Country: Republic of the Gambia Project Title: Enhancing Resilience of Vulnerable Coastal Areas and Communities to Climate Change ProDoc Appencies Appendix Page Appendix A - Sea and River Defence Risk Management (SRDRM) - A proposed way 2 forward for Gambia. Appendix B – Pilot Intervention Option Assessment, Appraisal and Selection. 7 Appendix C – Relevant National Initiatives. 94 Appendix D – Report on Consultations with local communities. 97 Appendix E – UNDP Gambia SPG Projects . 122 Appendix F – Dimensions of the Proposed National Coastal Zone Monitoring 123 Programme. Appendix G – Component Outcomes, Activities and budget. 127 Appendix H - Risk Analysis. 142 Appendix I – ToR for Sea and River Defence Engineer and Memorandums of 144 Understanding. Appendix J - Terms of Reference for Project Board and Key Capacity Resources. 147 Appendix K – Agreement Letters. 158 Appendix L – Stakeholder Capacity Assessment and HACT capacity. 161 Appendix M - CC-A Tracking Tool (AMAT). 181 Appendix N - Special Clauses. 190 Appendix O – Stakeholder Workshop (Draft Prodoc Validation): 8 December 2012. 194 1 Appendix A - Sea and River Defence Risk Management (SRDRM) - A proposed way forward for Gambia A1 Introduction to the SRDRM Programme The Sea and River Defence Risk Management Programme (SRDRMP) has been discussed with national Gambian stakeholders as is agreed as being the new term that should be used to take forward strategic management of the Gambia coastal zone (see Appendix N). A Policy Document for SRDRM, that is endorsed by GoG is the ultimate aim and this is included within Compoent 1 of the project. This shall outline visions, goals, policies and objectives for management of sea and river defence and asset infrastructure in Gambia. The philosophy of the SRDRMP is to prepare a simple and concise national policy document that sets the scene for the management of infrastructure in Gambia’s coastal environment, including river defences that fall within the defined coastal zone. Figure A1.1 demonstrates the purpose and benefit of GoG to consider jointly river and sea defences within the delivery of this new framework. Figure A1.1 Conceptual Overview of SRDRM 2 A2 Purpose and Need for the Intervention The following text helps to provide the justification text that is presented in Section 2 of the LDCF Prodoc. The pressures of climate change, sea level rise, coastal habitat destruction and socio-economic regeneration of the Gambian coastal zone are very well documented. Climate change is a fact. Its effect on the coast is now becoming clearly evident. Already, Gambia has seen coastal features (including beaches, mangroves, sandbanks etc) beginning to change more dramatically and often in unpredictable ways. Many coastal livelihoods are increasingly threatened by coastal flooding and erosion and the reality of rising sea levels and increased storm frequency will inevitably increase that risk. Of equal concern is the apparent lack of strategic delivery of a sustainable and strategic sea and river defence risk management approach policy to address these concerns. Coastal protection and sea defence structures are currently not planned with regard to their purpose, their outcome and importantly, their long term maintenance costs. Despite the professional efforts of the Ministry of Works (MoW) and the National Environment Agency (NEA) to address the problems being faced, the approach to shore protection (at present) is reactionary and without long term national planning mechanisms in place. Effective planning and implementation will be paramount, if the global objectives of flood risk minimization and the protection of coastal infrastructure, populations and livelihoods are to be realised. Funding for a new Sea and River Defence (SRD) Sector must be allocated with long-term goals in mind. A new approved Policy Framework for a new Gambian SRD sector, which sets out a strategic approach to the operations of the sea defence department of the MoW is now required. An important aspect of this strategic plan (as part of this LDCF project) is the gradual move and adoption of a broad based model for management of the coastal zone. An updated policy framework is recommended to incorporate a Sea and River Defence Risk Management Programme (SRDRMP). The SRDRMP will outline the visions, goals, policies and objectives for management of sea and river defence and asset infrastructure in Gambia. The philosophy of the SRDRMP is to prepare a simple and concise national policy document that sets the scene for the management of infrastructure in Gambias’ coastal environment, including river defences that fall within the defined coastal zone. To the forefront of the risk management plan, will be the promotion of “resilience.” Resilience is presented as a core principle within the SRDRMP for the following reasons: To be resilient is to be able to respond to, recover or quickly repair from damage or hardship. In this regard, the concept of resilience recognises external physical and natural pressures. It is important to recognise that coastal processes are natural and will occur independently of human actions. The concept of resilience establishes a management approach that is directed at how people respond to these coastal processes. The concept of resilience recognises the importance of human behaviour and management. The philosophy behind this approach is that communities need to be responsible for their own actions and how these actions increase/decrease hazard risk. The concept of resilience recognises that hazards cannot be eliminated and as a result, it recommended for adoption in Gambia under the SRDRMP, as it acknowledges that particularly in the Gambian context, there is always hazard risk. Hence, in a number of cases, management approaches will need to be focused on risk minimization and preparedness, rather than avoidance or elimination. The concept also avoids any suggestion of bias towards a particular management approach, such as reliance on physical protection works (seawalls etc). The concept of resilience, in the Gambian context, promotes the retention of natural systems (e.g.: mangroves), recognising the implicit resilience in such systems (e.g. that hazard risk is associated with human activities and 3 property). It is also noted that the concept of ‘resilience’ is increasingly used in reference to the management and planning for both hazards and natural disasters. A Sea and River Defence Investment Management Plan (SRDIMP) for each SRD District Region in Gambia is proposed as an important Key Performance Indicator (KPI) which should be prepared as part of the GoG’s Sea and River Defence Risk Management Programme (SRDRMP). The SRDIMP is seen as one of the primary means of implementing the SRDRM Programme which was hoped to be formally approved by the GoG in 2016, as providing the strategic direction for the management of infrastructure (both public and private) within the coastal area. The success of the SRDRMP will require the development of individual District’s Sea & River Defence Infrastructure Management Plan (SRDIMP’s) within the overall planning framework of the existing or new planning which need to consider sustainable land use, within a formal land-use planning mechanism. This would provide the policy and development standards for implementation of a new development approval process. The SRDRM process needs to ensure the integration of land use planning and other "soft" river and coastal defence systems. This is likely to be a more effective way of promoting "resilience" rather than focusing on continuous construction of sea and river defence structures. The use of land use planning and development standards in the Gambian coastal zone is often considered to be a more sustainable strategy to address the issues of illegal coastal reclamation, wetland destruction and sand mining. The aim of the SRDIMP is to help MoW and NEA to show a transparent process towards setting priority intervention measures that are auditable and based on sound and sustainable engineering best practice. They are also the key communication tool for District communities to convey coastal hazards and from this to improve coastal resilience for local communities by identifying actions and solutions. Not all the proposed solutions presented in the SRDIMP may be actioned immediately, and so it is for this reason that each SRDIMP shall present investment opportunities over a range of time periods (0-3yrs, 3-10 yrs, 10-20 years) which shall be updated on an annual basis (possibly as part of a new NEA Annual “State of the Coast” Reporting approach) using new condition assessment information to review, monitor and evaluate SRDIMP recommendations being presented for long-term improvement in resilience of both infrastructure and communities. Each SRDIMP will: 1. Set priority intervention measures that are auditable and based on sound and sustainable engineering best practice; 2. Improve the community’s awareness of sea and river hazard risks (through improved map production and clear presentation of risks to “non-experts”); 3. Provide advice on techniques to reduce coastal hazard risks in settlements; 4. Provide “self-help” advice to community and infrastructure providers to better adapt, respond and recover from storm events. The development of the SRDRMP and SRDIMP is primarily aimed at ensuring that stakeholders in Gambia are aware of the risk inherently associated with poor planning and development within the coastal zone and that interventions are made at the