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Ortu Ume.Riku Ülkelerinde I§Lum Ve Mü§Lümonlu R

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Ortu Ume.Riku Ülkelerinde I§Lum Ve Mü§Lümonlu R ortu ume.riku ülkelerinde i§lum ve mü§lümonlu_r HALİD SELMAN u çalışmanın amacı; Orta Amerika ülkeleri ile B İslam'a ilgi gösteren Türkiye'li insanlar arasın­ da köprü kurarak yeni dostluklara ve paylaşımı ara vesile olmaktır. Küreselleşen dünya artık küçüldü ve gere~ Türkiye'den bu ülkelere ve gerekse bu ül• kelerden Türkiye'ye değişik vesilelerle ziyaretler yapılmaktadır. Eğer ziyaret öncesi iletişim bilgileri­ ne sahip olursak ve onlarla iletişim kurarsak daha verimli bir seyahat yapmış oluruz. Ayrıca bu bilgiler Türkiye ile bu ülkeler arasındaki ticaretin gelişme­ sine de yardımcı olabilir. Ame~ka kıtasının Orta Amerika Bölgesinde Belize, El Salvador, Guatemala, Hooduras, Kosta Rika, Ni­ karagua ve Panama olmak üzere 7 ülke bulurımakta­ dır. Dünyanın her yerinde olduğu gibi bu ülkelerde de müslümanlar bulurımaktadır. Bu ülkelere müslü• maniann ne zaman geldiği ve tarihi serüvenleri, han­ gi İslami kuruluşlara sahip olduklan, onlann adres­ leri ile diğer iletişim bilgileri ve yürüttükleri faali­ yetler bu çalışmaruo kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Orta Amerika ülkelerinde İslam ve müslümanlar hakkında internetten başlayan bilgi taraması sooucu ulaşılan email adresleri ile bu ülkelerdeki müslüman• hile düzenlediler. Allah da (buna karşılık) bir düzen lada yazışmalar başladı. Her ülkeden temas kurulan kurdu. Allah, düzen kurucuların en hayırlısıdır." (3- İslami kuruluş yetkililerinden internetten elde edilen 54) ve "Doğrusu onlar, hileli bir düzen planlayıp ku­ bilgiler kontrol edildi ve günümüzdeki durumları ruyorlar; Ben de bir düzen kurup hazırlamaktayırrı" hakkında gönderilen bilgilerden yararlanıldı. (85-15, 16) ayetlerinin bir teceilisi olarak onların is­ lam aleyhindeki kampanyalannı boşa çıkarmasıdır. 1500'lü yıllarda İspanyollar tarafından Afrikadan esir alınarak köle olarak getirilen müslümanlar bu Belize'de İslam ve Müslümanlar bölgeye gelen ilk müslümanlardır. Daha sonra birin­ Genel Bilgiler ci dünya savaşı sonrası özellikle orta doğu ve uzak doğudan çok sayıda müslüman bu bölgelere göç et­ Belize; 22.966 km2 alana ve 294.384 (2007) nüfusa mişlerdir. Ancak bu gelenlerin birçoğu kimliklerini sahip bir Orta Amerika ülkesidir. Başkenti Belmo­ kaybederek . hristiyanlaşmışlardır. Mevcut müslü• pan şehridir. Belize'nin eski ismi İngiliz Hondurası­ manlar, müslüman ailede dünyaya gözlerini açtıkla­ dır. 21 Eylül188l yılında İngiltere'den elde etmiştir n için müslüman olanlar ve başka bir dine mensup ancak halen Kraliçe Elizabeth'in valisi bulunmakta­ iken İslam'ı seçenler olmak üzere iki gruba aynl­ dır. İngiliz milletler topluluğu üyesidir. Pariementer maktadırlar. Müslüman ailede dünyaya geldikleri demokrasi ile yönetilmektedir. En büyük şehirleri Belize (52.600) ve Belmopan (8.700) şehirleridir. Resmi dili ingilizce olmakla beraber ispanyolca, NHisBô.Dmaıııı aıöftede dünyaya geDdHderü ôıçôıııı Mayan, Garifuna ve Creole dilleri de konuşulmakta­ mliiısüümallil oOaınUaır !Onı:Oeıre fazUa ya!Oallilcn dır. Para birimi Belize dolarıdır. Nüfusun %48'i Me­ ırlleğü8Deır. OsBarn (;Oğırafyasmda~-d anUedeıııı geBellil lez, %24'ü Creole, %10.6 Mayan, %6.1 Garifuna ve ge~ell1!e~.(se~ müsüıihıınaıııı~aıırBa beırıızer ~{aırekieır~ere %9.7 diğer etnik kökenlidir. Okuma yazma oranı sahnpinır&eır. Allil<r:aE< lb>wı ıüUkeHeırdekü ösBaırnü %94 olan Belize'de %50 Katolik, %27 Protestan ve &ıııııra.sDwışDarrm oDn.ıışmasnırııda geDellilef(§eB kalanı da diğer dinlerden oluşmaktadır. 1998 yılı ve­ ımuüıs8Mmal!il0arrnll1l E"OGrui !Oliiıymciliiır. Başfo<a bnli' dnınıe rilerine göre 2794 dolayında müslümanın yaşadığı meırıısi!.!Ip nf{:ellil özeDOiDde .Avrrıuıpa ve AmeriH,a'daEd Belize'de müslümaniann oranı %1'dir. Kişi başına Ülli!Ôıteli'§nte eğnanmBerrö snli·asmai!a müsUümailll oDaını milli geliri 6.800 dolar olan Belize'de enflasyon ise eğô~üııınıBö mıüısOliiımaırııDaır ve yeırBn ['i!aDfrtaırıı nsDamo %3.8'dir. Guarnetala 1991 yılında Belize'nin bağım­ seçeınıBer dallııa ardnf 1faaDiyei gösieırmektedn&·Ueır. sızlığını tanımasına rağmen halen Belize topraklan­ nın bir kısmının Guatemala'ya ait olduğunu iddia et­ için müslüman olanlar bizlere fazla yabancı değiller. mektedir. Belize İslam Toplumu yayınladığı bildiri İslam coğrafyasındaki aileden gelen geleneksel ile Belize'nin bağımsızlığım koruma konusunda Be­ müslümanlada benzer karekterlere sahiptirler. An­ lize halkı ile birlikte olduğunu ilan etmiştir. cak bu ülkelerdeki İslami kuruluşların oluşmasında İslam Tarihi ve Müslümanların Bugünki Durumu geleneksel müslümaİıların rolü büyüktür. Başka bir Belize İslam Misyonu 40 yıl önce kuruldu ve Beli­ dine mensup iken özellikle Avrupa ve Amerika'daki ze'de kurulan ilk İslami teşkilattır. 1978 yılında Be­ üniversite eğitimleri sırasında müslüman olan eği­ lize hükümeti tarafından müslümanları hükümet timli müslümanlar ve yerli halktan İslam'ı seçenler nezdinde temsil eden bir teşkilat olarak tamndı. İma­ daha aktif faaliyet göstermektedirler. mı ve yönetim komitesi başkanı imam Kaleem El­ Panama'dan Prof. Dr. Abdulkhabeer Muhammed, Amin olup Belize İslam Misyonunun İslam Merkezi Ekvator'dan Yahya Juan Squillo, Kostarika'dan Ras­ hem caO+ii hemde İslam okulu olarak· kullanılmakta­ hida Jeny Torr.es bu aktif müslümanlardan sadece bir­ dır. 1978 yılında Belize hükümeti tarafından ilkokul kaç tanesidir. Bu ülkelerdeki İslami faaliyetler gay­ düzeyinde İslami derslerin verilmesine izin verildi. retli müslümanlarca arttıkca yerli halktan İslam'a ge­ 1991 yılında okul genişletildi ve ortaokul seviyesin­ çenlerin sayısı da artmaktadır. ll Eylül sonrası İslam de de eğitiın verilmektedir. Müteveli heyeti tarafın­ aleyhine başlatılan kampanya, ABD'de olduğu gibi dan yönetilen okulda bir müdür, 15 öğretmen ve 360 Orta Amerika ülkelerinde de yerli halktan İslam' a öğrenci bulunmaktadır. Öğretmenierin maaşlan hü• geçenlerin sayısını artırmıştır. Bu durum, "'Onlar ise kümet tarafından verilmektedir. Ders proğramı da 96 ESKiYENI ILKBAHAR 2008 SAYI 9 hükümet tarafından onaylanmaktadır. Mütevelli he­ 1821 yılında Orta Amerika Federasyonuna dahil yeti ise yönetim, fiziksel alt yapı~ personel alımı ve olan El Salvador, 183 8 yılında federasyonun dağıl­ dini proğramdan sorumludur. [ masından sonra bağımsızlığını ilan etti ancak birçok savaş ve darbelere maruz kaldı. 1931-1979 arasında Belize İslam Misyonunun Kırs~l Proje Geliştinne diktatörlükle yönetildL 1969 yılında Honduras tara­ Komitesi tarafından 1987 yılında hazırlanan bir pro­ fından birkaç bin Salvaderlu arazi sahibinin sınır dı­ jeyle hükümetten 1400 dekar arazi kiralandı ve ora­ şı edilmesine tepki olarak, iki ülke arasında yapılan da organik çiftçilik, İslami usullere göre bayvan ke­ futbol maçı devam ederken EL Salvador Honduras'ı simi, eko turizm yapılmaktadır ve İslam okulunun işgal etti. Futbol savaşı olarak adlandınlan bu savaş­ kısmı İslam kurulması ortaokul ile bir üniversitesi ta 5000 kişi öldürüldü. Amerika Ülkeleri Teşkilatı planlanmaktadır. Sünni ve Şii olarak iki gruba ayrı­ tarafından ambargo tehditleri ile El Salvador geri çe• lan dünya müslümanlarının aksine Belize'de müslü• kilmek zorunda kaldı. manlar tek bir cemaat halindedirler. Cuma namazla­ İs l am Tarihi ve Müslüm a nların Bugünki Durumu nnı hep birlikte kılmaktadırlar. El Salvador'da küçük bir İslam toplumu bulunmak­ Belize 'de irtibat kurulabilecek İslami kuruluşlar ve tadır. Lübnan ve Filistin kökenli Arab ve Türk göç• sahibi müslüman olan işletmeler menler çoğunlukla lıristiyandırlar. Arab ve Salvador Belize İs l am Misyonu: Jslamic Mission (Muslim İslam Merkezine ait San Salvador ve la Luz'da (Nur Commımity oj) Be/ize, Comer Fabers Road and Cen­ Camii) şehirlerinde camiiler bulunmaktadır. Aynca tralAmerican Boulevard; P. O. Box 745, Belize City, Fatımatüz Zelıra İslam kü"tüphanesi tarafından orga­ BELIZE. Tel: (501) 207-3934, Faks: (501) 205- nize edilen küçük bir Şii İslam Merkezi de bulun­ 2291, E-mail: [email protected], web si­ maktadır. Orta Amerika'da ilk İslami dergi bu mer­ tesi: www.belize-guatemala.gov.bzl supportl isla­ kez tarafından yayınlanmaktadtr. mic.htrn. El Salvador 'da iı·tibat kurulabilecek İslami kuruluş­ İs l am Toplumu: /slamic Community, Coconut Dr lar ve salıibi miisliiman olan işletmeler ' san pedro town, Ambergris Cay, Belize, BELIZE. Arab - Salvador İs l am Merkezi: Centro Islamico Tel: 501-625-0165, Faks: 501-226-4044, E-mail: Arabe Salvadoreiio- Mezquita de LaLuz, Av. Av. Es­ [email protected]. pafia No.317 San Salvador - EL SALVADOR. Tel: Korozat Müsafir Evi: Corozal Guest House, 22 6th (503)2531-8949, Faks: (503)22213440, E-mail: in­ ave: corozal town, Corozal Town, corozal town, BE­ [email protected], web sitesi: www.islam.org.sv. LIZE. Tel: 501 -4020634, Faks: 501-4020622, e-ma­ İbra him Ev Mescidi: Masjid Dar İbrahim, Alame­ il: [email protected], Faaliyet alanı: Mi­ d~Roosevelt with 35 Av. Sur con Calle El Progreso safirhane ve motel NÔ.1909 Colonia Flor Blanca, San Salvador- EL SALVADOR. Tel: 503-25354802, Faks: 503- El Salvador'da İs l am ve M üslümanlar 25354805, E-mail: [email protected], info@is­ Genel Bilgiler lam.org.sv, web sitesi: www.islam.org.sv. El Salvador; 21.040 km2 alana ve 6.939.688 (2007) Fa tıma tüzzehra İ s l am Kültür Merkezi: Centro nüfusa· sahip bir Orta Amerika ülkesidir. Başkenti Cu/tura/ Islamico <Fatıma/ı Ez Zalıra> Calle Santa San Safvador (1.791,700) şelıridir. En büyük şehirle­ Fe, Pasaje 3-E, Poligono E-2, Casa 39, Residencial ri Santa Ana (167.200), San Miguel (145.100) ve La Gloria, Mejicanos, San Salvad<?_r ,, EL SALVA­ Zacatecoluca (36.700) şelıirleridir. Resmi dili ispan­ DOR. E-mail: [email protected], web si­ yolca olmakla
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