Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Chiltern District Council

Chiltern District Council

Air Quality Annual Status Report (ASR) 2020

In fulfilment of Part IV of the Environment Act 1995 Local Air Quality Management

Date: June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chiltern District Council

Local Authority Officer Cerys Williams

Department Strategic Environment King George V House, King George V Road, Address Amersham HP6 5AW

Telephone 01895 837216 E-mail Envhealth.csb@buckinghamshire.gov.uk Report Reference ASR2020CDC number Date June 2020

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 Chiltern District Council

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area Air Quality in Chiltern District Council

Air pollution is associated with a number of adverse health impacts. It is recognised as a contributing factor in the onset of heart disease and cancer. Additionally, air pollution particularly affects the most vulnerable in society: children and older people, and those with heart and lung conditions. There is also often a strong correlation with equalities issues, because areas with poor air quality are also often the less affluent areas1,2.

The annual health cost to society of the impacts of particulate matter alone in the UK is estimated to be around £16 billion3.

Concentrations of Nitrogen Dioxide monitored within the Air Quality Management Area did not breach the objectives during 2019. Unlike 2018 when there was a slight increase in concentrations there was a significant reduction in concentrations of NO2 throughout the district in 2019. This included results from monitoring locations inside the AQMA. Chiltern District Council will wait to see if this trend continues before considering revoking the AQMA.

On 1st April 2020 Buckinghamshire Council was created and became the local authority for the area previously covered by the four district councils, namely Aylesbury Vale District Council, Chiltern District Council, South Bucks District Council and Wycombe District Council and also Buckinghamshire County Council. Although published soon after 1st April 2020, this report refers to work carried out pre unitary therefore to avoid confusion for the final year this report is written and published as Chiltern District Council.

Actions to Improve Air Quality

Clean Air Day 2019 Chiltern District Council and going forward are supporters of Global Action Plan’s Clean Air Day. On the day the council supported the charity by sending messages out on social media raising awareness on the importance of reducing emissions as well as how we can protect

1 Environmental equity, air quality, socioeconomic status and respiratory health, 2010 2 Air quality and social deprivation in the UK: an environmental inequalities analysis, 2006 3 Defra. Abatement cost guidance for valuing changes in air quality, May 2013

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 i Chiltern District Council ourselves from exposure. Chiltern and South Bucks District Council staff also took part in a Clean Air Day Quiz.

Low Emission Strategy

The 2018 Air Quality Workshop instigated the setup of a multiagency task and finish work group to develop a Buckinghamshire Wide Low Emission Strategy to tackle air quality across the County. The group has been developing a strategy throughout 2019 and it is hoped that it will be available for circulation in 2020.

Air Quality Action Plan Update

The 2007 action plan was reviewed and transferred onto the current AQAP template that was developed by Defra. This would align it with the new AQAP developed in South Bucks and will make it easier to combine the two should it be found necessary in the future. As part of this process an updated source apportionment calculation was undertaken to establish if there should be a change of focus in the plan. The main source of emissions are diesel cars. This has changed since the original Further Assessment was published when the main source was considered to be HGVs. More information on the Source Apportionment

Study can be seen in the action plan.

Conclusions and Priorities

High Speed Rail 2

The recent Oakervee Review carried an endorsement to progress Phase 1 of HS2 and the second stage notice to proceed has now been issued. Consequently, works activity will increase substantially however it is not expected that there will be any significant impacts on air quality in the area. The works for the next year will be predominantly preparation for the excavation of five vent shafts at Chalfont St Peter, Chalfont St Giles, Amersham, Little Missenden, Chesham Lane and a deep cutting near Great Missenden. The preparation includes junction widening at critical junctions on the local road network and mobilisation of compounds and associated haul roads. Air quality monitoring will be undertaken in accordance with Section 7 of the Code of Construction Practice (CoCP) by HS2 and its contractors. Dust and LAQM pollutants are included. The council is provided with monthly reports that include a summary of the construction activities occurring, any complaints received, the data recorded over the monitoring period broken down into appropriate time

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 ii Chiltern District Council periods, any periods in exceedance of the agreed trigger levels and the results of any investigations and identified source; and, where the works have been found to be the source, any action taken to immediately resolve the issue and to prevent a recurrence. In addition to this, Council Officers have located NO2 diffusion tubes within the district at sites identified as potential lorry routes which might be used by the project. When combined with

HS2’s reporting, the data from these will help officers assess whether impacts on NO2 concentrations have occurred. The Council will continue to work on behalf of its residents to ensure that there are no breaches of the environmental minimum requirements which underpin the Act. If a breach occurs in relation to air quality commitments it will be reported to the Secretary of State.

Chesham Masterplan

The Chesham Masterplan is an alternative put forward by the Community Interest Company Chesham Renaissance to the Councils proposed Local plan to provide additional housing in Chesham. Its aim is to provide new residential accommodation, not in the Green Belt around the town but within the town itself. It accepts an increase in population density, and welcomes capital investment and long term inward investment which will result from this. The Chesham Masterplan is now in its second stage. It includes the town centre and surrounds. Enabling and delivery phases are currently in progress for the programme of works with initial planning applications for individual projects within the programme scheduled for submission commencing in Q4 2019. Stage 3 of the Chesham Masterplan, covering the area south of the High Street, was scheduled to be commissioned in Q4 2019. The Strategic Environment team will endeavour to ensure that the masterplan does not increase congestion within the town centre and in turn reduce air quality.

Local Plan A consultation on the Chiltern and South Bucks Local Plan 2036 was undertaken from 7 June until 23 August 2019. The Strategic Environment Team responded with comments to ensure that Air Quality was given ample consideration. The comments which were submitted during the consultation will assist the independent Planning Inspector, on behalf of the Secretary of State, in determining whether or not the Local Plan is sound, legally compliant and fulfils the Duty to Co-operate. The emerging Chiltern and South Bucks Local Plan 2036 was submitted for independent examination on 26 September 2019. Stage 1 hearings to be held in 2020.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iii Chiltern District Council Local Engagement and How to get Involved

There are increasing opportunities within the Chiltern District Council area to use sustainable transport options, such as improved walking routes and cycling routes: http://www.chilternsaonb.org/explore-enjoy/walks-rides.html.

The new Travel to Amersham and Chesham maps produced by Bucks County Council provides information on how to travel sustainably from one town to the other. Electronic copies can be found on http://www.buckscc.gov.uk/services/transport-and-roads/buses- and-trains/bus-cycle-and-walking-route-maps/

Further information relating to air quality can be found on the council’s award winning web page: http://www.bucksairquality.co.uk/

The site provides a wealth of information suitable for all backgrounds and ages on air quality. It has been developed following requests and feedback from local schools interested in air quality and environmental issues, and residents that need more detailed information

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 iv Chiltern District Council Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Air Quality in Our Area...... i Air Quality in Chiltern District Council...... i Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... i Conclusions and Priorities ...... ii Local Engagement and How to get Involved ...... iv 1 Local Air Quality Management ...... 1 2 Actions to Improve Air Quality ...... 2 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas ...... 2 2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Chiltern District Council ...... 4

2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations ...... 9 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance ...... 10 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken ...... 10 3.1.1 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 10 3.2 Individual Pollutants ...... 10

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)...... 10 Appendix A: Monitoring Results ...... 12 Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019 ...... 20 Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC ...... 23 Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs ...... 25 Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 27 Glossary of Terms ...... 28 References ...... 29

List of Tables Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas ...... 3 Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality ...... 6 Table A.2 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites ...... 12 Table A.3 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results ...... 15 Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019 ...... 20 Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England ...... 27

List of Figures

Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations ...... 18

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 v Chiltern District Council

1 Local Air Quality Management This report provides an overview of air quality in Chiltern District Council during 2019 It fulfils the requirements of Local Air Quality Management (LAQM) as set out in Part IV of the Environment Act (1995) and the relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents.

The LAQM process places an obligation on all local authorities to regularly review and assess air quality in their areas, and to determine whether or not the air quality objectives are likely to be achieved. Where an exceedance is considered likely the local authority must declare an Air Quality Management Area (AQMA) and prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) setting out the measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of the objectives. This Annual Status Report (ASR) is an annual requirement showing the strategies employed by Chiltern District Council and Buckinghamshire Council going forward to improve air quality and any progress that has been made.

The statutory air quality objectives applicable to LAQM in England can be found in Table E.1 in Appendix E.

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2 Actions to Improve Air Quality 2.1 Air Quality Management Areas

Air Quality Management Areas (AQMAs) are declared when there is an exceedance or likely exceedance of an air quality objective. After declaration, the authority must prepare an Air Quality Action Plan (AQAP) within 12-18 months setting out measures it intends to put in place in pursuit of compliance with the objectives.

A summary of AQMAs declared by Chiltern District Council can be found in Table 2.1. Further information related to declared or revoked AQMAs, including maps of AQMA boundaries are available online at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/local-authorities?la_id=60. You can see full list at https://uk-air.defra.gov.uk/aqma/list. Alternatively, see Appendix D – Maps of Monitoring Locations and AQMA, which provides for a map of air quality monitoring locations in relation to the AQMA.

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Table 2.1 – Declared Air Quality Management Areas

Is air Level of Exceedance quality in (maximum the monitored/modelled Action Plan Pollutant AQMA concentration at a Date of s and Air influence location of relevant City / One Line AQMA Name Declaratio Quality d by exposure) Town Description n Objective roads s controlle At Date of d by Declaratio Now Name Publicatio Link Highways n n England?

A small part of Air the A416 Qualit Declared Broad NO2 including y 20th Chesha 5 µg/m 3 µg/m www.chiltern.gov.uk/revi Street/Berkhampste Annual Broad Street NO Action 2019 August m 0 3 6 3 ew ad Road Mean and Plan 2007 Berkhampstea (AQAP d Road ) 2019

☒ Chiltern District Council confirm the information on UK-Air regarding their AQMA(s) is up to date

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2.2 Progress and Impact of Measures to address Air Quality in Chiltern District Council

Defra’s appraisal of last year’s ASR concluded that the report written by Chiltern District Council was acceptable and agreed with the decisions made. However, comments were provided on how the report could be improved in 2020. These have been taken on board and carried out in this report. Examples include:

 Annualisation using three continuous monitors from the AURN

 greater discussion on dealing with duplicate sites

 distance form road calculation where concentrations are measured above 36µgm-3.

Chiltern District Council has taken forward a number of direct measures during the current reporting year of 2019 in pursuit of improving local air quality. Details of all measures completed, in progress or planned are set out in Table 2.2.

More detail on these measures can be found in their respective Action Plans. Key completed measures are:

 As previously mentioned in this report a number of National Infrastructure Projects (NIP) will be taking place in the next 5 years. In 2019 Chiltern District Council focused on ensuring that these projects will not unduly affect the residents of its district. This involved attending NIP planning group meetings and responding to a number of complex consultations.

 Working with planning policy on the emerging local plan to ensure that policies are in place to reduce air pollution but also maintain areas of air quality in the future.

 Twenty new kerbside electric vehicle charging points were installed across Buckinghamshire during the first half of 2019, thanks to a successful County Council funding bid to the Government’s Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV). The charging points have been supplied by Char.gy Ltd, a company launched in 2016 to provide residential electric vehicle charging for people without off-street parking. The County Council expects to commission another phase of kerbside installations early next year

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 4 Chiltern District Council

if OLEV funding is available. Three of these EV charging points were installed Amersham and four were installed in Chesham.

 Working with and supporting transport team to develop and implement an Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy in Buckinghamshire.

 BAQMG has developed the 1st draft of the Low Emission Strategy and it will be going through a consultation process with the aim of publishing the document in 2020.

Chiltern District Council expects the following measures to be completed over the course of the next reporting year:

 Low Emission Strategy

 Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy

Chiltern District Council’s priorities for the coming year are to continue with the work outlined above. Also on 1 April 2020 Buckinghamshire Council was created and became the local authority for the area previously covered by the four district councils, namely Aylesbury Vale District Council, Chiltern District Council, South Bucks District Council and Wycombe District Council and also the county council Buckinghamshire Council. There will be a need to harmonise policy and procedures between each district authority to enable LAQM to be carried out consistently throughout the new unitary Authority.

Chiltern District Council anticipates that the measures stated above and in Table 2.2 will achieve compliance in Broad Street/Berkhampstead Road AQMA

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 5 Chiltern District Council

Table 2.2 – Progress on Measures to Improve Air Quality

Transport 2012 2013 1 Green Wall Planning and Other CDC NOx Unknown Ongoing 43252 Ongoing Infrastructure Bike Racks at 2012 2012 System needs to be put Chesham Promoting Travel Promotion of in place to monitor use 2 CDC Bike Use Unknown Completed 41244 Leisure Alternatives cycling and identify if more Centre racks are needed. Promote 2019 2022 Low Identify the number of Vehicle Fleet Increase in number 3 Emission Other CDC Unknown 44896 Low Emission Taxis are Efficiency of EV taxis Taxis in licensed with CDC. Chesham 2010/11 2012 Increase in the Public 4 Electric car Other CDC number of Electric Unknown Completed 41061 Information Cars

Identifying 2012 2013/2015 Vehicle Fleet Vehicle 5 Polluting CDC NOx 0.75 Ongoing 41730 Efficiency retrofitting buses 2010 2011-2015 Continue to monitor Highway for unmanned traffic improvemen Traffic 6 Other BCC Traffic flow Unknown Ongoing 2012-2015 management in the ts to traffic Management AQMA and report to flow BCC when identified. 2011 2012-2014 Parking Traffic Anti-Idling 7 BCC Traffic flow Unknown Ongoing 2011-2014 Enforcement Management enforcement

Regional groups 2019 2020 Continue to meet co-ordinating quarterly. In the Bucks and programmes to process of extending Milton Policy Guidance develop area CDC/BCC/AV the group to include 8 Keynes Low and Development wide strategies DC/SBDC/W N/A Unknown Ongoing 43922 Transport, Economy Emission Control to reduce DC and Environment team Strategy emissions and and Public Health improve air teams at Bucks CC quality Review of 2010 2011 parking Traffic 9 Other CDC/BCC Traffic flow Unknown Completed 2011 restrictions Management in AQMA Freight 2019 Freight Freight & Delivery Partnerships for Working with the 10 Strategy BCC NOx Unknown Management city centre freight officer Action Plan deliveries

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Reduction in Organisatio Date Measures Funding Key Performance Estimated / Actual Comments / Barriers Measure No. Measure EU Category EU Classification Pollutant / Emission Progress to Date ns involved Introduced Source Indicator Completion Date to implementation from Measure 2016 2018 Working with Policy Guidance Air Quality Local Plan under Planning planning policy on 11 and Development Planning and CDC NOx Unknown Ongoing consultation in Policy the new emerging Control Policy Guidance Summer 2019 local plan. Working 2009 2009-2013 with Local Work with local Public Via other 12 Community CDC NOx Unknown Completed 2013 environmental groups Information mechanisms to reduce air to promote air quality. pollution Opportunitie Transport 2009 2010 13 s for tree Planning and Other CDC/CTC Tree Planting Unknown Completed 2010 Ongoing planting Infrastructure Promote 2007 2007 Smoky Public Limited to a number of 14 Via leaflets CDC NOx Unknown Ongoing Ongoing Vehicle Information vehicle types. Reporting Active work 2016 2017 with Environment Measures to New database Permits are up-to-date al permit reduce pollution Environmental installed to ensure and permitted 15 holders in through IPPC CDC NOx Ongoing Ongoing Permits all inspections are premises inspected relation to permits going carried out. accordingly. air quality beyond BAT managemen t Taxi policy 2009 2010 Determine number of to Promoting Low low emission taxis encourage Taxi Licensing 16 Emission CDC NOx Unknown Ongoing Ongoing licensed and identify LPG/low Conditions Transport barriers for purchasing emission such vehicles. vehicles Ensure 2019 2026 Transport Ensure construction Impact of 17 Planning & Other CDC NOx Unknown does not increase 2026 HS2 is Infrastructure emission in AQMA limited Regional groups 2018 2018 Work with co-ordinating Public programmes to Health to Policy Guidance develop area Bucks Wide Air Quality 18 raise and Development wide strategies CDC/BCC PM 2.5 Unknown Ongoing Ongoing Workshop held in May awareness Control to reduce 2019 of Air emissions and Quality improve air quality Regional groups 2020 2020 Group has been Reconsider co-ordinating extended to include the role of Policy Guidance programmes to CDC/BCC/AV Transport, Economy 19 the BAQMG and Development develop area DC/WDC/SB All Unknown Ongoing Ongoing and Environment and in a Unitary Control wide strategies DC/ NHS Public Health teams Setting to reduce located in Bucks CC. emissions and

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Regional groups 2020 2022 co-ordinating programmes to Updated Alternative website or Policy Guidance develop area CDC/BCC/AV Bucks Air pages to be configured 20 and Development wide strategies DC/WDC/SB All Unknown Ongoing Quality by the new unitary Control to reduce DC/ NHS website authority. emissions and improve air quality Creation/ 2002 2002 Bucks Car Share promotion scheme available on Promoting Travel Personalised 21 of Bucks Car BCC NOx Unknown Ongoing 2018 https://buckscarshare. alternatives travel plans Share carbonheroes.com/bcs Scheme .aspx Procuring 2019 2022 alternative refuelling Work with Transport Electric Promoting low infrastructure to Economy and Charging 22 emission promote low CDC/AVDC NOx Unknown Completed 2022 Environment to Points transport emission implement the EV Installation vehicles, EV Charging Strategy. recharging, gas fuel recharging Ability to 2020 2022 give fixed penalty Policy Guidance Work with BCC on anti- 23 notices and Development Other Policy CDC All Unknown Completed 2002 idling and buses. adopted, Control procedures developed Support Annual Annual National Public Promote Clean Air Day 24 Other CDC/BCC All Unknown Ongoing Ongoing Clean Air Information on Social Media. Day

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2.3 PM2.5 – Local Authority Approach to Reducing Emissions and/or Concentrations

As detailed in Policy Guidance LAQM.PG16 (Chapter 7), local authorities are expected to work towards reducing emissions and/or concentrations of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less). There is clear evidence that PM2.5 has a significant impact on human health, including premature mortality, allergic reactions, and cardiovascular diseases.

Chiltern District Council is taking the following measures to address PM2.5:

Continue to attend the Health Protection Committee meetings on behalf of BAQMG and will continue to use this platform to stress the importance of reducing PM2.5 concentrations on public health and to encourage the Director of Public Health and other departments in Buckinghamshire Council to work with the team to improve air quality.

Continue to work with the BAQMG to develop a Low Emission Strategy for Buckinghamshire.

Measures outlined in the action planning section above should also reduce the emissions of

PM2.5 in the area. However, some measures to be included in the new action plan such as ensuring compliance with Permitting regulations and promoting the use of cleaner fuels for wood burning stoves may have little impact on NO2 but would have a greater impact on the reduction of PM2.5. The Council will also compel applicants of NIPs and other local developments to follow good construction practice to minimise fugitive dust.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 9 Chiltern District Council 3 Air Quality Monitoring Data and Comparison with Air Quality Objectives and National Compliance 3.1 Summary of Monitoring Undertaken

This section sets out what monitoring has taken place and how it compares with objectives.

3.1.1 Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Chiltern District Council undertook non- automatic (passive) monitoring of NO2 at 28 sites during 2019. Table A.1 in Appendix A shows the details of the sites.

Maps showing the location of the monitoring sites are provided in Appendix D. Further details on Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) for the diffusion tubes, including bias adjustments and any other adjustments applied (e.g. “annualisation” and/or distance correction), are included in Appendix C.

3.2 Individual Pollutants

The air quality monitoring results presented in this section are, where relevant, adjusted for bias4, “annualisation” (where the data capture falls below 75%), and distance correction5. Further details on adjustments are provided in Appendix C.

3.2.1 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

Table A.2 in Appendix A compares the ratified and adjusted monitored NO2 annual mean concentrations for the past 5 years with the air quality objective of 40µg/m3. Note that the concentration data presented in Table A.2 represents the concentration at the location of the monitoring site, following the application of bias adjustment and annualisation, as required (i.e. the values are exclusive of any consideration to fall-off with distance adjustment). A number of monitoring locations have pairs of diffusion tubes. Having multiple diffusion tubes on a site increases accuracy and are usually located in areas where greater precision is required such as in an AQMA. In table A.3 the results of the 2 tubes have been averaged for each location. In table B.1 the results for each tube can be seen.

4 https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/bias-adjustment-factors/bias-adjustment.html 5 Fall-off with distance correction criteria is provided in paragraph 7.77, LAQM.TG(16)

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 10 Chiltern District Council

For diffusion tubes, the full 2019 dataset of monthly mean values is provided in Appendix B. Note that the concentration data presented in Table B.1 includes distance corrected values, only where relevant.

Unlike 2018 there were no exceedances of NO2 across the district including in the AQMA.

For a number of years, the concentrations of NO2 has been just below the objective. However, in 2018 an increase in concentrations at most locations resulted in an exceedance of the 40µg/m3 limit at two sensitive receptors, one in the AQMA and another just on the fringes. In 2019 there was a reduction in concentrations at every location some quite significantly. This mirrors the National Trend. Defra informed that “between 2007 and 2019 inclusive, the annual mean NO2 concentration at roadside sites reduced by an average of 1.8 μg/m3 each year. This reduction was observed at most long-running monitoring sites across the UK; which could be a consequence of the large reduction in road transport emissions of

NO2 over the same period. This may be a consequence of newer vehicles subject to stricter emissions standards entering the transport fleet. See Defra report for further details https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/air-quality-statistics/ntrogen-dioxide .

3 Only one location monitored just above 36 µg/m and was therefore within 10% of the objective. It was not considered necessary to undertake any fall off with distance calculations for any locations for this annual report.

The trend discussed above is illustrated in the graph presented in Figure A.1 for all locations and Figure A.2 for monitoring within the AQMA only.

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 11 Chiltern District Council

Appendix A: Monitoring Results

Table A.1 – Details of Non-Automatic Monitoring Sites

Tube Distance to Distance to collocated X OS Grid Ref Y OS Grid Ref Pollutants In Relevant kerb of Height Site ID Site Name Site Type with a (Easting) (Northing) Monitored AQMA? Exposure (m) nearest (m) Continuous (1) road (m) (2) Analyser?

Bus Stop, CDC1 Chesham Rd, Roadside 497640 205271 NO2 NO 26.8 3.2 NO 1.5 Ashley Green Chesham Road (by CDC2 speed canera) Roadside 497622 205191 NO2 NO 17.6 0.7 NO 1.5 Ashley Green Chesham opp 5 CDC3 Roadside 496326 202932 NO2 NO 18.6 1.4 NO 1.5 Nashleigh Hill Chesham opp St CDC4 Roadside 496305 202884 NO2 NO 11.1 1.5 NO 1.5 Columba Church Chesham at 305 CDC5 Roadside 496272 202699 NO2 NO 12.9 1.5 NO 1.5 Berkhampstead Rd Chesham by 336 CDC6 Roadside 496261 202656 NO2 NO 5.6 1.3 NO 1.5 Berkhampstead Rd CDC7 Dentist Roadside 496278 202743 NO2 YES 4 1.7 NO 1.5 CDC8 Jolly Sportsman Roadside 496247 202328 NO2 YES 2 1.9 NO 1.5 Outside 170 Broad CDC9 Roadside 496215 202300 NO2 YES 5.8 1.6 NO 1.5 Street CDC10 Cemetery Roadside 496233 202330 NO2 YES N/A 2 NO 1.5 Chesham Police St CDC11 Roadside 496133 202072 NO2 YES 6.6 3.7 NO 1.5 Broad Street

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Uplands Court, CDC12 Roadside 496107 202033 NO2 YES 6 2.1 NO 1.5 Broad Street St Mary’s Way CDC13 roundabout, Roadside 495850 201510 NO2 YES 7.5 1.4 NO 1.5 Chesham Outside new flats, CDC14 Roadside 495869 201436 NO2 NO 1.2 1.3 NO 1.5 St Mary's Way Outside 73 High CDC15 Street Great Roadside 489484 201234 NO2 NO 1.5 0.9 NO 1.5 Missenden Outside 10 CDC16 Wycombe Road, Roadside 487002 200812 NO2 NO 11.4 1.3 NO 1.5 Prestwood End of Broombarn Lane, Great CDC17 Missenden (Cycle Roadside 487991 200978 NO2 NO 15.4 3.4 NO 1.5 sign by beer garden) Old Amersham CDC18 (need speed Roadside 495298 197520 NO2 YES 7.8 2.3 NO 1.5 calming measures) Amersham Hospital, CDC19 Roadside 495446 196797 NO2 NO 17.4 2 NO 1.5 Whieldon St (next to fly over) Bottom of Stanley CDC20 Roadside 496760 197100 NO2 NO 27.5 1.3 NO 1.5 Hill Amersham

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Gore Hill, Old CDC21 Roadside 495960 196940 NO2 NO 8.3 0.9 NO 1.5 Amersham Opp 76 Station Rd CDC22 Roadside 494450 197647 NO2 NO 20.6 2.2 NO 1.5 Amersham Hervines Park CDC23 Background 495708 198806 NO2 NO n/a n/a 1.5 Amersham Rickmansworth CDC24 Roadside 496550 198720 NO2 NO 24.3 2.2 NO 1.5 Road Amersham Nightingales Corner, Little CDC25 Roadside 499260 197452 NO2 NO 29.8 1.9 NO 1.5 Chalfont (on sign on roundabout) Stony Lane, Little CDC26 Roadside 500508 197878 NO2 NO 35.3 6.2 NO 1.5 Chalfont High Street CDC27 Roadside 500050 190810 NO2 NO 9 3.6 NO 1.5 Chalfont St Peter Outside vets CDC28 Roadside 499250 193750 NO2 NO 6.4 1.1 NO 1.5 Chalfont St Giles

Notes: (1) 0m if the monitoring site is at a location of exposure (e.g. installed on the façade of a residential property).

(2) N/A if not applicable.

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Table A.2 – Annual Mean NO2 Monitoring Results Valid Data Valid Data 3 (3) (4) Y OS Grid Capture for NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Monitoring Capture Site ID Ref Site Type Monitoring Ref (Easting) Type 2019 (%) (Northing) Period (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (1) Diffusion CDC1 497640 205271 Roadside 100 100 23.00 24.00 22.18 22.90 20.50 Tube Diffusion CDC2 497622 205191 Roadside 100 100 18.00 20.00 18.80 19.45 18.77 Tube Diffusion CDC3 496326 202932 Roadside 100 100 27.00 28.00 27.10 31.32 28.35 Tube Diffusion CDC4 496305 202884 Roadside 100 100 25.00 25.00 25.78 27.44 25.50 Tube Diffusion CDC5 496272 202699 Roadside 100 100 29.00 30.00 27.86 31.67 29.06 Tube Diffusion CDC6 496261 202656 Roadside 100 100 35.00 34.00 32.91 29.11 26.74 Tube Diffusion CDC7 496278 202743 Roadside 100 100 29.00 27.00 29.88 29.88 26.92 Tube Diffusion CDC8 496247 202328 Roadside 100 100 39.00 39.00 36.91 40.70 35.90 Tube Diffusion CDC9 496215 202300 Roadside 75 75 36.00 36.00 36.60 37.86 32.21 Tube Diffusion CDC10 496233 202330 Roadside 67 67 27.00 26.00 23.56 28.72 22.84 Tube Diffusion CDC11 496133 202072 Roadside 100 100 38.00 36.00 36.23 40.13 36.19 Tube Diffusion CDC12 496107 202033 Roadside 100 100 41.00 37.00 37.32 40.67 33.85 Tube Diffusion CDC13 495850 201510 Roadside 92 92 30.00 30.00 29.00 34.77 29.61 Tube

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Valid Data Valid Data 3 (3) (4) Y OS Grid Capture for NO2 Annual Mean Concentration (µg/m ) X OS Grid Monitoring Capture Site ID Ref Site Type Monitoring Ref (Easting) Type 2019 (%) (Northing) Period (%) (2) 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 (1) Diffusion CDC14 495869 201436 Roadside 100 100 37.00 35.00 34.37 40.21 34.61 Tube Diffusion CDC15 489484 201234 Roadside 83 83 17.00 19.00 19.87 20.87 18.29 Tube Diffusion CDC16 487002 200812 Roadside 100 100 20.00 22.00 20.05 21.54 19.26 Tube Diffusion CDC17 487991 200978 Roadside 83 83 14.00 16.00 15.09 21.30 17.45 Tube Diffusion CDC18 495298 197520 Roadside 92 92 21.00 25.00 22.72 25.27 23.06 Tube Diffusion CDC19 495446 196797 Roadside 100 100 27.00 26.00 26.49 30.53 25.40 Tube Diffusion CDC20 496760 197100 Roadside 100 100 40.00 38.00 36.64 44.64 36.92 Tube Diffusion CDC21 495960 196940 Roadside 100 100 38.00 39.00 38.16 43.60 34.59 Tube Diffusion CDC22 494450 197647 Roadside 92 92 29.00 28.00 26.89 35.02 29.17 Tube Diffusion CDC23 495708 198806 Background 100 100 12.00 13.00 10.45 13.44 11.80 Tube Diffusion CDC24 496550 198720 Roadside 100 100 25.00 25.00 26.56 28.67 23.66 Tube Diffusion CDC25 499260 197452 Roadside 100 100 29.00 29.00 27.93 30.76 27.64 Tube Diffusion CDC26 500508 197878 Roadside 100 100 17.00 22.00 20.11 22.55 19.34 Tube Diffusion CDC27 500050 190810 Roadside 100 100 24.00 26.00 25.57 27.25 24.06 Tube

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☒ Diffusion tube data has been bias corrected ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Reported concentrations are those at the location of the monitoring site (bias adjusted and annualised, as required), i.e. prior to any fall-off with distance adjustment

Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) Data capture for the monitoring period, in cases where monitoring was only carried out for part of the year. (2) Data capture for the full calendar year (e.g. if monitoring was carried out for 6 months, the maximum data capture for the full calendar year is 50%). (3) Means for diffusion tubes have been corrected for bias. All means have been “annualised” as per Boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM.TG16 if valid data capture for the full calendar year is less than 75%. See Appendix C for details. (4) Concentrations are those at the location of monitoring and not those following any fall-off with distance adjustment.

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Figure A.1 – Trends in Annual Mean NO2 Concentrations

0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

CDC1 CDC2 CDC3 CDC4 CDC5 CDC6 CDC7 CDC8 CDC9 CDC10 CDC11 CDC12 CDC13 CDC14 CDC15 CDC16 CDC17 CDC18 CDC19 CDC20 CDC21 CDC22 CDC23 CDC24 CDC25 CDC26 CDC27 CDC28

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020

18 Chiltern District Council

Inside the AQMA 45

0 CDC8 CDC9 CDC10 CDC11 CDC12

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

LAQM Annual Status Report 2020 19 Chiltern District Council

Appendix B: Full Monthly Diffusion Tube Results for 2019

Table B.1 - NO2 Monthly Diffusion Tube Results - 2019

3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS Grid Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (Easting) (Northing) (0.87) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

CDC1 497640 205271 32.37 37.56 25.30 22.12 14.09 18.48 15.75 16.18 21.49 23.00 30.24 26.29 23.6 20.51 CDC1 497640 205271 31.06 36.56 23.13 24.03 16.10 16.70 16.85 16.97 19.15 24.02 31.26 26.70 23.5 20.48 CDC2 497622 205191 29.81 34.80 19.71 17.99 16.73 14.00 16.93 14.50 19.53 21.63 28.05 22.99 21.4 18.61 CDC2 497622 205191 28.30 35.44 19.06 18.07 19.56 19.01 16.56 16.71 18.98 21.17 27.84 20.43 21.8 18.93 CDC3 496326 202932 38.85 46.28 32.19 32.50 25.72 30.56 29.42 26.04 23.92 34.48 37.05 34.05 32.6 28.35 CDC4 496305 202884 37.76 44.10 27.15 24.53 21.10 21.78 26.84 25.96 25.78 25.09 38.02 33.59 29.3 25.50 CDC6 496272 202699 40.16 46.74 35.34 29.49 27.95 28.67 30.49 30.38 30.04 30.01 34.07 36.39 33.3 28.98 CDC6 496272 202699 38.13 47.91 36.83 27.26 27.06 28.22 29.47 30.69 28.42 30.91 40.25 36.83 33.5 29.14 CDC5 496261 202656 40.02 39.01 31.55 32.58 26.66 26.96 25.59 24.73 25.55 30.66 37.09 32.97 31.1 27.07 CDC5 496261 202656 40.26 38.78 30.62 30.90 24.49 21.59 27.02 24.08 27.25 27.67 37.93 33.59 30.3 26.40 CDC7 496278 202743 39.61 43.53 33.25 29.49 27.44 26.63 27.19 24.88 23.84 29.07 39.47 32.51 31.4 27.32 CDC7 496278 202743 36.13 42.04 31.15 28.95 25.97 24.63 24.94 23.44 27.47 38.94 31.49 30.5 26.51 CDC8 496247 202328 47.12 52.27 39.17 42.79 38.81 37.05 36.47 34.89 33.20 42.56 52.16 40.45 41.4 36.03 CDC8 496247 202328 48.80 56.39 40.87 44.14 34.22 31.58 35.64 33.60 35.65 40.51 52.70 39.21 41.1 35.76 CDC9 496215 202300 49.36 43.83 33.62 32.05 32.05 22.60 36.41 32.51 41.35 36.0 31.30 CDC9 496215 202300 51.04 45.69 34.74 33.85 32.36 32.47 33.60 40.10 38.82 38.1 33.12

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3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS Grid Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (Easting) (Northing) (0.87) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

CDC10 496233 202330 35.12 21.92 22.14 18.96 21.66 20.94 32.66 25.77 24.9 22.84 CDC11 496133 202072 46.97 54.46 45.92 48.66 36.06 36.65 38.83 39.97 38.73 31.84 40.64 43.84 41.9 36.44 CDC11 496133 202072 47.45 55.52 42.76 45.68 35.65 35.79 38.20 39.54 32.01 35.09 44.46 43.54 41.3 35.94 CDC12 496107 202033 47.12 51.13 42.46 35.63 36.59 39.17 37.69 31.78 35.04 38.65 49.53 35.22 40.0 34.80 CDC12 496107 202033 41.04 47.40 37.14 36.64 34.92 32.40 36.83 34.09 34.21 37.10 45.79 36.11 37.8 32.89 CDC13 495850 201510 47.00 43.57 32.72 29.88 32.44 29.00 28.94 30.14 30.91 41.40 30.31 34.2 29.76 CDC13 495850 201510 43.46 43.17 34.68 35.84 32.43 27.18 29.57 28.38 31.88 35.01 30.89 33.9 29.46 CDC14 495869 201436 47.84 55.77 42.24 35.96 36.31 32.70 34.19 35.15 34.73 35.04 44.29 40.05 39.5 34.38 CDC14 495869 201436 60.06 37.79 38.54 34.59 36.26 34.25 33.40 37.82 47.10 40.62 40.0 34.84 CDC15 489484 201234 28.66 28.51 18.93 22.33 16.79 15.95 14.59 17.81 26.89 19.76 21.0 18.29 CDC16 487002 200812 28.61 33.84 19.78 22.87 17.27 17.64 18.14 15.02 17.47 21.29 31.93 21.86 22.1 19.26 CDC17 487991 200978 27.37 37.32 19.80 21.84 14.64 17.73 13.03 14.35 16.92 17.56 20.1 17.45 CDC18 495298 197520 33.21 32.32 25.22 25.85 21.81 24.20 22.56 20.26 26.45 33.90 25.73 26.5 23.06 CDC19 495446 196797 33.80 39.09 24.17 29.02 21.06 23.85 25.34 24.54 35.67 28.27 34.65 30.87 29.2 25.40 CDC20 496760 197100 47.34 65.08 39.92 47.96 34.15 38.44 39.32 37.78 32.28 33.30 48.43 45.21 42.4 36.92 CDC21 495960 196940 43.61 44.68 39.26 47.37 34.08 38.30 39.08 32.71 37.74 32.65 56.11 35.13 40.1 34.85 CDC21 495960 196940 42.38 47.01 36.61 49.72 37.44 37.25 37.14 31.66 35.67 44.97 34.16 39.5 34.33 CDC22 494450 197647 44.00 29.97 37.71 29.92 31.03 28.13 24.56 31.63 31.39 49.17 31.34 33.5 29.17 CDC23 495708 198806 16.12 24.92 10.45 12.44 8.60 9.03 9.31 8.96 11.36 14.32 23.31 13.88 13.6 11.80

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3 NO2 Mean Concentrations (µg/m ) Annual Mean

X OS Grid Y OS Grid Bias Distance Site ID Ref Ref Adjusted Corrected Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Raw (Easting) (Northing) (0.87) and to Nearest Data Annualised Exposure (1) (2)

CDC24 496550 198720 34.04 45.83 14.48 18.56 18.48 19.57 20.65 21.26 21.12 27.21 34.54 30.54 25.5 22.21 CDC24 496550 198720 30.72 48.40 27.04 19.28 20.58 21.90 23.33 25.47 37.80 34.20 28.9 25.12 CDC25 499260 197452 33.91 40.21 29.44 31.34 27.24 29.79 31.49 29.91 32.34 32.24 37.05 26.33 31.8 27.64 CDC26 500508 197878 27.10 32.36 20.34 21.68 16.57 18.94 18.09 17.21 19.50 19.70 31.56 23.73 22.2 19.34 CDC27 500050 190810 35.35 35.35 27.47 29.13 19.36 21.11 20.79 21.26 32.88 26.72 37.04 25.46 27.7 24.06 CDC28 499250 193750 43.51 42.82 35.41 33.16 31.82 32.00 32.52 24.74 22.22 40.49 25.84 33.1 28.83 CDC28 499250 193750 38.92 43.29 34.84 29.32 30.90 31.51 32.47 36.24 17.70 32.8 28.53

☒ National bias adjustment factor used ☒ Annualisation has been conducted where data capture is <75% ☒ Where applicable, data has been distance corrected for relevant exposure in the final column Notes: 3 Exceedances of the NO2 annual mean objective of 40µg/m are shown in bold. 3 NO2 annual means exceeding 60µg/m , indicating a potential exceedance of the NO2 1-hour mean objective are shown in bold and underlined. (1) See Appendix C for details on bias adjustment and annualisation. (2) Distance corrected to nearest relevant public exposure.

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Appendix C: Supporting Technical Information / Air Quality Monitoring Data QA/QC Chiltern District Council use 50% TEA in acetone diffusion tubes analysed by Gradko. As Chiltern District Council does not have a continuous monitor to co-locate tubes the National Bias Adjustment Factor was used. The national bias adjustment factor for 2019 is 0.87.

In 2019 Gradko scored a 100% in all but one round reported on the Defra website of the AIR- PT scheme. In the first tranche of 2019 they scored 75%.

During 2019 the valid data capture for 1 diffusion tube was below 75%. Therefore, the calculated annual average was annualised according to the method outlined in boxes 7.9 and 7.10 in LAQM TG16. Data from 3 background monitoring sites with more than 85% data capture is required for this calculation. The chosen sites are listed below. These site was chosen as they are the nearest background sites with sufficient data capture. The calculated ratio is then used to adjust the calculated annual mean before it is bias adjusted. Further details on each monitoring site can be seen below.

UKA00266 Hillingdon Harlington monitoring station

The monitoring station is within a self-contained, air-conditioned housing located on an open grass area approximately 2.5 metres from the kerb of a residential road. The site is bordered on three sides by residential roads and on the fourth by the busy M4 motorway, which is approximately 30 metres from the station and above the height of the inlet. The general area is open and protected from the M4 by trees.

UKA00644 Borehamwood Meadow Park Information

Located near a bowling club in a residential part of Borehamwood, Hertfordshire. Surrounded by residential areas and parkland. The nearest road is 137m from the site.

UKA00518 Oxford St Ebbe’s Information

The monitoring station is located within a self-contained, air conditioned housing within the grounds of St Ebbe's School, White House Road. The nearest road a minor road approximately 5 metres from the station. The surrounding area comprises of open fields and residential dwellings.

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Month Hillingdon PM Oxford PM Borehamwood PM Cemetery

Jan 40.69 40.69 21.13 21.13 30.10 30.10 35.12

Feb 48.03 20.90 32.52

March 29.67 14.99 18.95

Apr 32.20 16.82 20.28

May 24.18 17.38 15.14

June 20.35 20.35 17.33 17.33 12.93 12.93 21.92

July 20.23 20.23 11.05 11.05 13.02 13.02 22.14

Aug 24.59 24.59 8.39 8.39 14.06 14.06 18.96

Sept 27.68 27.68 12.20 12.20 17.06 17.06 21.66

Oct 31.76 31.76 12.99 12.99 21.45 21.45 20.94

Nov 38.92 38.92 22.94 22.94 30.90 30.90 32.66

Dec 34.03 14.67 24.76 25.77

Average 31.03 29.17 15.90 15.15 20.93 19.93 24.90

Background Site Annual Mean Period Mean Ratio

Hillingdon 31.02854596 29.17479404 1.06354

Oxford 15.89983358 15.14789152 1.04964

Borehamwood 20.93025631 19.93101334 1.050135

Average Ratio 1.054438

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Appendix D: Map(s) of Monitoring Locations and AQMAs

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Appendix E: Summary of Air Quality Objectives in England

Table E.1 – Air Quality Objectives in England Air Quality Objective6 Pollutant Concentration Measured as 200 µg/m3 not to be exceeded more than Nitrogen Dioxide 1-hour mean 18 times a year (NO2) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 50 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than Particulate Matter 24-hour mean 35 times a year (PM10) 40 µg/m3 Annual mean 350 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 1-hour mean 24 times a year 125 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) 24-hour mean 3 times a year 266 µg/m3, not to be exceeded more than 15-minute mean 35 times a year

6 The units are in microgrammes of pollutant per cubic metre of air (µg/m3).

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Glossary of Terms

Abbreviation Description

AQAP Air Quality Action Plan - A detailed description of measures, outcomes, achievement dates and implementation methods, showing how the local authority intends to achieve air quality limit values’

AQMA Air Quality Management Area – An area where air pollutant concentrations exceed / are likely to exceed the relevant air quality objectives. AQMAs are declared for specific pollutants and objectives

ASR Air quality Annual Status Report

BAQMG Bucks Air Quality Management Group

Defra Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

DMRB Design Manual for Roads and Bridges – Air quality screening tool produced by Highways England

EU European Union

FDMS Filter Dynamics Measurement System

LAQM Local Air Quality Management

NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide

NOx Nitrogen Oxides

PM10 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10µm (micrometres or microns) or less

PM2.5 Airborne particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5µm or less

QA/QC Quality Assurance and Quality Control

SO2 Sulphur Dioxide

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References References

 Chiltern District Council 2018 Air Quality Annual Status Report

 Relevant Policy and Technical Guidance documents:

. Technical Guidance LAQM.TG (16)

. Policy Guidance LAQM.PG (16)

 Chiltern District Council’s ASR appraisal report 2018.

Websites:

 Review and Assessment Support https://laqm.defra.gov.uk/review-and- assessment/review-and-assessment.html

 HS2 https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/high-speed-two-limited

 Bucks CC Transport Pages https://www.buckscc.gov.uk/services/transport-and-roads/

 Chesham Masterplan https://cheshammasterplan.org/

 Chiltern and South Bucks Local Plan 2036 https://www.chiltern.gov.uk/planning/localplan

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