DOCSLIB.ORG

Genetic Variation in Artemisia Campestris

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genetic Variation in Artemisia Campestris Genetic variation in Artemisia campestris: do distinct genetic varieties exist within the species? United States Department of Agriculture Lab Report NFGEL Project #319 Forest Service Project submitted by Andrew Bower, Area Geneticist Mark Skinner, Regional Botanist US Forest Service US Forest Service 1835 Black Lake Blvd. SW Region 6 Regional Office Olympia, WA 98512 1220 SW 3rd Avenue p: 360-956-2405 Portland, OR 97204 Washington Office [email protected] p: 503-808-2150 Forest Management [email protected] Theodore B. Thomas, Ecologist Pacific Region, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office Branch of Listing, Critical Habitat 510 Desmond Drive SE, suite 102 Lacey, WA 98501 p: 360-753-4327 National Forest [email protected] Genetics Laboratory (NFGEL) This work was conducted under the direction of Valerie Hipkins, PhD……...…………………………..NFGEL Director Report prepared by Barbara Wilson, PhD. Carex Working Group, Corvallis, Oregon 2480 Carson Rd Placerville, CA Laboratory technical work conducted by 95667 Andrew Jackson, Keenan Raleigh, Valerie Hipkins, 530-622-1609 Tissue Preparation Ed Sprigg, Amanda Cutler, Jennifer DeWoody, Jacob (phone) Snelling Ploidy Analysis Keenan Raleigh, Amanda Cutler, Valerie Hipkins 530-622-2633 (fax) Randy Meyer, Amanda Cutler, Jian Alsarraj, Valerie Isozyme Analysis [email protected] Hipkins Valerie Hipkins May 7, 2016 NFGEL Artemisia Report INTRODUCTION The pattern of variation in certain herbaceous Artemisia campestris along the Columbia River is complex and does not lend itself to simple taxonomic classification. In the Flora of the Pacific Northwest, Artemisia borealis is treated as a subspecies of A. campestris, and A. campestris is described as “A highly polymorphic species, divisible into a number of rather diverse but apparently wholly confluent subordinate taxa” (Hitchcock et al. 1955, p. 60). The taxonomic history of Artemisia campestris and A. borealis is more like a braided stream than the expected tree (Arnett 2012) and taxonomists disagree about how to treat the taxa (Table 1). To add to the confusion, both A. borealis and A. campestris are variable. Two forms of A. borealis and/or A. campestris occur along the Columbia River in Washington and, historically, in Oregon. One form, “wormskioldii,” is typically biennial and is short, with hairier leaves and stems, slightly broader leaves, and more compact inflorescences with bigger flowers. It blooms in April and May with occasional stragglers blooming into later summer. The other form, “scouleriana,” is usually perennial and is much taller, though heights overlap, with less hairy leaves and stems, narrower leaves, and long, open inflorescences with smaller flowers. It blooms in August and September. The wormskioldii plants resemble arctic/alpine A. borealis (Figures 1 and 2). The scouleriana plants resemble widespread low elevation A. campestris. Intermediates occur, and seeds collected from wormskioldii plants occasionally produce an offspring with the scouleriana phenotype (K. Amsberry, per. comm.). The wormskioldii form lives on sand dunes and similar habitats along the Columbia. This habitat has been mostly destroyed as a consequence of dam-building, and two wormskioldii populations remain, at Beverly and at Miller Island. The scouleriana form is widespread in the Pacific Northwest. It is fairly common at several sites along the Columbia River, including Beverly and Miller Island. The wormskioldii form is a listed rare plant; critically imperiled globally, endangered in Washington, and a candidate species with the USFWS (Washington Natural Heritage Program 2014). It is heavily managed and new populations have been established. However, the mixed populations at Beverly and Miller Island, and the existence of morphologically intermediate plants raise the question of whether wormskioldii is a real taxon or a set of extreme phenotypes in variable scouleriana populations. If wormskioldii is a not a real taxon, then it could be delisted and resources used to preserve it could be re-directed to manage other rare plants. This isozyme study was initiated to assess the genetic variation within and among wormskioldii and scouleriana occurrences to determine if these forms are genetically distinct. The evolutionary relationships of both of these forms were also compared to A. borealis samples. For purposes of this report, the three putative taxa tested are identified as A. borealis, A. campestris var. scouleriana, and A. campestris var. wormskioldii. 2 NFGEL Artemisia Report METHODS SAMPLE COLLECTION A total of 310 samples of Artemisia spp. were submitted for this project, with 31 plants collected from each of 10 populations, all in Washington (Table 2; Figure 3). Two populations from the Columbia River were identified as A. campestris var. wormskioldii, two populations from the Olympic Mountains were identified as A. borealis, and the remaining populations were identified as A. campestris var. scouleriana. Most of the scouleriana populations were collected on the Columbia River from Beverly to Miller Islands, inclusive, and two came from Whidbey Island in Puget Sound. Samples were collected into individual plastic bags and kept cool until shipment to NFGEL using overnight delivery. PLOIDY ANALYSIS Flow cytometry was used to compare relative DNA content among a subset of samples from each population. An approximately 1.0 cm2 piece of leaf tissue was diced in 0.4 mL of Partec® CyStain extraction buffer using a double-edge blade for approximately 30 seconds. Immediately following, 1.6 ml of the CyStain staining buffer was added to the sample, which was then placed through a 10 µm filter and immediately analyzed on a Partec PA Ploidy Analysis system using the parameters: gain = 380, LL = 30, speed = 3, linear scale. ISOZYME ANALYSIS All samples were prepared for isozyme analysis by grinding an approximately 2 cm2 piece of leaf tissue with a mortar and pestle under liquid nitrogen until it was a fine powder, then adding around 400 µL (12-15 drops with a plastic pipette) of Tris based extraction buffer (Cheliak and Pitel 1984) and allowing the slurry to freeze to the mortar. When the slurry thawed, 100 µL was transferred to each of three flat-bottom 96-well plates, which were then frozen at -80°C until analysis. Starch gel (11% v/v) electrophoresis was used to examine isozyme variation. Three buffer combinations from Conkle et al. (1982) were used to examine 16 enzyme stains using recipes adapted from Wendel & Weeden (1989), revealing a total of 9 loci used for analyses. Five loci were examined in a lithium borate electrode buffer-tris citrate gel buffer combination (system LB): fluorescent esterase (FEST; EC 3.1.1.-), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP; EC 3.1.11.1), phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 5.4.22.-), malic enzyme (ME7; EC 1.1.1.40), and aconitase (ACO; EC 4.2.1.3). Seven loci were examined in a sodium borate electrode buffer-tris citrate gel buffer combination (system SB): aspartate catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6), triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI; EC 5.3.1.1), uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPP; EC 2.7.7.9), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI; EC 5.3.1.9), aminotransferase (AAT; EC 2.6.1.1), glycerol dehydrogenase (GLYDH; EC 1.1.1.6), and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D- gluconate) (6pgd; EC 1.1.1.44). Five loci were examined on a morpholine citrate electrode and gel buffer (system MC6): malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37), diaphorase (DIA; EC 1.6.99.-), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP form) (IDH; EC 1.1.1.42), shikimate dehydrogenase 3 NFGEL Artemisia Report (SKD; EC 1.1.1.25), and 6-phosphogluconic dehydrogenase (6-phospho-D-gluconate) (6pgd; EC 1.1.1.44). Three of these enzyme stains were run and found to be monomorphic for all samples (FEST, CAT, AAT-1 and AAT-2); three other stains were found to have insufficient activity among samples (LAP, IDH, and MDH); and one stain (UGPP) had no activity in A. campestris samples but contained two segregating alleles in the A. borealis samples. 6PGD was run on both the SB and MC6 buffer systems, but only data from the SB system was used in the analysis. Data from nine isozyme loci were used in the final analysis. DATA ANALYSIS Isozyme data were examined for standard measures of genetic diversity within populations (alleles per locus, effective alleles per locus, observed heterozygosity, and fixation) and for differentiation among populations using GenAlEx v. 6 (Peakall and Smouse 2006). If the two putative subtaxa (wormskioldii and scouleriana) represent distinct subspecies or varieties, we predicted that populations of each subtaxa would be more genetically similar to each other than they were to populations from another subtaxa or species. Put another way, two putative taxa are expected to show greater differentiation than individual populations within each taxa. Genetic differentiation among populations was examined using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and principal coordinates analyses (PCoA), both implemented in GenAlEx v. 6. In addition, Nei’s (1972) unbiased genetic distance between all pairs of populations was visualized using UPGMA to build a population phenogram using Mega v. 5.2 (Tamura et al. 2011). Admixture analyses and population assignment tests were conducted in Structure v. 2.3.4 (Falush et al. 2003, 2007; Pritchard et al. 2000), estimating likelihoods for 500,000 replicates following a 50,000 burn-in period, with parameters set to assume independent allele frequencies among populations, with other parameters set to the default. The number of genetic clusters tested (K) was defined as K={2:8}, and each K was examined five times. The results of the admixture analyses were examined using two methods. First, the mean and variance of the log- likelihood of each K (over the five replicates) was examined to identify the K with the greatest likelihood and low variance. Second, the delta-K method of Earl & vonHoldt (2012) was used to examine the decrease in the rate of change of log-likelihood over each K as a method to choose the most likely number of genetic clusters, as employed by Structure Harvester v.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Anti-Helicobacter Pylori Activity of Artemisia Ludoviciana Subsp
    molecules Article Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana and Two of Its Bioactive Components, Estafiatin and Eupatilin Juan Francisco Palacios-Espinosa 1 , Pablo Noé Núñez-Aragón 2, Erika Gomez-Chang 2 , Edelmira Linares 3, Robert Bye 3 and Irma Romero 2,* 1 Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco (UAM-X), Ciudad de México 04960, Mexico; [email protected] 2 Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; [email protected] (P.N.N.-A.); [email protected] (E.G.-C.) 3 Jardín Botánico, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; [email protected] (E.L.); [email protected] (R.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +52-555-623-2511 Abstract: Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has been traditionally used for the treatment of digestive ailments such as gastritis, whose main etiological agent is Helicobacter pylori. In a previous screening study, the aqueous extract exhibited a good in vitro anti-H. pylori activity. With the aim of determining the efficacy of this species as a treatment for H. pylori related diseases and finding Citation: Palacios-Espinosa, J.F.; bioactive compounds, its aqueous extract was subjected to solvent partitioning and the fractions Núñez-Aragón, P.N.; Gomez-Chang, obtained were tested for their in vitro anti-H. pylori effect, as well as for their in vivo gastroprotective E.; Linares, E.; Bye, R.; Romero, I.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Artemisia Crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae)
    CARYOLOGIA Vol. 62, no. 2: 152-160, 2009 Changes in genome size in a fragmented distribution area: the case of Artemisia crithmifolia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae). Pellicer Jaume1, Sònia Garcia2, Teresa Garnatje2 and Joan Vallès1* 1 Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, s.n., 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. 2 Institut Botànic de Barcelona (CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s.n., Parc de Montjuïc, 08038 Barcelona, Cata- lonia, Spain. Abstract — Artemisia crithmifolia is a hexaploid shrub which inhabits the coastal Atlantic sand dunes of Western Europe, from the Southern Iberian Peninsula to the Netherlands, reaching the British Isles. Genome size data of 45 populations of A. crithmifolia, covering its entire distribution area, were obtained using the flow cytometry method. The 2C nuclear DNA content in this species ranged from 14.27 to 15.72 pg, the mean value being 14.98 pg. A negative correlation between nuclear DNA amount and latitude has been found, and statistically significant differences between two groups resulting from the fragmentation of the distribution area were evidenced. Key words: 2C value, Compositae, dunes, flow cytometry, nuclear DNA amount. INTRODUCTION species occupies the maritime sands, principally at the back of the dunes in process of stabilization The genus Artemisia L. is one of the largest on the Northern Atlantic beaches, being part of of the Asteraceae, with more than 500 species two associations, Corynephoretum atlanticum and (OBERPRIELER et al. 2007). Different taxonomic Roseto-Ephedretum (KUHNZH O LTZ -LO RDAT 1927), rearrangements, based on morphological traits, which are closely related (VANDEN 1958). have been carried out, and five large subgenera Artemisia crithmifolia, a species from subgenus are considered at present (Absinthium DC., Ar- Dracunculus, presents capitula with glabrous re- temisia, Dracunculus Besser, Seriphidium Besser ceptacles, the outer florets female and the remain- and Tridentatae (Rydb.) McArthur).
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Taxonomy of Artemisia L. Species from Kazakhstan Based On
    PROCEEDINGS OF THE LATVIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Section B, Vol. 72 (2018), No. 1 (712), pp. 29–37. DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2017-0068 PHYLOGENETIC TAXONOMY OF ARTEMISIA L. SPECIES FROM KAZAKHSTAN BASED ON MATK ANALYSES Yerlan Turuspekov1,5, Yuliya Genievskaya1, Aida Baibulatova1, Alibek Zatybekov1, Yuri Kotuhov2, Margarita Ishmuratova3, Akzhunis Imanbayeva4, and Saule Abugalieva1,5,# 1 Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev Street, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN 2 Altai Botanical Garden, Ridder, KAZAKHSTAN 3 Karaganda State University, Karaganda, KAZAKHSTAN 4 Mangyshlak Experimental Botanical Garden, Aktau, KAZAKHSTAN 5 Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Biodiversity and Bioresources Department, Almaty, KAZAKHSTAN # Corresponding author, [email protected] Communicated by Isaak Rashal The genus Artemisia is one of the largest of the Asteraceae family. It is abundant and diverse, with complex taxonomic relations. In order to expand the knowledge about the classification of Kazakhstan species and compare it with classical studies, matK genes of nine local species in- cluding endemic were sequenced. The infrageneric rank of one of them (A. kotuchovii) had re- mained unknown. In this study, we analysed results of sequences using two methods — NJ and MP and compared them with a median-joining haplotype network. As a result, monophyletic origin of the genus and subgenus Dracunculus was confirmed. Closeness of A. kotuchovii to other spe- cies of Dracunculus suggests its belonging to this subgenus. Generally, matK was shown as a useful barcode marker for the identification and investigation of Artemisia genus. Key words: Artemisia, Artemisia kotuchovii, DNA barcoding, haplotype network. INTRODUCTION (Bremer, 1994; Torrel et al., 1999). Due to the large amount of species in the genus, their classification is still complex Artemisia of the family Asteraceae is a genus with great and not fully completed.
    [Show full text]
  • JOURNAL the Research of Antibacterial Activity of Tarragon and Other Species of the Genus Artemisia L
    ISSN: 2277- 7695 CODEN Code: PIHNBQ ZDB-Number: 2663038-2 Received: 02-08-2013 IC Journal No: 7725 Accepted: 03-09-2013 Vol. 2 No. 9 2013 Online Available at www.thepharmajournal.com THE PHARMA INNOVATION - JOURNAL The Research of Antibacterial Activity of Tarragon and Other Species of the Genus Artemisia L. Alla Kovalyova1*, Olexandr Ochkur1, Natalia Kashpur2, Yana Kolesnik1 1. Pharmacognosy Department, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine 2. Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Kharkiv, Ukraine [Email: [email protected]] The results of the research of antibacterial activity of tarragon Artemisia dracunculus L. extracts are shown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of tarragon herb extracts. Keyword: Artemisia dracunculus L., thick extract, antibacterial activity. 1. Introduction were established, the analysis of BAS of other Species of the genus Artemisia L., which have groups is carried out. Component composition of long been used in official and folk medicine in essential oil of tarragon from Ukrainian flora is many countries of the world, are very promising different from essential oil composition of for medicine and pharmacy as sources of tarragon from Russia, Germany, France and other biologically active substances (BAS) [9]. countries [12]. In the essential oil of Ukrainian At the Pharmacognosy Department of the tarragon aromatics compounds dominated: National University of Pharmacy the study of the estragole (methylchavicol) - 39.7%, chemical composition and pharmacological methyleugenol–18.7%, 4-4-metoxybenzaldehyde activity of the Artemisia L. species growing on –3.2%, eugenol–1.2%, terpenoids: humulen-1,2- the territory of Ukraine is carried out.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Used by Semi-Nomad Descendants’ Community in Ouled Dabbeb—Southern Tunisia
    plants Article Ethnobotanical Study on Plant Used by Semi-Nomad Descendants’ Community in Ouled Dabbeb—Southern Tunisia Olfa Karous 1,2,* , Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani 1,2 and Zeineb Ghrabi-Gammar 1,2 1 Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie (INAT), Département Agronoime et Biotechnologie Végétale, Université de Carthage, 43 Avenue Charles Nicolle, 1082 Cité Mahrajène, Tunisia; [email protected] (I.B.H.J.); [email protected] (Z.G.-G.) 2 Faculté des Lettres, Université de Manouba, des Arts et des Humanités de la Manouba, LR 18ES13 Biogéographie, Climatologie Appliquée et Dynamiques Environnementales (BiCADE), 2010 Manouba, Tunisia * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Thanks to its geographic location between two bioclimatic belts (arid and Saharan) and the ancestral nomadic roots of its inhabitants, the sector of Ouled Dabbeb (Southern Tunisia) represents a rich source of plant biodiversity and wide ranging of ethnobotanical knowledge. This work aims to (1) explore and compile the unique diversity of floristic and ethnobotanical information on different folk use of plants in this sector and (2) provide a novel insight into the degree of knowledge transmission between the current population and their semi-nomadic forefathers. Ethnobotanical interviews and vegetation inventories were undertaken during 2014–2019. Thirty informants aged from 27 to 84 were interviewed. The ethnobotanical study revealed that the local community of Ouled Dabbeb perceived the use of 70 plant species belonging to 59 genera from 31 families for therapeutic (83%), food (49%), domestic (15%), ethnoveterinary (12%), cosmetic (5%), and ritual purposes (3%). Moreover, they were knowledgeable about the toxicity of eight taxa. Nearly 73% of reported ethnospecies were freely gathered from the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • Mining the Essential Oils of the Anthemideae
    African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 3 (12), pp. 706-720, December 2004 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB ISSN 1684–5315 © 2004 Academic Journals Review Mining the essential oils of the Anthemideae Jaime A. Teixeira da Silva Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Ikenobe, 2393, Kagawa-ken, 761-0795, Japan. E-mail: [email protected]; Telfax: +81 (0)87 898 8909. Accepted 21 November, 2004 Numerous members of the Anthemideae are important cut-flower and ornamental crops, as well as medicinal and aromatic plants, many of which produce essential oils used in folk and modern medicine, the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. These oils and compounds contained within them are used in the pharmaceutical, flavour and fragrance industries. Moreover, as people search for alternative and herbal forms of medicine and relaxation (such as aromatherapy), and provided that there are no suitable synthetic substitutes for many of the compounds or difficulty in profiling and mimicking complex compound mixtures in the volatile oils, the original plant extracts will continue to be used long into the future. This review highlights the importance of secondary metabolites and essential oils from principal members of this tribe, their global social, medicinal and economic relevance and potential. Key words: Apoptosis, artemisinin, chamomile, essential oil, feverfew, pyrethrin, tansy. THE ANTHEMIDAE Chrysanthemum (Compositae or Asteraceae family, Mottenohoka) containing antioxidant properties and are a subfamily Asteroideae, order Asterales, subclass popular food in Yamagata, Japan. Asteridae, tribe Anthemideae), sometimes collectively termed the Achillea-complex or the Chrysanthemum- complex (tribes Astereae-Anthemideae) consists of 12 subtribes, 108 genera and at least another 1741 species SECONDARY METABOLITES AND ESSENTIAL OILS (Khallouki et al., 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Artemisia Borealis Var. Wormskioldii, Miller Island, Washington
    NATURAL HERITAGE PROGRAM HERITAGE NATURAL Wormskiold’s northern wormwood (Artemisia borealis var. wormskioldii) Miller Island Conservation Plan WASHINGTON WASHINGTON Prepared for U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 1 Prepared by Joseph Arnett September 20, 2010 Natural Heritage Report 2010-03 Wormskiold’s Northern Wormwood (Artemisia borealis var. wormskioldii) Miller Island Conservation Plan September 20, 2010 Prepared for The US Fish and Wildlife Service Western Washington Fish and Wildlife Office Through Section 6 funding, Region 1 Project 3E2, Segment 51 by Joseph Arnett Washington Natural Heritage Program Washington Department of Natural Resources PO Box 47014 Olympia, WA 98504-7014 ii Acknowledgements Many thanks to U.S. Forest Service staff who assisted with monitoring, including Robyn Beck, Robin Dobson, and Chuti Fiedler, and especially to Cathy Flick for all her help with logistics. Many volunteers also participated in the monitoring over the years; without their help the work would have been less successful and much less enjoyable: Nancy Allen, Kelly Amsberry, Robin Beck, Debi Budnick, Melissa Carr, Char Corkran, Kristin Currin, Rebecca Currin, Elizabeth Daniel, Kim Garner, Alison Henderson, Jurgen Hess, Susan Hess, Drew Merritt, Andrea Raven, Jamie Sheahan, Krista Thie, Jennifer Wade, Karen Whitlock, Carolyn Wright, and Sara Wu. The RareCare Program from the University of Washington provided training for many of the volunteers. Captain Jack LeFond, of Young’s Fishing Service, has transported us to the island and brought us back, and made our trips enjoyable as well as safe. Special thanks to Katie Birkhauser for her help revising the monitoring methodology in 2006. This work has been conducted with logistical support from the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Artemisia Borealis Var. Wormskioldii, (Formerly Artemesia Campestris Ssp
    U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE SPECIES ASSESSMENT AND LISTING PRIORITY ASSIGNMENT FORM SCIENTIFIC NAME: Artemisia borealis var. wormskioldii, (formerly Artemesia campestris ssp. borealis var. wormskioldii) COMMON NAME: Northern wormwood LEAD REGION: Region 1 INFORMATION CURRENT AS OF: March 29, 2007 STATUS/ACTION ___ Species assessment - determined we do not have sufficient information on file to support a proposal to list the species and, therefore, it was not elevated to Candidate status ___ New candidate X Continuing candidate __ Non-petitioned _X_ Petitioned - Date petition received: May 11, 2004 90-day positive - FR date: 12-month warranted but precluded - FR date: Did the petition request a reclassification of a listed species? NO FOR PETITIONED CANDIDATE SPECIES: a. Is listing warranted (if yes, see summary of threats below)? YES b. To date, has publication of a proposal to list been precluded by other higher priority listing actions? YES c. If the answer to a. and b. is “yes”, provide an explanation of why the action is precluded. We find that the immediate issuance of a proposed rule and timely promulgation of a final rule for this species has been, for the preceding 12 months, and continues to be, precluded by higher priority listing actions. During the past 12 months, almost our entire national listing budget has been consumed by work on various listing actions to comply with court orders and court-approved settlement agreements, meeting statutory deadlines for petition findings or listing determinations, emergency listing evaluations and determinations, and essential litigation- related, administrative, and program management tasks. We will continue to monitor the status of this species as new information becomes available.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora-Lab-Manual.Pdf
    LabLab MManualanual ttoo tthehe Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros Flora of New Mexico Lab Manual to the Flora of New Mexico Jane Mygatt Juliana Medeiros University of New Mexico Herbarium Museum of Southwestern Biology MSC03 2020 1 University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA 87131-0001 October 2009 Contents page Introduction VI Acknowledgments VI Seed Plant Phylogeny 1 Timeline for the Evolution of Seed Plants 2 Non-fl owering Seed Plants 3 Order Gnetales Ephedraceae 4 Order (ungrouped) The Conifers Cupressaceae 5 Pinaceae 8 Field Trips 13 Sandia Crest 14 Las Huertas Canyon 20 Sevilleta 24 West Mesa 30 Rio Grande Bosque 34 Flowering Seed Plants- The Monocots 40 Order Alistmatales Lemnaceae 41 Order Asparagales Iridaceae 42 Orchidaceae 43 Order Commelinales Commelinaceae 45 Order Liliales Liliaceae 46 Order Poales Cyperaceae 47 Juncaceae 49 Poaceae 50 Typhaceae 53 Flowering Seed Plants- The Eudicots 54 Order (ungrouped) Nymphaeaceae 55 Order Proteales Platanaceae 56 Order Ranunculales Berberidaceae 57 Papaveraceae 58 Ranunculaceae 59 III page Core Eudicots 61 Saxifragales Crassulaceae 62 Saxifragaceae 63 Rosids Order Zygophyllales Zygophyllaceae 64 Rosid I Order Cucurbitales Cucurbitaceae 65 Order Fabales Fabaceae 66 Order Fagales Betulaceae 69 Fagaceae 70 Juglandaceae 71 Order Malpighiales Euphorbiaceae 72 Linaceae 73 Salicaceae 74 Violaceae 75 Order Rosales Elaeagnaceae 76 Rosaceae 77 Ulmaceae 81 Rosid II Order Brassicales Brassicaceae 82 Capparaceae 84 Order Geraniales Geraniaceae 85 Order Malvales Malvaceae 86 Order Myrtales Onagraceae
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin of the Natural History Museum
    Bulletin of _ The Natural History Bfit-RSH MU8&M PRIteifTBD QENERAl LIBRARY Botany Series VOLUME 23 NUMBER 2 25 NOVEMBER 1993 The Bulletin of The Natural History Museum (formerly: Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History)), instituted in 1949, is issued in four scientific series, Botany, Entomology, Geology (incorporating Mineralogy) and Zoology. The Botany Series is edited in the Museum's Department of Botany Keeper of Botany: Dr S. Blackmore Editor of Bulletin: Dr R. Huxley Assistant Editor: Mrs M.J. West Papers in the Bulletin are primarily the results of research carried out on the unique and ever- growing collections of the Museum, both by the scientific staff and by specialists from elsewhere who make use of the Museum's resources. Many of the papers are works of reference that will remain indispensable for years to come. All papers submitted for publication are subjected to external peer review for acceptance. A volume contains about 160 pages, made up by two numbers, published in the Spring and Autumn. Subscriptions may be placed for one or more of the series on an annual basis. Individual numbers and back numbers can be purchased and a Bulletin catalogue, by series, is available. Orders and enquiries should be sent to: Intercept Ltd. P.O. Box 716 Andover Hampshire SPIO lYG Telephone: (0264) 334748 Fax: (0264) 334058 WorW Lwr abbreviation: Bull. nat. Hist. Mus. Lond. (Bot.) © The Natural History Museum, 1993 Botany Series ISSN 0968-0446 Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 55-177 The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD Issued 25 November 1993 Typeset by Ann Buchan (Typesetters), Middlesex Printed in Great Britain at The Alden Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacology, Taxonomy and Phytochemistry of the Genus Artemisia Specifically from Pakistan: a Comprehensive Review
    Available online at http://pbr.mazums.ac.ir PBR Review Article Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research Pharmacology, taxonomy and phytochemistry of the genus Artemisia specifically from Pakistan: a comprehensive review Sobia Zeb5, Ashaq Ali18, Wajid Zaman2,3,8*, Sidra Zeb6, Shabana Ali7, Fazal Ullah2, Abdul Shakoor8* 1Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China 2Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 3State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 4Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 5Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 6Department of Microbiology, Abdulwali Khan University Mardan, Pakistan 7National institute of Genomics and Advance biotechnology, National Agriculture Research Centre 8University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T *Corresponding author: The genus Artemisia belongs to family Asteraceae and commonly used for ailments of multiple lethal diseases. [email protected] Twenty-nine species of the genus have been identified from Pakistan which are widely used as pharmaceutical, agricultural, cosmetics, sanitary, perfumes and food industries. In this review we studied the medicinal uses, Article history: taxonomy, essential oils as well as phytochemistry were compiled. Data was collected from the original research Received: Oct 12, 2018 articles, texts books and review papers including globally accepted search engines i.e. PubMed, ScienceDirect, Accepted: Dec 21, 2018 Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Species found of Artemisia in Pakistan with their medicinal properties and phytochemicals were recorded.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment
    Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1–274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 [email protected] JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of Floristic Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic relationships, new combinations are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri , and problems in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswalk Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri.
    [Show full text]