1 A Comprehensive Survey on Moving Networks Shan Jaffry1, Rasheed Hussain2, Xiang Gui3, Syed Faraz Hasan3 1DGUT-CNAM Institute, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China. E:
[email protected] 2Institute of Information Security and Cyber-Physical Systems, Innopolis University, Russia E:
[email protected] 3Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Massey University, New Zealand. E fX.Gui,
[email protected] Abstract—The unprecedented increase in the demand for mobile data, fuelled by new emerging applications and use- cases such as high-definition video streaming and heightened online activities has caused massive strain on the existing cellular networks. As a solution, the fifth generation (5G) of cellular technology has been introduced to improve network performance through various innovative features such as millimeter-wave spectrum and Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet). In essence, HetNets include several small cells underlaid within macro-cell to serve densely populated regions like stadiums, shopping malls, and so on. Recently, a mobile layer of HetNet has been under consideration by the researchers and is often referred to as moving networks. Moving networks comprise of mobile cells that are primarily introduced to improve Quality of Service (QoS) for commuting users inside public transport because the QoS is deteriorated due to vehicular penetration losses and high Doppler shift. Furthermore, the users inside fast moving public Fig. 1: Extrapolated growth of voice and data traffic over the transport also exert excessive load on the core network due to years [Source: Ericsson Mobility Report 2018] large group handovers. To this end, mobile cells will play a crucial role in reducing overall handover count and will help in alleviating these problems by decoupling in-vehicle users from the core network.