DOCSLIB.ORG

Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism Author(S): Henry J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism Author(s): Henry J. Cohn Source: Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 1970), pp. 101-110 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/4466575 Accessed: 17-12-2018 13:36 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Jewish Social Studies This content downloaded from 138.37.66.217 on Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:36:15 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism by Henry J. Cohn On January 5, 1895 Theodor Herzl witnessed the military degradation of Alfred Dreyfus. On May 14, 1895 the city council of Vienna chose as its mayor Karl Lueger, leader of the antisemitic party of United Christians; Austria was plunged into political crisis for over a year, while confirmation of this appointment by the Emperor remained in the balance. About the beginning of May 1895, Herzl was seized by the idea which led him early in June to begin composing his book, The Jewish State, in which he proposed the organized exodus of Jews to an auton- omous territory of their own, not necessarily Palestine. Standard accounts of his sudden conversion to this Zionist solution for the Jewish problem stress the im- mediate shock of the trial and condemnation of Dreyfus, but underestimate the background of virulent antisemitism in Herzl's adopted home town, Vienna. This article seeks to reverse the emphasis in evaluating the tangled skein of motives influencing the founder of Zionism. With very few exceptions, almost any recent book or article which alludes to Herzl's conversion to Zionism, whether it is about Jewish, French, or Austrian history, and whether written by a Jew or a non-Jew, ascribes a leading role to the Dreyfus Affair. All are agreed on its paramount influence; variations occur only in assessing the directness of that influence. Despite the time lag of three months between the degradation of Dreyfus and the beginning of May, when Herzl first drafted a letter seeking an interview with the philanthropist Baron Hirsch for the purpose of outlining the ideas later amplified in The Jewish State, many authors have seen that work as an instant response to Herzl's experience of the Paris crowd baying for the blood of Dreyfus.' Others, while not mentioning the Paris mob, ascribe an immediacy to the impact made on Herzl by the trial of Dreyfus which amounts to a quite similar interpretation.2 1 See, for example, Hannah Arendt, "From the Dreyfus Affair to France Today," in Essays on Antisemitism, ed. by Koppel S. Pinson (2d ed.; New York 1946), p. 213; Josef Patai, Star over Jordan: The Life of Theodor Herzl (New York 1946), p. 56; Arthur Hertzberg, ed., The Zionist Idea: A Reader (New York 1959), p. 202; Norman Bentwich, The Jews in our Time (London 1960), p. 44; James Parkes, A History of the Jewish People (London 1964), p. 184; Barbara Tuchman, The Proud Tower: A Portrait of the World before the War, 1890-1914 (London 1966), p. 184. 2 See, for example, Adolf Boehm, Die Zionistische Bewegung (2 vols.; 2d ed.; Vienna 1935), vol. i, p. 157; Max Grunwald, Vienna (Philadelphia 1936), p. 451; Cecil Roth, A Short History of the Jewish People (3d ed; London 1948), p. 410; Robert F. Byres, Antisemitism in Modern France, vol. i: The Prologue to the Dreyfus Af,air (New Jersey, 1950), p. 99; Malcolm 101 This content downloaded from 138.37.66.217 on Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:36:15 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms 102 JEWISH SOCIAL STUDIES Very few scholars have made qualifications to, or expressed doubts about, this point of view, and their arguments have undeservedly been submerged in the continuing flood of contrary opinions. Alex Bein, author of the standard biography of Herzl, was much more cautious in his formulation than many other writers who afterwards relied on his book; for Bein it is only true in a limited sense that "Herzl could say later that the Dreyfus affair had made him a Zionist": it had caused him to become more deeply conscious of his Jewishness, but the question remained of how he should express that reaction.3 At the time of the first Dreyfus case, Herzl . telegraphed long despatches on the events when they occurred, but no word about Dreyfus appears in his account of how he came to the Zionist idea, when he sought to analyze the process in his diaries only four months after the degradation scene. In truth there was no Dreyfus Affair to impress him in 1895; there was only the arrest and condemnation of an officer who chanced to be a Jew. Observers, Herzl among them, were quick to suspect that Dreyfus was innocent and that nevertheless "the Jew must be burnt." But not until 1896, well after the Jewish State had been written, did evidence of foul play begin to come to light and the anti-Semitic implications unfold. Even though Herzl expressly stated in 1899 that the Dreyfus case had made him a Zionist, it was at best an appropriate myth, a dramatic foreshortening of the facts.4 Such arguments must have even greater force now that Herzl's diaries have for the first time been published in full, in an English translation which contains hundreds Hay, Europe and the Jews (Boston 1960), originally published under the title The Foot of Pride (Boston 1950), pp. 209-10; Ludwig Lewisohn, ed., Theodor Herzl: A Portrait for this Age (Cleveland 1955), p. 52-53; Israel Cohen, Theodor Herzl: Founder of Political Zionism (New York and London 1959), pp. 65-67; The Standard Jewish Encyclopaedia (1959), p. 893; Max I. Dimont, Jews, God and History (New York 1962), p. 397; Leslie Derfler, ed., The Dreyfus Affair: Tragedy of Errors? (Boston 1963), p. ix; Andre Chouraqui, L'Alliance Israelite Universelle et la renaissance juive contemporaine, 1860-1960 (Paris 1965), p. 141; Barnet Litvinoff, The Road to Jerusalem (London 1965), p. 65; Arthur J. May, The Hapsburg Monarchy, 1867-1914 (Cambridge, Mass. 1965), p. 181; Douglas Johnson, France and the Dreyfus Affair (London 1966), p. 224; Friedrich Heer, Gottes erste Liebe: 2000 Jahre Juden- tum und Christentum. Genesis des osterreichischen Katholiken Adolf Hitler (Munich 1967), pp. 202, 231-32; Frank Field, The Last Days of Mankind: Karl Kraus and his Vienna (London 1968), pp. 45, 64; Martin Gilbert, Jewish History Atlas (London 1969), map 60, no. 5. 3 Alex Bein, Theodor Herzl: Biographie (Vienna 1934), p. 190; idem, Theodor Herzl: A Biography, abridged trans. by Maurice Samuel (Philadelphia 1941), pp. 116-17. Josef Fraenkel, "Simon Dubnow and the History of Political Zionism," in Simon Dubnow: The Man and his Work, ed. by Aaron Steinberg (Paris 1963) argued more specifically that "Herzl's statement: 'The Dreyfus affair in Paris, which I witnessed in 1894, turned me into a Zionist' ... really meant . that the Dreyfus affair had been, so to speak, the final link in the chain of events. Herzl's ideas were not suddenly conceived and formulated; they took years to evolve and ripen like fruit on a tree" (pp. 153-54). This statement may also be found in Josef Fraenkel, Dubnow, Herzl and Ahad Ha-am: Political and Cultural Zionism (London 1963), pp. 18-19. See also idem, Theodor Herzl: A Biography (2d ed.; London 1948), pp. 44, 52; Abram L. Sachar, A History of the Jews (4th ed.; New York 1960), p. 353; Howard M. Sachar, The Course of Modern Jewish History (London 1958), p. 270. Carl E. Schorske, "Politics in a New Key: an Austrian Triptych," Journal of Modern History, vol. xxxix (1967), pp. 374-77, stresses the importance of the elections in Vienna for Herzl's change of mind, but also assigns considerable weight to the Dreyfus Affair. 4 Marvin Lowenthal, ed., The Diaries of Theodor Herzl (New York 1956), p. xix; cf. Alex Bein, "Herzl und der Dreyfus-Prozess," Die Stimme (Vienna), Oct. 5, 1934, p. 7. This content downloaded from 138.37.66.217 on Mon, 17 Dec 2018 13:36:15 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms Herzl's Conversion to Zionism 103 of passages, some of them several pages long, which were omitted from the original German edition of 1922-23.5 The starting point for any discussion of the connection between the Dreyfus Affair and Herzl's conversion to Zionism is the frequently cited article on Zionism which he is generally presumed to have published in the North American Review in 1899, although in fact it never appeared in that periodical; the original manu- script has disappeared and a German version was first published in 1920.6 There Herzl wrote: I was turned into a Zionist by the Dreyfus Case. Not the present one in Rennes [August 7 - September 19, 1899], but the original one in Paris, of which I was a witness in 1894.... For the Jews there is no other help and salvation than to return to their own nationhood and settle in their own land and territory. That is what I wrote in my book The Jewish State in 1895 under the shattering impression of the first Dreyfus Case.7 It was understandable for Herzl to write in such terms about the first Dreyfus case while attending the retrial at Rennes; the Dreyfus Affair had meanwhile become a raging political issue and had induced many other Jews to adopt Herzl's Zionist ideals.
Recommended publications
  • Jewish Encyclopedia

    Jewish Encyclopedia

    Jewish Encyclopedia The History, Religion, Literature, And Customs Of The Jewish People From The Earliest Times To The Present Day Volume XII TALMUD – ZWEIFEL New York and London FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY MDCCCCVI ZIONISM: Movement looking toward the segregation of the Jewish people upon a national basis and in a particular home of its own: specifically, the modern form of the movement that seeks for the Jews “a publicly and legally assured home in Palestine,” as initiated by Theodor Herzl in 1896, and since then dominating Jewish history. It seems that the designation, to distinguish the movement from the activity of the Chovevei Zion, was first used by Matthias Acher (Birnbaum) in his paper “Selbstemancipation,” 1886 (see “Ost und West,” 1902, p. 576: Ahad ha – ‘Am, “Al Parashat Derakim,” p. 93, Berlin, 1903). Biblical Basis The idea of a return of the Jews to Palestine has its roots in many passages of Holy Writ. It is an integral part of the doctrine that deals with the Messianic time, as is seen in the constantly recurring expression, “shub shebut” or heshib shebut,” used both of Israel and of Judah (Jer. xxx, 7,1; Ezek. Xxxix. 24; Lam. Ii. 14; Hos. Vi. 11; Joel iv. 1 et al.). The Dispersion was deemed merely temporal: ‘The days come … that … I will bring again the captivity of my people of Israel, and they shall build the waste cities and inhabit them; and they shall plant vineyards, and drink the wine thereof … and I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up out of their land” (Amos ix.
  • Information Issued by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain

    Information Issued by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain

    Vol. XVIII No. 1 January, 1963 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH REFUGEES IN GREAT BRITAIN a FAIRFAX MANSIONS, FINCHLEY RD. (corner Fairfax Rd.), London, N.W.3 Off let and Consulting Houn: Telephone : MAIda Vale 9096.'7 (General Ofhce and Welfare for the Aged) Monday to Tluirsday 10 a.m.—1 p.m. 3—6 p.m. MAIda Vale 4449 (Employment Agency, annually licensed by the L.C.C.. and Social Services Dept.) fridaf 10 ajn.-1 p.m. Or. Rudolf R. Levy against any reference to international jurisdiction, and those who—as did Great Britain, France and Holland—sponsored the appeal to an ii}temational court, whether the Intemational Court of Justice PROTECTION AGAINST GROUP ATROCITIES or a special international high court for deating with acts of genocide. The latter took their stand on the fact that genocide could rarely be com­ The Genocide Convention mitted without the participation and tolerance of the State and therefore it would be, as the repre­ In connection with the neo-Nazi occurrences acceptance of rules applied first only among sentative of the Philippines formulated it, para­ Sir Barnett Janner, M.P., President of the Board of several nations and gradually becoming recognised doxical to leave punishment to the same State. Deputies, initiated a debate in the House of principles of international law." On the other hand, it may safely be assumed that Commons some time ago on the question of Great To avoid difficulties arising from the interpreta­ those who oppose international jurisdiction on Britain's accession to the Genocide Convention, tion of a general concept, a list of acts was given this matter would also not accept the jurisdiction the international agreement against group murder, in Article 2 which fall within the meaning of of a high court of this kind.
  • Fulfillmenttheep008764mbp.Pdf

    Fulfillmenttheep008764mbp.Pdf

    FULFILLMENT ^^^Mi^^if" 41" THhODOR HERZL FULFILLMENT: THE EPIC STORY OF ZIONISM BY RUFUS LEARSI The World Publishing Company CLEVELAND AND NEW YORK Published by The World Publishing Company FIRST EDITION HC 1051 Copyright 1951 by Rufus Learsi All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, except for brief passages included in a review appearing in a newspaper or magazine. Manufactured in the United States of America. Design and Typography by Jos. Trautwein. TO ALBENA my wife, who had no small part in the making of this book be'a-havah rabbah FOREWORD MODERN or political Zionism began in 1897 when Theodor Herzl con- vened the First Zionist Congress and reached its culmination in 1948 when the State of Israel was born. In the half century of its career it rose from a parochial enterprise to a conspicuous place on the inter- national arena. History will be explored in vain for a national effort with roots imbedded in a remoter past or charged with more drama and world significance. Something of its uniqueness and grandeur will, the author hopes, flow out to the reader from the pages of this narrative. As a repository of events this book is not as inclusive as the author would have wished, nor does it make mention of all those who labored gallantly for the Zionist cause across the world and in Pal- estine. Within the compass allotted for this work, only the more significant events could be included, and the author can only crave forgiveness from the actors living and dead whose names have been omitted or whose roles have perhaps been understated.
  • Why Do They Hate Us?--Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict And

    Why Do They Hate Us?--Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict And

    “Why Do They Hate Us/U.S.?” and “Why Do We Hate Them?” Is It Because Of “Their” Islam Or Because Of “Our” Support For Israel? Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict Presentation to the Association of American Geographers, Boston, MA, April 2008, and Bloomington, IN, November 2008 Mohamed Elyassini, PhD, Associate Professor of Geography, Indiana State University 1. “The bonds between the United States and Israel are unbreakable and the commitment of the United States to the security of Israel is ironclad… I and my administration have made the security of Israel a priority. It’s why we’ve increased cooperation between our militaries to unprecedented levels. It’s why we’re making our most advanced technologies available to our Israeli allies. It’s why, despite tough fiscal times, we’ve increased foreign military financing to record levels. And that includes additional support –- beyond regular military aid -– for the Iron Dome anti-rocket system… So make no mistake, we will maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge… You also see our commitment to our shared security in our determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Here in the United States, we’ve imposed the toughest sanctions ever on the Iranian regime… You also see our commitment to Israel’s security in our steadfast opposition to any attempt to de-legitimize the State of Israel. As I said at the United Nations last year, ‘Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,’ and ‘efforts to chip away at Israel’s legitimacy will only be met by the unshakeable opposition of the United States.’ So when the Durban Review Conference advanced anti-Israel sentiment, we withdrew.
  • AMERICAN JEWS and the FLAG of ISRAEL Jonathan D

    AMERICAN JEWS and the FLAG of ISRAEL Jonathan D

    AMERICAN JEWS AND THE FLAG OF ISRAEL Jonathan D. Sarna University Professor Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History Chair, Hornstein Jewish Professional Leadership Program Brandeis University AMERICAN JEWS AND THE FLAG OF ISRAEL Jonathan D. Sarna University Professor Joseph H. and Belle R. Braun Professor of American Jewish History Chair, Hornstein Jewish Professional Leadership Program Brandeis University Boston in the 1890s A community of about 35,000 Jews 170 Hanover Street Address of Zion Hall in Boston’s North End Governor Charlie Baker’s trade mission to Israel, in which Brandeis University President Ron Liebowitz and so many other business and civic leaders are participating, is devoted to strengthening the ties between Massachusetts and the State of Israel. My goal here is to demonstrate that these ties stretch back much farther than generally known. Indeed, they actually precede the first Zionist Congress of 1897, and they embrace not only eco- nomic and ideological ties but even the flag of the State of Israel, which, as we shall see, has significant — if not widely known — connections to Boston and the United States. The Boston Jewish community was small in 1890, but already it was robustly Zionist. A total of about 35,000 Jews lived in the city, the majority of whom were recent immi- grants from Lithuania, where, in Jewish circles, love of Zion was commonplace. In Boston, Zionism faced fewer obstacles than in many other American cities. Boston’s large Irish population loved Ireland, so there was understanding and sympathy for Jews who loved Zion.
  • Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2018

    Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2018

    Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2018–2019 Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2018–2019 oxford centre for hebrew and jewish studies Contents oxford centre for hebrew and jewish studies The Clarendon Institute Walton Street President’s Message 8 Oxford Highlights of the 2018–2019 Academic Year 10 ox1 2hg Tel: 01865 610422 People Email: [email protected] Academic Staff 22 Website: www.ochjs.ac.uk Board of Governors 25 The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a company, limited by Academic Activities of the Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies guarantee, incorporated in England, Registered No. 1109384 (Registered Charity No. 309720). The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a tax-deductible Oxford Seminar in Advanced Jewish Studies: The Mishnah organization within the United States under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue between Christians and Jews in Early Modern Europe Code (Employer Identification number 13–2943469). The Mishnah between Christians and Jews in Early Modern Europe Dr Piet van Boxel and Professor Joanna Weinberg 28 William Wootton’s Version of Mishnah Shabbat and Eruvin (1718) and the Mishneh Torah in England between the Late-seventeenth and the Early-eighteenth Centuries Marcello Cattaneo 29 Imagining the Mishnah Visually: From Wagenseil to Wotton Professor Richard Cohen 30 Rabbi Jacob Abendana, the Author of a Lost Spanish Translation of the Mishnah Professor Yosef Kaplan 32 Guilielmus
  • Annual Report 2016-17

    Annual Report 2016-17

    Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2016–2017 OXFORD CENTRE FOR HEBREW AND JEWISH STUDIES A Recognised Independent Centre of the University of Oxford OXFORD CENTRE FOR HEBREW AND JEWISH STUDIES Clarendon Institute Walton Street Oxford OX1 2HG Tel: 01865 610422 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ochjs.ac.uk The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a company, limited by guarantee, incorporated in England, Registered No. 1109384 (Registered Charity No. 309720). The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a tax-deductible organization within the United States under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (Employer Identification number 13–2943469). Copyright © Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, 2017 All rights reserved ISSN 1368 9096 Front cover illustration: Clarendon Institute Back cover illustration: Early-eighteenth-century tortoiseshell and silver binding, Weisz Collection Edited by Dr Jeremy Schonfield Designed by Tony Kitzinger Printed and bound at the Dorset Press, Dorchester Contents President’s Preface 8 Highlights of the 2016–2017 Academic Year 10 Oxford Seminar in Advanced Jewish Studies Jews, Liberalism, Anti-Semitism: The Dialectics of Inclusion (1780–1950) Jews, Liberalism, Anti-Semitism: The Dialectics of Inclusion (1780–1950) – The Work of the Seminar Professor Abigail Green (University of Oxford) and Professor Simon Levis Sullam (Ca’ Foscari University of Venice) 25 Ambivalent Encounters: Ottoman Jewish Citizenship at the End of Empire Dr Julia Phillips Cohen (Vanderbilt University, Nashville) 26 Third Empire or Third Temple? Interwar Imperial Federalism and the Jewish Question Professor Arie M.
  • Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism Author(S): Henry J. Cohn Source: Jewish Social Studies, Vol

    Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism Author(S): Henry J. Cohn Source: Jewish Social Studies, Vol

    Theodor Herzl's Conversion to Zionism Author(s): Henry J. Cohn Source: Jewish Social Studies, Vol. 32, No. 2 (Apr., 1970), pp. 101-110 Published by: Indiana University Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4466575 Accessed: 27-11-2015 11:51 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Indiana University Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Jewish Social Studies. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.237.165.40 on Fri, 27 Nov 2015 11:51:42 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Theodor Herzl'sConversion to Zionism by Henry J. Cohn On January 5, 1895 Theodor Herzl witnessed the military degradationof Alfred Dreyfus. On May 14, 1895 the city council of Vienna chose as its mayor Karl Lueger, leader of the antisemiticparty of United Christians;Austria was plungedinto political crisis for over a year, while confirmationof this appointment by the Emperorremained in the balance.About the beginningof May 1895, Herzl was seized by the idea which led him early in June to begin composinghis book, The JewishState, in which he proposedthe organizedexodus of Jews to an auton- omous territoryof their own, not necessarilyPalestine.
  • Dents. the Jewish People Throughout the Worl

    Dents. the Jewish People Throughout the Worl

    THE YEAR 55 THE YEAE 5669 BY ALBERT M. FMEDENBERG The past year has been without any great noteworthy inci- dents. The Jewish people throughout the world have moved along in their different lines of progress, and no single event can be seized upon as indicating most important consequences for them. Even in Russia no new manifestations of anti- Semitism were developed during this year. It is the quiet of the grave, however. The oppression of the Jews by the offi- cial class and its continued repression of all that would tend to alleviate Eusso-Jewish misery were in accord with what has been done in these directions in previous years. For the world at large, of course, one great event took place during the past year. The Turkish Eevolution has had a successful out- come, and the consequences of this for the Jews, and especially for the Zionist movement, are very likely to be momentous. At this writing these cannot be indicated with any definite- ness. The year was marked, too, by a number of important an- niversaries and by the demise of many, forming a large roll of prominent Jewish public men. THE UNITED STATES IMMIGRATION.—No serious attempt was made in the period under review to enact restrictive legislation, and a distinct improvement in the regulations affecting the transit through Germany of Eussian emigrants may be noted. Robert 56 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK Watchorn, the efficient and liberal Commissioner of Immi- gration at Ellis Island, resigned shortly after President Taft assumed office, and was succeeded by William Williams, his predecessor at the post.
  • Genesis and Prospect of the Palestine-Israel Conflict: from the Jewish Question in Europe to the Jewish State in Palestine and the Jewish Lobby in America

    Genesis and Prospect of the Palestine-Israel Conflict: from the Jewish Question in Europe to the Jewish State in Palestine and the Jewish Lobby in America

    Book Draft in Progress Genesis and Prospect of the Palestine-Israel Conflict: From the Jewish Question in Europe to the Jewish State in Palestine and the Jewish Lobby in America Dr. Mohamed Elmey Elyassini U.S. Fulbright Scholar 2011-2012 Associate Professor of Geography Department of Earth & Environmental Systems Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana, USA Email: [email protected] URL: https://www.indstate.edu/cas/faculty/melyassini 1 Book Draft in Progress To all dead, living, and unborn victims of Zionism and the State of Israel 2 Book Draft in Progress Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface The Jewish Question in Europe 1. Introduction to the Jewish Question 2. The Non-Jewish Origin of Zionism 3. The Non-Herzlian Genesis of Herzlian Zionism The Jewish State in Palestine 4. The Non-Semitic Origins of Contemporary Jews 5. The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine by Jewish Settlers since 1948 6. The Non-Zionist Future of Palestine The Jewish Lobby in America 7. What is the Jewish Lobby in the United States? 8. Branches of the Jewish Lobby in the United States 9. The Jewish Lobby at Work 10. Why Does America Support Israeli Jews who do not believe in Jesus against Palestinian Muslims and Christians who do believe in Jesus? Endnotes Chronology of Key Dates Maps Bibliography Index 3 Book Draft in Progress Acknowledgements While the acknowledgements section of a book praises the efforts of those who contributed to the work, it sometimes ought to denounce the efforts of those who tried to undermine the work. The central argument of this book was outlined in six conference presentations to the annual meetings of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) between 2002 and 2008.
  • Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2015–2016

    Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2015–2016

    Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2015–2016 Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2017–2018 Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2017–2018 oxford centre for hebrew and jewish studies oxford centre for hebrew and jewish studies The Clarendon Institute Walton Street Oxford ox1 2hg Tel: 01865 610422 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ochjs.ac.uk The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a company, limited by guarantee, incorporated in England, Registered No. 1109384 (Registered Charity No. 309720). The Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies is a tax-deductible organization within the United States under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code (Employer Identification number 13–2943469). Copyright © Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, 2018 All rights reserved issn 1368 9096 Front cover illustration: Clarendon Institute Edited by Dr Jeremy Schonfield Designed by Tony Kitzinger Printed and bound at the Dorset Press, Dorchester Contents President’s Message 8 Highlights of the 2017–2018 Academic Year 10 People 19 Academic Staff 20 Board of Governors 23 Academic Activities of the Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies Oxford Seminar in Advanced Jewish Studies: Greek Expanded, Greek Transformed: The Vocabulary of the Septuagint and the Cultural World of the Translators The Vocabulary of the Septuagint and the Cultural World of the Translators Professor Jan Joosten and Professor Teresa Morgan
  • The Experience and Emigration of Soviet Union Jews: 1970-2000

    The Experience and Emigration of Soviet Union Jews: 1970-2000

    Pictured: Dmitry, Michael, and Larisa Beinus on August 31, 1974, in Saint Petersburg, a year before they immigrated to the United States. The Experience and Emigration of Soviet Union Jews: 1970-2000 Rachel Beinus Senior Thesis, Department of History Barnard College, Columbia University New York, NY April 8, 2021 Beinus 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments…………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………..4 Chapter 1: What Was the Soviet Jewish Experience?……………………………………………..8 Chapter 2: Let My People Go: The Emergence of a “Third Wave”……………………………..26 Chapter 3: The Soviet Union’s Collapse: The Mass Jewish Exodus of the 1990s………………39 Conclusion ...…………………………………………………………………………………….50 Bibliography ...…………………………………………………………………………………..53 Beinus 3 Acknowledgments To my thesis advisor, Professor Kaye, thank you for guiding me through the writing process. In one of my supplemental essays for my Barnard application, I wrote about wanting to one day write about my family’s history. Your patience, motivation, and feedback helped me to put together a thesis that accomplished a long-time goal of mine. To my history major companions, but also my friends outside the classroom–Alexa, Aminah, and Erin–what a journey it has been to put our theses together while on Zoom. I will forever not only have great memories of walking to class and stressing about assignments together but also logging onto Zoom and seeing your lovely faces on my screen. To my other amazing friends–Akshita, Alex, George, Makaria, and Zoe–thank you for listening to me talk about my thesis and being such a great support system for me while I was writing this. You all have made my senior year special despite the unfortunate circumstances.