De Quelle Manière Le Manque De Confiance Des Consommateurs a T-Il Contribué À Un Changement Dans Leurs Habitudes De Consommat

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De Quelle Manière Le Manque De Confiance Des Consommateurs a T-Il Contribué À Un Changement Dans Leurs Habitudes De Consommat Université de Lille - Faculté D’Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (ILIS) Master Nutrition Sciences des Aliments option Qualité et Sécurité Alimentaires Clarisse Ingé ______________________________________ De quelle manière le manque de confiance des consommateurs a t-il contribué à un changement dans leurs habitudes de consommation : cas des alternatives végétales aux produits laitiers. ______________________________________ Mémoire de fin d’études de la 2ème année de Master Sous la direction de Madame Patricia Lizama Composition du jury - Présidente de jury : Caroline Lanier, enseignant chercheur - Directrice de mémoire : Patricia Lizama, Responsable qualité en restauration collective - Troisième membre de jury : Anaïs Mortreux, Coordinatrice qualité en industrie agroalimentaire Soutenance du 24 septembre 2019 Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé ILIS 42 rue Ambroise Paré - 59 120 Loos ANNÉE UNIVERSITAIRE 2018 - 2019 Remerciements Je remercie dans un premier temps ma directrice de mémoire, Madame LIZAMA Patricia, pour sa patience, sa disponibilité et l’aide qu’elle a pu m’apporter tout au long de ce travail. J’ai pu bénéficier de son expertise pour orienter mes axes de recherche et développer le sujet choisi. Je remercie également Madame LANIER Caroline, responsable pédagogique du Master Nutrition Sciences des Aliments, qui a su m’apporter conseil dans le choix de problématique et m’accompagner tout au long de ces deux années de Master. Ma reconnaissance va également à toute l’équipe pédagogique d’ILIS et les intervenants professionnels pour avoir organisé l’ensemble de la formation et dispensé les enseignements théoriques indispensables à mon évolution professionnelle. Aussi, je souhaite remercier Madame MORTREUX Anaïs, troisième membre du jury, pour m’avoir donné l’opportunité de développer mes connaissances et compétences à ses côtés lors de mon année d’alternance ainsi que pour la confiance qu’elle m’a accordée. Je remercie chaleureusement mes proches, pour leur soutien au cours de ces années d’études supérieures et mes collègues, pour la bonne humeur qu’ils ont su partager. Je remercie également mon conjoint et ma famille pour leurs encouragements et leur aide dans la rédaction de ce mémoire, notamment pour avoir effectué la relecture de ce travail. Enfin, je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes qui ont contribué au succès de cette année et qui m’ont aidée dans la rédaction de ce mémoire de fin d’études. Sommaire Table des figures....................................................................................................................2 Table des tableaux.................................................................................................................3 Définitions et abréviations......................................................................................................4 1. Introduction........................................................................................................................5 2. Le manque de confiance des consommateurs..................................................................6 2.1. Définition du concept de confiance.............................................................................6 2.2. La confiance du consommateur en constante détérioration......................................6 2.3. Les raisons pouvant expliquer ce manque de confiance...........................................7 2.3.1. Impact des crises sur la confiance des Français...............................................7 2.3.2. Le consommateur perdu entre information et désinformation.........................11 3. Pourquoi se tourner vers les alternatives végétales ?.....................................................16 3.1. Lait et alternatives végétales : comparaison nutritionnelle.......................................16 3.2. Le rôle indirect des recommandations nutritionnelles..............................................18 3.3. Les régimes d’éviction..............................................................................................21 3.3.1. Intolérance et allergie.......................................................................................21 3.3.2. Régime végétalien............................................................................................22 4. Lien entre le manque de confiance pour les produits laitiers et la consommation d’alternatives végétales.......................................................................................................24 4.1. Méthodologie............................................................................................................24 4.2. Description de l’échantillon.......................................................................................25 4.3. Résultats...................................................................................................................27 4.3.1. Profils de consommation..................................................................................27 4.3.2. Critères de consommation des alternatives végétales....................................30 4.3.3. Connaissances du consommateur et canaux d’information............................32 4.3.4. Lien de confiance avec le consommateur........................................................34 5. Discussion........................................................................................................................36 6. Conclusion.......................................................................................................................37 Bibliographie........................................................................................................................40 Livre des annexes................................................................................................................44 page 1 Table des figures Figure 1: Répartition du nombre d’événements déclarés entre 2000 et 2018......................9 Figure 2: Impact des scandales alimentaires sur les habitudes de consommation............10 Figure 3: Teneur en calcium de différents aliments, données issues de la table Ciqual.....13 Figure 4: Quantités de calcium et vitamine D présentes dans différentes boissons...........14 Figure 5: Énergie (en kJ/100g) apportée par le lait et différentes boissons végétales.......16 Figure 6: Profil nutritionnel du lait et de différentes boissons végétales.............................17 Figure 7: Consommation de produits laitiers et risques de maladies chroniques non transmissibles......................................................................................................................20 Figure 8: Sexe des répondants............................................................................................25 Figure 9: Effectifs selon la catégorie socio-professionnelle.................................................26 Figure 10: Fréquence de consommation du lait et des boissons végétales.......................27 Figure 11: Fréquence de consommation des desserts lactés et végétaux.........................28 Figure 12: Changement des habitudes de consommation lors des 2 dernières années....29 Figure 13: Critères qui justifient la consommation d'alternatives végétales........................30 Figure 14: Confiance et transparence de l'industrie laitière aux yeux du consommateur...31 Figure 15: Confiance et transparence de l'industrie des alternatives végétales aux yeux du consommateur.....................................................................................................................32 Figure 16: Moyens d'information utilisés par les personnes interrogées............................33 Figure 17: Pourcentage de réponses apportées pour la question : D'après-vous, dans quel type d'industrie y a t-il le plus de crises sanitaires ?............................................................34 Figure 18: Impact des crises sanitaires sur la consommation alimentaire des personnes interrogées...........................................................................................................................35 Figure 19: Degré de confiance accordé aux industries laitières et des alternatives végétales..............................................................................................................................35 page 2 Table des tableaux Tableau 1: Exemples de scandales sanitaires fortement médiatisés entre 1996 et 2017....8 Tableau 2: Événements ayant eu lieu entre 2000 et 2018 classés par catégorie d'actions..9 Tableau 3: Effets des produits laitiers sur la santé - exemples de données scientifiques. .12 Tableau 4: Recommandations nutritionnelles du PNNS depuis 2001 pour les adultes......19 Tableau 5: Liste des informations recueillies au travers du questionnaire..........................25 Tableau 6: Répartition de l'âge............................................................................................26 Tableau 7: Nom des variables considérées.........................................................................29 Tableau 8: Matrice des corrélations entre les changements d'habitudes alimentaires et la consommation de produits laitiers ou alternatives végétales..............................................30 Tableau 9: Connaissances des consommateurs au sujet des produits laitiers...................33 page 3 Définitions et abréviations ADN (Acide Désoxyribo Nucléique) : constituant de base des chromosomes et porteur de l’information génétique. ANSES (Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l'Alimentation,
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