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Elesson Markup Language (Elml) Workshop 26.3.08 Michael Ziege eLesson Markup Language (eLML) Workshop 26.3.08 eLML-Workshop 26.3.08, Vormittag Lernziele des Kurses 9:00-9:15 Kursübersicht & Einführung • Handhabung von eLML zur Erstellung und 9:15-10:00 XML Grundlagen Strukturierung von E-Learning Inhalten 10:00-10:30 XML Schema & Arbeitsumgebung • Umsetzung von visuellen, funktionellen und didaktischen Gestaltungsvorgaben 10:30-11:00 Pause • Verständnis für Zusammenspiel der 11:00-11:45 Übungen verschiedenen Komponenten bei der 11:45-12:30 eLML Grundlagen Produktion von E-Learning Inhalten eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 1 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 2 Kursübersicht & Einführung Kursübersicht & Einführung XML-Struktur Teamwork Workflow und Kollaboration in grösseren E-Learning Projekten • Strukturierung von E-Learning Inhalten • Zentralisierung von Inhalt und Assets Autor Eclipse (IDE) Export LMS • Berücksichtigung didaktischer Konzepte oXygen (Editor) IMS CP (OLAT) SCORM CP HTML • Co-Produktionen in Partnerschaften PDF ODF • XML LCMS • Einheitliche Struktur: Wiedererkennbare Bedienung, gute Akzeptanz Projekt-Repository eml.uzh.ch eLML Distribution XML elml.cvs.sourceforge.net. (core) Assets Schematas • Überführung von einer Form in die andere XSL/CSS XSL • Standards eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 3 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 4 Kursübersicht & Einführung eLML XML Grundlagen eLML als regelbasiertes Framework ("Expertensystem"): 9:00-9:15 Kursübersicht & Einführung • gewisse Annahmen über Aufbau einer E-Lektion 9:15-10:00 XML Grundlagen • Gewährleistung der "medienadäquaten" Umsetzung von Lerninhalten 10:00-10:30 XML Schema & Arbeitsumgebung • Konsistentes Erscheinungsbild und didaktische Konzept 10:30-11:00 Pause innerhalb von Partnerprojekten • Open Source Projekt 11:00-11:45 Übungen 11:45-12:30 eLML Grundlagen eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 5 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 6 Michael Ziege und Joël Fisler 1 eLesson Markup Language (eLML) Workshop 26.3.08 Lernziele von «XML Grundlagen» Was ist XML? • Mit den Grundlagen von XML vertraut sein • eXtensible Markup Language (W3C Standard) • Unterschied zwischen ASCII und XML kennen • XML selbst ist keine Markup- bzw. Auszeichnungssprache sondern ein Satz von Regeln zu deren Schaffung! • XML-Syntax Regeln anwenden können • Umfasst diverse Standards und Technologien • Die XML-Bausteine Element und Attribut sowie deren • Beschreibt Inhalt und Struktur von Dokumenten Eigenschaften kennen • Syntax viel strenger als HTML • Das Konzept der Namensräume verstehen • Flexible Ausgabeformate: HTML, PDF, RTF, WAP • Ein einfaches XML Dokument aufbauen können • Reine Text Dateien und deshalb gut „von Hand“ lesbar eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 7 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 8 Technologien rund um XML Beispiel: Adressbuch im ASCII Format 1. XML ist Kernstandard Fall 1: freies Format, nur Kommatrennung Michael, Ziege, JULEG, Winterthurerstr. 157, 8057, Zürich, Fisler, Universität 2. Co-Standards dienen der Zürich, 8057, Zürich Verarbeitung von XML Dokumenten (Bsp. XSLT) Fall 2: freies Format, Kommatrennung mit CR/LF Michael, Ziege, JULEG, Winterthurerstr. 157, 8057, Zürich 3. XML-Applikationen sind Fisler, Universität Zürich, 8057, Zürich auf XML basierende Fall 3: fixes Format mit TAB Anwendungen wie ODF, Michael Ziege JULEG Winterthurerstr. 157 8057 Zürich SVG oder MathML Fisler Universität Zürich 8057 Zürich eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 9 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 10 Probleme beim ASCII-Format Beispiel: Adressbuch in XML (Text) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> • Keine klare Struktur <Person> <Vorname>Joël</Vorname> • Inhalt wird nicht mitbeschrieben <Nachname>Fisler</Nachname> • Optionale Felder schwer handhabbar <Firma>Universität Zürich</Firma> <Institut>Informatikdienste</Institut> • Sehr unflexibel <Strasse>Winterthurerstrasse</Strasse> <Nummer>157</Nummer> • Mangelnde Erweiterbarkeit <PLZ>8057</PLZ> <Ort>Zürich</Ort> </Person> eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 11 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 12 Michael Ziege und Joël Fisler 2 eLesson Markup Language (eLML) Workshop 26.3.08 Was sind die Vorteile von XML? Aufbau eines XML-Dokumentes Inhalt HTML PDF, RTF, LaTeX CP , SCORM • XML Dateien werden von ! Autoren unabhängig vom <?xml version="1.0"?> Layout generiert ODF <Person> " • Autoren sind an definierte <Vorname>Joël</Vorname> # Struktur gebunden XML Prozessierung ... • Via Server (Cocoon) </Person> Darstellung • Via Browser • Via XML Editor (Oxygen) Logik ! XML-Deklaration • Aufbereitung der XML Dateien via XSLT & CSS • Datenbankanb. via XSP " Wurzelement (Root-Element) • Userauthentifizierung • Mehrere Ausgabeformate # XML-Elemente bzw. Daten und -varianten kann ausgelagert werden • Grafiker arbeiten autonom • Komplexität beliebig ! = Prolog des XML-Dokuments (kann weitere Deklara. enthalten) ausbaubar eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 13 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 14 Die XML-Deklaration XML-Syntax: Grundregeln 1 • Weist Dokument als XML-Dokument aus • Ein XML-Dokumente hat genau einen Root-Tag <root_tag> • Eigenschaften <child> 1. version: XML-Versionsnummer 1.0 (oder 1.1) <sub_child>text</sub_child> </child> 2. encoding: Zeichensatz («utf-8» ist default) </root_tag> • Beispiele: • Elemente müssen mit End-Tag geschlossen sein: <?xml version="1.0"?> <mein_element>text</mein_element> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> • Leere Elemente sind auch erlaubt: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <pagebreak /> <?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?> • Leerschläge im Inhalt bleiben erhalten eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 15 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 16 XML-Syntax: Grundregeln 2 XML Bausteine • Elementnamen sind fallsensitiv: Es gibt in XML folgende Bausteine: <KapitelNummer> ! <kapitelnummer> 1. Elemente • Elemente müssen korrekt geschachtelt werden: 2. Attribute <b><i>Text fett und kursiv</b></i> 3. Textdaten (Der eigentliche Inhalt) <b><i>Text fett und kursiv</i></b> 4. Entitäten (Bsp. &quot; &gt;) • Attributwerte müssen in Anführungszeichen stehen: 5. Kommentare (<!-- Mein Kommentar -->) <notiz datum=12/11/99>ein text</notiz> 6. Processing Instructions (<?xml ... ?>) <notiz datum="12/11/99">ein text</notiz> <notiz datum=´12/11/99´>ein text</notiz> • Ein XML Dokument welche alle Syntax-Regeln einhält nennt man «wohlgefohrmt» oder «well-formed» eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 17 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 18 Michael Ziege und Joël Fisler 3 eLesson Markup Language (eLML) Workshop 26.3.08 XML Bausteine: Elemente - Beziehungen zwischen XML Bausteine: Elemente Elementen • XML Elemente weisen unterschiedliche Inhalte sowie Baumstruktur: Beziehungen auf und sind erweiterbar buch • Zu einem Element gehört immer die Gesamtheit des Elements mit Start- und End-Tag sowie natürlich Inhalt. titel prod kapitel kapitel • Mögliche Inhaltstypen für XML-Elemente: 1. simple ausschliesslich Text ('text content') 2. element ein od. mehrere weitere Elemente para para para para 3. mixed Kombination v. Text und Elementen 4. empty Inhalt ist leer eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 19 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 20 XML Bausteine: Elemente - Erweiterbarkeit von XML XML Bausteine: Elemente -Benennung von XML Elementen Elementen XML-Dokument Interpretation durch Programm Ein Elementname muss folgende Bedingungen erfüllen: <notiz> Mitteilung 1. Der Name darf Buchstaben, Zahlen und Sonderzeichen <an>Hans</an> An: Hans <von>Fritz</von> (nicht zu empfehlen) enthalten <text> Von: Fritz Offerte Montag 0800! 2. Der Elementname darf nicht mit einer Zahl, einem </text> Offertbesprechung Montag 0800! </notiz> Sonderzeichen oder dem Begriff «xml» beginnen. <notiz> <an>Hans</an> Funktioniert Programm noch? 3. Ein Elementname darf keine Leerzeichen enthalten <von>Fritz</von> Ja! 4. Weitere Regeln siehe XML Spezifikation bei W3C <prioritaet>1</prioritaet> Das Programm kann die <text> gewünschten Elemente nach wie Offerte Montag 0800! </text> vor finden und extrahieren. </notiz> eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 21 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 22 XML Bausteine: Attribute XML Bausteine: Elemente vs. Attribute Speicherung in Kind-Element Speicherung in Attribut • Ein Attribut liefert Zusatzinformationen zu Element <person> <person geschlecht="m"> <geschlecht>m</geschlecht> • Attribut-Werte müssen immer in Hochkommas sein <vorname>Hans</vorname> <vorname>Hans</vorname> <name>Meier</name> <name>Meier</name> • Platzierung im Start-Tag des Elements wie man es </person> </person> vom HTML kennt: <notiz> <datum> <img src="computer.gif"> <tag>02</tag> <monat>01</monat> <notiz datum="02/01/2001"> • Attribute liefern oft «Meta-Informationen» zum Element: <jahr>2001</jahr> </datum> <multimedia type="gif">bild.gif</multimedia> </notiz> <person> <person id="1"> <id>1</id> <name>Fisler</name> <name>Fisler</name> </person> </person> eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 23 eLML Workshop OLAT Konferenz 2008 26.3.08 / 24 Michael Ziege und Joël Fisler 4 eLesson Markup Language (eLML) Workshop 26.3.08 XML Bausteine: Attribute vermeiden? XML Namensräume: Definition Der Einsatz von Attributen kann zu Problemen führen: Problem: Bei unklarer Bennenung kann es mögliche Konflikte zwischen Element- und Attributnamen geben. Damit Eindeutigkeit gewährleistet 1. Attribute sind nicht erweiterbar ist, wird einem Dokument ein sogenannter Namensraum (auf Englisch «Namespace»), welcher durch eine eindeutige
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