Inglis Bushland Reserve Environmental Management Plan

DEPARTMENT OF PRIMARY INDUSTRIES

Funded by the Department of Primary Industries, the Shepparton Irrigation Region Implementation Committee and the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority through the Shepparton Irrigation Region Catchment Strategy.

ISBN 1 74146 960 0

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from relying on any information in this publication.

Environmental Management Program Sustainable Irrigated Landscapes Department of Primary Industries Private Bag 1 TATURA, Victoria, 3616

Produced By Kate Brunt and Allison McCallum

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Acknowledgments

This Plan could not have been developed without the help and assistance of numerous people. To all the members of the Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated, thank you for your dedication to the management of the Reserve. To all the members of the Katandra West Landcare Group, thank you for your interest in the Bushland Reserve and its on-going management. For assisting with the development of this Management Plan the following people are gratefully acknowledged, Jenny Ward, Ron Mason, Margaret Mason, Peter Laws, Ian Klein, Joy and Gary Lawson, George Spring, Emiel van Steeg and Karen Rogers. Departmental staff who have provided great support and input into this plan include: Bruce Wehner and John Kneebone (Parks Victoria), Dustin Lavery (GBCMA), Rolf Weber (DSE) and John Tunn (Aboriginal Affairs Victoria). In particular we wish to acknowledge the efforts of Trudi Mullett and Ann Roberts who have worked hard to put this Plan together. Finally we wish to acknowledge the support and funding provided by the SIR Implementation Committee of the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority. To all the people who provided comment on the draft plan over the years, we are extremely grateful.

Acronyms

DNRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment, former government department that included the services provided by DPI and DSE. DPI Department of Primary Industries DSE Department of Sustainability and Environment EMP Environmental Management Program; workgroup within DPI GBCMA Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority IBRCI Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated LCC Land Conservation Council, former state government department, responsible for recommendations on use of Crown land. KWLCG Katandra West Landcare Group SIR Shepparton Irrigation Region SIRIC Shepparton Irrigation Region Implementation Committee PV Parks Victoria

Foreword This Terrestrial Management Plan is the culmination of the effort of a number of dedicated people who share the vision of seeing Inglis Bushland Reserve remain as a viable and productive woodland ecosystem. It is intended that the Plan will further foster the partnership between the relevant stakeholders.

It identifies the key stakeholders, including government and non-government organisations who accept the management responsibilities assigned to them, through the actions defined in the Management Plan.

The Plan has been developed as an adaptive management plan to enable management actions to be modified in response to the monitoring of the key biodiversity values.

Therefore all works and actions which may impact on the implementation of the Plan will only be carried out after consultation / approval from the identified key stakeholders and signatories to the Plan.

While implementation of the Plan is an adaptive process, the Plan will be formally reviewed when necessary, to ensure that it remains a ‘living’ document. The review process will also be subject to consultation with, and sign off by, the identified key stakeholders.

The implementation of this Management Plan will be a prime model for partnership in sustainable ecological management in the Goulburn Broken Catchment.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT...... III

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... IV

ACRONYMS ...... IV

FOREWORD ...... V

1 SUMMARY...... 8

2 INTRODUCTION...... 9

2.1 PURPOSE ...... 9 2.2 CONSULTATION PROCESS ...... 9 2.3 PLAN PERIOD AND REVIEW ...... 10 2.4 LOCATION AND ACCESS ...... 10 2.5 RESERVATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY ...... 12 2.6 INGLIS BUSHLAND RESERVE COMMITTEE INCORPORATED ...... 12 2.7 PARKS VICTORIA ...... 12 2.8 KATANDRA WEST LANDCARE GROUP ...... 12 2.9 LEGISLATION ...... 12 2.10 STRATEGIES AND POLICIES ...... 13 3 ECOLOGICAL VALUES ...... 14

3.1 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESERVE IN A REGIONAL CONTEXT ...... 14 3.2 PHYSICAL ASPECTS...... 15 3.2.1 Climate...... 15 3.2.2 Soils Characteristics ...... 15 3.2.3 Flooding Regimes and Drainage Characteristics...... 15 3.3 BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS...... 15 3.3.1 Flora ...... 15 3.4 FAUNA ...... 17 3.4.1 Introduced fauna ...... 17 4 MANAGEMENT ISSUES ...... 18

4.1 RESERVATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY ...... 18 4.2 POTENTIAL CHANGES TO RESERVATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY ...... 18 4.2.1 Investigation into Box-Ironbark Forests and Woodlands...... 18 4.2.2 Native Title Application...... 18 4.3 CURRENT LAND USE ...... 19 4.3.1 Recreation ...... 19 4.3.2 Timber Extraction...... 19 4.3.3 Grazing and Soil Disturbance...... 19 4.4 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ...... 20 4.4.1 Fire Hazard Management ...... 20 4.4.2 Weed Management ...... 20 4.4.3 Revegetation...... 21 4.4.4 Threatened Flora Species Management ...... 23 4.5 WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT...... 23 4.5.1 Feral Animal Management ...... 23 4.5.2 Threatened Wildlife Management...... 23 4.6 CULTURAL HERITAGE...... 24

4.7 SALINITY, WATERTABLE AND DRAINAGE...... 24 4.7 SURROUNDING LAND USE ...... 24 4.8 MONITORING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS...... 24 5 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 26

5.1 POTENTIAL CHANGES TO RESERVATION STATUS AND MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY ...... 27 5.1.1 Reserve Status and Responsible Management Authority ...... 27 5.2 CURRENT LAND USE ...... 27 5.2.1 Recreation ...... 27 5.2.2 Timber Extraction...... 28 5.2.3 Salinity, Watertables and Drainage...... 29 5.2.4 Grazing ...... 29 5.3 VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ...... 29 5.3.1 Fire Hazard Management ...... 29 5.3.2 Weed Management ...... 30 5.3.3 Revegetation...... 31 5.4 WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT...... 32 5.4.1 Feral Animal Management ...... 32 5.5 CULTURAL HERITAGE...... 32 5.6 SURROUNDING LAND USE ...... 32 5.7 MONITORING ...... 33 5.8 ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SURVEYS ...... 33 5.8.1 Co-ordination of Ecological Surveys and Research ...... 33 5.9 SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED FUNDING REQUIREMENTS ...... 34 5.9.1 Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated ...... 34 5.9.2 Shepparton Irrigation Region Implementation Committee ...... 34 6 REFERENCES...... 35

7.1 APPENDIX ONE: COMMUNITY CONSULTATION ...... 36 7.2 APPENDIX TWO: EXTRACT FROM FINAL DRAFT ECC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NATURAL FEATURE RESERVES (H)...... 37 7.3 APPENDIX THREE: FLORA SPECIES LIST (NOVEMBER 2001) NATURALLY OCCURRING PLANTS. 38 7.4 APPENDIX FOUR: FAUNA SURVEY ...... 40

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1 SUMMARY

The Inglis Bushland Reserve contributes to the regional network of habitat resources provided by remnants of Grey Box Grassy Woodland across the Shepparton Irrigation Region. The Reserve may not provide abundant habitat resources for a range of species but does provide an important “stepping stone” for mobile species such as birds and bats and given its proximity to Shepparton, it has potential to provide a significant education and passive recreation resource.

During the mid-1920s local landholders formed a Committee of Management for the Reserve, known as the Pine Lodge North Recreation Reserve. The Reserve name was changed to the Inglis Bushland Reserve in the mid-1980s. The Committee of Management has been working with Parks Victoria to actively enhance the environmental values of the Reserve. The shrub layer has been substantially augmented, however as the source of the seed used is unknown, it is not recommended that seed be collected from these trees and shrubs for revegetation purposes. Introduced grass species such as Wild Oats (Avena ludoviciana), Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), Barley Grass (Hordeum leporinum), and Rye Grass (Lolium spp) as well as other weed species, in particular Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), dominate the grassy understorey.

The Katandra West Landcare group has expressed interest in being involved in the future management of the Reserve.

2 INTRODUCTION

Inglis Bushland Reserve is a 17-hectare remnant of Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) Grassy Woodland, situated along the Congupna - Guilfus Creek, south of Katandra West in the Shepparton Irrigation Region. The Reserve is a remnant of the ecological vegetation class Plains Grassy Woodland.

Inglis Bushland Reserve was reserved in 1881 for access to water for travelling stock. In the mid- 1920s local landholders formed a Committee of Management for the Reserve when it became the Pine Lodge North Recreation Reserve. The recreation reserve boasted tennis and basketball courts as well as a cricket pitch. Although Pine Lodge North School held its annual picnics there, it was never the site of a school. The Reserve name was changed to the Inglis Bushland Reserve in the mid-1980s as recommended by the Land Conservation Council in 1985. The Committee of Management has continued to manage this site (with support from Parks Victoria) and they have been actively involved in enhancing the environmental values of the site. Augmenting the shrub layer has been a key objective of revegetation activities undertaken in the Reserve. Potential also exists to enhance the environmental values of the two constructed wetlands within the Reserve.

Introduced grass species dominate the understorey and suppress the regenerative capacity of native species. Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are also a major problem in the Reserve and surrounding landscape.

2.1 Purpose

The Environmental Management Program (EMP), Department of Primary Industries (DPI), Tatura, in consultation with Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated (IBRCI), Parks Victoria (Nathalia), and the Katandra West Landcare Group, have produced this Plan on behalf of the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority (GBCMA).

The purpose of this Plan is to provide direction on the future environmental management of Inglis Bushland Reserve. The main objectives of this plan being the protection, restoration, and enhancement of the conservation values of this important remnant.

This Plan provides direction for Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated, who are the responsible managing authority. Parks Victoria will continue to provide technical advice and support to the Committee of Management.

2.2 Consultation Process

A list of agencies, groups and individuals involved in the planning process is provided in Appendix One. Some issues associated with the Reserve were identified during visits to it and a Draft Plan was produced.

At a public consultation meeting in June 2000, relevant agencies, community groups and individuals were invited to identify all the issues associated with the Reserve and to discuss the issues identified to date.

A revised Draft Plan was produced in June 2000 and forwarded to the agencies and groups with identified management responsibilities, for further comment.

In September 2000 the Draft Management Plan was forwarded to Parks Victoria, Inglis Bushland

Reserve Committee of Management, the Katandra West Landcare Group and the SIR Implementation Committee for endorsement.

The plan was not progressed for several months due to a change in staff. After the appointment of a new staff member the plan was updated early in 2002. Amendments made to the plan centred on recommendations made in the Environmental Conservation Council’s Investigations in June 2001. The Management Plan was also altered to identify actions that had been undertaken between September 2000 and August 2002 and to clearly identify Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated, as the responsible managing authority.

In August 2002 the Draft Management Plan was once again forwarded to Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated, Parks Victoria, Katandra West Landcare Group and the SIR Implementation Committee for endorsement.

Further staff changes delayed publication of the plan which has once again been updated and circulated to the stakeholders for endorsement.

2.3 Plan period and review

The Reservation status and responsible management authority for Inglis Bushland Reserve may change in the future. The recommendations made in this management plan may require review following the outcome of the Yorta Yorta Native Title determination. Some management prescriptions detailed in this report may need to be reviewed if the reservation status (refer to Section 2.5) and management tenure change.

The Plan should also be reviewed when major recommendations have been implemented.

2.4 Location and Access

Inglis Bushland Reserve is located on Sidebottom Road, approximately 7.5 km south of the township of Katandra West. Access to the Reserve can be gained from either of two unlocked gates on Sidebottom Road.

AMG Coordinates Zone 55, Easting 370,233, Northing 5,982,176 and Crown Land Parcel Number P160605.

2.5 Reservation Status and Management Authority

Inglis Bushland Reserve was temporarily reserved for access to water by Order of Council on 9 August 1881.

This reservation was revoked by Order of Council on 11 July 1927 and the Crown Land was simultaneously temporarily reserved for Public Recreation and Hall. The Reserve was known as Pine Lodge North Recreation Reserve. A Committee of Management comprising local people was appointed in November 1927. Regulations for the Reserve were promulgated in 1928 and were permanently reserved for Public Recreation and Hall by Order in Council of 24 January 1967. In 1986 the Reserve was renamed to Inglis Bushland Reserve.

“The Land Conservation Council (LCC) was established by the Land Conservation Act 1970. One of its three functions was to make recommendations to the Minister for Conservation with respect to the use of public land, in order to provide for the balanced use of land in Victoria.” (LCC, 1982)

The LCC Murray Valley recommendation for the reserve was “Bushland Reserve”, however as the site is permanently reserved for Public Recreation and Hall, an Act of Parliament is required to revoke the reservation status. The Committee of Management does not wish to change the Reserve’s status at this stage.

2.6 Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated

A Committee of Management was appointed in 1927. This Committee of Management is still functioning today and is recognised as the Managing Authority for the Reserve, by the government of Victoria. The Committee of Management is now known as the Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated.

2.7 Parks Victoria

Parks Victoria has been actively involved in the enhancement of the reserve for several years. Parks Victoria will continue to be involved in the management of the reserve, through providing technical advice to the Committee of Management. Parks Victoria has no financial or management responsibility to Inglis Bushland Reserve, as the reserve is managed by a Committee of Management.

2.8 Katandra West Landcare Group

The Katandra West Landcare Group has expressed interest in the on-going management of the Inglis Bushland Reserve and the promotion of the importance of the reserve and natural areas, amongst the wider community.

2.9 Legislation

A broad range of legislation, strategies and policies influence the management of Inglis Bushland Reserve.

Crown Lands (Reserves) Act 1978 The Act provides for the reservation and management of Crown Lands, for certain purposes, and sets down provisions for the formulation of a Committee of Management.

Parks Victoria Act 1998 This Act sets down the organisation and structure of Parks Victoria, operational procedures, regulations, and guidelines.

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 The main aim of this Act is to ensure all of Victoria’s native plants and animals can survive, flourish, and maintain their potential for evolutionary development in the wild. The Act provides for the protection of threatened habitats and the identification of potentially threatening processes.

Other relevant legislation:

STATE Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994 Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972 Wildlife Act 1975 Vermin and Noxious Weeds Act 1958 Litter Act 1964 Environmental Protection Act 1970 Fences Act 1968 Country Fire Authority Act 1958 Local Government Act 1989 Water Act 1989

COMMONWEALTH Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984 National Environment Protection Council Act 1994 Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act 1999

2.10 Strategies and Policies Victorian Biodiversity Strategy (1997) The Victorian Biodiversity Strategy makes a commitment to the Conservation of Victoria’s Biodiversity. The Strategy reports on the condition of each Bioregion and discusses the main pressures and threats. The Strategy recognises that “all natural ecosystems in the Victorian Riverina Bioregion have been depleted or highly modified, with only isolated vegetation patches remaining” (DNRE 1997, p. 70) and that “...all remaining areas are highly significant for biodiversity conservation” (DNRE 1997 p. 71).

Goulburn Broken Native Vegetation Management Strategy (August 2000) This strategy documents the current condition of native vegetation by Bioregion and broad vegetation type. Priorities and procedures for achieving best management of remnant vegetation in the Goulburn Broken Catchment are described. Cost sharing, institutional agreements, targets and indicators to measure performance over time are also discussed. The Vegetation Strategy is the forerunner to the Catchment’s Biodiversity Strategy. The draft of this Strategy has been adopted since 2000, along with Catchment Response (2000) to Draft Goulburn Broken Native Vegetation Management Strategy.

Shepparton Irrigation Regional Catchment Strategy (2002-2007) This document is part of the Goulburn Broken Regional Catchment Strategy (2002-2007) and incorporates the Shepparton Irrigation Region Land and Water Management Plan (1989). The Victorian Government established the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority in

1997. It is a statutory authority responsible for the coordination of natural resource management programs within the region. Under the Catchment and Land Protection Act 1994, the Authority is required to prepare a five year Regional Catchment Strategy (RCS) that establishes the Framework for Action for Native Vegetation Management, Biodiversity and Salinity Management in the region.

The Strategy does not describe in detail how the region intends to meet the range of obligations outlined in legislation. Rather the Regional Catchment Strategy is an overarching document that takes a longer-term view of the challenges and opportunities facing the region. Priority issues and programs have been identified for the period 2002 to 2007. These priorities are described in the Regional Catchment Strategy while the details of the programs to address these issues are found in accompanying sub-strategy documents.

Box–Ironbark Forests and Woodland Investigation – Final Report (2001) This report contains the Environment Conservation Council’s final recommendations for the protection, use and management of Victoria’s Box-Ironbark forests and Woodlands. It marks the culmination of an investigation process begun in 1995 by the then Land Conservation Council (LCC).

Other relevant Strategies and Policies:

Local Government and Landcare Action Plan for Nature Conservation in the Goulburn Broken Catchment (1997) Trust for Nature, Melbourne.

Code of Practice for Fire Management on Public Land (1995) Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.

Flora and Fauna Guarantee Strategy: Conservation of Victoria’s Biodiversity; Draft prepared under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (1992) Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.

Draft Conservation Program for Native Grasslands and Grassy Woodlands in Victoria (1992) Department of Conservation and Environment, Victoria.

Restoring our Catchments – Victoria’s Draft Native Vegetation Management Framework (2000) Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

Revegetation Guide for the Goulburn Broken Catchment (2001) Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

3 ECOLOGICAL VALUES

3.1 Significance of the Reserve in a regional context

Vegetation cover is poor in the landscape surrounding Inglis Bushland Reserve. The comparatively large reserve supports mature, hollow-bearing Eucalypts that provide important habitat resources.

3.2 Physical aspects

3.2.1 Climate

Temperate climatic conditions characterise the Victorian Riverina Bioregion with hot dry summers and mild winters. Winter-spring is the peak rainfall period and the average annual rainfall recorded at Lemnos is 563.2 mm (www.bom.gov.au, 2004). Frosts occur in the winter months and drought periods occur every five to ten years (Bennett et al. 1998).

Mean Temperatures and Rainfall Records from Lemnos.

40 80 30 60 Max 20 40 Min mm

Degrees 10 20 Rainfal 0 0 l

n l a Ju ep J Mar May S Nov Month

Figure 2. Graph displaying the mean temperature and rainfall records recorded at Lemnos. (Data extrapolated from www.bom.gov.au, 2004)

3.2.2 Soils Characteristics

The soils in Inglis Bushland Reserve vary from a Congupna Clay Loam Soil, to heavier Congupna Clay, associated with the Congupna - Guilfus Creek. A lighter Lemnos Loam occurs on the slightly elevated areas. The soils in the Reserve are pugged and compacted from inappropriate grazing in wet conditions.

3.2.3 Flooding Regimes and Drainage Characteristics

The site is prone to occasional inundation associated with flooding along the Guilfus-Congupna Creek.

3.3 Biological aspects

3.3.1 Flora

Once the most extensive vegetation complex in temperate Australia, the grassy woodlands have been extensively depleted since European settlement (Robertson and Traill, 1996). Characterised by grassland interspersed with widely spaced trees and scattered shrubs, this floristically diverse vegetation type was rapidly converted for agricultural purposes. Figure 3 depicts the grassy woodland of the Inglis Bushland Reserve.

Figure 3. Grey Box overstorey at Inglis Bushland Reserve.

Inglis Bushland Reserve is dominated by Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) overstorey and a ground layer dominated by introduced species. However, the reserve does contain Wallaby Grasses (Danthonia spp), Corrugated sida (Sida corrugata), Spear Grass (Stipa spp) and Curly Windmill Grass (Enteropogon acicularis). A flora species list (Appendix three) is provided. The mature population of Grey Box (E. microcarpa) at this site is in reasonable health. Some natural Grey Box regeneration is evident and again appears healthy. Grey Box logs and limb litter is starting to accumulate with the cessation of grazing and this provides protection for the germination and establishment of various native plant species.

A small area in the north-east section of the Reserve has an overstorey of Murray Pine (Callitris glaucophylla) and Buloke (Allocausarina luehmannii). These species were planted by the committee in 1987 and are indigenous to the area.

Figure 4. Murray Pine and Buloke at Inglis Bushland Reserve.

3.3.1.1 Significant Species

No significant species have been recorded in the Reserve to date, however formal vegetation surveys have not yet been conducted. Vegetation surveys should be conducted in Spring or early Summer to determine the composition of the native and introduced flora.

3.4 Fauna

No formal fauna surveys have been conducted at Inglis Bushland Reserve. The Reserve may serve as a useful ‘stepping stone’ for mobile species such as birds and bats. Given the availability of hollows in the mature Grey Box trees, it would be interesting to conduct seasonal bird surveys and spotlighting to investigate aspects of the fauna of the Reserve.

A member of the Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated, Peter Laws, conducted a fauna survey over a couple of days in December 2001. This survey has provided good baseline data. It is hoped that this information can be added to in the future. A copy of the list is provided (Appendix four).

Grey Box log and limb litter has started to accumulate since the alleviation of grazing pressure and this may provide useful habitat resources for ground-dwelling mammals and some reptile and frog species.

3.4.1 Introduced fauna

Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are a problem in the Reserve. The main warren appears to be located in the north west corner of the Reserve. Large waste items present on the adjacent private property (NW corner), such as old pieces of corrugated iron are also providing a source of refuge for rabbits and these should be removed and warrens fumigated and destroyed. Over the last four years, the neighbour has removed some of the rubbish bordering the reserve that

appears to have reduced the rabbit problem. The neighbour still maintains a rubbish pit that always has the potential to harbour vermin.

Foxes have also been identified within the Reserve along with a number of introduced bird species including: Common Starling (Sturnus vulgaris), Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis), Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) and House Sparrows (Passer domisticus).

4 MANAGEMENT ISSUES

4.1 Reservation Status and Management Authority

The site was originally a Water Reserve for travelling stock before becoming a Recreation Reserve with tennis and basketball courts and a cricket pitch. The Pine Lodge North School used to hold their annual picnic at the Reserve. The Reserve was permanently reserved for Public Recreations and Hall by Order in Council of 24 January 1967 and became known as the Inglis Bushland Reserve in 1986.

A Committee of Management manages the reserve, “Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated”. The primary purpose being conservation of biodiversity values and passive recreation.

4.2 Potential Changes to Reservation Status and Management Authority

4.2.1 Investigation into Box-Ironbark Forests and Woodlands

The Environment Conservation Council (ECC) has reviewed the reservation status of Inglis Bushland Reserve as part of the Box-Ironbark Forests and Woodlands Investigation. The purpose of this Investigation is to evaluate the extent, condition, values and uses of Box-Ironbark Forests and Woodlands in Victoria and to make recommendations to Government on the balanced use of these areas (Environment Conservation Council 1997).

The final report was completed in June 2001. The report recommended that the area should be reserved as Bushland Area. Inglis Bushland Reserve will be subject to the general recommendations for a Natural Feature Reserve. The only potential changes to management are that grazing generally not be permitted, unless required for short periods by the land manager and commercial harvesting not permitted. As discussed in Section 2.5, it is unlikely that the tenure for Inglis Bushland Reserve will be altered.

See Appendix two for General Recommendation for Natural Features Reserves.

4.2.2 Native Title Application

Members of the Yorta Yorta community applied for a determination of Native Title relating to various parcels of Crown Land along the Murray, Goulburn and Ovens Rivers in 1995 (reference VG6001 of 1995). The Federal Court in December 1998 turned down this application. Members of the Yorta Yorta community are appealing the Federal Court decision. The outcome of the appeal may also influence the future management of the Inglis Bushland Reserve.

4.3 Current Land Use

4.3.1 Recreation

Interested locals undertake passive recreation activities such as bird watching and nature studies at the Reserve.

4.3.1.1 Recreation facilities and opportunities

The construction of recreational facilities such as picnic tables, walking tracks and toilets is considered inappropriate for this reserve, due to its small size and environmental significance. The site is not likely to be heavily used by visitors to the area.

4.3.1.2 Rehabilitation, Community Awareness and Education Activities

A highly successful community revegetation day was held in April 1998, organised by NRE, the Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management and Katandra West Landcare group.

There is an opportunity to promote the natural and botanic values of the Reserve to the wider community. Possible activities include: • the development of a brochure suitable for distribution to schools, universities, local community groups and government agencies; • the organisation of community field days and native flower walks in Spring.

4.3.1.3 Tracks and Access.

Two major tracks provide access to the reserve. Access to the reserve can be gained on the southern and northern side of the creek along Sidebottom Road. The gates providing access to the reserve are closed, but not locked, providing access to the public for passive recreation activities.

4.3.2 Timber Extraction

4.3.2.1 Firewood collection

The removal of timber for firewood is not permitted within the Inglis Bushland Reserve. Previously some illegal firewood collection has taken place within the Reserve. This activity results in the removal of logs and woody debris from the Woodland floor and the loss of habitat for a large number of ground dwelling species. The endangered Bush Stone-curlew (Burhinus grallarius) is one species that relies on fallen timber for habitat and protection from predators. The boundary fence and gate have helped to deter the incidence of firewood collection. It is also recommended that the importance of fallen timber in natural areas be continually promoted amongst the community.

4.3.3 Grazing and Soil Disturbance

The last grazing license for Inglis Bushland Reserve was withdrawn in 1986. The site is not grazed on any regular basis, although the Committee of Management has held sheep in the Reserve for a short period in Spring 1997, with the intention of controlling grassy weeds. Extensive soil pugging and compaction is evident throughout the Reserve from previous cattle grazing in wet conditions. This has influenced the vegetation composition of the site, usually in favour of introduced species. In the past there have been several instances of trespassing stock. Pulse (or limited) grazing may be used as a management tool in the future.

4.4 Vegetation Management

Inglis Bushland Reserve is located in a medium to high Nature Conservation Priority Action Zone, in accordance with the Goulburn Broken Native Vegetation Management Strategy. This is an area that should be listed for environmental protection and enhancement activities, as water tables were greater than 3 metres from the surface when measured in 1999. Any revegetation activity is likely to be viable in the long term.

4.4.1 Fire Hazard Management The fire risk is not considered a major issue by the local CFA. Firebreaks have been constructed by spraying around the boundaries of the Reserve to control grass growth and therefore provide fire suppression around the edge of the Reserve. There is a low risk of a fire moving into and out of the Reserve. As a Committee of Management manages the Reserve, the CFA will provide fire suppression when required.

4.4.2 Weed Management

Weeds that invade bushland areas are termed ‘environmental weeds’, and may include native plants that are ecologically out-of-balance, as well as species introduced from overseas. Environmental weeds and agricultural weeds are not mutually exclusive, Blackberry (Rubus fruticosis spp. agg.) for example, can be extremely problematic in both agricultural and natural environments. Once established in bushland areas, environmental weeds can quickly out- compete native plants and by consequence, reduce the diversity of habitat resources available for fauna. Environmental weed species can also alter the rate of accumulation of fine fuels at an invaded site and in this way, alter the flammability of the vegetation.

Clark (1996) identified weed invasion as one of the biggest management issues in Box Woodland remnants. Remnants with a high edge to area ratio such as Inglis Bushland Reserve are extremely prone to weed invasion.

Weed control is likely to be an ongoing battle at this Reserve. Well-established populations of various weed taxa that need to be targeted for control include: Wild Oats Avena fatua Dock Rumex sp. Rye grass Lolium sp. Barley grass Critesion murinum Paterson’s curse Echium plantagineum Hoary cress Cardaria drada Phalaris Phalaris aquatica Silverleaf Nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium Prairie Ground Cherry Physalis viscosa Bathurst Burr Xanthinium spinosum

Spear Thistle Cirsium vulgare

Wild Oats (Avena fatua), Phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), Barley grass (Cristesion murinum) and Rye grass (Lolium sp.) dominate the understorey almost to the total exclusion of native grasses and herbs. These grassy weeds also reduce the regenerative potential of native trees and shrubs.

4.4.3 Revegetation

Several revegetation programs have been conducted at Inglis Bushland Reserve. Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata) planted in the late 1980s by the Committee of Management, are now well established and actively regenerating with small dense clumps adjacent to mature individuals near the Dam. In 1986 the Committee of Management planted approximately 500 trees with support from DNRE, these included; Buloke (Allocasuarina luehmannii), Murray Pine (Callitris glaucophylla), River Red Gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), Yellow Box (Eucalyptus melliodora), Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa), Lightwood (Acacia implexa), Gold Dust Wattle (Acacia acinacea) and Silver Wattle (Acacia dealbata).

Another revegetation day was organised in September 1993 with children from Katandra West Primary School and Aberfeldie Primary School. They planted hundreds of trees. Unfortunately the region was hit with major floods in October and the plantings were not successful.

The Environmental Management Program (EMP), Parks Victoria and the Committee of Management coordinated a successful revegetation day in April 1998. Children from Katandra West Primary School and other locals including members of the Katandra Landcare group planted over 700 individual seedlings. A range of shrub and overstorey species were planted including: Golden Wattle Acacia pycnantha Gold dust Wattle Acacia acinacea Silver Wattle Acacia dealbata Mallee Wattle Acacia montana Sweet Bursaria Bursaria spinosa Grey Parrot Pea Dillwynia cinerescens River Tea-tree Leptospermum obovatum Drooping Cassinia Cassinia arcuata Buloke Allocasuarina luehmannii White Box Eucalyptus albens Common Eutaxia Eutaxia microphylla Umbrella Wattle Acacia osswaldi River Bottlebrush Callistemon sieberi Lightwood Acacia implexa River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis Weeping Pittosporum Pittosporum phillyreoides

Replacement planting was followed up in April 1999 with a total of 400 seedlings planted. Again a range of indigenous species were used: Mallee Wattle Acacia montana Gold-dust Wattle Acacia acinacea Lightwood Acacia implexa Golden Wattle Acacia pycnantha

Common Eutaxia Eutaxia microphylla Wedge leaf Hop-bush Dodonea cuneata Buloke Allocasuarina leuhmannii

These species are indigenous to the area, however, the source of the seed is not known. Therefore it is not recommended that seed be collected from these trees and shrubs for revegetation purposes.

Indigenous species should be used in revegetation programs, as they are best suited to local environmental conditions and more likely to survive. Some non-indigenous species may be able to thrive in new areas without the burden of natural constraints to population growth.

In September 2002 a planting day was held at Inglis Bushland Reserve to add ground cover species to the Reserve and 70 seedlings were planted. The indigenous ground species planted appear to be: Common Eutaxia Eutaxia microphylla Stalked Plover-daisy Leiocarpa websteri Mulla Mulla Ptilotus exaltatus Feather Heads Ptilotus macrocephalus

Due to the drought, this planting has not had a good success rate, with approximately 12 seedlings surviving as of September 2004. Common Eutaxia and Stalked Plover-daisy are the only two species to survive the drought, with the Stalked Plover-daisy maintaining a better success rate. Figure 5 shows the Stalked Plover Daisy.

Figure 5. Stalked Plover Daisy.

Opportunities exist to enhance the habitat value of the two constructed wetlands by planting appropriate aquatic and semi-aquatic species around the fringe of the dam. Derived benefits would include improved water quality and favourable impact on water flows, increased use of groundwater, and importantly, creation and provision of additional habitat resources for a range

of species. Improved management of the weeds around the wetlands is required before plantings could occur.

Long-term weed control is an essential component of any revegetation program. Rabbit control programs minimising soil disturbance may also need to be implemented with future revegetation programs at this Reserve.

Tyres have been removed from the base of planted Eucalyptus species as part of a working bee and will continue to be removed. It is no longer considered appropriate to use tyres as tree guards in revegetation activities.

4.4.4 Threatened Flora Species Management

A rapid flora assessment was carried out in November 2001. No natural occurring threatened plant species were identified during this survey, however it is possible that there are some threatened species within the Reserve.

In the absence of detailed flora information, a comprehensive list of the species present and any information regarding their numbers, distribution and habitat requirements is unavailable. This type of information is extremely important with regard to the ongoing management of the Reserve. It is recommended that Universities and education institutions be encouraged to conduct monitoring and research within the Reserve as part of their curriculums. This information will then be used to further refine this management plan and management actions within the Reserve. See Appendix three for species list of plants in Inglis Bushland Reserve.

4.5 Wildlife Management

Small patches of native vegetation, such as Inglis Bushland Reserve, may not provide abundant habitat resources for a range of species, however they make an important contribution to “regional systems of habitat” (Bennett et al. 1998, p.69), across the landscape. The Reserve for example, may be an important “stepping stone” in the landscape for the more mobile species such as birds and bats.

4.5.1 Feral Animal Management

A large number of introduced vertebrates, and an unknown number of invertebrate species, have been introduced into the Victorian Riverina. Some of these species impose greater ecological impacts than others and impacts may vary in accordance with seasonal conditions and the characteristics of the invaded site.

Of the 'feral' animals recorded at the Inglis Bushland Reserve, the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is probably the most problematic due to it eating native flora and contributing to dispersal of weed species. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and Hares (Lepus capensis) are also prevalent within the reserve. When controlling rabbit populations care should be taken to minimise soil disturbance. Control of Foxes could be achieved by using ‘Fox Off’ baiting on both the Reserve and adjoining properties.

4.5.2 Threatened Wildlife Management

It is likely that there are species present within the Reserve that are also on the rare or threatened list (in particular the Legless Lizard). To date there has not been an extensive fauna survey of the Inglis Bushland Reserve and consequently no specific details are available regarding the species present, their population numbers, distribution, or habitat requirements. These details are extremely important with regard to the long-term management of the Inglis Bushland Reserve. It is recommended that Universities and education institutions be encouraged to conduct research within the Inglis Bushland Reserve. The information obtained could then be used to further refine this Management Plan and the management actions.

4.6 Cultural Heritage

Records at Aboriginal Affairs Victoria indicate that there are currently no registered Aboriginal archaeological sites within, or in the immediate vicinity of the Inglis Bushland Reserve. However, as far as can be established, the area has not previously been surveyed for archaeological sites. It is therefore emphasised that the absence of recorded values within the reserve does not necessarily indicate that this area is devoid of Aboriginal heritage values.

Under the State Archaeological and Aboriginal Relics Preservation Act 1972 and the Commonwealth Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Heritage Protection Act 1984, all archaeological sites and relics are protected. Damage or disturbance, whether deliberate or inadvertent, without a permit is prohibited.

4.7 Salinity, Watertable and Drainage

The site is prone to occasional inundation associated with flooding along the Congupna - Guilfus Creek. A Surface Drainage Feasibility Study of the Guilfus-Congupna drainage catchment was completed in 1992. A surface drainage scheme has been proposed for the Guilfus-Congupna catchment, however it is unlikely that this will proceed in the near future. In the Surface Drainage Feasibility Study, it was identified that the Inglis Reserve could be used as a retardation area as long as it did not impact upon any of the existing trees (Frankenberg 1992). The Guilfus- Congupna drainage scheme is still in the proposal stages and it is likely to be a long time before construction begins.

There is one water table monitoring bore within the Reserve that is usually dry indicating that the water table is lower than three metres. Regional watertable levels are lower than 3m, but should be monitored over time. The bore should be included with regional monitoring programs, such as Waterwatch, when the program resumes.

4.7 Surrounding Land Use

The relative isolation of this reserve will be restrictive in linking it to other remnants in the landscape, although potential may exist to link remnants along the Congupna Creek. Adjoining landholders should be encouraged to implement habitat enhancement works on their properties. Incentives may be available for the protection and enhancement of remnant vegetation and wetlands on private lands from the DPI Environmental Management Program at Tatura, contact (03) 5833 5222.

4.8 Monitoring the Effectiveness of Management Programs

Monitoring needs to be conducted over the life of the plan at which stage, patterns can be evaluated, and management strategies reviewed. It is beyond the scope of this plan to set

specific criteria for such a monitoring program. These would need to be developed in concert with a regional monitoring program that investigates specific attributes of biodiversity performance. Such attributes may be transferred from the Goulburn Broken Catchment Native Vegetation Strategy. In the interim, it is recommended that the following attributes are considered for inclusion in a monitoring program: • population status and distribution of rare and threatened plant species, • weed invasion patterns and impacts, • effectiveness of weed control strategies, • local water table levels, and • drainage patterns and impacts.

To monitor management strategies effectively, it is essential to select the appropriate (and meaningful) indicators, and ensure these are measured in the right manner, in the right place at the right time. Monitoring programs need to have a clear vision and objective. First, the “problem” or attribute to be monitored needs to be defined. Secondly, the information required to assess changes in the status of the particular attribute needs to be determined and the process for obtaining this information developed. Criteria need to be established at the beginning of the program. The goals and objectives of management should by connection, set the goals and objectives of monitoring. Monitoring programs should also contain an “inbuilt” mechanism to identify the threshold when management intervention will occur.

5 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS

Management recommendations for Inglis Bushland Reserve are presented based on priority. A description of required management actions and the agency or group responsible for implementing each action are included. It is recognised that the implementation of work is directly related to the funds available to the relevant responsible body. PRIORITY MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS High (H) Actions of high priority should be implemented as soon as possible but within the first year of the life of this Plan (following endorsement). These management actions may or may not require the most resources and commitment. On-going Ongoing actions to be implemented over the life of the Plan. Unless otherwise specified, ongoing actions are to be considered the same priority as high priority actions. Medium (M) Actions of medium priority should also be implemented as soon as possible, but focus should be turned to these actions after high priority actions have been addressed. Low (L) Actions of low priority should be considered after high and medium priority actions have been addressed. As needed Management issues or opportunities that may need to be addressed on an infrequent occasion or when a situation or opportunity develops. To be determined by the appropriate management authority in consultation with other stakeholders, including Parks Victoria, the Katandra West Landcare Group and surrounding Landholders.

This management plan will need to be revised and updated, as new information, techniques and or funding become available. The plan should also be revised when major recommendations are implemented.

5.1 Potential Changes to Reservation Status and Management Authority

5.1.1 Reserve Status and Responsible Management Authority

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices After the issues of reservation No capital To be As needed status and management cost required determined responsibility have been determined, (Determination of Native Title), the responsible management authority needs to assess the management objectives and recommendations in this Plan and make appropriate changes as soon as possible in consultation with the relevant stakeholders listed in Appendix One.

5.2 Current Land Use

5.2.1 Recreation

5.2.1.1 Recreation Facilities and Opportunities Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Due to the small size of the reserve No capital IBRCI Parks H and its conservation significance, cost Victoria no facilities such as picnic tables, toilets and rubbish bins or other structures should be erected in the reserve. The Inglis Bushland Reserve No capital IBRCI KWLCG H Committee of Management has cost Parks been active in tree planting within Victoria the reserve. Additional activities to be encouraged include, joint activities with the Katandra West Landcare Group, compiling a list of plant species within the reserve, with the assistance of the local Field Naturalists Group, University of Melbourne Dookie Campus, and spotlight walks.

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Potential exists to promote low $2 000 IBRCI KWLCG M impact education based activities SIRIC within the reserve through the Parks production of an information Victoria brochure.

5.2.1.2 Tracks and Access Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority on 2004 prices Vehicle access gates to be Padlocks and IBRCI IBRCI and H padlocked and a small gate gates visitors to the installed on the north entrance to purchased reserve. allow pedestrian access. Existing January 2005 sign will be altered to include by IBRCI. contact numbers to access a key. Sign alteration Firewood collection has caused in-kind. severe damage to the site, the education programs and fence will continue to discourage the removal of firewood. Keeping the gates closed will reduce potential threats eg, dirt bike riding and wandering stock. The main tracks of the north and No capital cost IBRCI L south side of the creek should be maintained as unformed tracks. No other tracks are to be formed within the Reserve.

5.2.2 Timber Extraction

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Fire wood collection to remain No capital IBRCI H prohibited. cost Increase community awareness No capital IBRCI KWLCG M and regarding the importance of fallen cost SIRIC ongoing. timber for habitat by incorporating information into local newsletters.

5.2.3 Salinity, Watertables and Drainage

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Continue to keep informed of the No capital SIRIC H status of the proposed Guilfus - cost Congupna Primary Drains.

5.2.4 Grazing

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Controlled crash grazing should be No capital IBRCI Parks M permitted, when required for cost Victoria ecological purposes, in early DPI spring/winter, using sheep.

5.3 Vegetation Management

5.3.1 Fire Hazard Management

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Undertake fire suppression $500 and in- IBRCI L measures around the perimeter of kind labour. the reserve by spraying grass with suitable weed spray, in early spring, when required.

5.3.2 Weed Management

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Noxious weeds within the reserve $300/yr IBRCI Parks H to be controlled by the Inglis Victoria

Bushland Committee of Management include; Paterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum), Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium), Prairie Ground Cherry (Physalis viscosa) and Bathurst Burr (Xanthium spinosum). Invasive species requiring Incorporated KWLCG SIRIC H particular attention include: with fire Hoary Cress (Cardaria draba) management. Ryegrass (Lolium sp.), IBRCI Wild oats (Avena fatua), Phalaris (Phalaris sp)., Slender Dock (Rumex sp.), Paspalum (Paspalum dilatum), Great Brome Bromus sp., Horehound Marrubium vulgare and Hoary Cres Lepidium draba. Soil disturbance within the reserve No capital cost IBRCI KWLCG On-going should be minimised during weed control activities. Use of crash grazing under set conditions may be suitable.

5.3.3 Revegetation

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices The trees and shrubs planted in No capital cost SIRIC IBRCI H 1998 and 1999 are indigenous to KWLCG the area, however, the source of Parks the seed is not known, therefore it Victoria is recommended that the seed from these plants is not used for revegetation programs within the area. As a result of previous plantings in $800 (spent on SIRIC IBRCI H the Reserve, there is no need to 2002 KWLCG plant additional trees and shrubs. plantings) Parks Opportunities exist to include Victoria more groundcover plants (see Appendix 7.6 for species list). Due $1000 (for to the drought, the 2002 planting of second ground covers was partially attempt) successful. Appropriate species should be planted in the appropriate locations, after adequate weed control. Soil disturbance must be minimised as an essential component of revegetation activities in order to protect native ground cover species. Re-guarding of some seedlings $50 SIRIC IBRCI, H planted in 1998 and 1999 is KWLCG (completed) required to provide further protection against pest animals Remove tyres from the base of $500 in kind IBRCI H planted Eucalypts and seedlings contribution and remove off-site. (completed) $100 in kind contribution

5.4 Wildlife Management

5.4.1 Feral Animal Management Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Apply for funding to undertake $ 500/yr IBRCI KWLCG On-going rabbit control programs. Undertake yearly control of foxes $300/yr IBRCI DPI On-going within the reserve. Actively encourage landholders to $1 000 in kind KWLCG IBRCI H and on- obtain ‘Fox Off’ baits for fox contribution DSE going control works on adjacent properties. Shooting of feral animals i.e. foxes, $500 in kind IBRCI KWLCG H hares and rabbits within the contribution reserve for management purposes only, no recreational shooting. Display a sign on the gate “No $30 IBRCI H Shooting”.

5.5 Cultural Heritage

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Any potential sites of No capital IBRCI H and on- archaeological significance to be cost going. reported to Aboriginal Affairs Victoria.

5.6 Surrounding Land Use

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices Encourage surrounding No capital KWLCG DPI H and on- landholders to undertake pest costs going animal control works on their properties. Continue to encourage habitat As required SIRIC KWLCG H protection and improvement on through DPI private land in the vicinity of Inglis incentives Bushland Reserve in order to link program the remnant vegetation of the reserve with other remnants

Action Estimated Responsible Supporting Priority cost based Authority Authority on 2004 prices within the region. Advice and financial assistance may be available through DPI.

5.7 Monitoring

Action Estimated Responsibili Supporting Priority cost based ty Authority on 2004 prices Undertake a photo point project Nil IBRCI H Regularly check populations of $250/yr in IBRCI KWLCG On-going feral animals, especially foxes kind Parks rabbits and hares and determine contribution Victoria whether additional control programs are required.

5.8 Ecological Research and Surveys

To achieve best environmental management outcomes for Inglis Bushland Reserve, an adequate understanding of the ecology and conservation status of resident, seasonal and nomadic species is required. The co-ordination or implementation of such programs however, is presently beyond the scope of the Committee of Management. Many of the programs outlined below would make ideal research projects for University Natural Resource Management students.

5.8.1 Co-ordination of Ecological Surveys and Research Action Responsible Support Priority Authority Authority Send letters to all potential SIRIC IBRCI M Universities and TAFE Colleges DPI informing them of the potential research opportunities that exist in the SIR. The following topics relate to Inglis Bushland Reserve.

Studies on the faunal composition of Inglis Bushland Reserve • Conduct rapid faunal assessment on seasonal basis. Bird surveys and spotlighting are particularly encouraged.

Vegetation description and mapping • Conduct a comprehensive vegetation survey • Monitor dieback evident in Grey Box (Eucalyptus microcarpa) adjacent to the wetland margins.

5.9 Summary of Estimated Funding Requirements

A description of the estimated funding requirements needed by the responsible body to successfully implement this plan is included:

5.9.1 Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee Incorporated

CAPITAL COST Spent $ Budget Brochure 2 000 Sign – ‘Please Shut Gate’ 300 Sign – ‘No Shooting’ 30 Total Capital Costs $2 330

ANNUAL MAINTENANCE COST Fire Suppression and weed control 800 Rabbit Control 500 Fox Control 300 Total Annual Maintenance Costs $ 1 600

5.9.2 Shepparton Irrigation Region Implementation Committee

CAPITAL COSTS Spent $ Budget Revegetation 800 1 000 Total Capital Costs $800 $1 000

6 REFERENCES

Bennett A., Brown G., Lumsden L., Hespe D., Krasna S. and Silins J. (1998) Fragments for the Future: Wildlife in the Victorian Riverina (the Northern Plains), Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

Bureau of Meteorology Web Site: (September 2004)

Carr G. W., Yugovic J.C. & Robinson K.E. (1992) Environmental Weed Invasions in Victoria: Conservation and Management Implications. Department of Conservation and Environment and Ecological Horticulture Pty. Ltd.

Clark T. (1996) Identification and protection of relict box woodlands in the eastern Victorian Riverina. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

Department of Natural Resources and Environment (1997) Victoria’s Biodiversity Strategy: Directions in Management. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Victoria.

Frankenberg R.& J. (1992) Guilfus-Congupna Community Drainage Group Surface Drainage Feasibility Study Final Report. Carr McNamara & Muir Pty Ltd, Shepparton.

Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority (1997) Catchment Strategy – Final. Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority

Goulburn Broken Region Salinity Pilot Program Advisory Council (1989) Draft Shepparton Irrigation Region Land and Water Salinity Management Plan.

Land Conservation Council (1983) Report on the Murray Valley Area. Land Conservation Council, Victoria.

Young M. (1995) Shepparton Irrigation Region Land and Water Salinity Management Strategic Plan: The Second five years.

7 APPENDICES

7.1 Appendix One: Community Consultation

List of Agencies, Groups and Individuals invited to comment on the Draft Management Plan for the Inglis Bushland Reserve.

• Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management

• Katandra West Landcare Group

• Landholders with properties adjacent to the Inglis Bushland Reserve

• SIR Implementation Committee of the Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority

• Aboriginal Affairs Victoria ( John Tunn)

• Department of Natural Resources and Environment

• Flora and Fauna

• Parks Victoria

• Goulburn-Murray Water

• Broken Creek Field Naturalists

• City of Greater Shepparton

• Jenni Ward (Katandra West Landcare Group)

• Karen Rogers (Katandra West Landcare Group)

• Emiel van Steeg (Landholder)

• Peter Laws (Katandra West Landcare Group and Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management)

• Ian Klein (Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management)

• George Spring (Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management)

• Ron and Margaret Mason (Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management)

• Joy and Gary Lawson (Inglis Bushland Reserve Committee of Management)

• Bruce Wehner (Parks Victoria)

• Department of Primary Industries

• Department of Sustainability and Environment

7.2 Appendix Two: Extract from Final Draft ECC recommendations for Natural Feature Reserves (H).

Natural features reserves, according to their specific characteristics, be used to: (a) protect natural features and values; (b) provide opportunities for: (i) education ad passive recreation such as picnicking, walking and where relevant, fishing, and (ii) more intensive recreation such as camping where specified; (c) conserve indigenous flora and fauna; (d) protect areas with remnant vegetation or habitat value; (e) provide protection for historic and Aboriginal cultural values and sites; (f) preserve features of geological or geomorphological interest; (g) maintain scenic features and the character and quality of the local landscape; and: (h) commercial timber harvesting not be permitted; (i) some firewood may be available from thinning for ecological management, subject to research and the approval of the land manager, (j) exploration for minerals be permitted, and mining, subject to decisions on particular cases; (k) prospecting and apiculture be generally permitted; (l) grazing generally not be permitted, unless required for short periods by the land manager; (m) unused road reserves adjoining natural feature reserves be added to those reserves where appropriate; and they be permanently reserved under the Crown Land (Reserves) Act 1978, and managed by the Department of Natural Resources and Environment (now Department of Sustainability and Environment).

7.3 Appendix Three: Flora Species List (November 2001) Naturally Occurring Plants Rapid Flora Survey - Inglis Bushland Reserve (29-11-01 Howey Marshall and Kate Brunt)

Scientific Name Common Name Avena fatua* Wild Oat Lolium spp* Rye Grass Bromus diandrus* Great Brome Rumex spp* Dock Austrodanthonia spp Wallaby Grass Austrodanthonia spp Wallaby Grass Silybum marianum* Varigated (milk) Thistle Sida corrugata Variable (corrugated) Sida Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush Austrostipa ssp Spear Grass Carex inversa Knob Sedge Rumex brownii* Slender Dock lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-Rush Elymus scaber var.scaber Common Wheat Grass Chamaesyce drummondii Flat Spurge (milkweed) Echium plantagineum* Paterson’s Curse Cirsium vulgare* Spear Thistle Cynodon dactylon* Couch Grass Lepidium draba* Hoary Cress Sagittaria brevirostrata* Arrowhead Hordeum leporinum Barley Grass Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed Solanum quadriloculatum Wild Tomato Sclerolaena muricata Black Roly-Poly Marsilea drummondii Common Nardoo Amphibromus neesii Southern Swamp Wallaby Grass Whalleya proluta Rigid Panic Acacia acinacea Gold Dust Wattle Eucalyptus microcarpa Grey Box Phalaris aquatica* Phalaris Conyza spp* Fleabane Marrubium vulgare Horehound Enteropogon acicularis Spider Grass * Denotes introduced species

Species Established from plantings (from 1986 onwards). Scientific Name Common Name Callitris glaucophylla Murray Pine Allocausarina luehannii Buloke Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Acacia implexa Lightwood Cassinia arcuata Drooping Cassinia Eutaxia microphylla Common Eutaxia

Vittadinia cuneata New Holland Daisy Dodonea cuneata Hopbush Leiocarpa websteri Plover Stalked Daisy Acacia montana Mallee Wattle Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Sweet Bursaria Dillwynia cinerascens Grey Parrot-pea Leptospermum obovatum River Tea-tree Acacia oswaldi Umbrella wattle Eucalyptus albens White box Callistemon sieberi River Bottlebrush Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red Gum

7.4 Appendix Four: Fauna Survey

Inglis Bushland Reserve Fauna List Completed by Peter Laws 07/01/02 Birds Common Name Scientific Name Black faced Cuckoo-shrike Coracina novaehollandiae Australian Magpie Gymnorhina tibicen Willie Wagtail # Rhipidura leucophrys Grey Fantail Rhipidura fuliginosa Yellow-rumped Thornbill Acanthiza chrysorrhoa Striated Pardalote # Pardalotus striatus Welcome Swallow Hirundo neoxena White-plumed Honeyeater # Lichenostomus penicillatus Noisy Miner # Manorina melanocephala Galah # Cacatua roseicapillas Red-rumped Parrot # Psephotus haematonotus Crested Pigeon Ocyphaps lophotes Australian Raven Corvus coronoides Brown Falcon # Falco berigora Barn Owl Tyto alba Tawny Frogmouth # Podargus strigoides Laughing Kookaburra Dacelo novaeguineae Australian White Ibis Threskiornis molucca Straw-necked Ibis Threskiornis spinicollis Pacific Black Duck Anas superciliosa Grey Teal Anas gracilis Australian Wood Duck Chenonetta jubata Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Australian Pelican Pelecanus conspicillatus Common Starling*# Sturnus vulgaris Common Myna*# Acridotheres tristis European Goldfinch*# Carduelis carduelis House Sparrow*# Passer domesticus Pallid Cuckoo Cuculus pallidus Eastern Rosella Platycercus eximius Black-shouldered Kite Elanus axillaris White-faced Heron Egretta novaehollandiae White-necked Heron Ardea pacifica Mammals Common Ringtail Possum # Pseudocheirus peregrinus Common Brushtail Possum Trichogurus vulpecula # European Rabbit* # Oryctolagus cuniculus Fox* Vulpes vulpes Frogs Peron's Tree Frog # Litoria peronii

* Denotes introduced # Breeding at Inglis Bushland Reserve, 07/01/02.

7.5 Appendix Five: Proposed Ground Cover Revegetation Species List

Scientific Name Common Name Carex inversa Knob Sedge Dianella longifolia Pale Flax-lily Dianella admixta Black-anther Flax-lily Austrodanthonia caespitosa Common Wallaby-grass Austrostipa scabra Rough Spear-grass Calocephalus citreus Lemon Beauty-heads Chrysocephalus semipapposum Clustered Everlasting Pimelea curviflora Curved Rice-flower Vittadina cervicularia Pink New Holland Daisy Vittadina cuneata Common New Holland Daisy Atriplex semibaccata Berry Salt Bush Einadia nutans Nodding Salt Bush Enchylaena tomentosa Ruby Salt Bush Marieana decalvans Black Cotton-bush Maireana enchylaenoides Wingless Bluebush Sclerolaena muricata Black Roly-poly Eutaxia microphylla Common Eutaxia Ptilotus spathulatus Pussy Tails Leiocarpa websteri Stalked Plover-daisy