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La Macédoine Grecque, Populations, Migrations Et Territoires Depuis Le Début Du Xxème Siècle Menelaos Tzimakas

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La Macédoine Grecque, Populations, Migrations Et Territoires Depuis Le Début Du Xxème Siècle Menelaos Tzimakas La Macédoine grecque, populations, migrations et territoires depuis le début du XXème siècle Menelaos Tzimakas To cite this version: Menelaos Tzimakas. La Macédoine grecque, populations, migrations et territoires depuis le début du XXème siècle. Histoire. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales- INALCO PARIS - LANGUES O’, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014INAL0004. tel-01024320 HAL Id: tel-01024320 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024320 Submitted on 16 Jul 2014 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales École doctorale N°265 Langues, littératures et sociétés du Monde Centre de Recherches Europes-Eurasie (CREE) THÈSE présentée par : Menelaos TZIMAKAS soutenue le : 9 avril 2014 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’INALCO Discipline : Histoire, Sociétés et Civilisations La Macédoine grecque, populations, migrations et territoires depuis le début du XXème siècle THÈSE dirigée par : Madame DALÈGRE Joëlle Maître de conférences (HDR), INALCO RAPPORTEURS : Monsieur BOUNEAU Christophe Professeur des universités, Université Bordeaux III Madame DIMARA Efthalia Professeur des universités, Université de Patras, Grèce MEMBRES DU JURY : Madame BALTA Athanassia Professeur des universités, Hellenic Open University Monsieur BOUNEAU Christophe Professeur des universités, Université Bordeaux III Madame DALÈGRE Joëlle Maître de conférences (HDR), INALCO Madame DIMARA Efthalia Professeur des universités, Université de Patras, Grèce Monsieur URJEWICZ Charles Professeur des universités émérite, INALCO Table des matières Table des matières ...................................................................................................................... 3 Table des tableaux statistiques ................................................................................................... 8 Table des photographies ........................................................................................................... 11 Table des cartes ......................................................................................................................... 12 Table des graphiques ................................................................................................................ 13 INTRODUCTION : ............................................................................................................... 15 I. Objet de la recherche ............................................................................................................ 15 II. Axes de recherche ................................................................................................................ 20 III. Conventions et Sources ...................................................................................................... 23 IV. Plan de Thèse ...................................................................................................................... 25 V. Correspondances entre anciens noms et noms utilisés aujourd’hui .................................. 29 PROLOGUE : L’ESPACE MACÉDONIEN AVANT 1880 ........................................... 33 AXE 1 : L'ÉPAISSEUR DU PASSÉ ....................................................................................... 34 I. Géographie du territoire macédonien .................................................................................. 34 II. L’Histoire du peuplement .................................................................................................... 39 AXE 2 : 1820-1880 : LA DÉCOUVERTE PROGRESSIVE DE LA DIVERSITÉ MACÉDONIENNE ............................................................................................................................... 46 I. Les principaux groupes humains connus au XIXe siècle .................................................... 46 1/ Les Musulmans ............................................................................................................................47 2/ Les Chrétiens orthodoxes ............................................................................................................48 3/ Les Juifs .......................................................................................................................................49 4/ Les Tsiganes ................................................................................................................................50 5/ Les autres populations (Protestantes, Catholiques, Latines) ......................................................50 II. Une base de départ : le recensement ottoman de 1831 ....................................................... 51 1/ Découpage administratif de la Macédoine au XIXe siècle ...........................................................51 2/ Recensement de la population masculine en 1831 ......................................................................52 AXE 3 : 1880, LES NATIONALISMES NAISSANTS .............................................................. 56 I. 1820-1880 : La passion ethnologique, les cartes ................................................................. 56 1/ La carte de όέAέ τ’Etгel’s de 1κβ1 .............................................................................................57 2/ La carte de A. Boué de 1847 ........................................................................................................59 3/ La carte de G. Lejean de 1861 .....................................................................................................61 4/ La carte de H. Kiepert de 1876 ...................................................................................................63 5/ La carte de A. Synvet de 1877 .....................................................................................................66 6/ La carte de K. Sax de 1878 ..........................................................................................................68 7/ Répartition de la population selon les cartes ethnographiques ...................................................70 II. Naissance des nationalismes balkaniques .......................................................................... 71 1/ Comment se définir ? ...................................................................................................................72 2/ La montée des nationalismes en Macédoine ................................................................................76 4 PREMIÈRE PARTIE : LA LUTTE POUR LA TERRE ET LA DÉLIMITATION D’UN NOUVEAU TERRITOIRE, 1878-1912 ...................................................... 77 CHAPITRE 1 : LES AFFRONTEMENTS SUR LE TERRAIN AVANT LES GUERRES BALKANIQUES ........................................................................................................ 78 I. La lutte entre chrétiens (1870-1903) .................................................................................... 78 1ή δa création de l’exarchat bulgare : comment gagner des « âmes » ? Rivalité religieuse et éducative ........................................................................................................................... 78 2/ Le passage à la lutte armée μ l’τRIε et les « bandes » ............................................................. 80 γή δa révolte d’Ilinden et les réformes de 1903............................................................................... 82 II. La lutte armée pour la Macédoine (1904-1908) ................................................................. 84 1/ Les préparatifs des interventions en Macédoine ......................................................................... 84 2/ La Macédoine à feu et à sang, 1904-1908 .................................................................................. 85 3/ La révolution des Jeunes-Turcs en 1908 ..................................................................................... 89 III. Salonique : symbole de l’imbroglio macédonien .............................................................. 91 1/ La plus grande ville juive du monde ........................................................................................... 92 2/ Une mosaïque communautaire emblématique de la Macédoine ................................................. 94 CHAPITRE 2 : 1880-1910 : DES RECENSEMENTS DÉTAILLÉS, LA BATAILLE DES CHIFFRES ............................................................................................................... 99 I. Le recensement ottoman de 1881/1882-1893 ..................................................................... 100 1/ Ses principes ............................................................................................................................. 100 2/ Périmètre du recensement de 1881/1882-1893 correspondant à la Macédoine grecque ......... 101 3/ Recensement de la population masculine en 1881/1882-1893 .................................................. 103 4/ Analyse des résultats du recensement ....................................................................................... 105 II.
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