Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. d gadP ocnrto ffins ypiie ep(anbsstv . juice L.) sativa (Cannabis hemp lyophilized finnish of concentration Pb and Hg Cd, 1 Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. (aie l,2010; al., et accumulation (Hadi the hormones increase to growth confirmed Luo plant is 2005; which and 1989), al., 2010) al., et al., et (Citterio Ashraf et Yasin endophytes Wu 1999 ; ( adding al., ; 2008 oat by et Freitas, Lee enhanced with and 1996; be studies Hernandez, Rajkumar can in 2012 ; metals documented al., heavy been et ( accumulate barley has to and This ability 1994) The Singh, 2012). and al., (Barrutia He et fertilizers 1994; of Li Singh, kinds and 2010; different using al., by et L.) affected Nwaichi be sativa can 2009; For soil al., the 2016) . in et metals al., heavy et of bio-availability (Tripathi contaminated The metal metals heavy heavy 200,000 2018). Ahmadi, some with al., are and contaminated et there Sweden (Yadav are (Singani and areas Slovakia lands contamination Hungary, France, arable metal Austria, global in heavy example the of of Additionally source one-third 2014). Over a . 2017) (Karadjov, metal be McKernan, contamination heavy to and for of proven tendency McPartland sources highest been hydroponic 2012). biggest 2013 ; specifically the the have and have al., contaminants of manures metal to One et heavy different found of (Bolan carrier 2005). been main al., have fertilizers the et be fertilizers phosphate to (Nieminen considered is are ash ions soil and Phosphate (Asgari 2017) pesticides the fertilizers, al., containing in metals metal et heavy heavy accumulation of Feng using concentration as 2017; al., the such 2008), al., activities et Fulekar, human et and Tchounwou by Jadia soil 2016; the 2013; in al., Tchounwou al., increased et are 2017 ; et (Ismail (Bhattacharya al., processes natural concentrations et than low Kumar Other 2016; at even al., et harmful (Bhattacharya are 2016) Pb metals, 2012). which al., heavy and et 2012), (Bhattacharya essential Cd processes as al., biological Pu, classified for et are Hg, important are and include which crust non-essentials Mo, producing contamination earth’s and of and for Cr the class Co, metabolite of used industry important Mn, ingredients One Fe, primarily the secondary innate include but is products. which are most end speed and which the the metals, accelerating 2020) of heavy contents with al., is contaminant is produced the et inflorescence, to and Kleinhenz regulation researched female clear 2009 ; been lacks al., have the which et in products, (Marks supplemental mostly hemp of biosynthesized part is condensated which resin The metal. heavy end each of and the Introduction dosages Hg of daily Cd, contaminants maximum the recommended the shows to study for contrast This regulation in neglible soil. clear be the a to from lacks Finland metals central NatureDry industry heavy accumulating of the in concentrations far efficient Pb So is Hemp researched. products. and sold used, ( hemp Different Abstract 2020 3, September 1 Saltiola Tommi nvriyo Helsinki of University ygas( ryegrass , anbssativa Cannabis 1 oimmliou L. multiflorum Lolium © . eodr eaoiebsdsplmn rdcsaebigincreasingly being are products supplement based metabolite secondary L.) ypiie FINOLA lyophilized ,cro ( carrot ), odu ugr L. vulgare Hordeum 2 acscrt L. carota Daucus ® epjiegono n-ad oan olin soil moraine fine-sandy on grown juice hemp ,siah( spinach ), (ig n yr 1998). Myhr, and (Singh ) pncaoeae L.) oleracea Spinacia Avena (He Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. eae.Tesi yewsfiesnymriewt rai atrcasbigmdu n H67 Soil 6.7. pH and and kg/ha. males medium 280 with being fertilizer class field, 2019 matter 26-5-5(-2) pollinated NPKS organic open Standard with Belor in moraine adding FINOLA(r) fine-sandy harrowing, cultivar was plowing, included hemp type cultivation soil with The done was females. experiment field The of some are Methods they as because analyses soil. metal better in the to metals for order heavy chosen In was occuring (Pb) commonly flowers. lead most the and the (Hg) from Central NatureDry(c) mercury products. extractable in in (Cd), juice type biomaterials Cadmium accumulation inflorescence soil of hemp Pb moraine ratios of fine-sandy and different production in Hg, the industrial grown Cd, plan clarify juice, of leaf to amount and and inflorescence the Finland hemp defines other As study and FINOLA(r) possible and metals lyophilized contain heavy review to of Hawai preliminary found traces in This been No¨el, had 2001). have an soil 2005; them recently products vulcanic al., more of medical et in And many some (Combemale grown 1988). that Furthermore contamination al., hemp revealing et 2019) . markets of that (Siegel (Duclos, concentrations european discovered ng/g contaminants high 440 in was contain of reasons done it concentration to was for inflorescence 1988 found analysis of significantly have in gram vary which already per products products Hg example contained of For hemp cases of multiple metals. concentration are heavy there contamination - other above 2015), and al., mentioned 2012). et metal (Sastre al., heavy system et The nervous (Luo brain, conditions as teeth well and as skin anemia, 2012) , 2015) (Reactivebone, (Iqbal, mer- ROS al., (H´ediji diseases for produces et cardiovascular syndromes which digestion decline, immunological stress than cognitive mutagenesis, oxidative bioavailable teratogenesis, cause cancers, more metals toxic carcino- species), is toxic into contaminants oxygen and these administration turns toxic accumulated Respiratory pyrolysis constantly be example When can For 2013). cury. they bioavailability al., administration. The as of et concern route metals. (Sullivan heavy health the compounds dangerous on a are depends is nickel metals and user products heavy arsenic metal end of into lead, the mercury, heavy concentrate cadmium, of to root Especially body Cd and the genic. for in shoot risk accumulation of lower metal a ratio Heavy Cai, means the and This is (Shi 2002). excluder consumption. which Whiting, human Cd (TF), and for a factor (Baker be plants translocation to excluder its of considered as be 2009) could cultivars al., hemp concentration hemp metals, et different heavy Shi with of 2009; different accumulation in very to concentrations that are contrast shown metal concentrations heavy In been metal higher has more heavy with It 2011). The 2002). or increases al., al., al., shoots 2002) et et 2015). et to Linger (Shi al., al., (Linger 2002; roots (L¨oser et et metals al., from shoots (Ahmad heavy et metals 2011; Giovanardi accumulate the soil the heavy al., 2005; not into into et of Thomas, does mostly Shi accumulated translocation and fiber 2002; accumulated the Eboh are the al., 2004; are contrast metals et al., prod- Giovanardi Zn In heavy et 2003; edible and 2002). (Arru the al., leaves into Cd of et the concentrate though Citterio Most into 2015 ; 2009), can specifically al., 2019) . al., they after et al., et Ahmad planted as 2014; et was Shi understand al., it (Abdelsalam to et where plant (Ahmad 2015). important 1998, the roots al., is in from et metals Ukraine (Ahmad made potential heavy soil of ucts hyperaccumulator the of Corps from The Bast translocation contamination of remove growingThe . 1989) to Institute the accident in Brooks, than plant density discovered and power higher be nuclear (Baker in Chernobyl to hyperaccumulator tissues began called their hemp genetic into be of future toxins can for other researched it or being metals medium, heavy are accumulates genes plant related When tolerance 2015). metal al., Heavy et (Ahmad . 2015) al., applications et (Ahmad hemp in F T = Cd Cd shoot root < 1, i.e. dacmltsmsl noros hc ssgetdt eaproperty a be to suggested is which roots, into mostly accumulates Cd 3 Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. teedrsl flohlzto sgenpwe iesld r aeilta slf after left is that material dry solids like powder green is lyophilization juice. of the result from end water the the 1 removing Fig. from seen As with vapour Results Hg of (ICP-MS). analysis plasma then coupled Tin(II)-Chloride, inductively with by Hg to ionisation (AAS). compounds and spectroscopy Hg absorption and spectrometry of atomic Cd reduction mass laboratory. Juicers”, analysis, metal with Germany was heavy Hg Slow Hamburg juice made for For the in Angel analyses was Finally GmbH — Laboratory Contaminants -19degC. analyses to WEJ 7500 Helsinki. bags Pb Eurofins in Juicer sealed by with vacuum (“Angel done Oy in 7500 were Lyotech again concentrations at Juicer frozen straight method was Angel juiced NatureDry(c) Juice were juicer with filter. with leaves lyophilized slow strainer bags, and gear fine sealed male vacuum Inflorescenses with twin in seed, n.d.) Sealer). a -19degC mature to gathered Food using freezer randomly 60% Supreme regular freezer were around 7949 in Samples from frozen had Nordica were weeks. (OBH plants and few scissors machine 3.9.2019, in with vacuum approaching hand in was by were harvest field the seed experiment samples from field and the the dead for for already date were date Sowing flowers Harvest Finland. Jyvaskyla, 20.5.2019. in was 25deg43’48.8”E 61deg51’57.1“N in was Location 4 Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ev ea ocnrtoso h ypiie uc srpre yteErfisWJCnaiat GmbH Contaminants WEJ Eurofins the . by 2.) reported (Table solids as laboratory the juice Germany lyophilized is Hamburg the in pulp of and concentrations lyophilization metal after Heavy is powder juice liquid, is Juice juicing materials: after of left Quantities 1: Table .). 1 (Table processes. lyophilization and juicing the of quantities material Produced iue1 ypiie epjuice hemp Lyophilized 1: Figure noecneadla 21.23 leaf and Inflorescence uc odr5.24 powder Juice aeilKg Material uc 10.1 Juice up11.3 Pulp 5 Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. lnsfrPyoeeito n ieeg oreARve.Pyo 8 69–90. 88, Phyton Review. Non-Edible Source-A Multi-Tasking Bioenergy of Utilization 32604/phyton.2019.06831 and 2019. Phytoremediation M., for Nagah, M.M., Plants Eladawy, M., Elshobary, I.M., Abdelsalam, n.d. n.d. products. end the of content metal heavy References the heavy reduce that further (Husain known content to is cannabinoid clarified it specificly — be Meanwhile and finds could 2015) . study This al., flower, metals et 2019). CBD heavy (Ahmad al., al., clean content accumulate et et produces phenolics to (Husain and the study not soil increases one claimed toxic stress Outside is cleans metal such. (“Hemp inflorescence author as n.d.) the inflorescences Leafly”, of not analysing interview but are used. an leaves studies biomass previous in just since of 2019), or unclear amount inflorescences is most inflorescence with the leaves and into the biomass directly cultivation metals the sustainable heavy for in of clarify production translocation metals to The heavy something the of is accumulation of amount metal reduced heavy calculations for in types further protocol soil for the of useful difference The are biomaterials costs. different and of process quantities the were Discovering products 0.209 2020). 29 al., with of et two detection (Wakshlag USA, 2296 of detection in with limit done consumption supplements the veterinary human in based limit hemp the of analyses above recent to limit contrast safety In reach to dosages maximum and 2014) ElSohly, and (Upton samples metals current heavy with of limit Safety 3: Table and (AHP)(Upton powder. were juice Pharmacopoeia of conditions Herbal g since thes 60 American 3) in (Table consume The grown consumption should by samples human one day, for powder proposed one even juice limit, concentrations in hemp safety Pb Pb g and of the 2 Hg 2014), reach ElSohly, - to Cd, 0.1 for order of safe in dose relatively daily be usual to shown the to contrast In Discussion ea Safety Metal d41410 4.1 Cd g2250 2 Hg b660 6 Pb al :C,H n bconcentrations Pb and Hg Cd, 2: Table limit ea Concentration Metal d00 0.01 0.01 Cd g00 0.0 0.01 Hg b010.04 0.1 Pb μ / fC n 0.157 and Cd of g/g μγ/δαψ μ /Lo bad2.104 and Pb of g/mL Max 6 oeo odrprdyg day per powder of dose μγ/γ μ / fP ihteohr ne h ii of limit the under others the with Pb of g/g ± μ / fA n w teswere others two and As of g/g https://doi.org/10. Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ffiin htrmdaino rai otmnnsi ol sn ln–noht atesis cec of 2017. Science M.-H., Wong, partnerships. H., plant–endophyte Li, 352–368. using Y.-W., 583, Li, soils Environment Q.-Y., in Total Cai, contaminants The C.-H., organic Mo, Cultivated of Y.-T., Seed Cheng, phytoremediation H.-M., Efficient and 349–351. Zhao, Leaf 4, J., Yu, Canabis Nutrition N.-X., Feng, in of Content Journal Metal Pakistan consumers Heavy protect Nigeria. of to 2005.349.351 of Analysis regulated Part not 2005. Southern are B.E., in products Thomas, Cannabis cannabis L.O., if Eboh, 2005. crisis health J., a Kanitakis, faces Euronews. M., Europe View. Dupin, 2019. J.L., J., 243–252. Duclos, 166–9. Estival, 256, 152, Soil L., Dermatol and J Denis-Thelis, Plant Br T., L.. arteritis.. sativa tolerance Consort, Cannabis metal P., by Heavy Ni 2003. Combemale, and S., Cr Sgorbati, in P., Cd, Ranalli, changes of N., accumulation accumulation 2005. Prato, P., and G., metal Fumagalli, A., Berta, and Santagostino, S., S., growth Sgorbati, Citterio, 21–9. in induces A., 59, Santagostino, Advances mosseae Chemosphere N., Glomus L.. Massa, in: sativa fungus R., Cannabis Ecosystems, mycorrhizal Aina, P., Rice arbuscular Fumagalli, in The N., Management Prato, Kirkham, S., Risk R., Citterio, Its Naidu, M., and 183–273. Murakami, Contamination pp. S., Ishikawa, Elsevier, Cadmium P.-J., Agronomy. Kim, A., 2013. Kunhikrishnan, 5464373. M.B., T., 2016, Oral Makino, (Cairo) in Scientifica Elements N.S., Trace Bolan, Review.. Essential Extensive of of Aspects An Effect Nutritional Disease: 2016. sites: and M., Health non-metalliferous Hussain, and S.R., poten- Misra, metalliferous P.T., Phytoextraction from Bhattacharya, collected 2009. 259–264. accessions J.M., 74, L. metal Becerril, Chemosphere acetosa understanding C., fertilization. Rumex in Garbisu, two step Garc´ıa-Plazaola, J.I., of further L., tial a Epelde, - O., Grail Barrutia, Holy the of search 1–4. x In 155, Phytologist A 2002. New S.N., hyperaccumulation?. 81–126. elements. 1, Whiting, metallic Biorecovery. hyperaccumulate A.J.M., phytochemistry.. which Baker, and plants ecology higher distribution, Terrestrial their of 1989. review R.R., Destiny Ecotoxicol Brooks, environment: A.J.M., plants.. medicinal Baker, contaminated in in phytoextraction metals 377–390. and Heavy 145, status Saf oxidative 2017. Environ biosynthesis, S., metabolite Nikabadi, secondary M., of sativa Cannabis Ghorbanpour, in 33–38. L.B., localization 140, Copper Asgari, Euphytica 2004. solution. P., copper-rich Perata, a P.M., in Bonatti, grown M., L. Baroncini, 195–201. S., Metals Phy- Rognoni, 44, Heavy Water L., 2015. of Arru, Air, S.A., Characterization Khan, Soil and M.M., - Shah, Identification CLEAN M., sativaL.): Genes. Bilal, (Cannabis M., Responsive Hemp Shahzad, S.A., of Asad, Con- Potential S.T., toremediation Increasing of Malik, Treatments Z., with 56–65. Tehsin, Various 17, R., (Cd) Phytoremediation Ahmad, Under Cadmium of Plant Journal of sativa(L) International Phytoextraction inCannabis Salt. Effective Sodium Proline https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2013.828018 and Free Regulators 2014. Growth and Plant N., Phenolics Fertilizers Total plant Ali, fertilizers, of 56–65. F., of 17, centration treatments Hadi, phytoremediation various of A., under journal plant Ahmad, International (L) sativa salt. concentration Cannabis increasing sodium with in and (Cd) proline regulators cadmium free of growth phytoextraction and Effective phenolics 2015. total N., of Ali, F., Hadi, A., Ahmad, https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-407247-3.00004-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.075 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.09.036 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00449_1. 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-004-4752-0 https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.201500117 https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn. Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ea otmntdsi:fir ult n htrmdainptnil nutilCosadPout 16, Products and Crops Industrial heavy on potential. growing phytoremediation L.) sativa and (Cannabis quality hemp Ama- fibre 33–42. Industrial of uptake soil: 2002. Cd J., contaminated on Kobert, metal H., fertilizers Fischer, of M¨ussig, J., P., Effect hyperaccumulator. Linger, Cd 162–173. 2012. potential 14, cultivated Z.A., phytoremediation easily Li, and of B., growing journal Zou, fast International biomass, B., high stage Guo, a P., seedling hypochondriacus, in Zhuang, ranthus 248–252. regulators Q.L., Arabian growth 40, Fu, and Hakcheochi N.Y., chilling Wanye lead. Li, of Hangut and Effect formolongi. 1999. mercury Lilium L.S., of of Hee, flowering detoxification K.H., on Hayain, mediated K.T., Joung, Plant J., Lee, 2017. S2335–S2342. L.C., 10, Chemistry Flores, of K., Journal Smita, 2020. others, B., J.F., Kumar, components. Coetzee, plant 489–494. E., hemp 36, Lynch, industrial Science J., of Animal Goeser, concentrations Applied J.J., cannabinoid and Griffin, digestibility, S.M., of concentrations, Ensley, Nutrient Academy G., Bulgarian Magnin, thesis). M.D., (PhD Kleinhenz, cannabinoids and safer THC, medicine weight, patients produce bud to raising Sciences. marijuana while medical zinc, water in toxicity drinking remove metal than Journal heavy to Eliminating Management vermicompost & 2014. J., Engineering of Karadjov, Environmental application plant.. The sunflower by species 7. Phytoremediation: lead (EEMJ) tree and 2181–2186. of nickel 45, 2008. copper, tolerance Botany M.H., cadmium, of assessing Fulekar, Journal Pakistan C.D., Phytoremediation: toxicity. Jadia, countries.. Cd) 2013. developing and M.Z., (Pb Asian metal Iqbal, in heavy disease F.A.R.I.H.A., against cardiovascular Khan, for S., factor Ismail, risk 289–94. a 25, Sci - 176–181. Pharm pollution 97, J lycopersicum Lead P.,Pak Botany Solanum Gallusci, of 2012. of M.P., Journal R., content Iqbal, African Brouquisse, mineral South D., on Rolin, exposure production. fruit cadmium A., org/10.1016/j.sajb.2015.01.010 on long-term Moing, Consequences of C., Impact plants: Cabasson, A., 2015. e0221570. Belkadhi, abandoned Cha¨ıbi, W., 14, W., on ONE Djebali, plants PLOS S., L.) H´ediji, H., sativa cannabinoids. Goldman, (Cannabis R., of overexpression Katam, hemp to S., industrial Potlakayala, 1371/journal.pone.0221570 leads of M., soil tolerance Soliman, land Enhanced M., mine Deguchi, 2019. D., S., appli- Bogush, Rudrabhatla, exogenous H., by Weeden, affected R., 13. as cadmium Husain, Agriscientia L.) and annuus regulators. Yield (Helianthus growth I. sunflower plant in of fertilizers: cation Morphogenesis phosphorus 1996. from 251–265. L.F., cadmium with 74, Hernandez, of pollution Relationship uptake soil II. and Crop air, fertilizers: Water, 1994. phosphorus 267–280. content. B.R., from 74, Singh, cadmium pollution Q.B., soil of combinations. He, and uptake in air, and Crop Water, alone cadmium. EDTA 1994. soil and B.R., extractable maize IAA) Singh, of and growth Q.B., (GA3 the He, regulators and growth (Pb) plant lead of of 457–462. role phytoextraction 80, improved the Chemosphere The nella 69–73. L.): canapa 1, 2010. mays M.P., Agroindustria della Fuller, (Zea impiego risultati. A., Possibilit`a primi Bano, di F., contaminati: 2002. Hadi, terreni F., in Zuliani, pesanti G.T., metalli di Mazzocco, fitoestrazione L., Marchiol, R., Giovanardi, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0926-6690(02)00005-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.020 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.08.010 8 https://doi.org/10. https://doi. Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. cono,PB,Ydo,CG,Ptol,AK,Sto,DJ,21.Haymtltxct n h environ- the and toxicity metal Heavy 2012. 133–64. D.J., 101, Suppl Sutton, Exp A.K., Patlolla, ment.. C.G., Journal Yedjou, Smoke. P.B., Cannabis Tchounwou, in Residues Pesticide of 1–6. Determination Geoderma 2013, 2013. Toxicology levels. J.C., pH of Raber, and S., sources Elzinga, Cd N., by Sullivan, affected as barley by uptake Cadmium 185–194. 84, 1998. K., Myhr, International B.R., An Singh, Contamination: 619–623. Sediment of and Speciation 38, Soil on 305–321. BioScience Influence Extraction. 21, Cultivation Sequential Journal Cannabis Selective by and Marijuana. Cadmium Application Manure and in Lead 2012. Mercury P., Ahmadi, A.A.S., 1988. Singani, S.M., in Physiologiae Siegel, toxicity Acta L., cadmium //doi.org/10.2307/1310827 Garnier, enzymes. of antioxidant alleviation B.Z., and acid-mediated Siegel, photosynthesis, Salicylic uptake 2009. cadmium Hemp 969–977. L., to 18 31, Wu, relation Plantarum of Q.Q., in Bioaccumulation Liu, plants and Q.S., Tolerance hemp Cai, Cadmium G.R., 2011. Shi, Q., 163–173. Cai, 168, Biotechnology Y., and Ma, 011-9382-0 Biochemistry M., Applied Cui, Biotechnology C., Accessions. crops. Liu, energy G., potential eight Dis. Shi, in Alzheimer’s accumulation JSM and tolerance 555–561. brain. Cadmium 27, disease 2009. Advances Alzheimer’s Q., Cai, in G., ions Shi, Metal 2015. 1014. 2, N., Dement Hajji, Relat. C.W., Ritchie, M., Sastre, 834–842. 71, Chemosphere growth the metals. on heavy bacteria with growth-promoting contaminated 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.11.038 resistant-plant soil metal in of communis Influence Ricinus of 14–23. 2008. soil 2, H., Freitas, contaminated Research M., petroleum Science Rajkumar, from Applied cadmium of Archives of Phytoextraction subterranean.. 505–506. Vigna 2010. by 52, others, O.M., Angiology Wegwu, O.E., Reports. Nwaichi, 20, Case Research New Forest Revisited—Ten of Arteritis Journal Cannabis Scandinavian https://doi.org/10.1177/000331970105200711 Regarding wood soils. from 2001. forest metals No¨el, B., heavy Finnish and in nutrients studies mineral Field of Release 146–153. fertilizers: 2005. ash pp. M., peat Publishing, Moilanen, and International S., Piirainen, Springer Metals M., Biotechnology. Heavy Nieminen, and Microbes Botany - Cannabis: L. in Sativa Concern in 457–474. Cannabis of biosynthesis Contaminants in: Pesticides, ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol 2017. and K.J., affecting G.D., McKernan, 3715–3726. genes Weiblen, J.M., 60, D.R., candidate McPartland, botany Gang, experimental of J., of He, Identification Journal W., sativa. Soto-Fuentes, Cannabis S.N., 2009. Omburo, R.A., J.P., Wenger, Dixon, L., Tian, 27–45. M.D., 4, Marks, Phytoremediation of Journal 2012. International Y., Liu, 15226510208500071 Sediment L.. C., River sativa Metal-Polluted by Liu, Heavy Cannabis sorghum of F., 1745–53. Conditioning by sweet Long, 93, 2002. St¨ark, G., crop Biotechnol H.-J., M., Fussy, Zeng, Microbiol energy A., Y., Zehnsdorf, Appl L¨oser, of Wan, C., SLS18.. X., metal-uptake Xiao, sp. and C., Bacillus production Rao, endophyte biomass plant-growth-promoting J., Chen, of L., promotion Chen, Endophyte-assisted T., Xu, S., Luo, https://doi.org/10.1080/02827580510008293 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54564-6_22 https://doi.org/10.1080/15320383.2012.664186 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.006 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-009-0312-5 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/378168 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010- https://doi.org/10.1080/ https://doi.org/ https: Posted on Authorea 3 Sep 2020 — CC-BY 4.0 — https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159916070.07390723 — This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. ai srf . ag .. ag . 99 epneo ha Tiiu etvmL)tetdwt cycocel with 265–269. treated L.) 38, aestivum hungarica (Triticum agronomica wheat Acta of prospects. Response conditions. future Mechanistic 1989. stress F., water and 2018. Baig, under application N.A., S.A., Baig, on Khan, M., review Ashraf, S., Yasin a Rezania, N., 274–298. phytoremediation: Singh, 120, of engineering L.M., approach Ecological Reece, holistic A., and Kumar, haz- understanding of N., bio-removal Gupta, the on K.K., review Yadav, 1–8. critical opportunities. A and 174, concerns Materials 2010. eco-environmental Hazardous C., progress, Issues Ruan, of L., Journal soils: Chu, contaminated H., Heavy from metals Shao, and 11, heavy X., ardous (Auckl) Terpene, Zhang, H., Med Cannabinoid, Kang, Vet G., 2020. Wu, Supplements.. C., Hemp Veterinary Hudalla, Commercial R., Over-the-Counter and Prussin, 45–55. 29 analysis, S.J., of identity, Eaton, Analysis of S., Metal standards Cital, spp.; J.J., cannabis Wakshlag, inflorescence: Pharmacopoeia. Herbal Cannabis American 2014. control. quality M., ElSohly, 1386–1389. R., bioenergy 57, Upton, with phytoremediation Reviews of Energy coupling Sustainable the Towards and rser.2015.12.116 2016. Renewable P.C., Abhilash, production. S.A., Edrisi, V., Tripathi, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.09.113 10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.