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Resaerch on the Creation and Booming of Bird Fu in the Han Dynasty
2021 4th International Conference on Arts, Linguistics, Literature and Humanities (ICALLH 2021) Resaerch on the Creation and Booming of Bird Fu in the Han Dynasty Qunyi Ma ,Shinian Ma* Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China *corresponding author:Shinian Ma Keywords: Poems on birds in the han dynasty, General situation of creation, Reasons for rise, Ideological connotation Abstract: The literature with birds as the subject has gone through the profound literary accumulation in the pre-Qin period. In the Han Dynasty, the subject of birds and the Han Fu achieved a perfect combination, forming a unique style of the Han Fu. This unique style is manifested in profound cultural accumulation, profound ideological connotation and distinctive artistic achievements. Bird Fu can be greatly developed in the Han Dynasty. On the one hand, it is related to the prosperity of Fu style literature. On the other hand, the unified and stable social environment of the Han Dynasty, the preference of the rulers for Fu, the frequent banquet activities and the interaction between writers Influence has a very important driving effect. The bird poetry of the Han Dynasty showed rich ideological connotation through the ways of embedding Taoism into things, borrowing things to chanting virtue, and entrusting things to express their will. 1. Introduction As early as the “Book of Songs” in the pre-Qin Dynasty, “birds” have entered literary works as a literary image. By the time of the Han Dynasty, the subject of birds had already entered the vision of fu masters, for example, when Jia Yi lived in Changsha, Wang Taifu wrote “Fu on the Birds. -
Contents More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02077-1 — The Cambridge History of China Edited by Albert E. Dien , Keith N. Knapp Table of Contents More Information CONTENTS List of Figures and Tables page x List of Maps xiii Preface xv Six Dynasties Chronology xviii Introduction 1 part 1 history 25 1 Wei 27 by R AFE DE C RESPIGNY Prologue: The Fall of Han (189) 27 Civil War and the Rise of Cao Cao (190–200) 28 Development of a State (200–208) 32 The Limits of Expansion (208–217) 35 From Kingdom to Empire (216–220) 39 Cao Pi and Cao Rui (220–239) 42 Cao Shuang, Sima Yi, and the Fall of Wei (239–265) 46 2 Wu 50 by R AFE DE C RESPIGNY Sun Jian (c.155–191) and Sun Ce (175–200) 50 Sun Quan and the Kingdom of Wu (200–222) 52 The Empire of Sun Quan (222–252) 57 The Succession to Sun Quan and the Fall of Wu (252–280) 61 3 Shu-Han 66 by J. M ICHAEL F ARMER © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02077-1 — The Cambridge History of China Edited by Albert E. Dien , Keith N. Knapp Table of Contents More Information iv contents The Shu Region in the Late Han 66 The Reign of Liu Yan and Liu Zhang 67 Liu Bei’s Conquest of Yi Province 68 The Reign of Liu Bei (214–223) 70 The Reign of Liu Shan (223–263) 73 4 Western Jin 79 by D AMIEN C HAUSSENDE The Prehistory of the Jin: The Rise of the Sima Clan under the Wei 79 The Reign of Emperor Wu (266–290) 84 The Disturbances of the Eight Princes and the Fall of the Western Jin 92 5 Eastern Jin 96 by C HARLES H OLCOMBE The Founding of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317–420) 96 Émigrés and Natives 98 Wang Dun’s Rebellion 103 Great-Family Politics 106 Huan Wen 109 The Battle of the Fei River 112 The End of the Eastern Jin 114 An Evaluation 117 6 The Sixteen Kingdoms 119 by C HARLES H OLCOMBE The Emerging Threat 119 The Roads to the Fei River 125 After the Fei River Encounter 137 7 Cheng-Han State 145 by T ERRY F. -
Research on Taoist Daily Clothing in Han and Tang Dynasties
Asian Social Science; Vol. 16, No. 5; 2020 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Research on Taoist Daily Clothing in Han and Tang Dynasties Rong Yang1 & Xiaoming Yang2 1 College of Humanities, Donghua University, Songjiang, Shanghai, China Correspondence: Xiaoming Yang, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Songjiang, Shanghai, 201620, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: April 2, 2020 Accepted: April 26, 2020 Online Published: April 30, 2020 doi:10.5539/ass.v16n5p92 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n5p92 Abstract From the perspective of the form of Taoist daily clothing in the early Han Dynasty, Sui and Tang Dynasties was the beginning of the secularization of Taoist clothing. In the Five Dynasties, taking the legal clothing as the prototype, the secular Taoist clothing "Beizi" was derived, which made the Taoist clothing no longer belong to the exclusive use of the ruling class and Taoists, and finally made it secularized. Keywords: Taoism clothing, Taoist daily clothing, Han and Tang dynasties The regular clothes in Taoist clothing are the daily clothing worn by Taoists, and their form is based on the principle of simplicity, which embodies the connotation of "dress shabbily in order to hide one's real worth ". All the literati wear Taoist clothing (Taoists' regular clothes). Therefore, Taoist daily clothing and secular clothing influence each other and become an indispensable part of secular clothing in the future. 1. The End of Han Dynasty The clothing of Taoist groups in early ancient times were not specially customized. The well-known peasant uprising of “TaiPing Dao” in Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Jiao wears a "yellow scarf". -
MAJOR PERIODS in CHINESE HISTORY Dynasty Or Period Dates Major Developments in Religion Shang (Yin) 15Th-11Th C. BCE Ritual
MAJOR PERIODS IN CHINESE HISTORY Dynasty or Period Dates Major Developments in Religion Shang (Yin) 15th-11th c. BCE Ritual: divination and sacrifice by Shang kings. Zhou Western: 11th-8th c. BCE Doctrine of Mandate of Heaven; Beginnings of Five Classics Eastern: 8th-3rd c. BCE “Spring & Autumn” 722-481 BCE Confucius (Classical “Warring States” 480-221 BCE Mencius, Xunzi Confucianism) “Laozi,” Zhuangzi (Classical Daoism) Qin 221-206 BCE Legalism as government ideology. Former Han 206 BCE - 9 CE Confucianism becomes state orthodoxy. Xin 9 - 23 CE Wang Mang, the "usurper" Latter Han 23-220 CE Beginnings of Daoist religion; Buddhism enters China Six Dynasties (disunion) 220-589 Daoism and Buddhism flourish; (or Wei-Jin period and Confucianism declines Northern and Southern dynasties) Sui 589-618 New schools of Buddhism: Pure Land, Tiantai, Huayan, and Chan Tang 618-907 845: suppression of Buddhism Precursors of Neo-Confucian revival (e.g. Han Yu) Five Dynasties 907-960 Daoism continues to develop. Song 960-1279 Confucian revival (Neo-Confucianism); Northern: 960-1127 Pure Land and Chan Buddhism flourish. (1127: Jurchen take over Northern China) Southern: 1127-1279 (1279: Mongols take over all of China) Yüan (Mongol) 1279-1368 Zhu Xi’s Neo-Confucianism becomes orthodox Ming 1368-1644 Wang Yang-ming’s Neo-Confucianism Qing (Manchu) 1644-1911 Critical study (kaozheng) of ancient texts; Western learning enters China; Tibetan Buddhism supported by Manchu rulers. Republic of China (ROC) 1911- Confucian bureaucratic and education systems dropped; traditional religions maintained. 1949: defeated by Communist revolution, driven to Taiwan, martial law until 1987. People’s Republic of China 1949- Under Mao Zedong (d. -
Chinese Foreign Aromatics Importation
CHINESE FOREIGN AROMATICS IMPORTATION FROM THE 2ND CENTURY BCE TO THE 10TH CENTURY CE Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University. by Shiyong Lu The Ohio State University April 2019 Project Advisor: Professor Scott Levi, Department of History 1 Introduction Trade served as a major form of communication between ancient civilizations. Goods as well as religions, art, technology and all kinds of knowledge were exchanged throughout trade routes. Chinese scholars traditionally attribute the beginning of foreign trade in China to Zhang Qian, the greatest second century Chinese diplomat who gave China access to Central Asia and the world. Trade routes on land between China and the West, later known as the Silk Road, have remained a popular topic among historians ever since. In recent years, new archaeological evidences show that merchants in Southern China started to trade with foreign countries through sea routes long before Zhang Qian’s mission, which raises scholars’ interests in Maritime Silk Road. Whether doing research on land trade or on maritime trade, few scholars concentrate on the role of imported aromatics in Chinese trade, which can be explained by several reasons. First, unlike porcelains or jewelry, aromatics are not durable. They were typically consumed by being burned or used in medicine, perfume, cooking, etc. They might have been buried in tombs, but as organic matters they are hard to preserve. Lack of physical evidence not only leads scholars to generally ignore aromatics, but also makes it difficult for those who want to do further research. -
Lecture Notes, by James Cahill Note: the Image Numbers in These Lecture
Lecture Notes, by James Cahill Note: The image numbers in these lecture notes do not exactly coincide with the images onscreen but are meant to be reference points in the lectures’ progression. Lecture 3. Six Dynasties Painting and Pictorial Designs Introduction I must begin with a note on nomenclature. I’m using an old-fashioned name for this period, which is the almost four centuries between two great unified dynasties, the Han and the Tang. In the Three Thousand Years of Chinese Painting book, it is called the “Three Kingdoms, Two Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties.” This is more accurate but ponderous. Thorp and Vinograd call it the “Age of the Dharma: The Period of Division,” emphasizing the rise of Buddhism in this period, and the lack of any single ruling power in north and south. I will use the old, somewhat discredited term for convenience. As I emphasized at the beginning, you will have to get historical background elsewhere; I’m not going to lecture at length on the complexities of Six Dynasties power struggles, the rise and fall of states. Nor will I give you more than the simplest remarks on Buddhism, which are that it enters China from India, by sea and later through Central Asia, already in the Han period and becomes a great force in Chinese civilization in the centuries that follow. I was never strong in Buddhist art, and I won’t show much of it in these lectures. I will completely leave out, for instance, the wall paintings in the Buddhist caves at Dunhuang, the site in the far northwest of China. -
Daoist Hermitage in the Six Dynasties
Journal of chinese humanities 4 (2018) 125-149 brill.com/joch A View of History from the Mountains: Daoist Hermitage in the Six Dynasties Wei Bin 魏斌 Professor of History, Wuhan University, China [email protected] Translated by Casey Lee Abstract During the Six Dynasties period, the cultural landscape of the mountains underwent a transformation. Most notable among these were the appearance of monasteries and Daoist temples as well as the system of immortals’ grottos and estates that accom- panied the latter. Because of this shift, mountains began to constitute a special reli- gious and cultural space. Two factors contributed to this shift. The first was religious, specifically, the movement of Daoist and Buddhist practice into mountain retreats. The second was political, namely, how political power was shaped by new geopoliti- cal configurations centered on the city of Jiankang (Nanjing). With these two factors at work, a new cultural form and spatial configuration emerged from the mountains that reflects the intimate relationship between the Six Dynasties politics, society, and culture. Keywords Buddhist monasteries – Daoist hermitage – mountains – ritual sacrifice – Six Dynasties … What lies in the mountains? Beyond the peak many white clouds © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, 2019 | doi:10.1163/23521341-12340061Downloaded from Brill.com02/27/2021 01:45:00AM via communal account 126 Wei Alone I enjoy the scene With no means to relay it to you —Tao Hongjing 陶弘景 [456-536] ∵ How do we understand the historical changes that took place between the Han dynasty [202 BCE-220 CE] and the Tang dynasty [618-907]? The academic works of the past century include many nuanced investigations of this topic. -
"The Style and Dating of Yue Ware In
"THE STYLE AND DATING OF YUE WARE IN - THE NINTH AND TENTH CENTURIES ON THE BASIS OF RECENT CHINESE ARCHAEOLOGY _ > > *" ' ■ 'J VOLUME I TEXT LAI SUK YEE Submitted for the Degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts School of Oriental and African Studies University of London June, 1981. ProQuest Number: 10672720 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672720 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 Abstract The first chapter introduces the background to Yue ware, the green ware produced over the period from the eighth to the eleventh century in Zhejiang province, and describes both the historical situation within the period . '• / and the ceramic tradition of the region. The second chapter discusses the literature relating to Yue ware. On account of the existence of written records, Yue ware survived descriptively and was finally identi fied. These literary works still remain a valuable record of traditional Chinese connois- seurship on Yue ware, and demand serious study notwithstanding the availability of the artefacts. -
Song Dynasty Culture: Political Crisis and the Great Turn
General Survey Course Materials (R. Eno) Song Dynasty Culture: Political Crisis and the Great Turn The Song Dynasty, like the Zhou and the Han, is a dynasty whose history is split in two. The dates of the dynasty are 960-1279, but in 1127, an invasion of North China by a nomad people called the Jurchens forced the Song court to flee to the South, and from that year to the dynasty’s end, China was divided in two, with the Jurchens presiding over North China from their capital near modern Beijing, and the Chinese Song court based in the city of Hangzhou, near the Yangzi River delta. The two eras of the Song are distinguished in the historical records by being assigned the names “Northern Song” and “Southern Song.” The early Song state The Five Dynasties and the founding of the Song. During the decades following the fal of the Tang, control of China was deeply fragmented. In North China, five successive ruling houses, which were little more than warlord military powers, controlled most of the Yellow River valley region, while in the South, a different array of ten states existed Shang c. 1700 – 1045 BCE during the period (which is therefore Zhou 1045 – 256 BCE sometimes called the period of “five Qin 221 – 208 BCE dynasties and ten kingdoms”). North China Han 206 BCE – 220 CE faced the particular pressure of military “Six Dynasties” 220 – 589 incursions by non-Chinese peoples of the Sui 589 – 617 Tang 618 – 907 northern steppe; among these, a Mongol “Five Dynasties” 907 – 960 tribe known as the Khitans were the greatest Song 960 – 1279 ◄ threat. -
Relations Between the Southern Dynasties (Nanchao) and the Xiyu*
International Journal of Korean History (Vol.18 No.1, Feb. 2013) 39 Relations between the Southern Dynasties (Nanchao) and the Xiyu* Cho, Yun Jae (Cho Yunjae)** Introduction Before Nanchao, there had already been frequent exchange of people throughout the Han Dynasty, three Kingdoms and Wei-Jin period. Thus perception towards the Western Regions has been matured. But the frequency and scale of cultural exchange were varied depending on political tuburlence of China. In particular, conflicts between the south and the north during the Nanchao period, had distracted the direct contacts and exchange of goods and people. On the other hand, internal political turmoil within Roman Empire affected the cultural exchange network between the west and east. Relations between the Beichao and the Western Regions were active with a favored geographic environment and shared historical ties1. However, the diplomatic relationship between Nanchao and the Western Regions had never been cut off2. Paths were more diversified by securing west- south route and the southern coast route, facilitating the direct contact with the Western Regions3. Even the cultural exchange between Nanchao and Beichao was more flexible and active than we assume. In particular, ** This work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (KRF-2009-32A-A00026). ** Assistant Professor, Department of History and Archaeology, Inje University 40 Relations between the Southern Dynasties (Nanchao) and the Xiyu various trade schemes of Nanchao have been underestimated, compared to those of Beichao. The simple biased view to understand Chinese ancient traffic routes led to assumption that interchange between Nanchao and the Western Regions was repressed due to political conflicts between Nanchao and Beichao. -
Migration, Identity, and Colonial Fantasies in a Fifth- Century Story Collection
The Journal of Asian Studies Vol. 80, No. 1 (February) 2021: 113–127. © The Association for Asian Studies, Inc. 2021 doi:10.1017/S0021911820003630 Migration, Identity, and Colonial Fantasies in a Fifth- Century Story Collection XIAOFEI TIAN Keywords: anomaly account (zhiguai), ethnicity, gender, identity, local cult, Man peoples, migration, settler colonialism, sexuality, social class T THE TURN OF the fifth century, a story about a man contesting real estate with a ghost Acirculated in several different versions in South China. In one of the versions, a young man discovered three lacquer coffins when digging a tomb for his deceased father and had the coffins reburied elsewhere. That night, he dreamed of Lu Su 魯肅 (172–217), the powerful minister in the southern Kingdom of Wu, who angrily announced that he would exact revenge. He also dreamed of his late father, who told him that Lu Su was fighting with him over the gravesite. Later, the young man found copious blood on his father’s seating mat.1 In the early fourth century, after the fall of the Jin capital Luoyang to the non-Han nomadic peoples, the royal house of the Jin dynasty and the great families of the north crossed the Yangzi River and established the Eastern Jin (317–420), with Jiankang 建 康 (modern Nanjing) as the new capital. In the story cited above, the deceased father, Wang Boyang 王伯陽, was likely a member of the aristocratic Wang clan from Langye (in modern Shandong), since his wife was none other than the niece of the famous min- ister Xi Jian 郗鑒 (269–339) of Gaoping (also in modern Shandong), as these northern aristocratic families maintained a strict code of intermarriage.2 The Langye Wang clan had settled not far from Jiankang, formerly the capital of the Kingdom of Wu. -
On Textile Poetry in Textile Social History in Qin and Han Dynasties
Asian Social Science; Vol. 16, No. 4; 2020 ISSN 1911-2017 E-ISSN 1911-2025 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education On Textile Poetry in Textile Social History in Qin and Han Dynasties Chunguang Ren1 & Xiaoming Yang1 1 College of Humanities, Donghua University, Songjiang, Shanghai, China Correspondence: Xiaoming Yang, College of Humanities, Donghua University, Songjiang, Shanghai, 201620, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: March 11, 2020 Accepted: March 29, 2020 Online Published: March 30, 2020 doi:10.5539/ass.v16n4p65 URL: https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v16n4p65 Abstract This paper begins with the textile poetry of the Qin and Han dynasties. Using the method of mutual proof of poetic history，as far as possible from the textile production, textile technology, textile trade and textile culture to outline a complete clue of the history of the textile society in the Qin and Han dynasties. Trying to clarify the changes of textile culture and costume system in ancient China and to explore the relationship between textile production and social-economic development. Keywords: Han Fu, Qin and Han dynasties, Textile Poetry, Textile Culture, Costume Culture From book of songs to Chu Ci, Han Fu and poems in the Tang Dynasty, Song iambic verse and Yuan drama, through the poetry of dynasties, we can clearly see Chinese poets' insight into development of social economy and people's livelihood, as well as their patriotic feelings. The Qin and Han dynasties were a period of social and cultural transformation in China. After the Warring States Period of the beacon fire smoke, writers absorbed the Warring States Period of prose and Chu Ci writing techniques, developed a new poetry genre in the history of Chinese literature - Han Fu.