AD 536 the Sun Dimmed and Global Temperatures Plunged, Leading to Famine, Plague and the Collapse of Empires

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

AD 536 the Sun Dimmed and Global Temperatures Plunged, Leading to Famine, Plague and the Collapse of Empires “ The sun began to be darkened by day and the moon by night, while the ocean was tumultuous with spray from the 24th of March in this year till the 24th of June in the following year… And, as the winter was a severe one, so much so that from the large and unwonted quantity of snow the birds perished… there was distress… among men… from the evil things” ZACHARIAS OF MYTILENE (Chronicle, 9.19, 10.1) The year of darkness In AD 536 the sun dimmed and global temperatures plunged, leading to famine, plague and the collapse of empires. At last clues are emerging about the cause of this event, as Colin Barras reports 34 | NewScientist | 18 January 2014 EBvb^ofp>A203)^ka?vw^kqfkb efpqlof^kMol`lmfrplc@^bp^ob^e^pgrpq T^oofsbafkplrqebokFq^iv+Qeb_^i^k`blc mltbofkqebJbafqboo^kb^kfpfkciru7S^ka^ip e^ap^`hbaOljbfk122^kaqebTbpqbok Olj^kBjmfobe^ac^iibkfk143+Grpqfkf^kF) qeb?vw^kqfkb%loB^pqbokOlj^k&Bjmbolo) fpabqbojfkbaqlob`i^fjqebilpqqboofqlofbp+ >cqbo^pr``bppcri`^jm^fdk^d^fkpqqebKloqe >cof`^kS^ka^iHfkdaljfkqebb^oiv20-p) Grpqfkf^kafpm^q`ebpefp^ojvqlobq^hbFq^iv+ Vbq^pMol`lmfrpob`loap)pljbqefkdlaa qebke^mmbkba+Qebprkafjjba)^kaqeb afjkbppi^pqbaclojlobqe^k^vb^o+Qebob tbobcolpqp^kapkltpfkqebjfaaiblc prjjboÌqebtfkqbokbsboob^iivbkaba+Colj Fq^ivqlFobi^ka)@efk^ql@bkqo^i>jbof`^)qeb vb^o203t^pqeb_bdfkkfkdlc^ab`^ab*ilkd `liapk^m_bpbq_vqrojlfi+Obifdflkpilpq _bifbsbop)`fqfbp`lii^mpba^kalkblcqeb dob^qbpqmi^drbpfkefpqlovhfiiba^nr^oqbo lcqebmlmri^qflkfkqeb?vw^kqfkbBjmfob+ Grpqfkf^kÑp^ojfbpafaj^k^dbqlobq^hbOljb) _rqefptb^hbkbabjmfobt^plsbopqobq`eba) ^kapllkilpqqebqboofqlov^d^fk+ Fk^ijlpqbsbovobdflklcqebtloia)qefp mboflat^pj^ohbatfqe_^atb^qebo)pl`f^i afploaboÌ^kaab^qe+Qefp`ifj^qf`altkqrok j^vtbiie^sbmolclrkaiv^iqbobaqeb`lropb lcefpqlov+Qebqofddbolcqefp`llifkde^pilkd _bbk^jvpqbov)_rqklttbj^vcfk^iiv_b `ilpbqlfabkqfcvfkdqeb`rimofqÌlo`rimofqp+ Qebcfopqbsfabk`blcqeb>A203bsbkq `^jbcolj^pqravfkqeb.65-p_vqtlK>P> dblildfpqp)Of`e^oaPqlqebop^kaJf`e^bi O^jmfkl+Qebvqo^tibaqeolrdeb^oiv efpqlof`^i^``lrkqpillhfkdcloobcbobk`bpql sli`^kf`bormqflkp^olrkaqebJbafqboo^kb^k+ Qebv`lk`irabaqe^qqebobe^a_bbk^qib^pq pbsbkj^globormqflkp_bclob>A30-) fk`irafkdqeblkbfk>A46qe^q_rofbaqeb qltklcMljmbff+ Vbqtefibqebobtbobclro^``lrkqpÌ fk`irafkdqe^qlcMol`lmfrpÌlc^k .5*jlkqe*ilkdmboflalcrkrpr^iivafjphfbp) _bdfkkfkd^olrka>A203)qebobtbobklafob`q obcbobk`bpql^sli`^kf`bormqflk^qqefpqfjb+ Pqlqebop^kaO^jmfkl`lk`irabaqe^qqeb `^rpbjrpqe^sb_bbk^j^ppfsbsli`^kf` bormqflkqelrp^kaplcjfibpcoljBrolmb+ Qefpt^p`boq^fkivmi^rpf_ib+Qebbormqflk lcqebFkalkbpf^ksli`^kllcQ^j_lo^fk.5.2) ^cqbo^ii)t^pcliiltba_v^Îvb^otfqelrq^ prjjboÏ^`olppqebkloqebokebjfpmebob NCE FLOUE NCE A %^kaj^ve^sbdfsbkrpCo^khbkpqbfk^ka _f`v`ibp&+Qebefpqlof`^i^``lrkqpprddbpqba UME/TEND A qe^q203t^pjr`ejlobpbsbobqe^k.5.3) _rq`lriaqebv_bqorpqba< IN WILLIN A AL Î>iilcqeb^k`fbkqqbuqp`lria_bnrf__iba > 18 January 2014 | NewScientist | 35 140118_F_AD536.indd 35 13/1/14 11:42:07 ” The sun “ There was a sign in the tfqe)Ïp^vpJf`e^bi?^fiifb^qNrbbkÑp Tebkebclrkal_p`robobcbobk`bpql Rkfsbopfqv?bic^pq)RH+?rqtfqeefpebim)^k rkrpr^im^oqf^ib`ifmpbpfkkloqe*tbpqBrolmb sun the like of which fjm^oqf^itfqkbppqlqeb3qe`bkqrovbsbkqp fk205^ka21-)?^fiifb_bd^kqltlkabo had never been seen and _olhbfqppfibk`bfkqebi^qb.65-p+?^fiifb tebqeboqebplro`blcqebqolr_ibt^pklq pqrafbpqobbofkdp^ka)rpfkdl^hmobpbosbafk sli`^kf`_rqbuqo^qboobpqof^i+Fk.661)peloqiv becamereported before… The dim…Fofpe_ldp)eb^kaefp`liib^drbpmrqqldbqebo _bclobco^djbkqplcqeb`ljbqPelbj^hbo* sun became dark and ^qobb*ofkdob`loapqobq`efkd_^`hjlobqe^k Ibsv6milrdebafkqlGrmfqbo)ebprddbpqba 4---vb^op+Fk.655)qebvobmloqbaqe^qarofkd qe^qarpqcolj^`ljbqqe^qe^am^ppbakb^o its darkness lasted for qebcfopqjfiibkkfrj>A)qebk^ooltbpqqobb B^oqeÌlobsbk`liifabatfqelromi^kbqÌ`lria eighteen months. Each ofkdpÌfkaf`^qfkdmllodoltfkd`lkafqflkp bumi^fk_lqeqebrkrpr^iivilkd`ifj^qf` for nearly^ka`liaqbjmbo^qrobpÌl``roobatfqefk^ the altkqrok^kaqebi^`hlc^sli`^kf`pfdk^qrob+ day it shone for about four cbtvb^oplc203+ Fk^.666_llh)?^fiifbtbkqcroqebo) hours, and still this light Jlobqobb*ofkda^q^cliiltbacoljlqebo prddbpqfkdqe^qpbsbo^ij^glo`ifj^qf``e^kdbp dolrmp)^ka^m^qqbokbjbodba+ÎQebk^oolt fkqebm^pq.-)---vb^optbobqofddboba_v was only a feeble shadow. qobbofkdptbobkÑqgrpqfkBrolmb^kl^h+ fjm^`qp+Ebpmb`ri^qba^_lrqifkhptfqe^ wholeEveryone declared that year… the QebvtbobfkP`^kafk^sf^kmfkbp)^kafkqobbp _ol^ao^kdblcefpqlof`^i^kabsbkjvqef`^i sun would never recover its coljKloqe^kaPlrqe>jbof`^)Ïp^vp?^fiifb+ bsbkqp)fk`irafkdqebab^qelcHfkd>oqero+ ÎQefpmobqqvjr`ee^aql_b^dil_^ibsbkq+Ï full light. The fruits did not ?rqqebobt^ppljbqefkdjfppfkd+>p The plague of Justinian ripen and the wine tasted sli`^kf`^pe^kaprimerom^oqf`ibpt^pelrq lcqeb^qjlpmebob)qebvib^sbqo^`bpfkqebf`b Te^qfp`boq^fkfpqe^qqebvb^opcliiltfkd solike sourthat grapes” theclojfkdkb^oqebmlibp+Arofkdqeb.65-p)f`b 203tbobbsbkqcri+Fk@efk^)clofkpq^k`b)qeb MICHAEL THE SYRIAN (Chronicle, 9.296) `lobpcoljDobbki^katbobobsb^ifkdbsfabk`b KloqebokTbfavk^pqv`lii^mpba^olrkaqefp lcj^kvmobsflrpivrkhkltkbormqflkp) qfjb+ÎQebobÑptofqqbkbsfabk`bqe^q^_lrq fk`irafkd^m^oqf`ri^oivj^ppfsblkbfk./24+ 42mbo`bkqlcmblmibafba_b`^rpblc`lia)`olm Qebobt^p)eltbsbo)klsli`^kf`pfdk^qrobfk c^firob)pq^os^qflk^kaaolrdeqp)Ïp^vpM^vplk fruits weref`bclojba^olrka203+ Pebbqp)^k^o`e^blildfpq^qqebRkfsbopfqvlc Qebqobbofkdptbob^iplobsb^ifkd @lilo^alfk?lriabo+ÎQebobt^pmlifqf`^i^ka pljbqefkdrkbumb`qba+Abpmfqbqebbjme^pfp obifdflrpqrojlfi+Ï qe^qqebefpqlof`^i^``lrkqpmi^`balk203)qeb Fk@bkqo^i>jbof`^)qebmlmri^qflklcqeb qobb*ofkdob`loaprddbpqbadoltfkd`lkafqflkp erdb`fqvpq^qblcQblqfer^`^k^iplab`ifkba+ tbob^tcrifkqebvb^opcliiltfkd21-^ptbii+ ÎQebbu^`qa^qfkdfprmcloab_^qb)_rq_v killed at anFkc^`q)qebqobbofkdppeltbaqe^qqeb`lia ^olrka22-)qebmblmibqebobtbobabif_bo^qbiv pk^m`lkqfkrbaclo^ab`^ab+Fqfpsbovrkrpr^i _rokfkdqebqbjmibplkqebqlmlcqebfopqbm* clo^kbormqflkqlqofddbo^ab`^ablc`llifkd) mvo^jfap)Ïp^vpPebbqp+ÎQebve^ailpqc^fqefk p^vp?^fiifb)_b`^rpbqeb^pe^kaprimero*of`e qebfooribopÑ^_fifqfbpql^`q^pfkqbojbaf^ofbp m^oqf`ibpqeoltkfkqlqeb^qjlpmebob_v^ _bqtbbkmblmib^kaqebfodlap+Ï unseasonablesli`^klpelriat^pelrq^d^fktfqefk^cbt >kagrpq^pGrpqfkf^kt^pob`lknrbofkd vb^op+Qebcfkafkdpdlq?^fiifbobqefkhfkdqeb qebB^pqbokOlj^kBjmfob)efppr_gb`qp plro`blcqebqolr_ib+ÎPqlqebop^kaO^jmfkl _bd^kaolmmfkdifhbcifbp+?v21/)Mol`lmfrp p^tqebbsbkq^pbsfabk`blc^sli`^kf` t^pi^jbkqfkdte^qfpklthkltk^p bormqflk)_rqmboe^mpqebobt^p^klqebo qebMi^drblcGrpqfkf^kÌ^kb^oivclojlc time.” bumi^k^qflk)Ïp^vp?^fiifb+ _r_lkf`mi^drbÌtef`eebp^fat^p`i^fjfkd Climate catastrophe Tree rings and other records show the world suddenly cooled around AD 536, a period marked by famines, plagues and turmoil. But what caused it? 1 The Northern Wei dynasty of China collapses and three-quarters of the 0 The huge city state of population dies Teotihuacan declines The Plague of Justinian kills a quarter of the -1 population of the The Ilopango volcano Eastern Roman Empire erupted in the 5th or 6th century A comet fragment may -2 have hit the Gulf of Carpentaria sometime in Deviation of extratropical northern extratropical of Deviation the frst millennium hemisphere temperature from norm (°C) from temperature hemisphere -3 CHRISTIANSEN 2011 SOURCE: 500 520 540 560 580 600 Date (AD) 36 | NewScientist | 18 January 2014 The Plague of Justinian was an early form of the bubonic plague that caused the Black Death ULTURALI C TT. TT. A .-)---ifsbpb^`ea^v^qfqpmb^h+ ENI E E ENI Tbob^iiqebpbafpm^o^qbbsbkqpqofddboba_v B TERO TERO dil_^i`llifkd<?^fiifbqefkhpqebvjfdeqe^sb S INI _bbk+Clofkpq^k`b)qebMi^drblcGrpqfkf^k M `lriae^sb_bbk^kfkafob`qobpriqlcclla THE OF peloq^dbpqeolrdelrqBro^pf^)tef`eibaql SY qebj^ppjlsbjbkqlcmblmib^kaafpb^pb* COURTE `^oovfkdolabkqp+ÎMblmibtbobbumlpbaql - m^qeldbkpqebvtbobrkc^jfif^otfqe)Ïeb LORENCE p^vp+ÎMi^drb_olhblrq^kapmob^aÌfqÑpqeb F `i^ppf`?i^`hAb^qep`bk^ofl+Ï SCALA, Molsfkdqe^qpmb`fcf`efpqlof`^ibsbkqp tbobqofddboba_v`ifj^qb`e^kdbfpkfde lkfjmlppf_ib)_rqm^fkpq^hfkdpqrafbp_v A^sfaWe^kdlcqebRkfsbopfqvlcElkdHlkd e^sbpeltkqe^qqebobfp^pqolkdifkh _bqtbbk`llibomboflap^kac^jfkb)mi^drb) j^ppjfdo^qflkp)pl`f^iqrojlfi^kabsbk t^op%KbtP`fbkqfpq)1>rdrpq/-./)m0/&+ ÎF_bifbsbfqfpmlppf_ibqe^qqebab`^a^i*p`^ib `llifkdfk20-p^ka21-p`lriae^sb`^rpba bmfabjf`p)ÏWe^kdp^vp+ÎKlqlkiv_b`^rpb ÎLqebotfpbvlrtlriakÑqdbq^pfdk^ifkqeb ^qqebRkfsbopfqvlcQbu^p^q>rpqfk)tele^p lcqebjfdo^qflkp)_rq^ipl_b`^rpbc^jfkb f`b^q_lqemlibp+Ï tlohbalkFilm^kdlclovb^op+Qebobt^pgrpq `^rpbamlloeb^iqe^jlkdmlmri^qflkp+Ï Qeberkqcloqebsli`^klt^plkÌ^ka^ lkbmol_ibj7`^o_lka^qfkdlcmi^kqj^qbof^i >iqelrdetbtfiikbsbohkltcloprobte^q prpmb`qpllkbjbodba+Cloqrfqlrpiv)Pqbccbk clrkafkqeb^pemlfkqbaql^a^qbpljbqfjb qebefpqlof`^i`lkpbnrbk`bptbob)fk/--/ Hrqqbolic^qHfbiRkfsbopfqvfkDboj^kv^ka ^olrka>A10-+Qe^qt^p.--vb^opqllb^oiv) ?^fiifbpbq^_lrqillhfkdclobsfabk`blc^k efp`liib^drbptbobob^ppbppfkdqebpfwblc _rqqeba^qfkdt^plkivmolsfpflk^i+ buqo^qboobpqof^iqofddboÌpr`e^pqebplifafcfba hkltksli`^kf`bormqflkpfk@bkqo^i>jbof`^ >cqboob^afkdqebpbpqrafbp)Ariiqb^jba aolmibqplcjliqbkj^qbof^idbkbo^qba_v^k _vjb^profkd^peabmlpfqp+Qebfotloh) rmtfqeHrqqbolic+Qebfab^t^pqlmfkaltk fjm^`qÌfk^Dobbki^kaf`b`lob+ÎTbclrka mr_ifpebatfqefkjlkqeplcSfkqeboÑppqrav) qeba^qbjlobmob`fpbiv_v`^o_lka^qfkd qe^qfqt^pm^`hbacriilcdi^ppv^kajbq^iif` alr_ibaqebbpqfj^qbapfwblc^kbormqflk qebdoltqeofkdpfk^qobbqorkh+Qe^qjb^kq pmeboribp)^kaFqelrdeqtbe^alrobsfabk`b+Ï coljqebFilm^kdlsli`^klfkBiP^is^alo+Tb cfkafkd^qobbfkqeb^pe+Fk/-.-)qebqb^j ?rqfqt^pkÑqql_b+Qebobt^pklqo^`blc klthkltqefpbormqflkdbkbo^qba51`r_f` ^kklrk`bacfkafkd^qobbqe^qe^aafba pfjfi^opmeboribpfk^pb`lkaf`b`lob+ÎQeb hfiljbqobplc^pe)p^vpHrqqbolic+ pljbqfjb_bqtbbk2--^ka22-)j^hfkd pmeboribpfkqebcfopqf`be^aql_b
Recommended publications
  • The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the D
    The Politics of Roman Memory in the Age of Justinian DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Marion Woodrow Kruse, III Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2015 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Advisor; Benjamin Acosta-Hughes; Nathan Rosenstein Copyright by Marion Woodrow Kruse, III 2015 ABSTRACT This dissertation explores the use of Roman historical memory from the late fifth century through the middle of the sixth century AD. The collapse of Roman government in the western Roman empire in the late fifth century inspired a crisis of identity and political messaging in the eastern Roman empire of the same period. I argue that the Romans of the eastern empire, in particular those who lived in Constantinople and worked in or around the imperial administration, responded to the challenge posed by the loss of Rome by rewriting the history of the Roman empire. The new historical narratives that arose during this period were initially concerned with Roman identity and fixated on urban space (in particular the cities of Rome and Constantinople) and Roman mythistory. By the sixth century, however, the debate over Roman history had begun to infuse all levels of Roman political discourse and became a major component of the emperor Justinian’s imperial messaging and propaganda, especially in his Novels. The imperial history proposed by the Novels was aggressivley challenged by other writers of the period, creating a clear historical and political conflict over the role and import of Roman history as a model or justification for Roman politics in the sixth century.
    [Show full text]
  • The Athenian Agora
    Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 12 Prepared by Dorothy Burr Thompson Produced by The Stinehour Press, Lunenburg, Vermont American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1993 ISBN 87661-635-x EXCAVATIONS OF THE ATHENIAN AGORA PICTURE BOOKS I. Pots and Pans of Classical Athens (1959) 2. The Stoa ofAttalos II in Athens (revised 1992) 3. Miniature Sculpturefrom the Athenian Agora (1959) 4. The Athenian Citizen (revised 1987) 5. Ancient Portraitsfrom the Athenian Agora (1963) 6. Amphoras and the Ancient Wine Trade (revised 1979) 7. The Middle Ages in the Athenian Agora (1961) 8. Garden Lore of Ancient Athens (1963) 9. Lampsfrom the Athenian Agora (1964) 10. Inscriptionsfrom the Athenian Agora (1966) I I. Waterworks in the Athenian Agora (1968) 12. An Ancient Shopping Center: The Athenian Agora (revised 1993) I 3. Early Burialsfrom the Agora Cemeteries (I 973) 14. Graffiti in the Athenian Agora (revised 1988) I 5. Greek and Roman Coins in the Athenian Agora (1975) 16. The Athenian Agora: A Short Guide (revised 1986) French, German, and Greek editions 17. Socrates in the Agora (1978) 18. Mediaeval and Modern Coins in the Athenian Agora (1978) 19. Gods and Heroes in the Athenian Agora (1980) 20. Bronzeworkers in the Athenian Agora (1982) 21. Ancient Athenian Building Methods (1984) 22. Birds ofthe Athenian Agora (1985) These booklets are obtainable from the American School of Classical Studies at Athens c/o Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. 08540, U.S.A They are also available in the Agora Museum, Stoa of Attalos, Athens Cover: Slaves carrying a Spitted Cake from Market.
    [Show full text]
  • ROTEX Gassolarunit Gas Condensing Boiler with Stratified Solar Storage Tank
    For specialist technical operation ROTEX GasSolarUnit Gas condensing boiler with stratified solar storage tank Installation and maintenance instructions 0085 BM 0065 Type Rated thermal output GB ROTEX GSU 320 3 - 20 kW modulating Edition 09/2007 ROTEX GSU 520S 3 - 20 kW modulating ROTEX GSU 530S 7 - 30 kW modulating ROTEX GSU 535 8 - 35 kW modulating Manufacture number Customer Guarantee and conformity ROTEX accepts the guarantee for material and manufacturing defects according to this statement. Within the guarantee period, ROTEX agrees to have the device repaired by a person assigned by the company, free of charge. ROTEX reserves the right to replace the device. The guarantee is only valid if the device has been used properly and it can be proved that it was installed properly by an expert firm. As proof, we strongly recommend completing the enclosed installation and instruction forms and returning them to ROTEX. Guarantee period The guarantee period begins on the day of installation (billing date of the installation company), however at the latest 6 months after the date of manufacture (billing date). The guarantee period is not extended if the device is returned for repairs or if the device is replaced. Guarantee period of burner, boiler body and boiler electronics: 2 years Guarantee exclusion Improper use, intervention in the device and unprofessional modifications immediately invalidate the guarantee claim. Dispatch and transport damage are excluded from the guarantee offer. The guarantee explicitly excludes follow-up costs, especially the assembly and disassembly costs of the device. There is no guarantee claim for wear parts (according to the manufacturer's definition), such as lights, switches, fuses.
    [Show full text]
  • The Edictum Theoderici: a Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy
    The Edictum Theoderici: A Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy By Sean D.W. Lafferty A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto © Copyright by Sean D.W. Lafferty 2010 The Edictum Theoderici: A Study of a Roman Legal Document from Ostrogothic Italy Sean D.W. Lafferty Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto 2010 Abstract This is a study of a Roman legal document of unknown date and debated origin conventionally known as the Edictum Theoderici (ET). Comprised of 154 edicta, or provisions, in addition to a prologue and epilogue, the ET is a significant but largely overlooked document for understanding the institutions of Roman law, legal administration and society in the West from the fourth to early sixth century. The purpose is to situate the text within its proper historical and legal context, to understand better the processes involved in the creation of new law in the post-Roman world, as well as to appreciate how the various social, political and cultural changes associated with the end of the classical world and the beginning of the Middle Ages manifested themselves in the domain of Roman law. It is argued here that the ET was produced by a group of unknown Roman jurisprudents working under the instructions of the Ostrogothic king Theoderic the Great (493-526), and was intended as a guide for settling disputes between the Roman and Ostrogothic inhabitants of Italy. A study of its contents in relation to earlier Roman law and legal custom preserved in imperial decrees and juristic commentaries offers a revealing glimpse into how, and to what extent, Roman law survived and evolved in Italy following the decline and eventual collapse of imperial authority in the region.
    [Show full text]
  • Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation
    Empire of Hope and Tragedy: Jordanes and the Invention of Roman-Gothic History Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Brian Swain Graduate Program in History The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Timothy Gregory, Co-advisor Anthony Kaldellis Kristina Sessa, Co-advisor Copyright by Brian Swain 2014 Abstract This dissertation explores the intersection of political and ethnic conflict during the emperor Justinian’s wars of reconquest through the figure and texts of Jordanes, the earliest barbarian voice to survive antiquity. Jordanes was ethnically Gothic - and yet he also claimed a Roman identity. Writing from Constantinople in 551, he penned two Latin histories on the Gothic and Roman pasts respectively. Crucially, Jordanes wrote while Goths and Romans clashed in the imperial war to reclaim the Italian homeland that had been under Gothic rule since 493. That a Roman Goth wrote about Goths while Rome was at war with Goths is significant and has no analogue in the ancient record. I argue that it was precisely this conflict which prompted Jordanes’ historical inquiry. Jordanes, though, has long been considered a mere copyist, and seldom treated as an historian with ideas of his own. And the few scholars who have treated Jordanes as an original author have dampened the significance of his Gothicness by arguing that barbarian ethnicities were evanescent and subsumed by the gravity of a Roman political identity. They hold that Jordanes was simply a Roman who can tell us only about Roman things, and supported the Roman emperor in his war against the Goths.
    [Show full text]
  • Accessories for Two-Way Radios PRYME RADIO PRODUCTS MSRP
    Accessories for Two-Way Radios PRYME RADIO PRODUCTS Effective Apr.1, 2021 MSRP PRICE LIST Prices subject to change without notice. Quick Disconnect (QD) accessories and radio adapters provide both security and usability. Just install the PA series adapter onto the radio then plug the QD accessory into the rugged six-pin QD connector. CLICK ON PICTURE FOR LINK TO PRODUCT ON THE PRYME WEBSITE. DON'T SEE WHAT YOU WANT? WE ARE ALWAYS ADDING NEW PRODUCTS - PLEASE CALL FOR THE LATEST INFO. Click on Photo PART NUMBER PRODUCT DESCRIPTION MSRP These QD Accessories can also be used on PRYMEBLU adapters that have a QD connector. (List) SPM-4205 Storm Trooper® WATER-PROOF SPEAKER MICROPHONE with Hi/Low Volume control switch and NC $110.00 (Noise canceling) Mic. Designed to meet IP67 standards for water-proof and dust resistance and comes with a 3 year warranty. 3.5mm jack for listen only earphones. X05 Connector (order radio adapter separately) SPM-2205 TROOPER II® Series HEAVY DUTY SPEAKER MICROPHONES have a Noise canceling Mic and are designed $70.00 to meet MIL-STD-810 mechanical and IP57 Dust and Water Proof standards. Troopers also have a 3.5mm earphone jack and 3-year warranty. X05 Connector (order radio adapter separately) SPM-2105 TROOPER® Series HEAVY DUTY SPEAKER MICROPHONES have a Replaceable Cable and are designed to $70.00 meet MIL-STD-810 mechanical and IP56 Dust and Water Resistant standards. Troopers also have a 3.5mm earphone jack and 3-year warranty. X05 Connector (order radio adapter separately) SPM-605 OEM (Motorola) Style SPEAKER MICROPHONE.
    [Show full text]
  • International Brangus Breeders Association 5750 Epsilon San Antonio, TX 78249 (210) 696-4343
    International Brangus Breeders Association 5750 Epsilon San Antonio, TX 78249 (210) 696-4343 2015 SUMMIT COW LISTING The following requirments are used to identify the Summit Cows: ~ Initially calved at 30 months of age or younger ~ Maintained a calving interval of 380 days or less ~ Must have weaned at least 3 calves ~ All calves weaned must have weaning records submitted ~ Average weaning weight ratio on all weaned calves is 105 or higher ~ All calves must be sired by a registered Brangus bull ~ All 2015 Summit Cows must have recorded a calf born since Jul 1, 2013 To be listed here, the cows must be owned by current IBBA members Owner Reg No PHN Name Award Year 3-D FARMS R10085158 75S A&D BIG SKY KATE 75S 2014 Summit Cow 4F WARD RANCH R761503 101J6 MS HCC CATHY 101J6 2009 Summit Cow R9681551 420/4 MS JR/ CADENCE 312H2 420/4 2015 Summit Cow ** R9677477 59/3 MS JR/ CAPTAIN 59/3 2013 Summit Cow R819407 876/2 MS JR LAZY BAR CADENCE 876/2 2009 Summit Cow R793914 876/1 MS TWIN OAKS 876/1 2014 Summit Cow R804851 98/2 MS TWIN OAKS CADENCE 98/2 2009 Summit Cow 4 MILE CATTLE COMPANY R10044384 35S4 SVF MS 35S4 2012 Summit Cow ADDISON BRANGUS FARMS R10071347 27S SVF MS 607N2 27S 2015 Summit Cow ** A FRANK BROCK R728577 114H BF MS. BRAVO 114H 2009 Summit Cow R674732 746-6 BF MS BRAVO 746-6 2011 Summit Cow R728599 93H BF MS. BRAVO 93H 2008 Summit Cow R728582 97H BF MS.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aksumites in South Arabia: an African Diaspora of Late Antiquity
    Chapter 11 The Aksumites in South Arabia: An African Diaspora of Late Antiquity George Hatke 1 Introduction Much has been written over the years about foreign, specifically western, colo- nialism in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as about the foreign peoples, western and non-western alike, who have settled in sub-Saharan Africa during the modern period. However, although many large-scale states rose and fell in sub- Saharan Africa throughout pre-colonial times, the history of African imperial expansion into non-African lands is to a large degree the history of Egyptian invasions of Syria-Palestine during Pharaonic and Ptolemaic times, Carthagin- ian (effectively Phoenician) expansion into Sicily and Spain in the second half of the first millennium b.c.e, and the Almoravid and Almohad invasions of the Iberian Peninsula during the Middle Ages. However, none of this history involved sub-Saharan Africans to any appreciable degree. Yet during Late Antiquity,1 Aksum, a sub-Saharan African kingdom based in the northern Ethi- opian highlands, invaded its neighbors across the Red Sea on several occasions. Aksum, named after its capital city, was during this time an active participant in the long-distance sea trade linking the Mediterranean with India via the Red Sea. It was a literate kingdom with a tradition of monumental art and ar- chitecture and already a long history of contact with South Arabia. The history of Aksumite expansion into, and settlement in, South Arabia can be divided into two main periods. The first lasts from the late 2nd to the late 3rd century 1 Although there is disagreement among scholars as to the chronological limits of “Late Antiq- uity”—itself a modern concept—the term is, for the purposes of the present study, used to refer to the period from ca.
    [Show full text]
  • 25011016 Justinian
    "Our Most Pious Consort Given Us by God": Dissident Reactions to the Partnership of Justinian and Theodora, A.D. 525-548 Author(s): Charles Pazdernik Source: Classical Antiquity, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Oct., 1994), pp. 256-281 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25011016 Accessed: 12-01-2017 22:58 UTC REFERENCES Linked references are available on JSTOR for this article: http://www.jstor.org/stable/25011016?seq=1&cid=pdf-reference#references_tab_contents You may need to log in to JSTOR to access the linked references. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Antiquity This content downloaded from 128.228.173.41 on Thu, 12 Jan 2017 22:58:39 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms CHARLES PAZDERNIK "Our Most Pious Consort Given Us by God": Dissident Reactions to the Partnership of Justinian and Theodora, A.D. 525-548 T E VIVIDNESS with which the reign of Justinian I and his empress Theodora holds our imagination emerges no less from the coloring given the period in the writings of contemporary figures than from the events themselves, however momentous they were.
    [Show full text]
  • Baekje's Relationship with Japan in the 6Th Century G G G PARK, Hyun-Sook* G G Introduction
    International Journal of Korean History(Vol.11, Dec. 2007) 97 G G G Baekje's Relationship with Japan in the 6th Century G G G PARK, Hyun-Sook* G G Introduction The goal of the present study is to elucidate the nature of foreign relations between Baekje (ᓏ᱕) and Japan's Yamato regime in the 6th century. The relations between Korea and Japan in the 6th century is recorded extensively in ØNihon Shoki (ᬝᔲᙠᄀ)Ù. Although Japan had relations with several countries in Korea, the focus of the book is heavily placed on Baekje. Therefore, unveiling the nature of foreign relations between Baekje and the Yamato regime of Japan in the 6th century is important to determine the actual situation of Korea-Japan relations in ancient times. One major theme in research trends1 concerning the relations between 6th century Baekje and Japan's Yamato regime is the continuity found between the ‘Imna-Ilbon Bu (ᬢᄧᬝᔲᕒ)’ of the “Wai (ᦖ)” after the 4th century and the tributary foreign relation policy of Baekje. Conversely, in Korea, a mutually beneficial relationship existed between Baekje and Japan Baekje provided advanced cultural resources and Japan provided military power. Thus, the mutual understanding based on tactical foreign relation policy2 defined the relations between these two countries. In this GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG * Professor, Department of History Education, Korea University. 98 Baekje's Relationship with Japan in the 6th Century light, studies of Korean and Japan relations were not able to clarify reality due to the understanding of others through their own perspectives. Basically, the standpoint of Japanese historians has centered on the Yamato regime and on its dynamical relations with the Three Kingdoms of the Korean peninsula.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of the 536/540 CE Double Volcanic Eruption Event on the 6Th-7Th Century Climate Using Model and Proxy Data
    Impact of the 536/540 CE double volcanic eruption event on the 6th-7th century climate using model and proxy data Evelien van Dijk Claudia Timmreck, Johann Jungclaus, Stephan Lorenz, Manon Bajard, Josh Bostic and Kirstin Krüger EGU 2020, session CL1.18: Studying the climate of the last two millennia [email protected] https://www.mn.uio.no/geo/english/research/projects/vikings/ Motivation and Background ● Volcanic eruptions are important climate drivers (Crowley et al., 2000; Robock 2000) ● Very cold period after the 536/540 CE double eruption event in the mid-6th century (Larsen et al., 2008; Sigl et al., 2015) ● Evidence from multiple tree-ring records for a centennial cooling up to 660 CE (Büntgen et al., 2016) ● Previous MPI-ESM simulations show a decrease in surface temperature and an increase in Arctic sea-ice up to 15 years (Toohey et al., 2016) Research question: Can we force a century long lasting cooling due to major volcanic eruptions in the 6th-7th century in earth system models? van Dijk et al., in prep. 2 © E. van Dijk . All rights reserved Model experiment and set-up MPI-ESM-LR1.2 version for CMIP6/PMIP4 (Mauritsen et al., 2019) ECHAM6: T63 → 200x200 km, 47 vertical levels, top @ 80km MPIOM: GR1.5 → 150x150 km, 40 vertical levels ● 10 x 160 years → 520-680 CE Eruption Eruption S Peak Latitude year CE month injected aerosol of ● spin up from PMIP4/Past2k run optical eruption depth in ● PMIP4 volcanic forcing model (Toohey and Sigl 2017, Jungclaus et al., 2017) 536 Jan 18.8 Tg 0.5 NHext (~45N) ● Anomalies calculated wrt 0- 540 Jan 31.8 Tg 0.7 Tropical 1850 CE (Past2k run) (~15N) 574 Jan 24.2 Tg 0.6 Tropical 626 Jan 13.2 Tg 0.4 NHext *Toohey and Sigl (2017): eVolv2k, based on ice-core records + Easy Volcanic Aerosol model + scaling factor (Gao et al.
    [Show full text]
  • ARTIK 530/530S Module Datasheet Samsung Semiconductor, Inc
    ARTIK 530/530s Module Datasheet Samsung Semiconductor, Inc. ARTIK 530/530s Module Datasheet MODULE OVERVIEW ARTIK 530 The Samsung ARTIK™ 530/530s Module is a highly-integrated System-in-Module that combines a quad-core ARM® Cortex®- A9 processor packaged with 512MB or 1GB DRAM and Flash memory, a Security Subsystem, and a wide range of wireless communication options—such as 802.11a/b/g/n for Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth® 4.2 (BLE+Classic), and 802.15.4 for Zigbee—all into one 49×36mm footprint. The many standard digital control interfaces support external sensors and higher performance peripherals to expand the module’s capabilities. With the combination of 802.11, Bluetooth® and 802.15.4, the ARTIK 530/530s Module is the perfect choice for home automation and home hub devices, while also supporting a rich UI/UX capability for camera and display requirements. The inclusion of a hardware-based Secure Element provides end-to-end security. ARTIK 530s and ARTIK 530s 1G Processor CPU Quad-core ARM® Cortex®[email protected] GPU 3D graphics accelerator Media Camera I/F 4-lane MIPI CSI up to 5M (1920x1080@30fps) Display 4-lane MIPI DSI and HDMI1.4a (1920x1080p@60fps) or LVDS (1280×720p@60fps) Audio Two I2S audio interface Memory DRAM 512MB or 1GB DDR3 @ 800MHz FLASH 4GB eMMC v4.5 Security Secure Element Secure point to point authentication and data transfer Trusted Execution Trustware Environment ARTIK 530s: 0530-1.04 W34 Radio ARTIK 530s 1G: 0533-1.00 W31 WLAN IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n, dual-band SISO ARTIK 530s: SIP-005AFS302 Bluetooth® 4.2 (Classic+BLE) ARTIK 530s 1G: SIP–005AUS332 ARTIK 530s: 530 LR_WPAN IEEE 802.15.4 ARTIK 530s 1G: 533 Power Management PMIC Provides all power of the ARTIK 530/530s Module using onboard bucks and LDOs Figure 1.
    [Show full text]