DOCSLIB.ORG

May & June 1980 Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
May & June 1980 Review Naval War College Review Volume 33 Article 25 Number 3 May-June 1980 May & June 1980 Review The .SU Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation War College, The .SU Naval (1980) "May & June 1980 Review," Naval War College Review: Vol. 33 : No. 3 , Article 25. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 1 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 2 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 3 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 PRESIDENT'S NOTES ......... Resistance to the tyranny of King Fortunately for rhe future of the George lll took many forms in the United States-and wirhour impugning beleaguered American colonies in citizen Coggeshall's show of independ­ November 1775. One of the more ence-an event of much greater and inrriguing accounrs, which I came across lasring moment took place in Philadel­ recently, concerned the individual act of phia char very week of 1775. defiance of a good citizen of Newport by The Continental Congress, on LO the name of Coggeshall. As reported in November 1775, ordered the creation of the Newport Mercury of 6 November two battalions of Marines, thereby 1775: establishing the United States Marine Earl.y lase Saturday morning Corps. One of rhe mandates of the (November 4) one Coggeshall, Continental Congress in this resolution being somewhat drunk or crazy, was char " ... particular care be taken, went on the Long-Wharf, and rhat no persons be appointed ro office, rurn'd up his backsides coward the or inlisred [sic] inro said battalions, bur bomb brig in rhis harbour, using such are good seamen, or so acquainted some insulting words; upon which with maritime affairs so as to be able co the brig fired two 4 pound shot at serve co advantage by sea when him; one of which went through required .... " the roof of Mr. Hammond's store The Marine Corps has served with on the said wharf, and lodged in disrincrion in maritime affairs since its Mr. Samuel Johnston's distillery, at birth in 1775. Here at the Naval War the N.E. part of the cove, within College, Marine officers are an the Long Wharf. The man was important part of our faculty and soon after taken up, and sent our of student body. Ar present, 26 are town. enrolled in the College of Naval The British retaliation to this Warfare, 20 are in the College of Naval singular (if unusual) act of patriotism Command and Staff and 10 serve in key could hardly be termed a measured positions on the faculty. response; indeed ir might even be Marines were present at the termed overkill. Certainly, hitting the beginnings of the Naval War College Newporrers' source of liquid refresh­ and have played an important role in its ment might have evoked an unwanted evolutionary development as the response by fanning faster the flames of highest professional-level educational https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25rebellion. institution in the Navy. The first4 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 5 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 6 War College: May & June 1980 Review 4 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW NATO's 30-yea-rexirtence has given it almost the character of a familiarstatue­ we seldom ask how it came to he. Thi; paper looks at the founding of NATO, the treaty, the organizational structure, and the military forces-what conditions reqnired and fostered NATO and why what resulted,rather than something ehe, did result. It also invites a consUeration of two not opposite questions-whether the defense of Europe ,hould be more "Europeanized"; whether NATO should be geographically and fnnctionally broadened. THE CREATION OF THE NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, 1948-1952 by Alan K. Henrikson And the earth was withouc form, European power since irs 1778 and void; and darkness was upon Revolutionary War alliance with France the face of the deep. And the Spirit dissolved by murnalagreement in 1800, of God moved upon the face of the Probably more than any other waters. Genesis 1:2. international arrangement in history, On 4 April 1949, at a ceremony in the even the League of Nations and rhe ornate Departmental Auditorium in United Nations, the North Atlantic Washington, D.C., the North Atlantic AIHance has set-not to say in a deeper Treaty was signed. For all of rhe 12 sense caused-the pattern of interna­ parties, European no less than North tional relations that we in the Atlantic American, rhe pact-a peacetime world today tend to take forgranted. It military coalition transoceanic in has been regarded-rightly-as a major scope-was unprecedented. Not since core of international stability. "To the breakup in 1822 of the Quadruple protect this area against war,'' declared Alliance against a Bonapartist resur­ President Truman at the signing gence in France had Europe known such ceremony, "will be a long step toward a strong grouping of Great Powers in permanent peace in the whole world." 1 peace. In 1947 the United States had Nonerheless, there is a growing signed the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro to apprehension that the Atlantic protect the Western Hemisphere, bur it AlJiance, confined as it is in member­ had not been formally linked with any ship, geography, and function, may be This arricle is based on a paper delivered orallyat The Newport lnstirute Conference-"Is There a Need For an Alternadve to NATO?''-on 10 November 1979. The autho.wishes tu thank the partkipants in that meeting .uwell as othec persons who havecommemed on the basic text. Besides several colleagues at The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomaty, these .includeTheodore C. Achilles, James M. Gavin, Lord Gladwyn, AndrewJ. Goodpaster,Ernest A. Gross, AlfredM.Gruenther,JohnD. Hickerson, Lord Inchyra, George R Kennan, Lyman L. Lemnirzer, Robert A. Lovctr, and Francis 0. Wikox. For any remaining errorsPublished of historical by U.S. Naval fa<:t or War intcr Collegeprerarion, Digital of course,Commons, the author1980 alone is responsible. 7 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 8 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 9 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 10 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 11 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 12 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 13 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 14 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 15 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 16 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 17 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 18 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 19 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 20 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 21 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 22 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 23 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 24 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 25 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 26 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 27 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 28 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 29 Naval War College Review, Vol. 33 [1980], No. 3, Art. 25 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol33/iss3/25 30 War College: May & June 1980 Review Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 1980 31 Naval War College Review, Vol.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • List of Technical Papers
    Program Reports Report Title Copies Number Number 1: Program Prospectus. December 1963. 2 Program Design Report. February 1965. 2 Number 2: Supplement: 1968-1969 Work Program. February 1968. 1 Supplement: 1969-1970 Work Program. May 1969. 0 Number 3: Cost Accounting Manual. February 1965. 1 Number 4: Organizational Manual. February 1965. 2 Guide Plan: Central Offices for the Executive Branch of State Number 5: 2 Government. April1966. XIOX Users Manual for the IBM 7090/7094 Computer. November Number 6: 2 1966. Population Projections for the State of Rhode Island and its Number 7: 2 Municipalities--1970-2000. December 1966. Plan for Recreation, Conservation, and Open Space (Interim Report). Number 8: 2 February 1968. Rhode Island Transit Plan: Future Mass Transit Services and Number 9: 2 Facilities. June 1969. Plan for the Development and Use of Public Water Supplies. Number 10: 1 September 1969. Number 11: Plan for Public Sewerage Facility Development. September 1969. 2 Plan for Recreation, Conservation, and Open Space (Second Interim Number 12: 2 Report). May 1970. Number 13: Historic Preservation Plan. September 1970. 2 Number 14: Plan for Recreation, Conservation, and Open Space. January 1971. 2 Number 15: A Department of Transportation for Rhode Island. March 1971. 2 State Airport System Plan (1970-1990). Revised Summary Report. Number 16: 2 December 1974. Number 17: Westerly Economic Growth Center, Planning Study. February 1973. 1 Plan for Recreation, Conservation, and Open Space--Supplement. June Number 18: 2 1973. Number 19: Rhode Island Transportation Plan--1990. January 1975. 2 Number 20: Solid Waste Management Plan. December 1973. 2 1 Number 21: Report of the Trail Advisory Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN June 1980 REHABILITATION
    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION REGIONAL COMMITTEE FOR THE EM/RC30/10 EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN June 1980 Thirtieth Session ORIGINAL : ENGLISH Agenda item 11 REHABILITATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Definition 1 Rehabilitation: A Team Responsibility The Team Approach Early Intervention Emotional and Social Impact Tradi tinnal Snni a1 Praeti ce Dependence on Institutions Economic Rehabilitation Increasing Demand 1981 - International Year of the Disabled . WHO - UNICEF Intexest WHO/EMRO Activity Conclusion Definition The word rehabilitation originates, according to Webster's Dictionary, from the Latin word "rehabiZiture" meaning "to restore". The wnrd i 4 a composite of the Latin prefix "r>et' meaning "againtt and "hubCZitme" meaning "to make suitable". In other words "b~rehabiZitatel' means to restore a person to a former capacity. The dictionary definition is important as it indicates the necessity of considering rehabilitati.0~as involving the "whole" person, It implies not only the restoratinn nf phyqical deficiencies, but also the retraining of handicapped persons and the provision of the appropriate psycho- logical and social support to repair traumatized mental states. Rehabilitation: A Team Responsibility Formal interest in rehabilitation is a comparatively modern phenomenon. In the past, it mainly concerned the problems of veterans returning from wars; this has led to the present tremendous interest. However, thc importance of rehabilitation tu ir~clus~rialdrvelopmenc Is obvious, when the heavy price in taxes and insurance for failure to absorb disabled persons into the economy is considered. ~ost/benefitstudies have shown that significant savings can be achieved by returning handicapped persons to sheltered or suitable jobs in industry. The Team Approach The full concept of rehabilitation immediately makes us aware that it is not a task for a single individual.
    [Show full text]
  • And Finance 84 Contents 5
    \R I DA-1l\Tl 20081 Public Disclosure Authorized A, Public Disclosure Authorized .~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~9. .;; . , ~ -m Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized WORLDBANK World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 Cover: Construction of schools forms an important component of a $19 million IDA credit to Sri Lanka for the development of irrigated agriculture through diversion of the waters of the country's major river, the Mahaweli Ganga. This photo shows a teacher and part of her class in one of the schools built for the Mahaweli Ganga scheme's colonists. Frontispiece: A worker seen through a cylinder Photo Credits designed for an oil refinery and manufactured by Cover: Ray Witlin Bharat Heavy Electricals, Ltd. of Hyderabad, Frontispiece: Ray Witlin India. A $40 million Bank loan, channeled Page 27: James Pickerell through the Industrial Development Bank of India Page 36: Ray Witlin through.theDevelopment industrial Bank of India Page 41: Peter Muncie to state financial corporations provided the Page 47: Mary M. Hill foreign exchange needed by small and medium- Page 55: William Graham sized industries for the purchase of imported Page 61: Jaime Martin-Escobal capital goods. Page 73: Ray Witlin 3 The World Bank The World Bank is a group of three of the World Bank, and 121 of them have joined institutions, the International Bank for to date. The funds used by IDA, called credits Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), to distinguish them from Bank loans, come the International Development Association mostly in the form of subscriptions, general (IDA), and the International Finance replenishments from IDA's more industrialized Corporation (IFC).
    [Show full text]
  • Jules Borker (Preliminary Ruling Requested by the Conseil De L'ordre Des Avocats À La Cour De Paris)
    ORDER OF THE COURT OF 18 JUNE 1980 1 Jules Borker (preliminary ruling requested by the Conseil de l'Ordre des Avocats à la Cour de Paris) "Reference for a preliminary ruling — Bar Council" Case 138/80 Preliminary rulings — Reference to the Court — National court within the meaning of Art. 177 of the Treaty— Concept (EEC Treaty, Art. 177) A reference cannot be made to the Court Avocats [Bar Council] has before it, not in pursuance of Article 177 of the EEC a case which it is under a legal duty to Treaty except by a court or tribunal try, but a request for a declaration which is called upon to give judgment in relating to a dispute between a member proceedings intended to lead to a of the Bar and the courts or tribunals of decision of a judicial nature. That is not another Member State. the case where a Conseil de l'Ordre des In Case 138/80 (Reference for a preliminary ruling requested by the Conseil de l'Ordre des Avocats à la Cour de Paris) JULES BORKER 1 — Language of the Case: French. 1975 ORDER OF 18. 6. 1980 — CASE 138/80 1. By a decision of 27 May 1980, which was received at the Court on 9 June 1980, the Conseil de l'Ordre des Avocats à la Cour de Paris [Bar Council of the Cour de Paris], referring to Article 177 of the EEC Treaty, submitted to the Court for a preliminary ruling a question on the interpret­ ation of Article 59 et seq.
    [Show full text]
  • Gc(28)/Inf/220
    GC(XXVIII)/INF/220 29 August 1984 International Atomic Energy Agency GENERAL Distr. GENERAL CONFERENCE Original: ENGLISH Item 12 of the provisional agenda (GC(XXVIII)/711) THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON THE PHYSICAL PROTECTION OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL Report of the Director General 1. In October 1983, at its twenty-seventh regular session, the General Conference adopted resolution GC(XXVII)/RES/415, in which it: (a) ex­ pressed the hope that the International Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material would enter into force at the earliest possible date and that it would obtain the widest possible adherence; and (b) requested the Director General to report to the General Conference at its next regular session on the signature and ratification status of the Convention. This report is being submitted to the Conference in response to that request. 2. By 31 August 1984, the Convention had been signed by 37 States and one international organization (EURATOM) and ratified by ten States (see Annex); since the twenty-seventh regular session of the General Conference, the Convention has been signed by Australia and ratified by Bulgaria and Hungary. For the Convention's entry into force 21 ratifications, acceptances or approvals are necessary. 3. On 15 June 1984, the Director General addressed a note verbale (N5.92.21 Circ.) to those Member States which had not yet become parties 84-04002 GC(XXVIII)/INF/ 220 page 2 to the Convention requesting information regarding the action which those Governments might take or were already taking with respect to the Convention. From the replies to the note verbale so far received, it is evident that a number of Governments are taking steps in accordance with their internal laws towards becoming parties to the Convention.
    [Show full text]
  • Manuscript Collection Inventory Illinois History and Lincoln Collections University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
    Manuscript Collection Inventory Illinois History and Lincoln Collections University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Note: Unless otherwise specified, documents and other materials listed on the following pages are available for research at the Illinois Historical and Lincoln Collections, located in the Main Library of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Additional background information about the manuscript collection inventoried is recorded in the Manuscript Collections Database (http://www.library.illinois.edu/ihx/archon/index.php) under the collection title; search by the name listed at the top of the inventory to locate the corresponding collection record in the database. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Illinois History and Lincoln Collections http://www.library.illinois.edu/ihx/index.html phone: (217) 333-1777 email: [email protected] 1 Kendall College Council, North Suburban Teachers Union, Local 1274, American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO. Records, 1969-81. Box 1: Administration 1. Correspondence to Kendall Council, 1976-80 2. Memoranda, 1971-75 3. Memoranda, Jan. to June, 1976 4. Memoranda, July 1976 to June 1980 Bargaining Notes 5. June 1978 (see flat storage) 6. July 1978 to Jan. 1979 7. Jan. 1979 to Mar. 1979 8. Apr. 1979 to Feb. 1980 Board of Trustees 9. Minutes, May 1973 to May 1980 10. Rosters, 1976 Bylaws of Kendall College 11. 1970 Contracts 12. Final Signed Copy 13. Josephine Hayford’s First Copy, Articles I-IX 14. Hayford’s First Copy, Articles X-XVI 15. Hayford’s Second Copy 16. Hayford’s Copies, Additional Material 17. Christina Nemanic’s Copy, Prefatory Enclosures 18. Nemanic’s Copy, Articles I-VIII 19.
    [Show full text]
  • Arneral Assembly Diatr
    UNITED NATIONS arneral Assembly Diatr. GENERAL A/43/605 15 Srgtomter 1988 ORIGINALI ENGLISH Forty-third rresaion Item 94 of the proviaionel agenda* ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN on the of A11.Farmr rLi.rem Rwort of S m Nnud CONTENTS - ma 1 - 10 2 11 - 13 4 Convention -- ..- - * A/43/150, 88-22528 0489i (E) / , I A/43/605 Englirh Page 2 I. IblTIODUCTIO~ 1CI , The General Arrrmbly, by it8 rorolution 34/180 of 111 Daaombor 1919, adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forma of Dirarimination againrt Womrn and opened it for rignaturo , rr:ifiaationor l aaa~8ion~ Sinao 1980, the Aarombly har annually adopted roaolutionr in which it invited or urged all Rater that had not yet done 80 to rip, ratify or aaardo to thr Convention (rrrolutionr 35/140, 361131, 37/64, 35/109, 40/39, 41/100 and 42/60), In aaaordanaa with thovo rorolutiona, the Ioarotary-Gonaral ha8 annually rubmittrd roportr on the rtatu8 of the Convention on th8 Elimination of All Form8 of Dirarimination againrt Women since the thirty-fifth roarion of the Graarrl &88ombly in 1950 (A/35/425, A/36/295 and Add.1, A/37/349 and Add.1, A/30/338, A/39/416, A/40/623, A/41/600 and Add,1 and A/42/627), Sinlao the inaoption of the Committoo on the Elimination of Diacriminntion againat Wornon, th8 A88wnbly ha8 8180 regularly oonridwed the Committee'8 roportr on it8 aativiti88, A/ rubmittod in aaaordanao with article 21 of the Convention, 2, In it8 rrrolutionr SO/130 of 14 Dooombrr 1984, 40/39 of 29 Novombor 1985, 41/108 of 4 Docombor 1966 and 42/60 of 24 lrrbruary
    [Show full text]
  • Résumé, June, 1980, Volume 11, Issue 09 Alumni Association, WWU
    Western Washington University Western CEDAR Western Reports and Résumé Western Publications 6-1980 Résumé, June, 1980, Volume 11, Issue 09 Alumni Association, WWU Follow this and additional works at: https://cedar.wwu.edu/alumni_reports Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Alumni Association, WWU, "Résumé, June, 1980, Volume 11, Issue 09" (1980). Western Reports and Résumé. 181. https://cedar.wwu.edu/alumni_reports/181 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Western Publications at Western CEDAR. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western Reports and Résumé by an authorized administrator of Western CEDAR. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VOL. 11, NO. 9 A Report to Alumni and Other Friends of Western Washington University JUNE. 1980 It was “roll ’em up and look right here time" as Dr. Jerry Flora led local residents on another of his popular heachwalks. This, the first of two walks held in May. drew' appro.ximately WO curious locals to Chuckanut Bay mudflats (south of Bellingham) w here the group explored the fascinating inhabitants of Puget Sound tide pools. As these pictures show', it wasn’t a day for the timid or for those afraid of getting dirty. Flora, with his ever-pre.sent pipe, believes in studying his subjects where they live, not where we do. Though the walks are free, participants were asked for small donations to help fund student e.xpen.ses for planned coral reef studies later this year. sisters and other relative groups. □ Refugee movements, as defined by the United Nations.
    [Show full text]
  • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
    RESTRICTED AGREEMENT ON TAR/W/8/Rev.3 GENERAL 15 October 1981 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Committee on Tariff Concessions IMPLEMENTATION OF MTN CONCESSIONS Note by the Secretariat Revision The following List of dates for the implementation of tariff concessions granted in the Multilateral Trade Negotiations has been compiled on the basis of material available in the secretariat. The list normally indicates the date for the first tariff cut; following cuts would be implemented according to the generaL staging rules in paragraph 2(a) of the Geneva (1979) Protocol and the Supplementary Protocol, unless otherwise indicated. Special staging rules for particular types of products are not indicated but a reference to the Schedule concerned is made, where relevant. The indication "entry into force of bindings" signifies that the concessions became Legally valid on the date indicated but that no reduction was made at that date, the applied rates already being at or below the level of the concession. Governments for which the list indicates that no information is available or that a decision by Parliament on the implementation has not yet been taken are invited to inform the secretariat as soon as possible of their intentions in respect of the implementation. TAR/W/8/ Rev. 3 Page 2 GENEVA (1979) PROTOCOL Date of acceptance Date for the first reduction AUSTRIA 28 December 1979 1 JuLy 1980 (two stages)* ARGENTINA 11 July 1979 1 January 1980 (whoLe reduction) CANADA ? September 1981 1 January 1980* CZECHOSLOVAKIA 16 June 1980 1 July 1980
    [Show full text]
  • GENERAL AGREEMENT on TAR/W/S/Rev.4 TARIFFS and TRADE
    RESTRICTED GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TAR/w/s/Rev.4 -riinii-r-o Anr> rn.nr 17 March 1982 TARIFFS AND TRADE Limited Distribution Committee on Tariff Concessions IMPLEMENTATION OF MTN CONCESSIONS Note by the Secretariat Revision The following list of dates for the implementation of tariff concessions granted in the Multilateral Trade Negotiations has been compiled on the basis of material available in the secretariat. The list normally indicates the date for the first tariff cut; following cuts would be implemented according to the general staging rules in paragraph 2(a) of the Geneva (1979) Protocol and the Supplementary Protocol, unless otherwise indicated. Special staging rules for particular types of products are not indicated but a reference to the Schedule concerned is made, where relevant. The indication "entry into force of bindings" signifies that the concessions became legally valid on the date indicated but that no reduction was made at that date, the applied rates already being at or below the level of the concession. TAR/W/8/Rev.4 Page 2 GENEVA (1979) PROTOCOL Date of acceptance Date for the first reduction AUSTRIA 28 December 1979 July 1980 (two stages)* ARGENTINA 11 July 1979 January 1980 (whole reduction) CANADA 1 September 1981 January 1980* CZECHOSLOVAKIA 16 June 1980 July 1980 (one fourth of total cuts; remaining three fourths on 1.1.82, 1.1.84 and 1.1.86 respectively) EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES 17 December 1979 January 1980* FINLAND 13 March 1980 January 1980* HUNGARY 17 December 1979 January 1980* ICELAND 15 April 1980 January
    [Show full text]
  • Dp-Wgoc-V-Crp4
    FEBRUARY 1980 MEETINGS 11-20 February 1980 TWENTY-SEVENTH SESSION 2-30 June 1980 (for reference, see Official Records of the Economic and Social Council, 1980, Supplement No.12, E/1980/42/Rev. l) No. of decision Title Page 80/1 Limited borrowing from the third cycle 523 80/2 Assistance to Nicaragua 524 80/3 Assistance to Equatorial Guinea 524 80/4 Indicative Planning Figure for Zimbabwe for 1980-1981 525 80/5 United Nations Interim Fund for Science and Technology for Development 525 80/6 Preparations for the third programming 525 cycle 1982-1986 80/7 Third cycle country programming 526 80/8 Role of qualified national personnel in the social 526 and economic development of the developing countries 80/9 Third cycle intercountry programming 527 80/10 Country and intercountry programmes and projects 527 No. of decision Titl_.~e Page 80/11 Comprehensive report to the General Assembly on 528 UNDP and the new international economic order 80/12 Assistance to Nicaragua 529 80/13 United Nations Fund for Population Activities 529 80/14 Relations between UNDP and external institutions 532 80/15 Information on agency regular and extrabudgetary 533 technical co-operation expenditures financed from sources other than UNDP 80116 Programme implementation 533 80/17 Assistance for the rehabilitation and 535 reconstruction of Uganda 80118 Development assistance for food production and 535 rural development 80119 United Nations Capital Development Fund 536 80120 Reports of the Joint Inspection Unit 537 80/21 United Nations Special Fund for Land-locked 537 Developing Countries 80/22 Evaluation 537 80/23 Pre-investment 539 No.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveys of Consumer Attitudes
    JULY 1980 SURVEY July 29, 1980 Co 0 Surveyso fConsume rAttitude s ST Richard T. Curtin, Director zP JULY SURVEY RECORDS SECOND MONTHLY IMPROVEMENT **In the July 1980 survey, the Index of Consumer Sentiment was 62.3, up 3.5 Index points from the June survey, and more than 10 Index points above the all-time record low of 51.7 recorded in May 1980. The recent improvement in consumer sentiment was due to improved evaluations of personal finances and buying conditions. Lower rates of inflation and lower interest rates were responsible for these improvements. **Among families with incomes of $20,000 and over, the Index figure rose to 67.6 in July, from 61.7 in June 1980. This represents the third monthly increase since the record low level of 52.5 was recorded in April 1980. The July 1980 high-income Index figure was nearly identical to the year-earlier reading of 67.2. **Both short and long-term evaluations of personal finances recorded modest improvements in the July 1980 survey. Among all families, 26 percent expected to be better off financially in a year (up from 20 percent a year earlier) and 45 percent expected to be better off financially in five years (up from 38 percent a year earlier). *In July 1980, 25 percent of all respondents expected business conditions to worsen in the year ahead, down from 32 percent in June and 43 percent in July 1979. The proportion who expected conditions to improve has increased to 28 percent in July 1980 from 11 percent in July 1979.
    [Show full text]