Simcenter Amesim / Modelica

Comparative study between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous approach for modeling an electric powertrain in Simcenter Amesim

• Simcenter Amesim overview • Electrical vehicle model description • Modelica inverter model • Comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous approach • Conclusions

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• Simcenter Amesim overview • Electrical vehicle model description • Modelica inverter model • Comparison between homogeneous and hybrid model • Conclusions

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Industry Pre-design Sector Scalable simulation Automotive & Performance Transportation analysis Connecting “mechanical” – Aerospace & Design Co-simulation Defense Optimization “controls”

Heavy Equipment Controls Multi-physics Open and validation customizable Industrial Machinery

Marine Mechanical Energy & Utilities >40 libraries Hydraulics/Pneumatics Thermal Electrical

>5,000 models Magnetic Model Architecture Chemical

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Platform facilities: Solvers and numerics: Data management, pack, libraries, supercomponents… Solver technology, Parallel computing, HPC, ..

MIL/SIL/HIL and real-time: Analysis tools: Blackbox, RT FMUs, Eigenvalues, Modal shapes, Bode plots, … Precompiled objects for RT targets…

Software interfaces: Optimization, robustness, design of experiments: FMI export/import 1.0-2.0 NLPQL, Parameter sweep, Monte Carlo, Genetic dedicated interfaces (Simulink,etc…), Excel import, in-house Algorithms codes…

Simulator scripting & APIs: 1D/3D CAE: C/C++, python, VBA, matlab, scilab, console… CAD import, FE import, CFD coupling,…

Customization: Modelica platform App designer, customized components…

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Modeling & Simulation platform Modelica engine Modelica edition

Embedded in Amesim

OPTIMICA Compiler Toolkit FMI 2.1 Modelica by file

Modelica Editor

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Create Compile Connect Simulate Analyze

• Full-featured, configurable IDE • Source code editor • Graphical component Compatible with assembly Solved as whole system, Simcenter Amesim • MSL v3.2.2 in Model Exchange. platform capabilities: • Easy library loading Compatible with Simcenter Performance analyzer, Amesim simulation linear analysis capabilities: (eigenvalues, modal Batch/Design Exploration, shapes, frequency Automated compiling HPC, MIL/SIL/HIL… response, root when model added to Connection with native locus…), dashboards, Simcenter Amesim libraries through scripting,… dedicated physical connectors – FMI 2.1 Unrestricted © Siemens DI 2020 Page 7 14th MODPROD Conference 2020, Linköping, Sweden Siemens DI Software Agenda

• Simcenter Amesim overview • Electrical vehicle model description • Modelica inverter model • Comparison between homogeneous and hybrid model • Conclusions

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 EV Model Based Design

 Supporting BEV design project to define requirements for instance

 Focus on the electrical system

 Electrical motor control system validation

 Simulation of high frequency effects on the electrical system

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EV Electric Range Inverter Battery Gearbox Chassis model motor and Perfo

Generic Ratios One Level 1 Static Balanced battery efficiency inertia

Advanced model Flywheel 3 DoF Level 2 Quasi-static Average (semi- inertia (2D) empiric)

Advanced Detailed model rotary 18 DoF Accuracy Level 3 Dynamic Switched (semi-empiric) stiffness (3D) Requireddata

+ thermal and inertia CPU consumption

Advanced Cooperation model Level 4 with FEM (semi-empiric) + aging

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Dynamic vehicle model Battery model

3 phases inverter model

Electrical motor model

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3 switched inverter arms 2 modules composed by a Conduction transistor and an antiparallel Switching losses quasi-static way diode

Electro/thermal coupling

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• Simcenter Amesim overview • Electrical vehicle model description • Modelica inverter model • Comparison between homogeneous and hybrid model • Conclusions

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Thermal port Electrical port 3 Arms

Signal ports

Simcenter Amesim sketch MSL 3.2.2 Modelica Editor Diagram Unrestricted © Siemens DI 2020 Page 15 14th MODPROD Conference 2020, Linköping, Sweden Siemens DI Software Agenda

• Simcenter Amesim overview • Electrical vehicle model description • Modelica inverter model • Comparison between homogeneous and hybrid model • Conclusions

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Bond graph representation Kirchhoff’s laws representation For causal models For acausal models

Simcenter Amesim combines this approach Declarative model, without preferred and a representation of the components causality. Enabling the direct manipulation grouped into specialized libraries of a set of algebraic differential equations

Simple step by step composition based Specific study and development to have on connection of single systems find in an arm composed by 2 modules the MSL

Homogeneous model Heterogeneous model

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 Performance drop of 20% by using the heterogeneous approach

 May be linked to the Modelica approach due to a none optimal symbolic processing for this use case

• Context • Electrical vehicle in Simcenter Amesim • Modelica inverter • Conclusions

 Simcenter Amesim platform can perform hybrid modeling mixing causal and acausal approach

 The hybrid model of the Electrical Vehicle can be used for validating the electric powertrain sizing

 During the modelling phase the Modelica approach can be complimentary and facilitate locally the development of sub-models

 For instance, if we want to create an inverter with more than 2 modules in parallel to increase the current, clearly the Modelica approach should be recommended

 A slight disadvantage during the simulation for the hybrid model, the simulation performances decreased by 20% for 10 seconds of simulation

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Where today meets tomorrow. 14th MODPROD Conference 2020, Linköping, Sweden