A Mineralogical Perspective on the Apatite in Bone
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Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Wood Cutting Permit
CITY OF CRETE DEPARTMENTS OF PUBLIC WORKS • Permit to enter City property for purposes of woodcutting and wood hauling Conditions: 1. A valid permit is required to enter City property for purposes of cutting and hauling wood. 2. Permit is valid only for the undersigned as listed. 3. Permit only valid during the hours between 8:00 am to 8:00 pm Monday through Saturday and 10:00 am to 8:00 pm on Sunday. 4. City personnel will not aid or assist in cutting or loading. 5. Each permit holder is responsible for their own personal safety. The City of Crete assumes no responsibility or liability for permit holder or accompanying parties in case of accidents. 6. Permit holders are expected to be courteous of others. The City reserves the right to expel permit holders for any reason. 7. This wood is for individual personal use only. No resale for profit or commercial use is allowed. 8. By signing below, applicant agrees to all terms as listed above. Applicant will also read and sign the release statement accompanying this permit for permit to be valid. 9. This permit is valid from January 1 to December 31. 10.$10.00 fee charged to residents outside of City Limits. Name: _____________________________________________________________________ License number of vehicle/and trailer to be used: ___________________________________ Date permit issued: ___________________________________________________________ Signature of applicant: _________________________________________________________ Issued by: _____ City of Crete ! Departments of Public Works ! 243 -
Kosnarite Kzr2(PO4)3 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Kosnarite KZr2(PO4)3 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal, pseudocubic. Point Group: 32/m. As rhombohedral pseudocubic crystals, to 0.9 mm, with {1012} and tiny {0001}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: Perfect on {1012}. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4.5 D(meas.) = 3.194(2) D(calc.) = 3.206 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale blue to blue-green, bluish gray, nearly colorless. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+). ω = 1.656(2) = 1.682(2) Cell Data: Space Group: R3c. a = 8.687(2) c = 23.877(7) Z = 6 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mt. Mica, Maine, USA. 4.329 (100), 3.806 (90), 2.928 (90), 6.41 (50), 4.679 (50), 2.502 (50), 1.903 (45) Chemistry: (1) (2) (3) P2O5 43.3 42.2 42.04 ZrO2 44.5 47.9 48.66 HfO2 0.5 0.9 FeO 0.2 < 0.1 MnO 1.0 < 0.1 Na2O 1.4 < 0.1 K2O 8.7 9.25 9.30 Rb2O 0.25 0.2 F 0.20 0.2 −O=F2 0.08 0.08 Total 99.97 100.57 100.00 (1) Mt. Mica, Maine, USA; by electron microprobe, total Fe as FeO, total Mn as MnO; corresponds to (K0.93Na0.08Rb0.01)Σ=1.02(Zr1.81Na0.15Mn0.07Fe0.01Hf0.01)Σ=2.05 [P1.02(O3.98F0.02)Σ=4.00]3. (2) Black Mountain, Maine, USA; by electron microprobe, total Fe as FeO, total Mn as MnO; corresponds to (K0.99Rb0.01)Σ=1.00(Zr1.96Hf0.02)Σ=1.98 [P1.00(O3.98F0.02)Σ=4.00]3. -
Hand-Arm Vibration in the Aetiology of Hearing Loss in Lumberjacks
British Journal of Industrial Medicine 1981 ;38 :281-289 Hand-arm vibration in the aetiology of hearing loss in lumberjacks I PYYKKO,l J STARCK,2 M FARKKILA,l M HOIKKALA,2 0 KORHONEN,2 AND M NURMINEN2 From the Institute ofPhysiology,' University of Helsinki, and the Institute of Occupational Health,2 Helsinki, Finland ABSTRACT A longitudinal study of hearing loss was conducted among a group of lumberjacks in the years 1972 and 1974-8. The number of subjects increased from 72 in 1972 to 203 in 1978. They were classified according to (1) a history of vibration-induced white finger (VWF), (2) age, (3) duration of exposure, and (4) duration of ear muff usage. The hearing level at 4000 Hz was used to indicate the noise-induced permanent threshold shift (NIPTS). The lumberjacks were exposed, at their present pace of work, to noise, Leq values 96-103 dB(A), and to the vibration of a chain saw (linear acceleration 30-70 ms-2). The chain saws of the early 1960s were more hazardous, with the average noise level of 111 dB(A) and a variation acceleration of 60-180 ms2. When classified on the basis of age, the lumberjacks with VWF had about a 10 dB greater NIPTS than subjects without VWF. NIPTS increased with the duration of exposure to chain saw noise, but with equal noise exposure the NIPTS was about 10 dB greater in lumberjacks with VWF than without VWF. With the same duration of ear protection the lumberjacks with VWF consistently had about a 10 dB greater NIPTS than those without VWF. -
Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota
Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-B Geology of the Hugo Pegmatite Keystone, South Dakota By J. J. NORTON, L. R. PAGE, and D. A. BROBST PEGMATITES AND OTHER PRECAMBRIAN ROCKS IN THE SOUTHERN BLACK HILLS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 297-P A detailed structural and petrologic study of a pegmatite containing seven zones and two replacement bodies UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1962 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract.. _ ________________________________________ 49 Mineral distribution and paragenesis of the entire Introduction. ______________________________________ 49 pegmatite_ _ ______________________-___---------_ 96 General geology. ___________________________________ 52 Comparison of the zonal sequence with that in other Metamorphic rocks_ ____________________________ 52 pegmatites. ______________________________________ 97 Roy and Monte Carlo pegmatites.- _ __---__-______ 53 Replacement features-______________________________ 100 Structure __________________________________________ 53 Review of the evidence for replacement in pegma Pegmatite units ____________________________________ 53 tites __ _____________________________________ 100 Zone 1 : Albite-quartz-musco vite pegmatite ________ 56 Replacement in the Hugo pegmatite.____-_____-_- 102 -
MINERALIZATION in the GOLD HILL MINING DISTRICT, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH by H
MINERALIZATION IN THE GOLD HILL MINING DISTRICT, TOOELE COUNTY, UTAH by H. M. EI-Shatoury and J. A. Whelan UTAH GEOLOGICAL AND MINERALOGIC~4L SURVEY affiliated with THE COLLEGE OF MINES AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES University of Utah~ Salt Lake City~ Utah Bulletin 83 Price $2.25 March 1970 CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT. • • . • . • . • . • • . • . • . • • • . • • . • . • .. 5 INTRODUCTION 5 GENERAL GEOLOGY. .. 7 ECONOMIC GEOLOGY. 7 Contact Metasomatic Deposits. 11 Veins. • . 11 Quartz-Carbonate-Adularia Veins 11 Quartz Veins . 15 Calcite Veins. 15 Replacement Deposits . 15 Replacement Deposits in the Ochre Mountain Limestone 15 Replacement Deposits in the Quartz Monzonite 17 HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION. 17 Alteration of Quartz Monzonite. • 17 Alteration of Limestones. 22 Alteration of the Manning Canyon Formation 23 Alteration of the Quartzite. 23 Alteration of Volcanic Rocks. 23 Alteration of Dike Rocks. 23 Alteration of Quartz-Carbonate Veins . 23 OXIDATION OF ORES. 23 Oxidation of the Copper-Lead-Arsenic-Zinc Replacement Deposits 24 Oxidation of Tungsten and Molybdenum Deposits. 24 Oxidation of the Lead-Zinc Deposits 25 MINERALOGY. 25 CONTROLS OF MINERAL LOCALIZATION 25 ZONAL ARRANGEMENT OF ORE DEPOSITS. 25 GENESIS OF ORE DEPOSITS. 29 DESCRIPTION OF PROPERTIES. 29 The Alvarado Mine. 29 The Cane Spring Mine 30 The Bonnemort Mine 32 The Rube Gold Mine . 32 The Frankie Mine 32 The Yellow Hammer Mine 33 The Rube Lead Mine . 34 FUTURE OF THE DISTRICT AND RECOMMENDATIONS. .. 34 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. .. 36 REFERENCES. • . .. 36 2 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Frontis piece Figure I. Index map showing location and accessibility to the Gold Hill mining district, Utah . 4 2. Geologic map of Rodenhouse Wash area, showing occurrence of berylliferous quartz-carbonate-adularia veins and sample locations. -
New Season of Hgtv's Hit Series 'Good Bones
NEW SEASON OF HGTV’S HIT SERIES ‘GOOD BONES’ SPOTLIGHTS DRAMATIC HOME RENOVATIONS AND FOLLOWS MINA STARSIAK HAWK’S IVF JOURNEY New Episodes Premiere Tuesday, June 9, at 9 p.m. ET/PT New York [May 12, 2020] Crumbling roofs, bug-infested walls and rotted floors are no match for HGTV’s popular mother/daughter duo Mina Starsiak Hawk and Karen E Laine in the new season of HGTV’s Good Bones, premiering Tuesday, June 9, at 9 p.m. ET/PT. In the series, which attracted more than 17.4 million total viewers in its last season, cameras follow Mina, a real estate agent and soon-to-be mom of two, and Karen, a lawyer, as they buy the most dilapidated properties in their favorite Indianapolis neighborhoods, demo them down to the studs and completely transform them into gorgeous, functional family homes. This season also spotlights very personal moments for both mother and daughter—Mina shares her emotional IVF journey that results in her second pregnancy while Karen announces she is retiring from the day-to-day operations of the family renovation business. “It’s been a very busy year renovating homes, opening our new storefront, navigating Mom’s retirement and dealing with the roller coaster of trying to get pregnant, all while raising a toddler,” said Mina. “I’m excited to share every step with our fans.” “I decided it was the right time to retire from our business, but I’ll still be renovating homes with Mina in the city we love,” said Karen. “The properties in this season are some of the best we’ve ever found.” In the premiere episode, Mina and Karen buy their most expensive house to date—a bungalow in the trendy Fountain Square neighborhood that needs serious updates. -
Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review
materials Review Hydroxyapatite and Fluorapatite in Conservative Dentistry and Oral Implantology—A Review Kamil Pajor, Lukasz Pajchel and Joanna Kolmas * Analytical Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy with Laboratory Medicine Division, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 29 July 2019; Accepted: 20 August 2019; Published: 22 August 2019 Abstract: Calcium phosphate, due to its similarity to the inorganic fraction of mineralized tissues, has played a key role in many areas of medicine, in particular, regenerative medicine and orthopedics. It has also found application in conservative dentistry and dental surgery, in particular, as components of toothpaste and mouth rinse, coatings of dental implants, cements, and bone substitute materials for the restoration of cavities in maxillofacial surgery. In dental applications, the most important role is played by hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite, i.e., calcium phosphates characterized by the highest chemical stability and very low solubility. This paper presents the role of both apatites in dentistry and a review of recent achievements in the field of the application of these materials. Keywords: hydroxyapatite; fluorapatite; dentistry; calcium phosphates 1. Introduction In recent decades, one has been able to observe huge progress in the field of dentistry. This results not only from the development of dental techniques and methods of therapy but also from significant developments in biomaterial engineering. The science of biomaterials is constantly increasing due to innovative modifications of already known materials or completely new biomaterials for applications in dentistry. Biodegradable polymers, bioactive ceramics, bioglass or metals covered with a layer of material facilitating osseointegration and, above all, composite materials are the main directions in the development of dental biomaterials [1–4]. -
Palynology of Badger Coprolites from Central Spain
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 226 (2005) 259–271 www.elsevier.com/locate/palaeo Palynology of badger coprolites from central Spain J.S. Carrio´n a,*, G. Gil b, E. Rodrı´guez a, N. Fuentes a, M. Garcı´a-Anto´n b, A. Arribas c aDepartamento de Biologı´a Vegetal (Bota´nica), Facultad de Biologı´a, 30100 Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, Spain bDepartamento de Biologı´a (Bota´nica), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Auto´noma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain cMuseo Geominero, Instituto Geolo´gico y Minero de Espan˜a, Rı´os Rosas 23, 28003 Madrid, Spain Received 21 January 2005; received in revised form 14 May 2005; accepted 23 May 2005 Abstract This paper presents pollen analysis of badger coprolites from Cueva de los Torrejones, central Spain. Eleven of fourteen coprolite specimens showed good pollen preservation, acceptable pollen concentration, and diversity of both arboreal and herbaceous taxa, together with a number of non-pollen palynomorph types, especially fungal spores. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the coprolite collection derives from badger colonies that established setts and latrines inside the cavern over the last three centuries. The coprolite pollen record depicts a mosaic, anthropogenic landscape very similar to the present-day, comprising pine forests, Quercus-dominated formations, woodland patches with Juniperus thurifera, and a Cistaceae- dominated understorey with heliophytes and nitrophilous assemblages. Although influential, dietary behavior of the badgers does not preclude palaeoenvironmental -
Evaluation of a Fluorapatite-Spinel Ceramic As a Bone Implant Denginur Aksaci Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1981 Evaluation of a fluorapatite-spinel ceramic as a bone implant Denginur Aksaci Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Materials Science and Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Aksaci, Denginur, "Evaluation of a fluorapatite-spinel ceramic as a bone implant " (1981). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 6961. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/6961 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to ubtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. -
Phosphorus-From Discovery to Commodity
Indian Journal of Chemical Technology Vol. 12, January 2005, pp. 108-122 Phosphorus-From discovery to commodity Jaime Wisniak* Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 84105 Phosphorus is nearly the most widely and evenly distributed element on the surface of the earth, and probably the most subdivided. From a laboratory curiosity in the seventeeth century, it became recognized as a fundamental element of life and a large chemical commodity, improving agriculture and industry like very few other discoveries by men have done. Discovery of phosphorus nor the phenomenon was really new. Organic Mankind has been aware of luminiscent phosphorescent materials were known to Aristotle, phenomena for thousands of years; they are and a lithophosphorus was the subject of a book mentioned in different mythology and in the Bible. published in 1640, based on a discovery made by a Glowworms and fireflies, and the luminescent shoemaker, Vicenzo Casciarol, on Mons Padernus, organisms in sea water or on decaying fish and wood near Bologna in 16303. Casciarol claimed that the were long familiar sights and attracted the curiosity of stone was so heavy that he thought it contained a men. The Greeks called the planet Venus by the name heavy metal and that after it had been calcined in Phosphorus (morning star, from the Greek φϖζ = charcoal fire and cooled, it glowed in the darkness light + φερω = to bear), because it was visible before with a reddish light. The stone was called sunrise and after sundown. Venus took the name litheosphorus and also Bologna stone or lapis phosphorus in the morning and Hesperus in the bononiensis. -
ADA Fluoridation Facts 2018
Fluoridation Facts Dedication This 2018 edition of Fluoridation Facts is dedicated to Dr. Ernest Newbrun, respected researcher, esteemed educator, inspiring mentor and tireless advocate for community water fluoridation. About Fluoridation Facts Fluoridation Facts contains answers to frequently asked questions regarding community water fluoridation. A number of these questions are responses to myths and misconceptions advanced by a small faction opposed to water fluoridation. The answers to the questions that appear in Fluoridation Facts are based on generally accepted, peer-reviewed, scientific evidence. They are offered to assist policy makers and the general public in making informed decisions. The answers are supported by over 400 credible scientific articles, as referenced within the document. It is hoped that decision makers will make sound choices based on this body of generally accepted, peer-reviewed science. Acknowledgments This publication was developed by the National Fluoridation Advisory Committee (NFAC) of the American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Advocacy for Access and Prevention (CAAP). NFAC members participating in the development of the publication included Valerie Peckosh, DMD, chair; Robert Crawford, DDS; Jay Kumar, DDS, MPH; Steven Levy, DDS, MPH; E. Angeles Martinez Mier, DDS, MSD, PhD; Howard Pollick, BDS, MPH; Brittany Seymour, DDS, MPH and Leon Stanislav, DDS. Principal CAAP staff contributions to this edition of Fluoridation Facts were made by: Jane S. McGinley, RDH, MBA, Manager, Fluoridation and Preventive Health Activities; Sharon (Sharee) R. Clough, RDH, MS Ed Manager, Preventive Health Activities and Carlos Jones, Coordinator, Action for Dental Health. Other significant staff contributors included Paul O’Connor, Senior Legislative Liaison, Department of State Government Affairs.