DOCSLIB.ORG

A New Species of Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Nan Province, Northern Thailand

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A New Species of Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Nan Province, Northern Thailand Tropical Natural History 20(2): 144–161, August 2020 2020 by Chulalongkorn University A New Species of Tylototriton (Urodela: Salamandridae) from Nan Province, Northern Thailand PORRAWEE POMCHOTE1*, WICHASE KHONSUE1, PANUPONG THAMMACHOTI1, AXEL HERNANDEZ2, PARADA PEERACHIDACHO1, CHATMONGKON SUWANNAPOOM3, YASUHO ONISHI4 AND KANTO NISHIKAWA4, 5 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 2Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte 20250, FRANCE 3Division of Fishery, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, THAILAND 4Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN 5Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN * Corresponding author. Porrawee Pomchote ([email protected]) Received: 27 February 2020; Accepted: 6 June 2020 ABSTRACT.– A new species of the genus Tylototriton, obtained from Doi Phu Kha National Park, Nan Province, northern Thailand, is described based on molecular and morphological evidence and named herein as Tylototriton phukhaensis sp. nov. The new species is morphologically distinct from the four known Thai Tylototriton species (T. panhai, T. uyenoi, T. anguliceps and T. verrucosus), in having a prominent, narrow, and straight sagittal ridge on the head that distinguishes it from the other Thai species. The molecular analysis also indicated that the new species is a distinct lineage and sister to T. anguliceps and T. uyenoi. The knowledge obtained in this study will greatly contribute to conducting the future conservation of Thai Tylototriton. KEY WORDS: molecular phylogeny, morphology, new species, Thailand, Tylototriton been subdivided into the two subgenera of INTRODUCTION Tylototriton and Yaotriton (e.g., Nishikawa et al., 2013a, 2013b; Phimmachak et al., The salamandrid genus Tylototriton was 2015; Wang et al., 2018). From the above established in 1871 following the discovery records, Thailand is located at the lowest of the first species of the crocodile newt, latitude for this genus. Tylototriton verrucosus, in a flooded rice In Thailand, Pomchote et al. (2008) paddy near Nantin high up between the recognized two different phenotypes of T. Momien and Husa valleys, Yunnan verrucosus that had an allopatric distribution Province, southwestern China (Anderson, and showed morphological differences. 1871). In the following almost 150 years Nishikawa et al. (2013a) analyzed the this species and genus has been found to phylogenetic and morphological characteristics have a wide distribution range in the hills of these populations and described them as new and mountains of the Himalayan region species (T. uyenoi and T. panhai) and also from northeastern India, Bhutan, eastern recognized another cryptic lineage, later Nepal, southern China through northern described as T. anguliceps (Le et al., 2015). Myanmar, northern Thailand to northern At present, four Tylototriton species (T. Vietnam (Wang et al., 2018). The genus has POMCHOTE ET AL. — A NEW SPECIES OF TYLOTOTRITON FROM NAN, THAILAND 145 panhai, T. uyenoi, T. anguliceps, and T. MATERIALS AND METHODS verrucosus) have been confirmed in Thailand (Pomchote et al., 2020), and includes the Sampling southernmost population of the whole genus Field surveys were conducted on 12 June in Asia, T. panhai (Hernandez et al., 2019). 2019 at Doi Dong Ya Wai Mountain, The distribution of urodeles is restricted to DPKNP, Nan Province, northern Thailand mainly the northern hemisphere because, in (Fig. 1) using the visual encounter survey general, they favor cool and moist habitats method. Five specimens were found in an (Webb et al., 1981). In their southernmost isolated temporary swamp located on the distribution, such as in Southeast Asia, mountain at an elevation of 1,795 m amsl. Tylototriton tends to be restricted to middle They were caught by hand and kept in to high elevations in moist and forested plastic boxes for examination. mountains (Hernandez et al., 2018). In All specimens were checked for sex and Thailand, Tylototriton species are distributed maturity using the cloacal characters allopatrically in high mountainous areas at (Pomchote et al., 2008), and were ascribed an altitude of more than 1,000 m above mean as three adult males and two adult females. sea level (amsl) throughout the northern and All five samples were used for molecular northeastern parts (Pomchote et al., 2020). studies (Table 1), while one of the males However, the phylogeographic survey on and both females were used for the the Thai species is not complete yet, which morphological analysis. has been basically been reliant on Pomchote Following previous studies (Pomchote et et al. (2008) without surveying various high al., 2020), live specimens were euthanized and non-continuous mountain populations in by immersion in a solution of tricaine Thailand. From the aforementioned data, it methane sulfonate (MS-222; 5 g/L) for is probable that more unknown newts are about 5 min, measured for morphometrics existent in Thailand. and body weight (BW), as detailed below, From our field survey in Doi Phu Kha and tissue samples of each individual were National Park (DPKNP), Nan Province, obtained by removing the tail tip, and then which is located in the northern part of preserved in 95% (v/v) ethanol for Thailand, we discovered the easternmost molecular analysis. An antiseptic liquid was population of Thai Tylototriton sp. The used to clean the wound for the samples color pattern of the newts found in DPKNP released back in the habitat, whilst those for was rather similar to T. anguliceps, T. uyenoi, voucher specimens and morphological and T. verrucosus but with some differences analysis were preserved in 70% (v/v) in external morphology. Therefore, we used ethanol and temporarily deposited at The mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequence data and Chulalongkorn University Museum of morphological characters to clarify the Natural History (CUMZ). taxonomic status of the Tylototriton sp. Molecular Study from DPKNP. Based on the molecular and After removal, the tail-tip tissue samples morphological analyses, the specimens from were used for molecular analysis. Genomic DPKNP belong to a lineage distinct from DNA extraction, PCR amplification and known species of Tylototriton, and so are sequencing of the mtNADH dehydrogenase named and described as Tylototriton subunit 2 region (ND2) gene were performed phukhaensis sp. nov. herein. as previously reported (Pomchote et al., 2020). 146 TROPICAL NATURAL HISTORY 20(2), AUGUST 2020 FIGURE 1. Current known distribution of Tylototriton phukhaensis sp. nov. from DPKNP, Nan Province (red circle = type locality). The map was modified by Praphatsorn Punsompong We combined the new sequences of the The first three million generations were DPKNP samples with those of the other discarded as burn-in, and we considered species available from GenBank (Table 1). topologies with posterior probabilities (bpp) The optimum substitution models were of 0.95 or greater as significant support selected by Kakusan 4 (Tanabe, 2011). We (Leaché and Reeder, 2002). Pairwise applied a non-partition model to our dataset, comparisons of uncorrected sequence then constructed phylogenetic trees by divergences (p-distance by 988 bps) were maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian calculated using MEGA7 (Kumar et al., inference (BI) methods. The ML tree was 2016). searched using RAxML (Stamatakis, 2014) Morphological Study using the gamma model of rate We compared the morphometric heterogeneity option, and the BI tree was characters of the DPKNP newts with those searched with MrBayes v3.2.6 (Ronquist et of three of the four known Tylototriton al., 2012). species found in Thailand (T. anguliceps, T. The robustness of the ML tree was tested uyenoi, and T. verrucosus) using data from using bootstrap analysis (Felsenstein, 1985) Pomchote et al. (2020) because their color with 2,000 replicates, and we regarded tree pattern is rather similar and judged as the T. topologies with bootstrap values (bs) of verrucosus group (Nishikawa et al., 2013a). 70% or more to be significantly supported Furthermore, the DPKNP population has (Huelsenbeck and Hillis, 1993). For BI, two previously been identified as T. verrucosus independent runs of four Markov chains (Nabhitabhata and Chan-ard, 2005), T. were conducted for 10 million generations. uyenoi (Hernandez, 2016), or T. anguliceps POMCHOTE ET AL. — A NEW SPECIES OF TYLOTOTRITON FROM NAN, THAILAND 147 TABLE 1. Samples of Tylototriton species and related species used for molecular analyses. CAS = California Academy of Sciences; CIB = Chengdu Institute of Biology; CUMZ (A) = Natural History Museum of Chulalongkorn University Section Amphibians; KIZ = Kunming Institute of Zoology; KUHE = Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University; MVZ = Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley; NMNS = National Museum of Natural Science, Taiwan; VNMN = Vietnam National Museum of Nature; ZMMU = Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. *Topotype. No. Species Voucher number Locality GenBank no. Source 1 T. phukhaensis sp. nov. CUMZ-A-7717 DPKNP, Nan, Thailand MN912573 This study 2 T. phukhaensis sp. nov. CUMZ-A-7718 DPKNP, Nan, Thailand MN912574 This study 3 T. phukhaensis sp. nov. CUMZ-A-7719 DPKNP, Nan, Thailand MN912575 This study 4 T. phukhaensis sp. nov. CUMZ-A-7720 DPKNP, Nan, Thailand MN912576
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Conservation Matters: CITES and New Herp Listings
    Conservation matters:FEATURE | CITES CITES and new herp listings The red-tailed knobby newt (Tylototriton kweichowensis) now has a higher level of protection under CITES. Photo courtesy Milan Zygmunt/www. shutterstock.com What are the recent CITES listing changes and what do they mean for herp owners? Dr. Thomas E.J. Leuteritz from the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service explains. id you know that your pet It is not just live herp may be a species of animals that are protected wildlife? Many covered by CITES, exotic reptiles and but parts and Damphibians are protected under derivatives too, such as crocodile skins CITES, also known as the Convention that feature in the on International Trade in Endangered leather trade. Plants Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. and timber are also Initiated in 1973, CITES is an included. international agreement currently Photo courtesy asharkyu/ signed by 182 countries and the www.shutterstock.com European Union (also known as responsibility of the Secretary of the How does CITES work? Parties), which regulates Interior, who has tasked the U.S. Fish Species protected by CITES are international trade in more than and Wildlife Service (USFWS) as the included in one of three lists, 35,000 wild animal and plant species, lead agency responsible for the referred to as Appendices, according including their parts, products, and Convention’s implementation. You to the degree of protection they derivatives. can help USFWS conserve these need: Appendix I includes species The aim of CITES is to ensure that species by complying with CITES threatened with extinction and international trade in specimens of and other wildlife laws to ensure provides the greatest level of wild animals and plants does not that your activities as a pet owner or protection, including restrictions on threaten their survival in the wild.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya
    Asian Herpetological Research 2015, 6(4): 245–256 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140097 A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from Eastern Himalaya Janak Raj KHATIWADA1, 2**, Bin WANG1**, Subarna GHIMIRE3, Karthikeyan VASUDEVAN4, Shanta PAUDEL5 and Jianping JIANG1* 1 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquanlu, Beijing 100049, China 3 Tribhuvan University, Central Department of Zoology, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 4 CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Laboratory for the Conservation of Endangered Species, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500048, India 5 Himalayan Research and Conservation Nepal, GPO Box 8975 EPC 5997, Kathmandu, Nepal Abstract A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described from eastern Himalaya based on molecular and morphological comparisons. The new species is diagnosable from the closely-related species by having light brown colouration in dorsal region in life, flat and blunt snout, greatly separated dorsolateral bony ridges on head and straight- thick tailfin. In addition to head morphology, the new species is also morphologically distinguishable from its closely- related species Tylototriton shanorum by having 16 dorsal warts and average smaller Snout Vent Length (SVL). Keywords Tylototriton himalayanus sp. nov., eastern Himalaya, morphology, molecular phylogeny, taxonomy 1. Introduction some cryptic species are still need to be confirmed (Nishikawa et al., 2013a; Nishikawa et al., 2014; Zhang The salamandrid genus Tylototriton Anderson, 1871 et al., 2013). Some of the newly-described species are ranges across eastern Himalaya, Indochina and South found on the edge of the distribution of Tylototriton, China, and presently includes 21 species (Fei et al., for example, T.
    [Show full text]
  • First National Record of <I>Gracixalus Quangi</I>
    Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e67667 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e67667 Taxonomic Paper First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand Sengvilay Lorphengsy‡,§, Tan Van Nguyen|, Nikolay A. Poyarkov¶,#, Yun-He Wu ¤, Parinya Pawangkhanant«, Supaporn Passorn‡, Jing Che ¤, Chatmongkon Suwannapoom« ‡ Division of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand § The Biotechnology and Ecology Institute Ministry of Science and Technology, Vientiane, Laos | Department of Species Conservation, Save Vietnam’s Wildlife,, Ninh Binh, Vietnam ¶ Faculty of Biology, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Moscow State University, Moscow, Moscow, Russia # Laboratory of Tropical Ecology, Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Center, Hanoi, Vietnam ¤ State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China « Division of Fishery, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand Corresponding author: Chatmongkon Suwannapoom ([email protected]) Academic editor: Truong Nguyen Received: 20 Apr 2021 | Accepted: 25 May 2021 | Published: 28 May 2021 Citation: Lorphengsy S, Nguyen TV, Poyarkov NA, Wu Y-H, Pawangkhanant P, Passorn S, Che J, Suwannapoom C (2021) First national record of Gracixalus quangi Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011 and G. yunnanensis Yu, Li, Wang, Rao, Wu &Yang, 2019 (Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Thailand. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e67667. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e67667 Abstract Background The bushfrog genus Gracixalus Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2005 is found in southern and south-western China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar.
    [Show full text]
  • Amomum Spathilabium (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), a New Species from Northern Thailand
    THAI FOREST BULL., BOT. 47(2): 193–195. 2019. DOI https://doi.org/10.20531/tfb.2019.47.2.11 Amomum spathilabium (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae), a new species from northern Thailand WITTAYA KAEWSRI1 & SUPANATH KANJANAWATTANAWONG1,* ABSTRACT Amomum spathilabium, a new species from Nan Province in northern Thailand, is described and illustrated. It is closely related to A. subcapitatum but differs in the labellum shape, anther crest shape and longer ligule. Details on distribution, ecology, etymology, and a preliminary conservation assessment are provided. KEYWORDS: Amomum subcapitatum, Doi Phu Kha, native plant, spathulate labellum, taxonomy. Accepted for publication: 23 September 2019. Published online: 12 November 2019 INTRODUCTION Flora of China. After further examination of the flowers, fruits and comparison of type material and Amomum Roxb. (Zingiberaceae: Alpinieae) as protologues of all known species with winged fruits currently understood consists of approximately from other adjacent areas such as India, China, 64 species of which almost 30 were previously Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (e.g. Roxburgh, 1820; recognized as Elettariopsis curtisii Baker (De Boer Wu & Larsen, 2000; Lamxay & Newman, 2012), it et al., 2018). As currently delimited, Amomum species is concluded that this collection represent a new are characterized by having radical inflorescences, species which we describe and illustrate below as bracts subtending single flowers and staminodes Amomum spathilabium. small triangulate or oblong, or absent, but never connate to the filament, and the fruit is winged (at least partly), or angled to grooved, (De Boer et al., 2018). DESCRIPTION The greatest diversity of Amomum is found in north- Amomum spathilabium W.Kaewsri, sp. nov. Type: east India and the Indochinese floristic region, with Thailand, northern: Nan, Doi Phu Kha, 19° 12.244′ N, several species in the Amomum maximum Roxb.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province
    Asian Herpetological Research 2017, 8(3): 151–164 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.170013 A New Species of the Genus Tylototriton (Amphibia: Urodela: Salamandridae) from the Southern Dabie Mountains in Anhui Province Lifu QIAN1**, Xiaonan SUN1**, Jiaqi LI2, Weibo GUO2, Tao PAN1, Xing KANG1, Hui WANG1, Jianping JIANG3, Jun WU2* and Baowei ZHANG1* 1 Anhui Key Laboratory of Eco-engineering and Bio-technique, School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China 2 Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences under the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China 3 Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China Abstract A new species of the genus Tylototriton is described, from Yuexi county, Anhui province, in the south of the Dabie Mountains. It is based on morphological and molecular analysis. The new species is identified as belonging to the Tylototriton asperrimus group and shares a number of similarities with T. wenxianensis, T. broadoridgus and T. dabienicus. The diagnostic characteristics of the new species are as follows: the head length is greater than the width of the head; bony ridges on the head are prominent and necked-in; the distal digit ends, ventral digits, peripheral area of the cloaca and the tail’s lower edge are orange. The result from the molecular analysis of the genus Tylototriton (including the type specimen of the new species) based on three mitochondrial genes (ND1, ND2 and CYTB) indicated that the new species was close to T. wenxianensis, T. dabienicus, and T. broadoridgus, but formed an independent clade. This result was consistent with the morphological analysis above, which supports the theory that the population distributed in the south of the Dabie Mountains, namely in from Yuexi county, Anhui province, represented a distinct species, Tylototriton anhuiensis sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Aim Arbor Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Highland Cash Crop Development and Biodiversity Conservation: The Hmong in Northern Thailand by Waranoot Tungittiplakorn B.Sc., Chulalongkorn University, 1988 M..Sc., Asian Institute of Technology, 1991 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment o f the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Geography We accept this dissertation as conforming to the required standard Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Thailand
    © Lonely Planet Publications 339 Northern Thailand The first true Thai kingdoms arose in northern Thailand, endowing this region with a rich cultural heritage. Whether at the sleepy town of Lamphun or the famed ruins of Sukhothai, the ancient origins of Thai art and culture can still be seen. A distinct Thai culture thrives in northern Thailand. The northerners are very proud of their local customs, considering their ways to be part of Thailand’s ‘original’ tradition. Look for symbols displayed by northern Thais to express cultural solidarity: kàlae (carved wooden ‘X’ motifs) on house gables and the ubiquitous sêua mâw hâwm (indigo-dyed rice-farmer’s shirt). The north is also the home of Thailand’s hill tribes, each with their own unique way of life. The region’s diverse mix of ethnic groups range from Karen and Shan to Akha and Yunnanese. The scenic beauty of the north has been fairly well preserved and has more natural for- est cover than any other region in Thailand. It is threaded with majestic rivers, dotted with waterfalls, and breathtaking mountains frame almost every view. The provinces in this chapter have a plethora of natural, cultural and architectural riches. Enjoy one of the most beautiful Lanna temples in Lampang Province. Explore the impressive trekking opportunities and the quiet Mekong river towns of Chiang Rai Province. The exciting hairpin bends and stunning scenery of Mae Hong Son Province make it a popular choice for trekking, river and motorcycle trips. Home to many Burmese refugees, Mae Sot in Tak Province is a fascinating frontier town.
    [Show full text]
  • Feeding in Amphibians: Evolutionary Transformations and Phenotypic Diversity As Drivers of Feeding System Diversity
    Chapter 12 Feeding in Amphibians: Evolutionary Transformations and Phenotypic Diversity as Drivers of Feeding System Diversity Anthony Herrel, James C. O’Reilly, Anne-Claire Fabre, Carla Bardua, Aurélien Lowie, Renaud Boistel and Stanislav N. Gorb Abstract Amphibians are different from most other tetrapods because they have a biphasic life cycle, with larval forms showing a dramatically different cranial anatomy and feeding strategy compared to adults. Amphibians with their exceptional diversity in habitats, lifestyles and reproductive modes are also excellent models for studying the evolutionary divergence in feeding systems. In the present chapter, we review the literature on amphibian feeding anatomy and function published since 2000. We also present some novel unpublished data on caecilian feeding biome- chanics. This review shows that over the past two decades important new insights in our understanding of amphibian feeding anatomy and function have been made possible, thanks to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships between taxa, analyses of development and the use of biomechanical modelling. In terms of functional analyses, important advances involve the temperature-dependent nature of tongue projection mechanisms and the plasticity exhibited by animals when switch- A. Herrel (B) Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N, 55 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris Cedex 05, France e-mail: [email protected] J. C. O’Reilly Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Cleveland Campus, Cleveland, Ohio 334C, USA A.-C. Fabre · C. Bardua Life Sciences Department, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK A. Lowie Department of Biology Evolutionary, Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, K.L.
    [Show full text]
  • Tylototriton Uyenoi, T
    The Herpetological Bulletin 147, 2019: 15-18 SHORT NOTE https://doi.org/10.33256/hb147.1518 New localities for Tylototriton uyenoi, T. panhai and T. anguliceps in Thailand with remarks on the southernmost distribution of the genus AXEL HERNANDEZ1, DANIEL ESCORIZA2, PORRAWEE POMCHOTE3 & MIAN HOU4 1Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, University Pasquale Paoli of Corsica, Corte, 20250, France 2GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17071 Girona, Spain 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand 4College of Continuing Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China Corresponding author Email: [email protected] INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS he genus Tylototriton inhabits tropical and subtropical, We conducted field work over a three-year period Tmoist broad-leaf forests close to waterbodies at moderate 2014‒2016 and 2018 respectively, during the monsoon to high elevations between 1,250 and 1,900 m above sea season (April to September) in north-western, northern and level (m a.s.l.) in Thailand (Taylor, 1962; Wongratana, 1984; north-eastern Thailand. Nabhitabhata & Chan-ard, 2005; Pomchote et al., 2008; Observations of the vegetation and habitat of salamanders Nishikawa et al., 2013; Hernandez, 2016a,b; Dowwiangkan were made during field trips both on sunny and on rainy days et al., 2018). Three species were reported in the region, from approximately 08:00 h to 23:30 h. We surveyed almost Tylototriton uyenoi, Tylototriton panhai and Tylototriton all types of habitat which included permanent and temporary anguliceps (Nishikawa et al., 2013; Le et al., 2015). These streams but also ponds (including artificial reservoirs and crocodile newts are distributed throughout northern Thailand irrigation canals), and surrounding terrestrial habitats, but their occurrence and ecological requirements are poorly stumps, stones and litter.
    [Show full text]
  • Discovering a Population of Tylototriton Verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Thailand: Implications for Conservation
    Tropical Natural History 20(1): 1–15, April 2020 2020 by Chulalongkorn University Discovering a Population of Tylototriton verrucosus (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Thailand: Implications for Conservation PORRAWEE POMCHOTE1*, WICHASE KHONSUE1, PITAK SAPEWISUT2, KOSHIRO ETO3 AND KANTO NISHIKAWA4 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, THAILAND 2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, THAILAND 3Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History & Human History, Fukuoka 805–0071, JAPAN 4Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606–8501, JAPAN * Corresponding author. Porrawee Pomchote ([email protected]) Received: 20 August 2019; Accepted: 17 December 2019 ABSTRACT.– The Asian newt genus Tylototriton, is the only urodelan genus currently recorded in Thailand. For a long time in the past, T. verrucosus was the sole known urodelan species found in Thailand, but was recently shown to be comprised of three cryptic species, T. uyenoi, T. anguliceps, and T. panhai. However, in our molecular study, the newts from Doi Chang, Chiang Rai Province were different from these three recognized Tylototriton species, and nested within the clade of T. verrucosus from China. They also had morphological traits similar to T. verrucosus. These results lead to the confirmation of the existence of T. verrucosus in Thailand. The habitats of T. verrucosus need to be protected by future conservation plans. KEY WORDS: conservation, cryptic species, newt, Thailand, Tylototriton verrucosus INTRODUCTION Nabhitabhata et al., 2000; Chan-ard, 2003). Their habitats are ponds that are covered Thailand is a rather small country that with aquatic plants along with sand, stone has undergone extensive land development, debris, and organic materials scattered on but is still relatively rich in biodiversity the floor.
    [Show full text]
  • Chiang Rai Phayao Phrae Nan Rong Khun Temple CONTENTS
    Chiang Rai Phayao Phrae Nan Rong Khun Temple CONTENTS CHIANG RAI 8 City Attractions 9 Out-of-city Attractions 13 Special Events 22 Interesting Activities 22 Local Products 23 How to Get There 23 PHAYAO 24 City Attractions 25 Out-of-city Attractions 27 Local Products 38 How to Get There 38 PHRAE 40 City Attractions 41 Out-of-city Attractions 42 Special Events 44 Local Products 45 How to Get There 45 NAN 46 City Attractions 47 Out-of-city Attractions 48 Special Event 54 Local Product 55 How to Get There 55 Chiang Rai Chiang Rai Phayao Phrae Nan Republic of the Union of Myanmar Mae Hong Son Chiang Mai Bangkok Lamphun Lampang Mae Hong Son Chiang Mai Lamphun Lampang Doi Pha Tang Chiang Rai Located 785 kilometres north of Bangkok, Chiang Rai is the capital of Thailand’s northern most province. At an average elevation of nearly 600 metres above sea level and covering an area of approximately 11,700 square kilometres, the province borders Myanmar to the north and Lao PDR to the north and northeast. The area is largely mountainous, with peaks rising to 1,500 metres above sea level. Flowing through the hill ranges are several rivers with the most important being the Kok River, near which the city of Chiang Rai is situated. In the far north of the province is the area known as the Golden Triangle, where the Mekong and Ruak Rivers meet to form the Oub Kham Museum borders of Thailand, Myanmar and Lao PDR. Inhabiting the highlands are ethnic hill-tribes centre.
    [Show full text]
  • Melanthiaceae) in Thailand Based on Morphology, with Commentary on Conservation Status
    Phytotaxa 96 (1): 54–62 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.96.1.2 Delimitation in the Veratrum mengtzeanum—V. chiengdaoense complex (Melanthiaceae) in Thailand based on morphology, with commentary on conservation status ANNA TRIAS-BLASI1* & PIYAKASET SUKSATHAN2 1Herbarium, Library, Art and Archives, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK; e-mail: [email protected] 2Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, PO Box 7, Mae Rim, Chiang Mai, 50180, Thailand Abstract The two species of Veratrum in Thailand, V. mengtzeanum and V. chiengdaoense, are supported as conspecific with a detailed morphological study. Two distinct subspecies of V. mengzeanum s.l. are defined based on morphology and distribution, and a new subspecies, Veratrum mengzeanum subsp. phuwae is described. Conservation assessments are provided for both subspecies. Introduction Melanthiaceae comprise five tribes of mainly perennial herbs occurring in the temperate zones (occasionally extending to Arctic zones) of the Northern Hemisphere (APG 2009; Tamura 1998; Zomlefer et al. 2001, 2003). Veratrum (26-50 species) is the largest genus in tribe Melanthieae (Tamura (1998); Chen & Takahashi 2000; Stevens 2001 onwards; Govaerts 2012). The species inhabit a wide range of habitats and vary morphologically mainly in characters of habit, leaves, tepals and perigonal nectaries (Zomlefer et al. 2003). Synapomorphies for Veratrum include
    [Show full text]