinnaird John Morrell, Vice President Gayle Hom Yvonne W. Larsen Robert J. Watkins, Vice President Robert A. Kittle David Malcolm Frank Alessi, Treasurer Brian Mooney Seth W. Mallios, Ph.D. Allan Wasserman, Secretary Kay Porter Rana Sampson Margie Warner, Assistant Secretary Ellis C. Smith Hon. Lynn Schenk Robert F. Adelizzi, President Emeritus Stephen B. Williams Drew Schlosberg Hal Sadler FAIA, President Emeritus Mary L. Walshok, Ph.D. ADVISORY BOARD TRUSTEES Hon. Pete Wilson Malin Burnham Karin E. Winner Chuck Bieler Thomas A. Caughlan, USMC, Ret. Richard Bregante INDIVIDUAL GIFTS The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of individuals contributing above $1,000 since January 1, 2016-January 1, 2017. Mr. and Mrs. Robert Adelizzi Mr. and Mrs. Philip Gildred Mrs. Kay Porter Mr. and Mrs. Frank Alessi Mr. and Mrs. George Gildred Mr. and Mrs. Hal Sadler Mr. and Mrs. Willis Allen Mrs. Jacqueline M. Gillman Mr. Thomas Sayer & Ms. Sara Jane Sayer Mr. and Mrs. C. Neil Ash Ms. Connie K. Golden Honorable Lynn Schenk Mr. Jeremy Berg Mr. James M. Hall Mitchell and Elizabeth Siegler Mr. and Mrs. Charles Bieler Mr. J. Kevin and Mrs. Bridgett Heinly Ellis and Mary Smith Mr. Steven L. Black Mrs. Ann Hill and Dr. John D. Hill Ms. Deborah Szekely Mr. and Mrs. Richard Bregante Ms. Gayle Hom Mr. John Thornton Mr. and Mrs. Ed J. Brown, Jr. Ms. Linde Hotchkiss Dr. Robert D. Wallace Mr. and Mrs. Malin Burnham Mr. Selwyn Isakow Dr. Mary L. Walshok, PhD Mr. and Mrs. David Canedo Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kittle Mrs. Nell Waltz Mr. and Mrs. Ray Carpenter Ms. Janet Klauber Mr. and Mrs. John H. Warner Mr. and Mrs. Jeff Cavignac Mr. Peter R. LaDow Mr. and Mrs. Allan Wasserman Mr. and Mrs. Boyd D. Collier Mr. and Mrs. William Lawrence Mr. and Mrs. Bob Watkins Mr. and Mrs. Joe W. Craver Mr. and Mrs. Woody Ledford Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Williams Ms. Debra & Mr. Kent Cushman-Parrish Ms. Susan Leonard The Honorable Pete Wilson and Mr. Bram and Mrs. Sandy Dijkstra Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Malone Mrs. Gayle Wilson Mr. Tom and Ms. Berit Durler Mr. Charles Marston & Ms. Rosa Luevano Mr. Thomas Wornham Mr. Dan Eaton Mr. and Mrs. James Milch Mr. Keith York and Ms. Jessica Hanson Dr. Iris Engstrand Mr. and Mrs. John Morrell Mr. and Mrs. Thompson Fetter Mr. Brian and Mrs. Rose Mooney Mr. Nicholas M. Fintzelberg Ms. Ann Navarra Mr. and Mrs. Kim Fletcher Ms. Sandra Perlatti

CORPORATE AND FOUNDATION SUPPORT The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generous support of businesses and foundations contributing above $1,000 since January 1, 2016-January 1, 2017. Allison and Robert Price Family Gensler Price Philanthropies Foundation Foundation The Arthur and Jeanette The Gilbert J. Martin Foundation Quest for Truth Foundation Pratt Memorial Fund Heartland Meat Co. R. E. Staite Engineering, Inc. Bank of America Foundation Hughes Marino Rick Engineering BB&T John Burnham Insurance I. Lehman Trust RJC Architects Bert’s Office Trailers Ike Kligerman Barkley Architects P.C. Robert David Lion Gardiner BrightView Landscape Development Joseph Wong Design Associates Foundation, Inc. Brochett Dental Corp. J. W. Sefton Foundation Robinson Electric Cannon Constructors South, Inc. Las Patronas Rudolph and Sletten Carleton Management, Inc. Layer 3 Security Services The Ruth Lane Charitable Foundation Carmel Mountain Ranch Veterinary Hosp. The Legler Benbough Foundation Samuel I. and John Henry Fox Carol and Henry F. Hunte Fund Lindsey Veterinary Hospital Foundation Carrier Johnson + Culture LJ Galinson Advised Fund of the Jewish San Diego County Veterinary Medical Chula Vista Electric Community Foundation Assoc. City of San Diego Commission for MA Engineers The San Diego Foundation Arts and Culture Manchester Financial Group San Diego River Conservancy Cisterra Development Company Marian and Walter Trevor, Jane Trevor Scott Fence Company CohnReznick Fetter and Thompson Fetter Fund SEAT Planners Inc. Concrete Contractors Interstate Mc Carthy Building Companies, Inc. Silvani Decedent’s Trust B The Corky McMillin Companies Meyer Charitable Foundation The Takahashi Family Fund County of San Diego Michael Baker International The Viterbi Family Fund of the Jewish Cushman Foundation ModernSanDiego.com Community Foundation DCI Engineers MWE Engineering, Inc. Turner Construction Company De Falco Family Foundation, Inc. New School of Architecture U.S. Bank Delphi Private Advisors, LLC The Paper Company Union Bank of California Duane Morris LLP Patrons of the Prado VCA Inc. The Favrot Fund The Paula B. and Oliver W. Jones Family VCA Animal Specialty Group Fidelity National Title Insurance Foundation Veterinary Specialty Hospital Fortress Fence and Landscape Design Paul Bechtner Foundation Wawanesa Insurance Foster Family Fund of the Jewish PCL Construction Willis Towers Watson Community Foundation Phyllis H. Paul Trust Zoological Society of San Diego

100 The San Diego History Center gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the Robert D.L. Gardiner Foundation and the Quest for Truth Foundation for their ongoing support of The Journal of San Diego History

Contributions to support The Journal may also be made to The Journal of San Diego History Fund at

The San Diego Foundation (619) 235-2300 or (858) 385-1595 [email protected]