BNA0875127 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No

Home , Atlas H, Delta 2000

I This report is PRIVILEGED INFORMATIO e N of th U .S . Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha Distric t

FINAL REPORT

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

1 AIR FORCE PLANT NO . S7

SITE OPERATIONS / OWNERSHIP HISTORY I

I Prepared fo r

I U .S . Army Corps of Engineers Omaha Distric t Omaha , Nebraska I

Contract No . DACA45 - 89-D-0512 Delivery Order No . 1 I

I Prepared by

I TechLaw, Inc 14500 Avion Parkway Suite 300 I Chantilly , Virginia 22021-1101 (703) 818-100 0

I October 4, 199 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875127 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666278 FINAL REPORT

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY

SITE OPERATIONS/ OWNERSHIP HISTORY 1 Table o>< content s

1 Section Paae

I . INTRODUCTION ...... 1

A . Project Background ...... 1 3 . Report Organization ...... 3

II . SITE OPERATIONS HISTORY ...... 4

A . Introduction ...... 4 B . Large Engine Testing at SSFL ...... 4 C . Engine Testing and TCE Flushing ...... 7 0 . Rocketdyne Programs ...... 9

1 . Navaho ...... 9 2 . Atlas ...... 11 3 . Jupiter and Thor ...... 14 I 4 . E-1 ...... 16 5 . H-1 ...... 17 6 . F-1 ...... 18 1 7 . RS-27 Delta ...... 1 9 E . TCE and Retention Ponds ...... 20 F . Other TCE and Solvent Releases ...... 25 G . RCRA Impoundments ...... 2 9

1 . Advanced Propulsion Test Facility ...... 2 9 2 . Alfa Bravo Skim Pond ...... 3 0 3 . Storable Propellants Area ...... 31 4 . Delta and Propellant Load Facility ...... 32 5 . Systems Test Laboratory-IV ...... 3 3

H . Other Operations at SSFL ...... 34

1 . Liquid Oxygen Plant ...... 38 2 . Coal Gasification /Liquefaction ...... 3 8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751272 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666279 I FINAL REPORT I SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY SITE OPERATIONS/OWNERSHIP HISTORY

1 Table of Contents i FIGURES and TABLE

Figure 1 : Boundary of SSFL Facility ...... : ...... 4 b Figure 2 : Map of Areas I, II, and III ...... 4c Figure 3 : TCE Use and Storage at SSFL - Table ...... 4d Figure 4 : TCE Use and Storage at SSFL - Map ...... 4e Figure 5 : Typical 1,000,000-pound Thrus t 1 Test Stand Structure ...... 6a Figure 6 : Typical Large Rocket Engine Test Stand ...... 6b Figure 7 : Major Rocket Engine Development an d 1 Production at SSFL ...... 9a Figure 8 : Locations of RCRA Surface Impoundment s in Areas I, II, and III ...... 21a Figure 9 : Ponds and Drainage at SSFL ...... 22a-b Figure 10 : Summary of TCE Use at Other Areas - SSFL . . . . .35a Figure il : Large Engine Tests at SSFL ...... E-la Table 1 : Ownership of SSFL for Areas I, II, and II I I and Lox Plant from 1947 to 1990 ...... 4 a 1 APPENDICE S

Appendix A - List of Documents Referenced I Appendix B - Inte rv iew Summaries Appendix C - Property History Narrative Appendix D - Contacts and Information Sources I Appendix E - Test Firing Records Analysi s Appendix F - USAF and NASA Facilities Contracts " Appendix A" Information Summary

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751273 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666280 PRIVILEGED INFORMATIO .S . An,y Corps of EnS,00o,a• O, i,N U . Diatri,t

FINAL REPORT

BANTA BUSANA FIELD LABORATORY

SITE OPERATIONS HISTORY

I . INTRODUCTION

A . Project Backaround

Former Air Force Plant (APP) No . 56, located in Canoga Park, California, was owned by the Air Force from September 1955 to 1974, at which time, it was sold to Rockwell International Corporation (RIC) . SIC has operated at AFP No . 56 from approximately 1955 to the present, for the production, assembly, and testing of rocket engines . Former APP No . 57, located in Ventura County, California, constitutes a portion of the Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) . SSFL was developed beginning in 1948 to test various developmental rocket engines . The Air Force owned the AFP No . 57 property from December 1958 until 1973, when I the property was transferred to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) . SSFL is being used at the present by RIC to test rocket engines and components for the Department of Defense (DOD) and NASA, and other products (e .g ., plastic 1 explosives) for commercial clients .

The groundwater at AFP No . 56 has been contaminated with various organic solvents as a result of the manufacturing processes, particularly the use of degreasers, and underground tanks and sumps . There is also gasoline contamination of the groundwater underlying AFP No . 56 from two possible off-site sources--a former J .C . Penney, Treasury Division gasoline station, and a Montgomery Ward Auto Service Center . The groundwater at AFP No . 57 and the adjacent areas of SSFL has been contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) as the result of the rocket testing operations .

TechLaw, Inc ., received Delivery Order No . 1, under Contract No . DACA45-89-D-0512 to provide investigative services to the U .S . Army Corps of Engineers, Omaha District ("the Corps"), regarding AFP Nos . 56 and 57 . The purpose of the Scope of Work I for Delivery Order No . 1, was to provide services to the Corps in the development of the nature and extent of responsibility and cost allocation for investigation and cleanup of AFP Has . 56 and 57 . I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751274 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666281 I

1 The Quality Control and Investigation Plan prepared in response to Delivery Order No . 1 proposed the following tasks ; collect and review Federal, state, and local files ; perform a I literature search ; conduct various site investigations ; conduct a PRP search ; undertake cost evaluation of the remedial activities at the facilities ; inte rv iew knowledgeable individuals ; and, develop and implement a database index system for the collected I records .

The site investigations to be conducted under the Scope of I Work included the following : 1) Site Ownershi p 2) Operational History 3) Contract Types/Relationships 4) Aerial Photo Interpretation 5) Technical Data Analysi s 6) Baseline Public Health and Environmental Risk Assessment 7) Identification of Data Gaps 8) Cost Allocation Formul a

The Site Operations/Ownership History Draft Report was submitted to the Corps on April 5, 1990, summarizing the results of the site investigations for 1) Site Ownership History, and 2) Operational History, for SSFL . As directed by the corps, the research for SSFL focused on Areas I, II, and III, and did not include Area IV, because Area IV has been operated by the Department of Energy and has an operating history distinct from the other three areas . Within the three areas of SSFL (Areas I, II, and III ) that are discussed under this report , Area II is I equivalent to former APP No . 57 . The Corps provided comments regarding the April 5 Draft Report to TechLaw and the Final Draft Report was submitted on July 25, 1990, incorporating revisions based on those comments . This report constitutes the Final Report .

The following reports were also submitted separately under this Delivery Order :

1) Canoga Manufacturing Plant - Site Operation and Ownership Histor y

2) Baseline Risk Assessment Report for SSFL

3) Baseline Risk Assessment Report for the Canoga Manufacturing Plan t

4) Cost Allocation and Cost Evaluation Report for SSFL and the Canoga I Manufacturing Plan t

I 2

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875127 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666282 3. Report Organization I The remainder of this Final Report is arranged as follows : The Final Report summarizes the results of the site history and operations research conducted to date for SSFL . The site history has been developed through review and analysis of the documents obtained and the interviews conducted . 1 Appendix A contains a list of documents that are cited as reference documents in this Final Report . Documents obtained by TechLaw have been sequentially labelled with'an alphabetical prefix and a document reference number in the upper right-hand 1 corner of each page . The alphabetical prefix indicates the agency or organization from which the document was obtained ; the number is used to identify the particular page of the document . Throughout this report, these reference numbers follow a 1 statement or group of statements, designating the supporting document(s) from which the information was extracted .

The main source agencies and organizations for the documents referenced in this report and their corresponding prefixes are as follows :

ACE - Army Corps of Engineers DHS - State of California, Department of Health Services RCK - Rocketdyne Division, Rockwell Internationa l WQC - Regional Water Quality Control Boar d

The reference documents that have been collected and used to prepare this report have been submitted to the Corps with the document inventory database .

Appendix B contains summaries of the interviews conducted with knowledgeable individuals . Interview information referred to throughout this report is referenced by the use of th e interviewee' s name in parentheses following a statement or a group of statements .

Appendix C contains a property history narrative for the SSFL facility property comprising Areas I , II, and III .

Appendix D contains a list of the agencies and organizations that were contacted in order to obtain relevant records and information .

Appendix E contains an analysis of the available test firing records .

Appendix F contains a summary of the "Appendix A" information submitted under the Air Force and NASA facilities contracts for operations at SSFL .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875127 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666283 II . SITE OPERATIONS HISTORY

A . Introduction

At the end of World War II, North American Aviation, Inc . (NAA), the predecessor of Rockwell International Corporation 1 (RIC), undertook the research and development of guided missiles for the United States . The company formed a group named the Technical Research Laboratory, which would eventually grow into 1 the Rocketdyne Division of RIC ( RCK 32509) . This research group initially studied captured German rockets . In April 1946, NAA received a letter contract from the Air Force to develop the Mx-770 Navaho missile . As work under the contract progressed , NAA began looking for a site at which to conduct rocket engine tests . In March 1947, NAA decided on a 1 parcel of land which today comprises Area I of Rocketdyne's Santa Susana Field Laboratory (ibid . ; RCK 30740) . NAA initially leased and then purchased this property . As Rocketdyne's activities increased, additional lands were acquired by NAA and/or the Air Force for the expansion of SSFL, and Areas II, III, and IV were added . SSFL covers approximately 1,600 acres in the Simi Hills of Ventura County, California, immediately west of Los Angeles (see Figures 1 and 2) . For a complete description of the acquisition and ownership of the Areas I, II, and III properties, please refer to the Title Search Section of this Final Report, contained in Appendix C, infra . For an overview of property I ownership during the years that RIC operated SSFL, please see Table 1 . 1 B . Large Engine Testing at SSFL 1 An overview of the layout of SSFL and of the physical configuration of the laboratories and test areas will facilitate an understanding of the manner in which rocket engine testing I resulted in discharges of contaminants to the groundwater there . Areas I and II of SSFL contained six large engine test areas , as follows, and the dates refer to the approximate time 1 periods of TCE use or storage (see Figures 3 and 4) : 1 Test Area Area of SSFL Period of TCE use Canyon Area I Early 1950's to 196 2 Bowl Area I 1948 to 196 3 I Coca Area II Early 1950's to 196 2 Delta Area II Early 1950's to 197 0 Bravo Area II Early 1950's to 197 6 1 Alfa Area I I Early 1950's to presen t

(RCK 25268 )

1 4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875127 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666284 TABLE 1

1 OWNERSHIP OF SSFL FOR AREAS I, II, AND II I

1 AND LOX PLANT r FROM 1947 TO 199 0

II Area I LOX Plants Area II Area II I I 1947-19542 Dundas3 Inactive Inactive Inactive 1954-1958 RIC RIC RIC RI C

1959-1973 RIC USAF USAF RI C 1 1973-1990 RIC NASA NASA RI C 1 1 The Liquid Oxygen ( LOX) facility was located in the northwest co rner of Area I, in land formerly owned by Henry W . and Beulah Silvernale and William and Elizabeth Hall . The LOX facility operated from 1955 through 1971 .

2 During these years , engines and components were tested at SSFL in the Bowl area and at Components Test Laboratory I . Test firings of Navaho engines during 1953 may have involved the use of kerosene and, therefore, TCE .

3 Ida Dundas did not own all of the property that eventually became Area I at SSFL . The western 2,000 feet were originally owned by Henry W . and Beulah Silvernale and William and Elizabeth Hall . However, the areas where testing was occurring during these years were part of the Dundas property . In addition, before 1954, RIC leased property only from Dundas . Therefore , the Silvernales and Halls are not listed as owners of Area I from 1947 to 1954 . 1 1

1 4a

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751278 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666285 mm r w r r w w r r w rrr r w i w r r

a 17 SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY

LEGEND BUILDINGS 100.zoc_~c0 ~~ SERIES' STRUCTURES 700 a doo SERIES' WATER TANKSIooo SERIES' AREAS ens SERIES ,

p ACTIS SELLS OR RATER TA,

B ;SACTIRE WELLS STS SnF ' K DSK 1439 6

FIGURE 2

LEGEN D

Map of Areas I, II, and III - SSF L

TechLaw, Inc. SOURCE: RCK 3074 0

4c I I 1 I SLSl Y OF TCE - USE OR STORAGE AREAS FACILITY i 1 CANYON TEST AREA-3 TEST STAGS EAf .Y 1950 ' S - 1962 2 BOfL TEST AREA-4 TEST. STAIOS 1948 - 156 3 3 COCA TEST AREA-3 TEST STAIGS EARLY 1950 ' S - 1962 4 : DELTA TEST AREA-3 TEST STANDS EARLY 1950'S - 1970 5. Sit-IY TEST AREA-2 TEST STAGS EARLY. 1950'S - 1976 . . AO .SYSTEMS TEST LABORATORY 1 -6 8RAYO'TEST AREA-3 TEST STAGS EARLY 1950'S - 1976 7 - ALFA TEST AREA-3 TEST STANDS EARLY 1950 ' 5 - RESENT B' I(YOR(LEN LAB E' Y 1960'5 - 1976 I 9' ' ENGINEERING O(ENISTRY LAB EARLY 1960 ' S - 1976 10 CRFONENT TEST LABORATORY-II EARLY 1950'S - 1965 (CTL-II ) 1 11 CCNPO(eQT TEST LABORATORY-Y EARLY 1950' S - 1965 (CTL-Y ) 12 BURP IT 1958 - 1962 13 CO4PoNENT TEST LABORATORY-III EARLY 1950'S - 1963 1 (CTL-III) 14 CCNPONENT TEST LABORATORY-I EARLY 1950 ' S - LATE 1960' S (CTL-I ) 1 15 LASER ENGINEERING TEST FACAITY EARLY 1950 ' S - 1964 16 ADVANCED RORiLSION TEST FACILITY EARLY 1950 ' S - 1976 1 17 OPERATIONS AREA EARLY 1950'S - 1976 18 NAPPY VALLEY EAf6.Y 1950 ' 5 - 1976 19 EOUIP7pfr LABORATORY EARLY 1950'S - 1976 1 20 UNDER(i(aIND STORAGE TANS EARLY 1950 ' S - 197 6 21 CONCRETE FLUSHING AREA EARLY 1950'S - 1976

IA Nu,ber refers to site location an Figure 4 .

FIGURE 3

LEGEN O

ICE Use and Storage at SSFL - Thle

(See FIGURE 4 )

TechLaw, Inc 5(7lJNCE ACE 06672 1. 4d

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751281 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666288 + 5-s 10 `1 I w5-a A ws-w 6o-2g\--p \ - -~

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ALFA o4-SI .I~w ,H ~SqB -.-azs-•- 43 Hur-zI _ . OHAR-20 1 9

.6 / - _ ;0 RS-II SII OES-3F- . SH .I 9 ♦ 6o-2 w5d SH < -SH-9 BRAVOgw

.15 R 5 .` ,O I- tO S .~ 8 ES 231`.'E5-2 ES-29 ES-2 8 RS- I]O - -IT ARE A RES-96 ES-25 59~ E5-I E5 2 RS-1?2 4R-. ES-IS AERS-26 _ _ HGRS] A g* ` R$'I ES-I]~ 1 H'LR 'STL- rl TARGET ARE G ES -32 55-0

STL IV ] IF CTL III DELTA-P,n 2 COCA Q'I 11 GRS 6 AREA •II TL-~Rs AREA I SRS-U -- AREA III 59A -

fi• ES-I SHALLOW ZONE EXTRACTION -ELL

CHATSWORTH FORMAT ION WEL L

O RS-I SHALLOW ZONE WELL

+w5-I ABANDONED I (EL L FIGURE 4

eRO-I CHATSWORTH FORMATION EXTRACTION WEL L LEGEND

AREA WHERE TRICRLOROETHYLENE ITCE) TCE use and Storage at SSFL - Map OR STORED NUMBER 0 WAS EITHER USED (See Figure 3 ) REFERS TO mE SC-RIPTION IN TABLE I .

TARGET AREA ; TechLaw, inc. SOURCE ACE 0675 7 4 e I

I A typical large engine test firing area consisted of one control room, three test stands, and the necessary . supporting 1 . equipment and utilities , such as propellant tanks, - instrumentation units, and calibration equipment .(RCK :06798) . The basic design of a test stand would be a vertical`-typed I capable of testing engines delivering up to 1,000,000 : pounds of thrust (ibid .) . The test stand would consist of a-.concrete foundation and flame pit, a flame deflector, a steel base st ru cture , a steel superstructure , a tank and cage assembly, and I work platforms Serv ice piping for each test stand was divided into four basic categories : fuel serv icing, oxidizer servicing, gaseous nitrogen supply and distribution ; and water I for fire extinguishing and flame coolant Nitrogen gas was used to pressurize fuel and liquid oxygen tanks and to blow moisture from components .

I In a funding request submitted by NAA to the Air .Force, referred to as an "Appendix All and dated August 1, 1954, a vertical test stand was more fully described as follows : I The stand is a steel structure solidly united with the foundation rock of the site . The steel structure will I support all necessary piping, vessels, platforms, and a flame deflector . The test stand will be designed to accommodate the various test tankage . The foundation design is dependent upon the proposed site, which in I this case is a slope of sandstone . The proposed foundation design utilizes the slope and the strength of the rock in meeting the anchorage and support I requirements , accomplishing this with a minimum of rock excavation . The proposed steel structure is designed to meet the present basic test requirements, as outlined previously, and yet is adaptable to future I requirements . The flame deflector will be fabricated from 3/4" steel plates and tubes . Excessive steel temperatures will be avoided in the flame deflector by I providing an insulating blanket of vapor and steam between the exhaust gases and the steel deflector . This insulating blanket will be obtained by injecting I water into the deflector through holes drilled in the deflector wall . The water will be brought to the holes through manifolds welded to the deflector . Manual control valves on each 4 " water line leading to the I manifolds will be used as a means of regulating the deflector wall temperatures . A 12" water main for the flame deflector will be controlled by a remote control I valve . The flame deflector will be supported by the test stand and the entire unit will be designed to I withstand horizontal and vertical loads . "

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751283 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666290 I (RCK 06694 - 06695 ) . Figures 5 and 6 show two views of a typical vertical test stand . [ Note : Many details of the history of I operations at SSFL are contained in these " Appendix All documents . A discussion of these documents is contained in Appendix F of this Final Report . ]

I As the test stands were originally designed, water from the flame deflector would fall into a concrete spillway beneath the test stand and would flow down the spillway, through a ditch, and I into an unlined retention pond ( Hiroyasu ; Hood ) . Other liquids from the test stand, such as fuel oil and TCE, would also drain down the spillways and into the ponds ( Hiroyasu ) . These ponds were natural depressions that were later excavated and dammed to I increase their capacity (Hood) . Their primary function was to reclaim the contaminated water for repeated use as a coolant in the flame deflectors (ibid .) . oils which collected on the I surface of the ponds were also burned or skimmed off (DHS 01299 - 01303) . Revision pages to an "Appendix All dated April 1, 1955, describe a contaminated water control system for Area IT, more thoroughly explaining the system of spillways and ponds as I follows :

"The system will consist of spillways, collection I basins, earth dams , skimmers to remove the oil formed on the surface of the collection basins , Filtration systems (One for Alfa and Bravo , and one for Coca), I pumps , pipe, valves, storage tanks, and a pipe culvert to carry natural drainage water undisturbed through the collection basins . Tentatively, until engineering is accomplished, the system will operate as follows : the I contaminated effluent discharged from the test stand collant ( sic] systems will be collected in basins formed by earth dams , the oil contaminate will then be I skimmed from the surface of the effluent in the collection basin and the fluid under this oil will be siphoned from the collection basins into a filtering system to remove the solids , from there the partially I treated effluent will be pumped to a storage tank and reused . " I (RCK 06840 ) . The revision pages did not include site plans indicating where these particular collection basins, storage tanks, etc ., would be located .

I A 1953 aerial photograph indicates that development had occurred only in Area I . The Bowl Area had been developed as had the Service Area in Area I (PWA 00002) . Construction had not yet I been started in the Canyon Area, CTL III, and CTL V . There also was no development initiated in Areas II and III (PWA 00002) . I By 1954, additional development had occurred in Area I . A 1954 aerial photograph indicates that the Canyon Area had been cleared and development of that test area had begun (WDG 00001) . No other development had occurred in Areas I, IT, and III . I

I 6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751284 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666291 I

I I I I I I I I I I I EB(LIL-SILYAIIUH slot CL VAT IC)# TYPICAL I .O(X) .0(X) L . TWROST TCST STAW0 STQUCTUQ E EXHIBIT YI I

FIGURE 5

L EGENO

Typical 1, 000,000 -pound thrust Test Stand Structur e

TethLaw, Inc SOU CE RCK 06829 6a

CDNFID ENTIAL LEVEL I- UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875128 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666292 I I I I I I

I I I I

I I

I FIGURE 6 LEGEND

I Typical Large Rocket Engine Test Stand I

TedhLaw, Inc ISOUACE ROt 06885 I 6b

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751286 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666293 I

I According to the documents reviewed, SSFL was developed primarily during the 1950's and early 1960's . A review of the Appendix A documents, submitted to fund projects under the USAF I facility contract, indicates that many of the requests to fund the initial development of the test stand areas at SSFL are dated from 1953 to 1957 . A June 1, 1953, Appendix A indicated that I eight additional test stands to be located in Area II were required for fiscal year 1955 (RCK 06787) . An Appendix A dated October 1, 1954, indicated that two test stands were to be located in the Coco [sic] and Delta areas , respectively (RCK I 06807-06829) . According to a June 15, 1956, Appendix A, from 1956 to 1959, it was expected that the Alfa „Bravo, Coca, and Delta test areas would be used for tests under various rocket I engine programs (RCK 06976) . Comparing a 1959 aerial photograph to the 1954 aerial photograph, it can be seen that by 1959, development at SSFL was substantially complete . Between 1954 and 1959, the Alfa, Bravo, Coca, and Delta test areas were built, as I well as CTL III and CTL V . The liquid oxygen plant is in place by 1959, and storage tanks for test stand coolant water have been installed (WDG 00001, PWA 00001) . The 1959 aerial photograph I indicates that the development of Areas I, II, and III is substantially the same as that shown in 1967 and 1989 aerial photographs (PWA 00001, GEO 00001, ICK 00001) . I C . Engine Testing and TCE Flushin g

I Regardless of which particular engine was being tested, a test firing at SSFL followed one basic pattern . The engine was mounted on the test stand , fuel and oxidizer ( liquid oxygen, or I LOX) were pumped separately to the engine ' s ignition system, where they were blended, this blend was ignited , and the engine burned , shooting flames down into the flame deflector ( Hood) . The flame would exit the engine through a cone - shaped structure I called a thrust chamber ( McGrath ) . According to "The First 25 Years, " in 1951 , Rocketdyne had developed the tube - wall thrust chamber . As described in the history , this chamber "was I fabricated not of two sheets to form a double wall , but of tubes bent to the configuration of the chamber and brazed together to form the chamber wall . Coolant fuel was forced down through every other tube , up through the alternate tubes to the injector, I and through its orifices to the combustion chamber where it met the oxidizer and was burned " (RCK 32511) .

I Liquid-fueled rocket engines burn a variety of fuels, including ethyl alcohol , kerosene ( also known as RP-1), liquid hydrogen, hydrazine, or inhibited red fuming nitric acid (IRFNA) I (McGrath ) . The type of fuel used is important , because kerosene- burning engines were the only ones that required TCE flushing (ibid . ; Will ; Hiroyasu ; Monaghan ) . Kerosene would leave hydrocarbon deposits in the thrust chamber tubes and in the LOX I dome , the chamber from which LOX entered the ignitor immediately prior to blending and ignition . If LOX were to come into contact with these deposits , it would become combustible , and the I

I 7

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875128 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666294 I possibility then existed that the ignition flame would burn out of control , spread to the areas contaminated with hydrocarbon I deposits , and perhaps cause an explosion . The purpose of TCE flushing was to remove the hydrocarbon deposits , thereby eliminating the risk of explosions on the test stand (Will ; Hiroyasu ; Monaghan ) . Rocketdyne experimented with TCE flushing until a successful method was arrived at (Yohe ; Zeller) . Eventually, a level of cleanliness for engine parts called the "LOX clean standard " was developed ( ACE 05367 - 05368) . I Reportedly, the exact procedures for TCE flushing were written in procedure manuals, but copies of these manuals are no longer contained in RIC' s files . Information on TCE-flushing procedures I was obtained through the recollection of persons interviewed . Immediately before a kerosene-burning engine was tested, TCE flushing was performed on the thrust chamber , or chambers in the I case of a cluster engine, and the LOX dome (Hiroyasu) . Flushing procedures were different for each component . The LOX dome would have TCE run through it for a specified period of time . Mr . Kiyoshi "Mike" Hiroyasu, a Rocketdyne test engineer since 1957, I could not recall the exact amount of time called for . When flushing had occurred for the required number of minutes, the LOX done would be dried out with gaseous nitrogen . Thrust chamber I tubes , on the other hand , would be filled to the point of overflowing with TCE, and the solvent would be allowed to remain there for a prescribed length of time . Again, Mr . Hiroyasu could not recall how such time was required . After the waiting period I had passed , the tubes would be drained and dried out with gaseous nitrogen (ibid .) . The solvents discharged from the LOX dome and thrust chambers would drain through the flame deflector and down I the concrete spillway into the retention pond (ibid . ; Hood) . Later , a system was devised to recover the TCE used during the flushing procedures and store it in tanks for recycling or sale I (see infra ) . As noted above , there are no written procedure manuals available concerning the TCE flushing procedures . Interview I testimony is the primary source of information , and there is som e apparent confusion among the inte rv iewees on this procedure . Gerry McGrath recalled that fuel pipes on the afterburner section I of the rocket were filled with TCE to pressurize the tubing before the introduction of LOX (McGrath) ; however, it should be noted that Mr . McGrath never worked on a large engine test stand and none of the other interviewees recalled this procedure . Mike I Hiroyasu , an engine test stand engineer for many years , stated that he doubted that TCE was ever used for this particular purpose . His best recollection was that water or fuel was used I to pressurize the lines . Mr . Hiroyasu also recalled that 10 gallons of TCE were used during engine flushing (Hiroyasu) . The most likely conclusion, based on the majority of interview testimony, is that TCE was only used immediately before a test firing, to remove hydrocarbon deposits from an engine , and that I 40-50 gallons total per test were used (Monaghan, Zeller) . I 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875128 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666295 I D . Rocketdvne Programs I From 1949 to the present, Rocketdyne has tested many rocket engines under a variety of programs for both DOD and NASA . Figure 7 is a timetable, showing when different engines were tested at SSFL . [Note : Appendix E of this Final Report contains I a discussion of information available pertaining to the number of engine tests conducted at SSFL .] For the purposes of this Final Report, the important engines to focus on are the kerosene- I burning ones , and they are as follows :

n ine Agency Date s I Navaho USAF 1949-5 7 Atlas USAF/NASA 1954- presen t I Jupiter Army/NASA 1954-6 0 Thor USAF/NASA 1954-7 1 E-1 NASA? 1957-5 9 I H-1 NASA 1958-7 5 F-1 NASA 1959-7 1 RS-27 Delta NASA 1972- 79, 1980-presen t I (RCK 04628 ; McGrath )

1 . Navaho

[Note : The Navaho was referred to by two alphanumeric designations : MX770 and WS104A ( RCK 06962 ; RCK 32509) . The I Navaho Program developed the following engines :

NAA 120-65 (XLR43-NA-3) : a 120,000- pound-thrust rocket I engine developed as a step toward development of a 240,000-pound - thrust rocket power plant and using a single turbopump to deliver liquid oxygen and alcohol or JP fuels to the thrust chamber (JP is a kerosene- I like fuel) ;

NAA 240-65 (XLR-71-NA-1) : two NAA 120- 65 engines I mounted in parallel ; and NAA 405-75 (XLR-71-NA-3) : three NAA120- 65 engines connected in parallel and mounted in the form of a I triangl e 1 ( RCK 05240 ; RCK 06787) . According to "The First 25 Years, " a history of Rocketdyne published by RIC, NAA received a letter contract in I April 1946, to develop the MX -770 Navaho ground-to-ground missile for the Air Force . Beginning in the fall of 1946, Navaho began to appear on drafting boards, and by March 1948, the design of I the MX-770 Navaho was nearly firm (RCK 32509 - 32510) .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875128 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666296 .000 LLL ROCKET TEST 1962 (~+150 50 -)065 015 .j000 9 Al" 10a5 ~V~~

N.v.ho • gr./ 1651 - 105 0 Re4sLOna-

AUas Jupiter 1954 - 1006 . .. . Thor Liq. Aircraft Rork e

A .ro Rook .ta (AR) 1955 - 106 1

11-1 Saturn 1B 050 - 975 7 - 1 E-I Pre F-l . 195 05 _ . . F-1 Saturn V 1959 197 1

J-2 Saturn V

SE 1-9 Series 1069 - 1970 Apollo Re-entry 1002 - 1900 Lan . . 1004 - (972 Lun.. Ascent/ Desc .nl

Aero.pike

RS-14 Minuteman 1971 - SSME 1972 - 1979 1900 - RS-27 B.H . 1974 JOH 5 Torpedo / P...ar Jet ...... _ - ...... _ ...... 1972 - 1989 . .... ARMY Wan ...... 1971 - . . . 1 . . AF W.- MY- Peacekeeper 1040

D/5d9 L Illo m 007611 - 1/20/00 - :1

FIGURE 7 LEGEND

Major Rocket Engine Development and Production at SSF L

TechLaw, Inc. SOURCE : RCK 04628 I

Appendix A NAA D . I .P 54-129-1 , " Rocket Engine I Acceptance Test Facility , Facilities Analysis Based Upon Additional Program Requirements ," dated August 1, 1954, provide d a brief historical summary of NAA's rocket engine testing activities ( RCK 06783 - 06806 ) . The Appendix stated that I construction of one more test stand for the Navaho Program was required in fiscal year 1955 ( RCK 06787 ) . The site proposed for this additional test stand was a 100-acre tract in Area II at I SSFL , located approximately one-half mile west of the existing test facilities (RCK 06802) . As of August 1, 1954, testing of the NAA 120 - 65 had been underway for over 1 .year and was expected to continue throughout the development of the other two Navaho I engines . Testing of the NAA240 - 65 had been underway " for several months," and testing of the NAA 405-75 was scheduled to begin in the latter part of 1956 (RCK 06797) . I It should be noted that the Navaho Program began testing alcohol-fueled engines and changed over to ones that burned kerosene during the development of the NAA 405 - 75 (The I Rocket, p . 101) . John Condiff, a retired Rocketdyne test engineer , also stated that the Navaho 3-engine cluster, also referred to as G-38, was kerosene - fueled ( Condiff) . I Appendix A D .I .P . 54-133, "Rocket Engine Test Facility, N .A .A . Facilities Contract Request No . 4," dated October 1, 1954, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26904 . With I reference to NAA Facilities Analysis D .I .P 54-129-1 and "Appendix A" dated August 1, 1954, this Appendix proposed , along with other improvements, the construction of two test stands at SSFL . The I stands were to be used in research and development and reliability testing of the NAA 240-65 and 405-100 Navaho rocket engines . The test stands were to be located , respectively, in I the "Coco" [sic] and Delta areas (RCK 06807 - 06829) . Appendix A FA 56-53, "WS-104A, Industrial Facilities, Fiscal Year 1957," dated June 15, 1956, was submitted under I Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 and consisted of Volumes I (RCK 07077 - 07189) and II (RCK 06968 - 06998) . According to correspondence referring to the Appendix , the facilities I described therein were intended to support the Navaho, or WS- 104A, Program (RCK 06962) . According to Volume II of the Appendix , efforts under the WS-104A Program were to be "directed toward improving the design and development of the XSM64A Booster I Rocket Propulsion System ," including the "fabrication of experimental components and systems and performance of their respective tests " ( RCK 06970 ) . The Appendix noted the need in I the Alfa area for increased storage capability of LOX and gaseous nitrogen in order "to meet the consumption rate of the program test schedules for the G-38 engines" (ibid .) . LOX and nitrogen I were also being used for "increased testing of three chamber SM- 64A Booster engines" (ibid .) . volume II contained a helpful tim e

I 10

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666298 I

I chart showing the engine program or programs being tested at each test stand at SSFL for the time period from April 1956 through March 1959 . The following test stands were to be used for Navaho 1 SM64 :

Test Stand Time Fram e I Bowl /VTS-2 4/56 through 2/5 8 Alfa-l 9/57 through 3/5 9 I Alfa-2 4/56 through 3/5 9 Coca-3 10/56 through 3/59 I (RCK 06976) .

On July 11, 1957, the Air Force announced that the Navaho program was being discontinued . According to "The First I 25 Years," work on the project stopped immediately (RCK 32519) . I 2 . Atlas [Note : The Atlas Program was referred to by tw o alphanumeric designations : MX-1593 and WS-107A (RCK 06797 ; RCK I 08375) . The Atlas Program developed the following engines : NAA 120-270 (XLR-79-NA-f) : an engine utilizing all the major components of the Navaho 120-65 but in a I different configuration and, like the 120-65, not intended as an end product ;

I NAA 135-175 : an intermediate propulsion test vehicle, consisting of the NAA 120-270 engine with a thrust chamber different in size from the one finally to be used ;

NAA 270-120 : two engines coupled with a common gas generator, using many of the same components as the NAA 120-270 but, again, with a smaller thrust chamber ; and

NAA 660-270 : the end product of the project, a power plant consisting of a jettisonable booster, made of two NAA 270-120 engines , and a sustainer , the NAA 120-270 engine . The booster engines provided the power necessary to lift the rocket from the launch pad . Once the rocket was aloft, they were jettisoned, and the sustainer would se rve as the propulsion system for the remainder of the flight . Each booster and sustainer had its own thrust chamber .

(RCK 06797 ; The Rocket, pp . 107-112, 232) .

1 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751292 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666299 I

1 Early in 1954, the Air Force awarded NAA a letter contract for a research and development program intended to 1 culminate in the Atlas propulsion system . According to "The First 25 Years ," the first Atlas booster engine firing was conducted at Santa Susana in mid - 1955 ( RCK 32513) .

Appendix A NAA D .I . P . 54-129 , "Rocket Engine Test Facility," dated August 1, 1954, proposed the acquisition and improvement of land, the construction of buildings, and the acquisition of equipment for the large rocket engine test facilities located in Area II of SSFL (Alfa, Bravo, Coca, and Delta) (RCK 06687 - 06782) . The Appendix indicated that these new test facilities were being built in support of the MX-1593 Missile Program (RCK 06689) . The Appendix also indicated that each new test stand, while similar in structure and capabilities to all others, was to be suitable for test firings of particular rocket engines . The Alfa Firing Unit was to be used to test 135- 175 propulsion systems (RCK 06767) . Two test stands at the Bravo Firing Unit were to be used, respectively, for thrust chamber I firings of a 120,000-pound engine (RCK 06768), and of the 120-270 engine (RCK 06769) . The "Coco" [sic] Firing Unit consisted of two new test stands which were to be suitable, respectively, for 270-120 and 660-270 propulsion system firings ( ibid . ; RCK 06771) . i The Delta Firing Unit consisted of two new test stands which were intended for 660-270 propulsion system firings (RCK 06772) . I Appendix A NAA D . I .P 54-129-1 , " Rocket Engine Acceptance Test Facility, Facilities Analysis Based Upon Additional Program Requirements ," dated August 1, 1954, was described above in the discussion of the Navaho (RCK 06783 - I 06806 ) . The Appendix also stated that const ru ction of seven more test stands for the Atlas Program was required in fiscal year 1955 ( RCK 06787 ) . The site proposed for these additional test I stands was a 100 - acre tract in Area II at SSFL , located approximately one-half mile west of the existing test facilities (RCK 06802 ) . Testing of the NAA 120-270 and the NAA 270-120 was scheduled to begin in the spring of 1955 and to continue throughout the project . Delivery of the first six NAA 135-175 engines was firmly scheduled for early 1956 at the latest . The NAA 660-270 engine was to begin testing in late 1955 with delivery of the first one in early 1957 (RCK 06797) .

Appendix A FA 56-53, "WS-104A, Industrial Facilities, Fiscal Year 1957 ," dated June 15, 1956, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33( 600)26940 and consisted of Volumes I (RCK 07077 - 07189) and II (RCK 06968 - 06998 ) . Volume II contained a helpful time chart showing the engine program or programs being tested at each test stand at SSFL for the time period from April 1956 through March 1959 . The following test stands were to be used for Atlas engines : I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666300 I

Test stand Engine Time frame

Bowl/VTS-1 sustainer 4/56 through 3/5 9 Bowl/ VTS-2 booster 4/58 through 3/5 9 Bowl/VTS-3 booster 4/56 through 12/5 8 Alfa-1 booster 4/56 through 11/5 6 Alfa-l sustainer 11/56 through 6/5 7 Alfa- 3 sustainer 4/56 through 7/5 6 Alfa-3 cluster 9/56 through 3/5 9 Bravo -2 booster 4/56.'-through 3/5 9 Coca-1 cluster 7/56 through 3/5 9 Coca-2 cluster 10/56 through 3/5 9 Delta-2A sustainer 1/57 through 3/5 9 Delta- 2B sustainer 3/57 through 3/5 9 Delta-3A sustainer 1/57 through 3/5 9 Delta-3B sustainer 10/58 through 3/5 9 Delta-3C sustainer 1/57 through 9/5 8

(RCK 06976) . I Appendix A, "General Data, USAF Plant No . 56, Canoga Park, California, and USAF Plant No . 57, Chatsworth, California," I dated February 21, 1957, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 and consisted of three volumes, of which only Volumes I (RCK 08372 - 08418) and III (RCK 08256 - 08371) were available . When a copy of Volume II was requested, RIC personnel I explained that the Appendix A files were not comprehensive and that missing files were irretrievably lost . All available Appendix A files were reviewed, but Volume II Appendix A, I February 27, 1957, was not contained in the files . Volume I explained that Rocketdyne was currently developing and testing rocket engines for various weapon systems, including the WS-107A, the Atlas Project (RCK 08375- RCK 08377) . The Atlas Project had I as its goal the development of a propulsion system for a ballistic missile, the SM-65 (RCK 08375) . In furtherance of this plan, the Project called for development of the following I engines :

55=4 : a 60,000-pound thrust sustainer system ; I B=3 : a 300,000-pound thrust booster system with verniers ;

CC=1 I : a 360,000-pound thrust cluster system with verniers . (ibid .) . A vernier is defined in "Webster 's New Collegiate Dictionary" (G . & C . Merriam Co ., 1973) as "any of two or more I small supplementary rocket engines or gas nozzles on a missile or a rocket vehicle for making fine adjustments in the speed or course or controlling the attitude" (p . 1291, definition 2b) . I Environmental and reliability testing of the Atlas engines was t o

I 13

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666301 be emphasized during calendar year 1957 ( RCK 08375 ) . For the C- 1 system, preliminary flight rating tests were to be completed in October 1957 , and pre-qualification testing was to begin in 1957 and to be completed in March 1959 ( RCK 08375 - 08376) . The S-4 engine was to be given R&D testing at VTS-1 and Alfa-3 (RCK 08384 ) . The B-3 engine was to be R&D tested at VTS-3, and the C- 1 system , at Alfa-1, Bravo -2, Coca-1, and Coca-2 , with acceptance testing of the C-1 occurring at Alfa-l and Bravo-2 (RCK 08384 - 08385) .

Appendix A RC-62-J2-2B, "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Indtistrial Facilities, I FY-1962, 3-2 Rocket Engine Program, Canoga Complex-Propulsion Field Laboratory," dated August 24, 1962, was submitted under Facilities Contract NASS-5609 in support of the J-2 Engine Program defined in NASA Prime Contract NAS8 -19 (RCK 17553 - I 17602) . According to Table III of this Appendix, entitled "Existing Camera Utilization Chart (27 April 1962)," the test stands at SSFL were devoted to ongoing programs as follows : I Area Progra m

I Bowl J-2 and other (unspecified) Canyon H- 1 Alfa Atlas I Bravo F-1 Coca Atlas Delta Thor and Jupite r I (RCK 17599) .

I Since January 1970, Alfa-i has been used to conduct test firings of the Atlas sustainer and booster rockets . Through December 1989, a total of 161 sustainer tests and 196 booster tests were conducted at Alfa-1 . Because the Atlas is being I manufactured and tested according to contracts first written in the 1950's, standard operating procedures still require that the thrust chambers be flushed out with TCE following a test firing I (RCK 32223 - 32229 ; McGrath) . Alfa is the only test area at SSFL where TCE is still being used (Zeller) . Mark Zeller, current acting manager of testing for Alfa-Bravo, maintains inventories I of TCE used at Alfa (Zeller) . Mr . Zeller used his records to estimate that the amount of TCE used to flush one chamber of an Atlas booster is 40 to 50 gallons . An Atlas sustainer thrust chamber requires approximately 30 to 40 gallons to flush (ibid .) .

3 . Jupiter and Tho r

In 1955, Rocketdyne received two contracts to build additional engines : the Jupiter, which was contracted by the Army : and the Thor, which was an Air Force project, according to "The First 25 Years" (RCK 32515) . The Jupiter and Thor wer e

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666302 I

I conceived as intermediate range ballistic missiles ( IRBM ) . While similar in configuration , design , and size , the rockets used different engines . The Thor used a kerosene- fueled MB- 3, similar I to an Atlas engine ( see Atlas discussion , supra ), and the Jupiter used a kerosene - fueled S-3D engine ( The Rocket , pp . 237, 255) . I RIC's files contained no "Appendix All that requested funding specifically for the Jupiter or Thor Programs . Instead, the files contained references to an IRBM project entitled WS- 315A . Because this project developed an engine called the S-3, I it is reasonable to conclude that the rocket in question was the Jupiter .

I Appendix A FA 56-53, "WS - 104A, Industrial Facilities, Fiscal Year 1957," dated June 15, 1956, as indicated above in the discussions of the Navaho and the Atlas , was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 and consisted of volumes I I (RCK 07077 - 07189 ) and II ( RCK 06968 - 06998 ) . According to the timetable contained in Volume II, the following test stands wer e devoted to the WS-315A from April 1956 through March 1959 : I Test Stand Time Fram e

I Canyon/ TRE-1 4/56 through 3/59 Canyon/Delta-4A* 11/56 through 3/5 9 Canyon/Delta-4B 1/57 through 3/5 9 I Delta-lA 1/57 through 3/5 9 Delta-iB 3/57 through 3/5 9

I (RCK 06976) .

[* - Test stand Delta-4 was built in the Canyon area (RCK I 06928) .] Appendix A, "General Data, USAF Plant No . 56, Canoga Park, California, and USAF Plant No . 57, Chatsworth, California," I dated February 21, 1957, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 and consisted of three volumes, of which only Volumes I (RCK 08372 - 08418) and III ((RCK 08256 - 08371) were I available . Volume I explained that Rocketdyne was currently developing and testing rocket engines for various weapon systems, including the WS-107A, the Atlas Project, and the WS-315A, the Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile ( IRBM ) Project (RCK 08375- I RCK 08377) . The IREM Project consisted of creating and testing a single-engine propulsion system delivering 150,000 pounds of thrust, the S-3 . This engine was to be used in conjunction with the Douglas SM-75 missile (RCK 08376) . Reliability testing was scheduled to begin in February 1957 R&D testing was scheduled at Delta-4B, in the Canyon area, and at Delta-1 and Delta-3, with acceptance testing being done at Canyon's Delta-4A (RCK 08384 - 08385) .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666303 1

In 1959 , according to "The First 25 Years," a $25-million fixed-price incentive contract for the production of Thor engines was negotiated with Rocketdyne by the Air Force . This new type of contract reportedly was the first such negotiation in the history of the Air Force missile program (RCK 32525 ) . In 1960 , the last Jupiter engines were manufactured at the Canoga facility ( RCK 32528) .

Appendix A RC-62-J2-2B , "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Industrial Facilities, FY-1962, J-2 Rocket Engine Program , Canoga Complex- Propulsion Field Laboratory ," dated August 24, 1962 , was submitted under Facilities Contract NAS8-5609 in support of the J-2 Engine Program defined in NASA Prime Contract NAS8-19 ( RCK 17553 - 17602) . According to Table III of this Appendix, entitled "Existing Camera Utilization Chart (27 April 1962)," the test areas at SSFL were devoted to ongoing programs as follows :

Area Progra m

Bowl J-2 and other( unspecified) Canyon H- 1 Alfa Atlas Bravo F-1 Coca Atlas Delta Thor and Jupite r

( RCK 17599 ) [ emphasis supplied) .

In 1969, the first of 12 Thor engine systems to be produced under a ZEDACTE[ hardware and se rv ices contract received from DOD was delivered . It was the 485th Thor propulsion system Rocketdyne had delivered to the Air Force (RCK 32551 - 32552) .

I 4 . E- 1

The E -1 was first built in 1956 as a research development project at Rocketdyne, and it was an advancement on I the engine that had been developed for the Jupiter (The Rocket, p . 136 ) . It was a kerosene - fueled engine ( McGrath) .

I Appendix A, "E-1 Program ," dated April 1, 1958, requested additional fuel tanks and pipelines for Bravo-l test stand at SSFL , so that the E-1 thrust chambers could be test I fired for longer durations (RCK 15812 - 15820 ) . According to this Appendix , it was "a firm requirement for Qualification Testing under other propulsion system programs that all engines and/or engine programs be tested for twelve (12) full duration I runs, which is twelve ( 12) times one - hundred-fifty ( 150) seconds or eighteen hundred ( 1800 ) seconds" ( RCK 15818) . I

I 16

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666304 Appendix A, "Application for Industrial Facilities, FY- 1959, E-1 Engine Program, Edwards Air Force Base," dated Novembe r 1, 1958 , was submitted under Contract AF33( 600)-26940 and sought funding , primarily , for installation of testing facilities at Edwards Air Force Base ( EAFB ) for the E-1 thrust chamber . In addition , the Appendix stated that existing test stands at SSFL would be utilized for the E-1 program as follows :

Bravo-lA thrust chamber testing Delta- 2A engine testin g Delta-2B MK 6 (E-1) turbopump testing

( RCK 15842 - 15887) .

(Note : According to Mr . Jack Monaghan , the current director of tests at SSFL and a Rocketdyne employee since 1957, the H-1 engine was not flushed with TCE, even though it was kerosene - fueled . Mr . Monaghan ' s understanding was that by the time the H - i had been developed , a method had been devised for purging engine components of hydrocarbon deposits without the use of solvents . Pursuant to this new method , TCE flushing of an H-1 I was required only if the engine test had to be terminated before completion ( Monaghan) . ] I According to the book "Rockets, Missiles, and Spacecraft of the National Air and Space Museum," the H-1 engine was a turbopump-fed, regeneratively cooled, liquid propellant engine that burned RP-1 kerosene and liquid oxygen . The thrust I chamber was made from steel tubes welded together . Kerosene circulated through the tubes before entering the combustion chamber to cool the engine (Rockets, Missiles, and Spacecraft of I the National Air and Space Museum, p . 106 ) . Furthermore , the H-1 engine was an example of how rocket engine technology in the 1950' s was modified and improved for the manned space programs of the 1960' s . In September 1958, NAA signed a contract with the Army Ballistic Missile Agency to modify and update its S-3D propulsion system for the Thor and Jupiter missiles . The S-3D engine became the H-i ( ibid . ; see also RCK 32522 - 32523) . In 1959, the first H-1 engine was delivered to the Army Ballistic Missile Agency in Alabama (RCK 32526) .

According to "The First 25 Years," in 1962, NASA awarded a contract to Rocketdyne for a 2-year continuation of the H-1 engine program ( RCK 32532) .

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666305 17602) . According to Table III of this Appendix, entitled "Existing Camera Utilization Chart (27 April 1962)," H-i tests were being conducted at the Canyon area ( RCK 17599) .

Appendix A RC-63-H1-3, "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Industrial Facilities, FY-1963, H-1 Rocket Engine R&D Program, Canoga Complex," dated August 24, 1962, was submitted under Facilities Contract NASS- 5609 in support of the NASA H-1 Rocket Engine R&D Program (RCK 17603 - 17628) . The Appendix indicated that the Canyon-3 test stand would be used in the H-i program (RCK 17617 - 17618) .

Records maintained by Mr . Jerry McGrath, a Rocketdyne employee who oversees procurement and consumption of government- procured propellants at SSFL, indicate that 37 tests of the H-1 were conducted at test stand THE-1 in the Canyon area from November 1963 through February 1964, 560 tests, at THE-2 from October 1963 through September 1965, and 745 tests, at THE-3 from October 1963 through July 1968 (McGrath ; RCK 32209 - 32222) .

6 . F- 1

In 1959, NASA awarded Rocketdyne a Z E DACT E C contract covering a 4- to 6-year development program for the F-1 engine (RCK 32525) . The F-1 was used for the first stage of the Saturn V rocket (The Rocket, p . 245) . It was a kerosene-fueled engine that stood over 6 feet tall and had a maximum diameter across the thrust chamber cone of just under 4 feet (ibid .) . The entire engine was too large for the test stands at SSFL, and therefore it was tested at EAFB (McGrath ; RCK 32531) . Nevertheless, SSFL may have been used to conduct test firings of F-1 components .

Appendix A RD-59-Fl-1A, "Application for Industrial Facilities, FY-1959, F-i Engine Program, USAF Plants No . 56, 57 and Missile Captive Test Site, Edwards Air Force Base ," dated April 1, 1959, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)- 26940 . The facilities designated in the Appendix were to be used in support of the F-1 program under NASA Prime Contract NASw-16, dated January 9, 1959 . The following test stands at SSFL were proposed to be used for the F-1 program s

Bravo-lA thrust chamber model testing Bravo-2 turbopump testing

(RCK 15888 - 15963 ) . The nature of the thrust chamber testing was not explained . As noted above, Bravo-lA was also used around this time for testing the E-1 thrust chamber .

Appendix A RC-61-Fl-3, dated September 21, 1960, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33( 600)-26940 in support of the F-1 Engine Program under NASA Prime Contract NASw-16 (RCK 16475 - 16541) . The Appendix requested funding, inter alia, for the installation of a liquid nitrogen storage and distributio n

1 8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875129 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666306 I system to be used at Bravo - 2 at SSFL as part of the Mark X turbopump testing ( RCK 16504 - 16521) . I Appendix A RC-62-J2-2B, "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Industrial Facilities, FY-1962, J- 2 Rocket Engine Program , Canoga Complex-Propulsion I Field Laboratory," dated August 24, 1962, was submitted under Facilities Contract NASS-5609 in support of the J-2 Engine Program defined in NASA Prime Contract NAS8 -19 (RCK 17553 - 17602) . According to Table III of this Appendix, entitled "Existing Camera Utilization Chart (27 April 1962)," F-1 tests of an unidentified nature were being conducted at . the Bravo area (RCK 17599) .

Appendix A RC-64-F1-6B , "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Industrial Facilities, FY-1964, F-1 Rocket Engine Combustion Stability Program," dated September 30, 1963, was submitted under Facilities Contract NASS- 5609 in accordance with Contract No . NASw-16 (RCK 18816 - 18916) . The Appendix proposed, inter alia, acquisition of calibration equipment for use at the Canyon-1 and Bravo-1 areas in support of F-1 R&D testing (RCK 18881 - 18890 ; RCK 18905 - 18906) .

Appendix A RC-69-CTR-7, "Application for Industrial Facilities, FY 1969, Capital-Type Rehabilitation, USAF Plants 56 and 57," dated July 10, 1968, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF04(695)-992 (RCK 10073 - 10258) . A portion of the Appendix stated that 30 test firings per month of the F-i turbopump, using LOX and RP-1 as propellants, were being conducted at Bravo-2 and that "water at a minimum flow of 4000 gallons [was] released to act as a dilution to the fuel/oxidizer entering the spillway" (RCK 10239) . Turbopump tests did not require TCE flushing, either before or after the procedure (Hiroyasu ; McGrath) .

7 . RS-27 Delt a

The Delta rocket engine evolved from experiments in the Thor program, when a satellite launcher was created by marrying the upper stages of a Vanguard rocket to the Thor (The Rocket, p . 234) . The Delta continued to go through changes in configuration and size , and, in 1974, the Delta 2000 series was introduced (id ., p . 236 ) . This series used the RS-27 engine, which was developed from the H-1 and burned a blend of liquid oxygen and kerosene (ibid .) . Mark Zeller , current acting manager of testing for Alfa-Bravo, maintains inventories of TCE used at Alfa (Zeller ) . Mr . Zeller used his records to estimate that the amount of TCE used to flush the RS-27 engine is 40 to 50 gallons (id .) .

1 9

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666307 I I Since February 1969, Alfa-3 has been used for test firings of the RS-27 rocket engine . Through December 1989, a total of 618 such tests had been conducted at Alfa-3 (RCK 32230 - I 32233 ) . As stated above, Alfa is the only test area at SSFL I where TCE is still being used ( Zeller) . E . TCE and Retention Pond s

I According to the site background information contained in a February 22, 1985, study by Hargis and Associates (the Hargis study), TCE that did not evaporate after flushing operations was reportedly discharged from each test stand onto a concrete I spillway that drained into an unlined channel . The unlined channel drained into an unlined skim pond and/or retention pond . The ponds could then drain into the surface drainage system . I According to the Hargis study, this practice was in operation from 1950 to 1961 ; TCE was reclaimed from 1961 to 1975 and from 1977 to the present (ACE 05760) .

I The TCE reclamation system involved the use of large, metal, funnel -like devices called catch pans . The Hydrogeological Assessment Report (HAR) describes the catch pan system at the I Alfa/ Bravo test stands as follows : "Trichloroethylene, specifically, is pumped into the combustion chamber of the rocket engine and allowed to I drain through the thrust chamber veins . At the end of the thrust chamber skirt, the solvent leaves the engine and is caught in a catch pan which is fitted closely to I the chamber skirt . The pan is designed with an underdrain which enables the solvent to be directed into a 1,500 gallon storage tank . The used solvent is sold for recycling or incineration . "

(RCK 05298) .

As noted above , the Hargis study provided a date of 1961 as the year that recycling began (ACE 05530) . The date of 1961 as the year that TCE recycling began was apparently first calculated by RIC employee James Bowman , who prepared a chronology of events at SSFL that was presented to the RWQCB (Fujikawa) . Mr . Bowman based his deductions on information that had been gathered by RIC employee Michael Francis in the early 1980's After the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory began to suspect that there was TCE in the groundwater at SSFL, Mr . Francis submitte d questionnaires to SSFL area managers in an attempt to I characterize the uses of TCE over tim e Inte rv iews with Rocketdyne employees, former and present, I conducted by TechLaw, on the question of when TCE recycling began yielded a variety of responses . The clearest recollection came from Don Clarke, a former Rocketdyne test engineer who still works at SSFL under contract I . He stated that the catch pa n

2 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666308 I system was first introduced in the early to mid-1960 's and that it was certainly in place by 1964 , when Atlas testing was transferred to Neosho (Clarke) . Another test engineer, Gene .1 Yohe, who still works at SSFL for Rocketdyne , thought that the catch pan system was introduced in the late 1960's , although he I could not exactly recall ( Yohe) . Mr . Kiyoshi "Mike" Hiroyasu has worked as a test engineer at SSFL since 1957 . He could not recall exactly when the catch pans I were introduced, because he was not working on Atlas engines at the time in question ( Hiroyasu ) . Mr . Hiroyasu worked on Atlases at Alfa, Bravo, and Coca for approximately 5-1/2 years, or until approximately mid-1963 to 1964 (ibid .) . I Mr . Rolf Schmued served as the head of Rocketdyne's Environmental Administration Department from 1970 to 1986, and he I recalled that the catch pans were put in place sometime during his tenure , possibly in the early to mid-1970's (Schmued) . Mr . Schmued 's recollection should be coupled with an additional statement made by Mr . Clarke, who recalled that in the late I 1970' s, Mr . Yohe suggested the implementation of a more efficient catch pan system (Clarke) . Mr . Yohe's idea apparently was submitted to Mr . Schmued, an internal letter entitled I "Trichloroethylene Usage at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory," written by Mr . Schmued and dated June 17, 1977 describes a plan developed by Mr . Yohe and designed to insure a recovery rate of 90 percent for TCE (WQC 03344 - 03345) . Mr . Schmued stated that I he did not know whether or not a TCE recycling system was in place before this time (Schmued) . Therefore, it is possible that his recollection regarding the installation of the catch pans I pertains to the improved system suggested by Mr . Yohe rather than to the initial installation of the pans . I Based on the foregoing, while the estimated date of 1961 may be inaccurate, it seems fairly clear that TCE catch pans were in use at SSFL no later than 1964 . It should be noted that the initial motivation for the use of catch pans was to sell the used I solvent to a reclaimer, not to prevent groundwater contamination, and thus it is possible that recapturing efforts may not have sought to capture every drop and may even have failed to occur on I some occasions (Clarke ; Zeller) .

As indicated above , before the implementation of the catch pan system , TCE from engine flushing operations would simply fall I into the flame deflector and drain down the spillway through an unlined ditch into an unlined pond ( Hiroyasu ; Hood ) . The ponds were natural depressions that were eventually excavated and I dammed to increase their capacity ( Hood ) . The unlined ditches were later lined with gunite (concrete) to prevent oil from collecting in the ditches (ibid . ; RCK 15997) .

I There were unlined retention ponds in each of the test areas (see Figure 8) . In Area I, there was a 200,000-gallon pond in the Bowl area . Canyon had a retention pond and a skim pond ; th e

I 21

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751302 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666309 1

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751 30 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 9 i-1554 HDMSp01666310 I

I size of these is not known . The Bowl and Canyon ponds would drain into a 3,000 ,000-gallon reserv oir , known as R -1, whic h would in turn drain into a 2,000 ,000-gallon pond , known as Perimeter ( RCK 05226 ; see Figures 8 and 9) .

In Area II, Alfa had a retention pond and a skim pond, each with a capacity of approximately 500,000 gallons . Bravo had a 150,000-gallon skim pond . These three ponds drained into the Alfa-Bravo skim pond, which would hold approximately 200,000 gallons . The Coca skim pond ' s 200 , 000 gallons , and the Delta skim pond's 723,000 gallons, would drain into the 3,000,000- gallon reservoir known as R - 2A . Adjacent to -,R-2A was R-2B, a 500,000-gallon overflow pond

In Area III, there is an 18,000-gallon , concrete- lined pond at the ECL . There also is the Silvernale reservoir, with a capacity of 6,000,000 gallons Silvernale reservoir I received drainage from the Alfa-Bravo skim pond ( RCK 05297) .

Appendix A NAA DIP 53-1040, "Industrial Facilities, Fiscal I Year 1956 ," dated April 1, 1955, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33 ( 600)26940 . Copies of this Appendix were not available from the files, but revision pages, dated October 1955, indicate the nature of the improvements and acquisitions covered I (RCK 06831 - 06923 ) . Among the projects proposed for SSFL was a contaminated water control system for Area II , described as follows : I "The system will consist of spillways, collection basins, earth dams, skimmers to remove the oil formed on the surface of the collection basins , Filtration I systems (One for Alfa and Bravo, and one for Coca), pumps, pipe, valves, storage tanks, and a pipe culvert to carry natural drainage water undisturbed through the I collection basins . Tentatively, until engineering is accomplished, the system will operate as follows : the contaminated effluent discharged from the test stand I collant ( sic] systems will be collected in basins formed by earth dams , the oil contaminate will then be skimmed from the surface of the effluent in the collection basin and the fluid under this oil will be I siphoned from the collection basins into a filtering system to remove the solids, from there the partially treated effluent will be pumped to a storage tank and I reused . "

(RCK 06840) . The revised pages did not include site plans I indicating where in Area II the collection basins, storage tanks, etc ., would be located . The storage tanks for the test stand coolant water are visible in later aerial photos and may also be located on the SSFL map in sectors J22 and J23 (RCK 30740 ; GEO I 00001 ; ICK 00001 ; ICK 00002) .

22 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666311 m r A r- r -- - - - r r -- r - r

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FIGURE 9 (1 of 2 )

POND AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM LEGEN D

Ponds and Drainage at SSFL

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FIGURE 9 (2 of 2 )

LEGEND Ponds and Drainage at SSF L

POND AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM (continued ) TechLaw, Inc SOURCE ACE 05790 1

I Appendix A RIP-FA55 -9, "Industrial Facilities , Fiscal Year 1956, Supplement No . 1, USAF Plant No . 57 , Chatsworth , California ," dated January 15, 1956 , was submitted under I Facilities Contract AF33 ( 600)26940 ( RCK 06679 - 06923) . The Appendix proposed , among other things , the construction of a Contaminated Water Control System for the Delta area, which was I to consist of "[o]ne low earth fill skimming dam, one pollution control dam 60 feet high designed to meet State requirements for high dams , and one low earth fill final proof dam to allow capture of site-produced water and pollution control of re-use I water and storm water leaving U .S . Air Force site " ( RCK 06902) .

In 1957, Regional Water Pollution Control Board No . 4 I (RWPCE ) initiated investigations into discharges of wastewater containing fuel oil from SSFL . NAA prepared an report in March 1958, describing the existing wastewater disposal facilities and estimating the types and amounts of waste discharged to each (DHS I 01299 - 01303 ) . In Area I , the average daily amounts of TCE contained in wastewater discharged from the various test areas were as follows : I Test Area Gallons TCE/day

I CTL-I 10 Bowl 15 THE (Canyon) 1 5 I DAILY TOTAL 4 0

The wastes from these areas were collected first in retention I basins, where residual oils were burned off the surface every night . The effluent would then pass through unlined drainage ditches to the Reclamation Reservoir, also known as the R-1 I discharge pond (DHS 01301 ; RCK 05226) . CTL-I and CTL-II, below, refer to Component Test Laboratories, which are described in the section of this Final Report entitled "Other Operations at SSFL" . I The average daily amounts of TCE discharged from test areas in Area II were as follows :

I Test Area Gallons TCE/day

CTL-II small amount I Alfa/Bravo 20 Coca 10 Delta 1 I 0 DAILY TOTAL 4 0 I

I 23

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666314 I

I Wastewaters were first discharged from these test areas to retention ponds, where oil was burned off, as described above . Effluent from CTL-II, Alfa, and Bravo was then collected in a I secondary retention reservoir, the Alfa-Bravo Skim Pond ( ABSP) . Effluent from Coca and Delta flowed through unlined drainage ditches from the retention ponds to a reclamation reservoir known I as RP-2 ( DHS 01302 ; RCK 05226) .

The spillways and the ditches eventually were lined with concrete ( Hood ) . However , these aqueducts experienced recurrent I episodes of cracking and leaking .

Appendix A RD-60-CTR-1, "Capital Type Rehabilitation, Fiscal I Year 1960, USAF Plants No . 56 and 57," dated June 1, 1959, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)-26940 . The Appendix requested the expenditure of funds at SSFL for a variety of improvements and repairs that would not be considered part of I general maintenance (RCK 15964 - 16019) . One of these improvements at SSFL was to extend the Delta concrete spillway 100 feet to a point where it would meet the dam for the adjoining I skim pond , thereby preventing the deposition of petroleum residue along the unpaved portion of the spillway (RCK 15997) . Another request was to repair the Coca spillway, which had become so I badly undermined that "a large quantity of run-off water from adjacent stands , a well and surface run-off flow under the paved area" (RCK 15999) .

I Appendix A RC-6I-CTR-1, "Capital Type Rehabilitation, Fiscal Year 1961, USAF Plants No . 56 and 57," dated November 1, 1960, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 (RCK 16542 I - 16603) . Several repair projects were proposed at SSFL, including replacement of sections of the concrete spillways at Delta and Bravo-1 test stands (RCK 16563 - 16577) . In the case of the Delta spillway, the Appendix noted that erosion of soil I had allowed the concrete to crack under its own weight, thereby creating pockets under the spillway, where pools of fuel and oxidizer gathered (RCK 16563) . The ground beneath the Bravo-1 I spillway had similarly deteriorated, causing the concrete to crack and collapse (RCK 16567) . I Appendix A RC-62-GEN and CTR-1, "General Type Improvements and Capital Type Rehabilitation at USAF Plants No . 56 and 57, FY- 1962," dated June 10, 1961, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)-26940 (RCK 17011 - 17171) . Among the projects I proposed for SSFL was the construction of a storm water bypass for the Area II Reclamation Reservoir, in order to reduce the possibilities of a heavy rainfall causing an overflow of I contaminated water from the Reservoir into the water course leading to the San Fernando Valley (RCK 17081 ; RCK 17084 - 17085) . The Appendix also requested funds for rehabilitation of I the Coca-2 spillway, which had become deteriorated and cracked t o

I 24

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666315 1

I such an extent that water and fuel runoff from test stand firings was flowing underneath the spillway into the earth ( RCK 17126 - 17129) . Similar repairs were proposed for the lower Coca I spillway ( RCK 17130 - 17133) .

Appendix A RC-63 - CTR-2 , "Application for Industria l I Facilities, FY-1963, Capital Type Rehabilitation," dated October 10, 1962, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)-26940 (RCK 17681 - 17765) . A number of repairs were suggested for SSFL . One proposed rehabilitation project was the extension of I the Alfa-3 spillway with approximately 450 square feet of gunite, because "[t]est firing has eroded the soft sandstone rock extension of the present gunite spillway and has formed a cavity I which holds spillage from the test stand" (RCK 17736) .

Appendix A RC-69-CTR-7, "Application for Industrial I Facilities, FY 1969, Capital-Type Rehabilitation, USAF Plants 56 and 57," dated July 10, 1968, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF04(695)-992 (RCK 10073 - 10258) . Among the rehabilitation projects proposed at SSFL was the installation of I a slide gate on the underdrain from Coca Pond, in order to control the drainage from Coca Pond to the reclamation reservoir (RCK 10185 - 10187) . The Appendix also called for the I rehabilitation of the concrete spillways at the Bravo-1 and Bravo-2 test stands, which had become so badly deteriorated over time that "firex sprays and water washdown flow into the cracks and holes, causing further subsurface erosion and undermining" I (RCK 10239) . This portion of the Appendix stated that 30 test firings per month of the F-1 turbopump, using LOX and RP-1 as propellants, were being conducted at Bravo-2 and that "water at a I minimum flow of 4000 gallons ( was] released to act as a dilution to the fuel/oxidizer entering the spillway" (j= .) . The reference document does not specify the flow rate of the water . I It appears most likely from reading the document that 4,000 gallons is the minimum amount of water released after each test (RCK 10239-10240) . I F . Other TCE and Solvent Release s I In September 1989, RIC submitted solid waste management unit (SWMU) information to DHS, concerning solid and hazardous waste handling, storage, and disposal activities at SSFL (RCK 04573- 04605) I . The SWMU submittal included the following information : The past use of trichloroethylene and associated solvents for the cleaning of rocket engines resulted in I groundwater contamination at SSFL . The Hydrogeological Assessment Report (HAR), submitted to the Department, extensively characterized groundwater contamination . Rocket engine testing operations were conducted at the I Alfa, Bravo, Coca, and Delta areas of SSFL beginning in 1953 . TCE was used to clean the thrust chambers of the rocket engines after each test . From approximatel y I

I 25

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875130 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666316 I I 1953 until 1961, approximately 4,000 engine tests were conducted at Area I and Area III of SSFL . Although most of the engine testing was conducted prior to 1962, I extensive engine testing operations occurred during 1975-1977, resulting in additional TCE releases . Other releases of TCE have occurred from spills of the I solvent during the period the solvent was used at the test facility .

(RCK 04582 ) . Approximately , 4,000 engine tests were conducted at I Area II of SSFL, also resulting in TCE contamination of the groundwater (RCK 04589) . I The SWMU submittal provides information on hazardous material spills that occurred at SSFL . There have been spills of chemicals , fuels, and other materials, such as gasoline , nitric acid, and monomethylhydrazine, which have not been implicated in I the groundwater contamination (RCK 04582, 04583) . There have also been the following chlorinated solvent spills :

I (1) Location : Area I, Equipment Laboratory Date : January 28, 198 7 Substance : 1,1,1 - Trichloroethan e

I During operation of the "TRIC" distillation equipment at the Equipment Lab, a system malfunction caused 175 gallons of TRIC to discharge into the containment I basin . The TRIC flowed through the drain valve of the containment basin and across the adjacent asphalt roadway . The TRIC pooled on the roadway and dissolved I the hydrocarbon binders of the asphalt, softening and damaging approximately 200 square feet of the roadway .

The residual TRIC and contaminated asphalt and sail I were removed . The roadway was repaired with new asphalt . A total of 821 gallons of solvent and washwater was collected and transported to OSC for I recycling . A total of eight cubic yards of affected asphalt and soils were transported to Casmalia Landfill .

I (RCK 04580 )

(2) Location : Area II, Alfa-3 Test Stand TCE Tank I Date : January 3, 198 3 Substance : TC E I Two thousand gallons of TCE had leaked from the Alfa-3 TCE storage tank because the tygon sight gauge had broken its lower connection and the hand valve feeding the gauge was open . As a result, the TCE leaked from I the tank into the trench and pipe system which deposited the material on the Alfa-3 concrete spillway . I

I 26

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666317 1

I The hand valve was closed when the leak was discovered and a new sight gauge was installed . The TCE which had not evaporated was collected in d rums for reclamation . I The spill did not reach the SSFL water system . The Regional Water Quality Control Board ( RWQCB ) and the Ventura County Air Pollution Control District (VAPCD) I were notified of the spill . (RCK 04590 ) I (3) Location : Area IT, Alfa Test Stand Date : August 12, 198 3 I Substance : Trichloroethylene A leak was noticed at the top of the TCE Reclaim Tank . The tank storage capacity was at its maximum and TCE I from engine flushing was causing the tank to overflow . The spilled TCE flowed into a concrete lined spillway that is inactive and dammed off, preventing any flow into the general water system . An estimated 285-325 I gallons of TCE were spilled from overfilling the tank . The VAPCD and RWQCB were notified of the spill .

I (RCK 04590 )

TechLaw also reviewed spill reports maintained by RIC concerning chemical spills that occurred at SSFL from 1975 to I 1989 . The information about solvent spills can be summarized as follows :

I (a) Location : Area I, Bldg . 301 . Date : 3/18/8 6 Substance : TCE I Amount : 10 gal . (b) Location : Area IT, Alfa III Date : 3/20/8 6 I Substance : TCE Amount : Not specified

I (c) Location : Area IT, Alfa Date : 5/24/8 6 Substance : TC E Amount : 80-120 gals . in 19,000 gal I . H2 O (RCK 14767) . No additional information was available concerning these spills . I

I 27

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666318 I (d) Location : Area II, Alfa I spillway Date : 9/23/8 6 Substance : TCE I Amount : 2-3 gals .

The spillway was closed off promptly (RCK 14771) . I

(e) Location : Area II, Alfa I Date : 5/29/8 6 I Substance : TCE Amount : 60-100 gals .

I Almost all of the spilled TCE was contained in the Alfa-2 trench pond . The contaminated water was transferred into trucks and then put into a 20,000 - gallon storage tank on-site (RCK I 14785 ) . No additional information is available .

(f) Location : Area I Equipment Lab I Date : 11/10/8 3 Substance : TCE Amount : 15 - 30 gals . I The TCE wash hose was discharging into an asphalt culvert . "Containment was achieved through a natural process I ( evaporation)" (RCK 14828) .

(g) Location : Area III, STL- 4 Clean Room I Date : 11/12/8 1 Substance : Freon TF Amount : 110 gals .

I The Freon was released from a storage tank . Approximately, 1 gallon entered the pond ; the remainder was adsorbed into the drainage channel soil and evaporated ( RCK 14905) . I

(h) Location : Area II, Alfa I I Date : 5/3/7 8 Substance : 1,1,1-TCA Amount : 30 gals .

I The transfer hose from a delivery truck burst . The solvent was lost to the atmosphere ; no containment action was required ( RCK 14981) . I

I 28

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666319 (i) Location : Area II, Alfa Date : 2 /7/78 ; 2/17/78 Substance : TCE I Amount : 1,500 gals .

A plastic hose broke during a rainstorm and released the I contents of a tank . The solvent was retained within the Alfa 2 spillway ; thus, any escaping liquid would run to the Alfa/Bravo I Skim Pond ( RCK 14994) . (j) Location : Area II, Bravo Date : 8/24/76 I Substance : 1,1,1-TCA Amount : 40 gals .

The transfer line from a delivery truck came loose . The I solvent was lost to the atmosphere (RCK 15021) .

I (k) Location : Area I, Bldg . 324 Date : 4/16/7 6 Substance : 1,1,1-TCA I Amount : 450 gals . The solvent was discharged from the spray cleaning bench because a shut-off valve was left open . Discharge was through I natural drainage to the northwest (RCK 15034) .

I G . RCRA Impoundment s There were nine RCRA impoundments at SSFL : Alfa-Bravo Skim Pond and eight others . These impoundments were the subject of I the HAR (RCK 05130 - 06500) . They ceased to be used in November 1985 and were scheduled for RCRA closure in 1988 (RCK 05140) (see I Figure 8) . 1 . Advanced Propulsion Test Facility

The Advanced Propulsion Test Facility (APTF) is located I in Area I of SSFL , Sectors D 39 and D 40 of the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . According to the HAR, APTF is a pilot plant scale engine test and development facility . The types of materials I used have been hydrazine , nitrogen titroxide, methane gas, kerosene- like fuels (RP-1, JP-4, and RJ-1), fluorine, Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid, and hydrogen peroxide . Solvents were I also used for degreasing purposes . The HAR estimates that 4,800 pounds of TCE passed through the APTF impoundments intermittently I during a 25-year period (RCK 05240 - 05241 ; RCK 05267) . I I 29

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666320 I

I There are two concrete - lined surface impoundments in this area : APTF - 1 and APTF-2 . Although no record s contemporaneous with the date of construction could be located, I Rocketdyne estimates that these impoundments were originally placed in operation about 1960 . They have been inactive since November 1985 . APTF - l and APTF - 2 were used to retain aspirated I water and cooling water from test and research operations and to catch and retain spilled materials on an emergency basis . There is no history of major spills in the APTF area (RCK 05240 ; RCK 05242 - 05247) . I In conjunction with the preparation - of the HAR, groundwater samples were collected in September 1987 . Samples I from shallow - zone well HAR-2 , downgradient from APTF-l and upgradient from APTF-2, revealed TCE at 18,000 parts per billion (ppb) and trans - l,2-DCE at 400 ppb . Shallow- zone well HAR-4, downgradient from both impoundments, yielded samples with TCE at I 8,500 ppb and trans-l,2-DCE at 750 ppb, as well as TCA at 150 ppb . A Chatsworth Formation well downgradient from APTF-l and APTF-2, HAR-16, showed concentrations of TCE at 48,000 ppb, I trans-1,2-DCE at 730 ppb, and toluene at 200 ppb . Two upgradient wells, HAR-24 and HAR-25, were found to contain TCE at levels of 400 and 900 ppb, respectively . HAR-24 also contained toluene at I levels of 110 ppb, and HAR-25 showed several additional chemicals at the following concentrations : acetone, 60 ppb ; 1,1-DCE, 20 ; 1,1-DCA, 8 ppb ; trans-l,2-DCE, 30 ppb ; tetrachloroethylene, 30 ppb ; and toluene, 300 ppb (RCK 05257 - 05259 ; RCK 05287) . I 2 . Alfa Bravo Skim Pon d

I The Alfa Bravo Skim Pond ( ABSP ) is an unlined, 200,000- gallon impoundment located in sectors B-41 and 42 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . ABSP was placed in operation approximately in 1957, and it has been inactive since November I 1985 . Alfa and Bravo test stand cooling water as well as fuel and the solvents TCE and TCA which overflowed from rocket engines during test firing procedures were caught and retained in ABSP . I The impoundment was also used as a secondary containment for spills . Liquid in ABSP flowed through an underdrain to the 6,000,000 -gallon Silvernale Reservoir (RCK 05297 - 05301) .

I Rocketdyne estimated that the total volume of solvent used during engine-flushing procedures was between 50 and 100 gallons . In 1958 , NAA prepared a report, stating that I approximately 20 gallons of TCE was discharged per day to ABS P (DHS 01302) . For the BAR, Rocketdyne estimated that 22,00 0 pounds of TCE, approximately 1,812 gallons, were sent to ABS P I over the 25-year period ending in November 1985 (RCK 05315) . Groundwater samples were taken in September 1987 from both Shallow Zone wells and Chatsworth Formation wells in the I vicinity of ABSP . Shallow Zone wells downgradient from ABSP, RS- 8 and HAR-9 , showed levels of trans-l,2-DCE at 66 and 185 ppb, and of vinyl chloride at 64 and 53 ppb, respectively . HAR- 9 I

I 30

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666321 I

I samples also contained ME K at 29 ppb, TCE at 3 ppb, and toluene at 2 ppb . Samples from a Shallow Zone well upgradient from ABSP , HAR-11, revealed the presence of vinyl chloride at 140 ppb, I trans - 1,2-DCE at 330 ppb, MEK at 23 ppb, and TCE at 2 ppb . Chatsworth Formation wells upgradient from ABSP, HAR-19 and HAR- 20, showed levels of vinyl chloride at 90 and 40 ppb, of trans- l,2-DCE at 860 and 500 ppb , and TCE at 830 and 2,000 ppb, I respectively . Samples from HAR-21, a Chatsworth Formation well downgradient from ABSP, had concentrations of vinyl chloride at 64 ppb, trans-1,2-DCE at 190 ppb, and TCE at 5 ppb (RCK 05309 - I 05310 ; RCK 05331) .

3 . Storable Propellants Area I The Storable Propellants Area (SPA) is located in sector B 40 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . The area is used to store fuels and oxidizers used in the test areas at SSFL . I The fuels were hydrazines, and the oxidizers consisted of nitrogen tetroxide, hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, and cryogenic fluorine gases . There are two concrete-lined ponds in I this area : SPA-1, with a volume of 5,000 gallons, and SPA-2, 10,000 gallons . These ponds had the primary function of spill containment, and they also received water and contaminants from drum rinsing operations . SPA-1 and SPA- 2 were placed in I operation around 1960 and have been inactive since November 1985 (RCK 05341 - 05347) .

I As part of the drum rinsing procedures, chlorinated and fluorinated solvents would be used after the fuel or oxidizer drums were rinsed with water . Effluents from the rinsing would drain through concrete channels to SPA-1, for the most part (RCK I 05341) . Solvents, including TCE and TCA, were also used in degreasing operations . Rocketdyne estimates that 3,000 pounds of TCA, approximately 272 gallons, and 7,000 pounds of TCE, I approximately 577 gallons, were sent to SPA-1 from 1960 through 1985, as well as 4,000 pounds, approximately 382 gallons, of trans-l,2-DCE, a decomposition product of TCE that was formed I after drum rinsing (RCK 05362 - 05363) . Shallow Zone monitoring wells were placed in a triangular configuration around both impoundments . HAR-13 is I upgradient from SPA-1, and samples taken from this well in August and September of 1987 showed contaminants in the following concentrations : chloroform, 5 ppb ; TCA, 3 ppb ; carbon r tetrachloride, 4 ppb ; and TCE, 1 ppb . Two wells downgradient from SPA-l, HAR-12 and HAR-14, contained MEK in concentrations of 36 and 23 ppb, respectively . HAR-14 also contained 1,1-DCE at 55 ppb, 1,1-DCA at 2 ppb, chloroform at 12 ppb, TCA at 130 ppb, I carbon tetrachloride at 13 ppb, and TCE at 9 ppb (RCK 05355 - 05357 ; RCK 05388) . I

I 31

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA0875131 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666322 I

I HAR-31 is located upgradient from SPA-2, and samples taken from it contained trans-l,2-DCE at 10 ppb and TCE at 8 ppb . Shallow Zone wells HAR-15 and HAR-30, downgradient from SPA-2, I contained trans -l,2-DCE at levels of 10 and 14 ppb, TCE at 10 an d 11 ppb, and MEK at 16 and 11 ppb, respectively (ibid .) . I 4 . Delta and Propellant Load Facility The Delta Skim Pond (DSP) was an unlined, 723,000- gallon impoundment located between buildings 224 and 225 in I sector H 31 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . DSP received cooling water runoff and waste fuel and solvents that-were released from rocket engines following test firings . DSP was activated in I 1960, approximately, and became inactive in 1970, when the Delta area was deactivated . In 1958, an estimated daily amount of 10 gallons was sent from the Delta test stands to DSP, and the total I amount of TCE sent to DSP is 8,000 pounds, or about 659 gallons, and of trans-1,2-DCE, 4,000 pounds, or about 382 gallons (DHS 01302 ; RCK 05355 - 05357 ; RCK 05388) .

I The Propellant Load Facility (PLF) is located in and surrounding building 224 in sector H 24 of the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . This building was formerly the control center for Delta test area . PLF was used to load fuel , monomethyl hydrazine I (MMH), and oxidizer, nitrogen tetroxide (NTO), into the fourth stage of the Peacekeeper missile . A 12,000-gallon, concrete- lined impoundment (PLF Pond or PLFP) was located between DSP and I PLF, downgradient from PLF . The impoundment was used primarily to catch fuel and oxidizer that leaked from tanks . DSP was also used as a secondary containment pond for PLF . Propellant tanks I were rinsed with fluorinated solvents (freon 113) and isopropyl alcohol . PLFP was activated in April 1983 and deactivated in November 1985 (RCK 05398 - 05399 ; RCK 05403 - 05405) .

I Shallow Zone well HAR-27 is located downgradient from DSP . Groundwater samples taken from the well in August and September 1987 contained vinyl chloride at 110 ppb, trans-l,2-DCE I at 600 ppb, and TCE at 170 ppb . Shallow Zone well HAR-28 is located downgradient from PLFP and Shallow Zone well HAR-29, upgradient . Samples from these well showed levels of trans-l,2- DCE, respectively, at 23 and 4 ppb . HAR-28, the downgradient I well, also contained TCE at 5 ppb (RCK 05411 - 05413 ; RCK 05436) .

Chatsworth Formation well HAR-7 is located upgradient I from DSP, and samples from this well showed concentrations of trans-l , 2-DCE at 750 ppb and TCE at 12,000 ppb . Chatsworth Formation well HAR-8 is located upgradient from PLFP . Samples of I groundwater from this well contained acetone at 78 ppb , trans- 1,2-DCE at 11 ppb, and TCE at 420 ppb

I 32

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666323 I

I 5 . Systems Test Laboratory-IV

Systems Test Laboratory-IV (STL-IV) is located in I sectors G27 and 34 of Area III of the SSFL map . This site was formerly known as Components Test Laboratory-IV (CTL-IV) and, before that , the Small Engine Test Facility ( SETF) . This area I has been used since August 1956 for the test firing of small engines , in connection with such projects as the Navy AR jet aircraft engine and the Peacekeeper missile, as well as for I components testing for a variety of rockets . Presumably, aircraft engines did not have to be LOX-clean and therefore were not subject to TCE flushing after test firing.` The Peacekeeper and other rocket engines tested at STL-IV burned hydrazine-type I fuels , such as MMH or UDMH , and various oxidizers , including NTO and IRFNA . TCE was used at STL-IV as a degreaser and for rocket engine parts rinsing . Two ponds at STL-IV ( STL-IV - 1 and STL-IV- I 2) were used to contain cooling waters used during engine test firings . These ponds also se rv ed to catch spilled fuels and oxidizers . STL-IV-1, a 5,000-gallon impoundment, was activated in the late 1950's . It was unlined until July 1983, when a I concrete liner was installed . STL-IV-2 is an unlined, 10,000- gallon impoundment that was used to handle overflows from STL-IV- 1 . STL-IV-2 was activated in about 1960 and has been inactive I since November 1985 . In October 1984, approximately 120 cubic feet of contaminated soil was removed from the banks and sides of STL-IV-2 (RCK 05448 - 05455 ; RCK 32175 - 32176) .

I In 1958, NAA reported that small amounts of kerosene and hydrogen peroxide were being discharged each day from SETF to a small retention basin, probably STL-IV-1 (DHS 01303) . The HAR I contains estimates from Rocketdyne that approximately 300 pounds of TCE, about 25 gallons, passed through STL-IV-1 and STL-IV-2 over a period of 25 years (RCK 05472) .

I Shallow Zone wells HAR-34 and ES-26 are located upgradient from STL-IV-1 . Groundwater samples taken in 1987 from these wells showed TCE levels of 1,200 and 240 ppb, respectively . I Shallow Zone wells ES-17 and ES-32 are downgradient from STL-IV-1 and upgradient from STL-IV- 2 . Samples from these wells contained the following respective levels of contaminants : 1,1-DCE, 96 and I 61 ppb ; trans-1,2-DCE , 1,130 and 3,200 ppb ; TCE, 10,800 and 4,900 ppb ; and vinyl chloride, 80 and 1,900 ppb . ES-17 also contained 160 ppb of TCA, and ES -32 . 115 ppb of DCA . Shallow Zone well RS- 14 is downgradient from STL-IV-2, and it contained 120 ppb of TCE I (RCK 05464 - 05466 ; RCK 05496) .

Note : On a 1979 aerial photograph, APTF-1, APTF-2, ABSP, I SPA-1, and SPA-2 are apparent (ICK 00002) . By 1989, as indicated by an aerial photograph from that date, these impoundments are no longer in existence (ICK 00001) . The Delta and PLF ponds, and I STL-IV-1 and STL-IV-2 impoundments are not readily discernible on the 1979 aerial photograph .

I 33

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666324 1 . Other Operations at SSF L

In addition to the large engine test areas, SSFL contained laboratories, called Component Test Laboratories (CTLs ), where engine parts were tested and small engines test -fired . Other sites at SSFL were devoted to specific functions in support o f rocket engine research and development , such as fuel testing and component manufacturing . These areas are identified as follows, and the dates refer to the approximate time periods for TCE us e or storage ( see Figure 3) : I Test Area Area of SSFL Period of TCE us e

I CTL-I Area I Early 1950's to late 1960' s I CTL-II Area II . Early 1950's to 196 5 CTL-III Area I Early 1950's to 196 3

I CTL-IV (later STL-IV) Area III Early 1950's to 197 6 I CTL-V Area I Early 1950's to 196 5 Engineering Chemistry I Laboratory (ECL) Area III Early 1960's to 197 6

Advanced I Propulsio n Test Facility (APTF) Area I Early 1950's to 197 6

I Happy Valley Area I Early 1950's to 197 6

Engineering I Equipment Laboratory Area I Early 1950's to 197 6 I (RCK 25263 ) Within these smaller test areas, test pits or test cells would be created, consisting of small booths or stalls with I concrete floors and three concrete walls, the fourth wall being missing so that the force of explosions and other accidents would be directed away from other test areas (RCK 06892 ; Schmued) . The I terms pit and cell were used interchangeably, and depended on the type of component to be tested there (Hiroyasu) .

I 34

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875131 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666325 It is known that TCE was used as a cleaning solvent in many of these areas . TCE flushing of engines did not occur at these areas ( Hiroyasu ; McGrath ) . Figure 10, prepared by Hargis & Associates , Inc ., contains estimates of the total amounts of TCE used at the laboratory areas , as well as the final discharge destination ( ACE 05788) .

In Area I, the research areas include the Engineering Equipment Laboratory, the Instrument Laboratory , the NAKA area, the Advanced Propulsion Test Facility ( APTF ), Happy Valley, and Components Test Laboratories I, III , and V ( CTL-I, CTL-III, and CTL-V) .

The Engineering Equipment Laboratory, building 301, is where rocket engine parts are given final preparation before engine assembly and testing . All parts manufactured at SSFL are I disassembled, degreased, and reassembled before they can be used in an engine (Will) . The lab originally used TCE as a degreasing solvent . Later, probably in the mid-1960's, TCA was substituted for TCE (ibid ., Pfremmer ; Schmued) . In the early years of operations, used solvents may have been washed down the drain into the sewer system (Pfremmer) . Solvents had been recycled at the lab since at least 1958 through the use of a catch tank and a I distilling unit (DHS 01301) . The NAKA area is located in sector D 33 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740 ) . The NAKA was a solid-propellant burning rocket, and I engine tests were conducted here . The site is also used to test gun propellants ( Lang ) . Since the mid-1980 ' s, any use of solvents in this area has been confined to hand-cleaning of I components , using squeeze bottles and rags ( ibid . )

The APTF is located next to the NAKA area , in sectors D 39 and 40 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740 ) . The site is used to conduct I research and design tests on the various fuels and oxidizers used in engine testing at SSFL ( Lang ) . The solvents used at APTF include TCA , freon , alcohol, and acetone, and all have been used I for cleaning by hand for at least the past 6 years ( ibid .) .

Happy Valley is located northeast of the Canyon area, in sectors K 6 and 7 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . This area was the site of small engine tests , solid-propellant burning engine tests , and cannon firings (Lang) . Some of these engines are flushed after test firings by pouring alcohol and freon over them . These substances are caught in a bucket and transferred to a storage drum

CTL-I was used between 1949 and 1957 to conduct tests on a variety of components for the Redstone and Atlas engines, such as turbopumps ( RCK 32170 - 32173 ) . Component tests did not require TCE flushing before they were conducted ( Hiroyasu ; McGrath) . This laboratory has also been used to conduct tests on the E-1 and F-1 engines ( RCK 15842 - 15887 ; RCK 15888 - 15963 ) . It was also used for components testing in conjunction with th e

I 35

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA0875131 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666326 U 5(I?YtT OF TRID .OROET NE USE AT OTHER AREAS

I TOTAL FUSL A9p1IW1E W0 QfIM1m /i*S 0107161107 I.Mg1 FAC ILITY M1m I0► I IN) ow.-71 a

I 11r&r.1 .. 6.0 Gilt 1N0,. - 1976 100 0r...., M.e .F•w .

7 6,01.06 'rat UWNOr7-17 WIT IH0'0 - 1170 no &VW . At-ow. Isn-1, 1

E .lN.rlq CON1 .7,7 LN Ew11 9.0'. - 1976 10 LLN Fwd . G. ..e, A1s600.n

0..t . F01" Yet .

Ca .)... .t 7Nt L.Ow.tw,-11 W17 1010'. - 1165 700 5....l, AM_.►w. IM-11 1

w ' .rl&rrw M1 . CO.ra+.t 7-1 L .► .eery-r _ Only 1170 . - 1165 700 ► ► ICTL-Y) AM000MH

O'rMit 1136 - 1167

0 L14 .10 O"/.0 FIOM

Ca0.16.01 7.01 L.0050t5.,-111 15.17 1110'. - 1163 300 6,w06 , Ml9Nr . ICTL-1 I1 1

10 00000.. .? Tut LOS .r. tw,-I WIT IM- . - 700 50.00, At-OW. ICn-1 I L.I. 1100•.

11 L..w Eylwrlp 7..1 t..IT 11101 . - 116 & 100 Cr...6, MN . .&.r. FN111t ,

17.0"M " Fr00.1 .1N T. .1 WIT 1110' . - 1516 100 QrN.6, At01600w . I FNI11t, 17 095..1 IN. MN Coil, 1170's - 1176 100 0r0..0, At00N0.r.

N 11 . . I .F17 0. 11., E► r11 970 '. - 1976 100 CrwN, At .F•., I..ry sO t. .l, 1S 7N11NN Lab" 0, tarsi 91011 - 976 7000/f ..t ► I► C0 .0nt . FIN0 1 I 7 10 000i0r00M 51w"1 7000 WIT 1070'1 - 976

17 C.*ns? . F1 ..61p MN Ew IT 1170' . - VA

10 0-1 TON MN 1141- 1

000. w..I1M S. 1 n0r01 , OI .IN~1

FIGURE 1 0

LEGEN D Summary of TC8 Qse at Other Areas - SSF L

TechLaw, Inc SOURCE ACE 05788

35a

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751320 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666327 development of the storable propellant system (RCK 16201) . In 1959 , NAA estimated that 10 gallons of TCE per day were being released from CTL-I and draining into R-1 pond (DHS 01301) . CTL- I I is used today to test bearings and seals for the Space Shuttle Main Engine ( SSME ) . TCA and freon are the solvents used presently in this area , and they are applied in small quantities, using squeeze bottles (Lang) .

CTL-III, another component testing site, is located in sectors C 35 and 42 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740 ) . This laboratory has been used to conduct tests on the E-1 and F-1 engines (RCK 15842 - 15887 ; RCK 15888 - 15963) . It was also used for components testing in conjunction with the development of the storable propellant system (RCK 16201) . The site is used today to test the hypergolic cartridges used to ignite Atlas and RS-27 engines . These cartridges contain substances that combust spontaneously upon contact with the air . The cleaning solvent used in CTL-III is heptane (Lang) .

CTL-V is located in sectors J 32 and 33 of the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . It was used , inter alia, to conduct tests on the F- 1 engine program (RCK 17599 ; RCK 18292 - 18297) .

Area II of SSFL includes Components Test Laboratory II (CTL-II), the Storable Propellants Area (SPA), and the Peacekeeper Load Facility (PLF) . These are research areas that may have contributed small amounts of contamination to the groundwater at SSFL .

CTL-II is located in sector B 14 of the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . CTL-II was used to test components of the Redstone and Atlas rockets, such as turbopumps, turbine wheels, combusters, and start systems (RCK 32173 - 32175 ; RCK 32186 ; RCK 32201 - 32202) . In 1958, NAA estimated that a small amount of TCE was being released each day from CTL-II and draining into Alfa-Bravo Skim Pond (DHS 01302) . This laboratory was also used to conduct tests on the E-1 engine (RCK 15842 - 15887) . Appendix A RC-63-F1-5(REV), "Application to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Industrial Facilities, FY-1963, F-1 Rocket Engine Development Program," dated August 24, 1962, and revised November 9, 1962, was submitted under Facilities Contract NAS8- 5609 (RCK 17791 - 18022) . The Appendix requested funds for the acquisition of a solvent vapor degreasing system for CTL-II (RCK 18002 - 18003) . This system was to include not only the degreaser but also a solvent reclamation still, which indicates that solvent was to be recaptured and refined for repeated us e It is not known whether or not this degreaser was installed or, if so, removed .

The SPA is located in sector B 40 of the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . This cleared area is used to store non-cryogenic fuels and oxidizers that may be used at SSFL . These substances are stored in drums, cylinders, or pressurized bottles . No solvents are used in this area (Lang) .

3 6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751321 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666328 The PLF is located in sector H 24 of the SSFL map (RCK I 30740) . This facility is the former site of the Delta control center, and it is used to load storable propellants into the Peacekeeper missile ( RCK 05398 - 05399 ) . Solvents used in this area included freon and isopropyl alcohol (ibid .) .

The research sites located in Area III are the System Test Laboratory IV (STL-IV ), the Engineering Chemistry Laboratory (ECL), and the Continuous Wave Laser Laboratory (CWLL ) ( RCK 30740 ; Lang) .

STL-IV is located in sectors G 27 and 34 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740 ) . This site was formerly known as the Small Engine Test Facility and the Components Test Laboratory IV (Lang) . The facility has been and is still used to conduct tests on small engines , and the solvents used there are alcohol and freon (Lang ; RCK 32175 - 32176) .

The ECL and the CWLL are located on the former site of the I Lance Service Area . The Lance was an Army missile that was fueled by hydrazine (The Rocket, p . 238) . The ECL is currently used to manufacture plastic explosives for a Rocketdyne I contractor . The solvents used in this area are TCA, freon, and alcohol (Lang) . According to Elaine Wooster of Rockwell, the ECL was used to develop the solid propellants under DOD contracts . Ms . Wooster indicated that 95 percent of the work conducted at the ECL was billed to Air Force and Navy contracts, and the other 5 percent was billed to overhead . Rockwell could not find outside companies to produce the small amounts of propellants required yet still maintain the necessary quality . The ECL also was used to test the ponds at SSFL to determine that harmful constituents were not entering the ponds . Pond testing began in the early 1960's . If a test area was consistently used for a particular program and discharged into a particular pond, then this program would be charged with the expense of the pond testing for that area . If a test stand was used for a number of different programs, then the expense of testing the receiving pond would be charged to overhead (Wooster) . The CWLL is a sub- scale test facility for various chemical lasers . TCA, Freon, and I alcohol are the solvents that might be used in this area (Lang) .

The Environmental Effects Laboratory (EEL), also known as the Cryogenics Laboratory, is located in sector G20 of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . The site is used to conduct extreme cold temperature tests on materials, metals and gauges . The solvents used there are TCA, freon, and alcohol (Lang) .

3 7

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751322 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666329 1 . Liquid Oxygen Plant

The Liquid Oxygen (LOX) Plant was located in Area I of SSFL, covering sectors C 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, and 21 (RCK 30740) . This parcel of land, comprising approximately 40 acres, was owned by the Air Force, which contracted with Air Products an d I Chemicals, Inc ., to operate the plant, also known as Air Force Plant 64 . The LOX plant was in operation from 1955 through 197 1 (McGrath) . The general process used at the plant was to subject air to extremely cold temperatures . At a certain point, liquid I oxygen precipitates from the cold air, and at another, liquid nitrogen (McGrath) . These substances are stored in pressurized, refrigerated tanks (ACP 00001 - 00002) . The process does not appear to require the use of solvents such as TCE, although it remains unclear whether or not freon is used as a refrigerant . The LOX plant was eventually dismantled . The site was transferred to NASA, which maintains the area as a buffer zone between the field laboratory and neighboring homes . Appendix C contains complete details of the ownership history of this parcel .

2 . coal Gasification / Licuefactio n

From 1977 through 1985, the Bowl area was the site of a number of experimental programs conducted by Rocketdyne under contract with the U .S . Department of Energy (DOE) . These programs were designed to test whether or not coal, hydrogen, oxygen, and perhaps other gases could be reacted under heat to produce liquid and gaseous fuels that would burn cleaner than the coal itself . One of the vertical test stands and the control I center in the Bowl area were modified for these experiments . Rocketdyne maintained material balances of components used and substances produced , in order to be able to assess whether or not these programs were economical sources of clean - burning fuels I (RCK 23895 - 24923, esp . at RCK 23906 - 23909, RCK 24399, RCK 24551, and RCK 24764 - 24775) . The hardware for these experiments remained in place until it was dismantled in 1987 I ( RCK 24424 - 24427) . The coal liquefaction project was designed to extract benzene, toluene, and xylene (collectively referred to as BTX) from the reaction of pulverized coal and gaseous hydrogen and oxygen . BTX was drawn from the combustion chamber in the form of a vapor and was condensed into liquid form . The waste product of the combustion, called char, remained in the chamber . Char looked like a thick, sludgy combination of tar and cinders . As stated above, the amounts of char and BTX generated were measured, and the BTX was sampled . All by-products were then drummed and stored in the Bowl area, until such time as they were removed to an off-site hazardous waste disposal area (RCK 24764 - 24775 ; Schraq ; Sprouse) . According to Fred Schrag, the combustion chamber and associated piping were cleaned out afte r

3 8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875132 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666330 each experiment in order to prepare for the next run . This cleaning did not involve the use of solvents . Instead , the tarry residues were scraped out by hand, stored in drums with the char, and disposed of as described above ( Schrag) .

The coal hydrogasification project attempted to use a similar reaction of pulverized coal and gases to extract methane gas (RCK 23906 - 23909) . As with the liquefaction process described above, the primary waste by-product of the reaction was char . The refinement stage of hydrogasification also produced some BTX and light oils . All products, after being weighed and sampled, were drummed and stored in the Bowl , area until they were hauled off-site (ibid . ; Schrag) . The methane gas was burned off, I and carbon dioxide and steam were released to the atmosphere (Schrag) .

These programs did not use TCE or other solvents as constituent materials or cleansers, nor did they yield these types of substances as products . The substances utilized were coal and various gases , such as hydrogen , oxygen , steam, carbon monoxide , and methane , and the products were char, BTX, and methane (RCK 24637) . Gaseous products were combusted at the site, and solid and liquid products were drummed and later removed by a hazardous waste hauler ( Schrag ) . When the hardware was dismantled, those pieces of equipment known to contain oils, tars , and combustion products were disposed of as hazardous waste . The remaining equipment was rinsed with water, and the water was disposed of as hazardous waste ( RCK 24424) .

3 9

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA08751324 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666331 APPENDIX A

LIST OF DOCUMENTS REFERENCED

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 57

I I I I I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751325 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666332 £££999 6odSW4 H

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uo-T ~liosea a~QQ siaaunx 3uewr ooa I Document Numbers Data Descriptio n I RCK 07077 - 07189 06/ 15/56 APPENDIX A INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FISCAL YEAR 1957 FACILITIE S I CONTRACT CK 08256 08371 2/21/57 APPENDIX A : INDUSTRIAL FACILITIE S PLANT NO . 5 7 I RCK 08372 - 08418 02/21/57 APPENDIX A : GENERAL DAT A

RCK 10000 - 10000 04/18/61 ( CORRESPONDENCE REQUESTING SCHEDUL E I FOR WORK ACCOMPLISHMENT I N SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT 41 )

I RCK 10001 - 10001 03/15/61 APPROVAL OF APPENDIX A, TO SF C AF33( 600)-2964 0

RCK 10002 - 10002 03/09/61 APPROVAL OF APPENDIX A TO SFC A F I 33(600)-2694 0

RCK 10003 - 10004 04/03/61 (CORRESPONDENCE SUBMITTING CONTRACT AF33(600)-26940 SUPPLEMENTAL AGREEMENT NO . 41 CERTIFICATE O F CURRENT PRICING DATA )

I CK 10005 10007 1/26/61 UPGRADING OF CLEANING FACILITIE S

RCE 10008 - 10009 01/12/61 CONTRACT AF33(600)-2694 0 I APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR WS-107A-1 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM FY-196 1 I CK 10010 10010 0/12/60 CLEANLINESS OF ENGINE COMPONENT S

RCK 10011 - 10017 12/14/60 CLEANLINESS OF ENGINE COMPONENT S 1 RCS 10018 - 10020 12/22/60 (REVIEW OF CLEANING PROBLEMS AN D OPERATIONS ) I RCK 10021 - 10072 03/17/61 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES APPENDIX A , FY 1961 WS-107A-1 ROCKET ENGIN E PROGRAM SUPPLEMENT A FACILITIES I CONTRACT

CK 10073 10258 1/06/69 APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIAL I FACILITIES FY 1969 CAPITAL-TYP E REHABILITATION RCK 14767 - 14767 02 / 18 / 86 (CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF SPILL 1 INCIDENTS 2-86 THROUGH 6-86 ) RCK 14771 - 14782 09/30/86 (INCIDENT INVESTIGATION REPORT - I TCE ) RCK 14785 - 14803 05/29/86 (INCIDENT INVESTIGATION RELATING T O TCE SPILL AND LAB ANALYSIS )

I A- 3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875132 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666335 9££999 60dSW4 H

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aolsea eatea ssegmn5 zuemnooa I Document Numbers Date Descriptio n

I RCK 16313-16443 03/18 / 60 APPENDIX A - INDUSTRIAL FACILITIE S FOR NASA F-1 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRA M SUPPLEMENT E TO RD-60-F1- 2 FACILITIES CONTRACT AF33(600)-2694 0 FY-196 0

1 RCK 16475 - 16541 00/00/61 APPENDIX A INDUSTRIAL FACILITIE S FOR NASA F -1 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM CONTRACT AF33( 600)-2694 0

RCK 16542 - 16603 11/01/60 CAPITAL TYPE REHABILITATION FISCAL YEAR 1961 USAF -PLANTS NO . 56 AND 5 7 FACILITIES CONTRACT AF33(600)-2694 0

RCK 16604 - 16926 04/14/61 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES - APPENDIX A FOR MACHINE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MODERNIZATION PROGRAM FOR FISCA L YEAR 196 1

RCK 16928 - 16991 03/15/ 61 APPENDIX "A" INDUSTRIAL FACILITIE S FOR NASA F-1 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM FY 196 1

I RCK 16992 - 17010 05/19/61 APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIA L FACILITIES FY 1961 J-2 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM PROPULSION FIELD I LABORATORY APPENDIX A CK 17011 - 17171 6/10/61 APPENDIX A INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES - GENERAL TYPE IMPROVEMENTS AN D I CAPITAL TYPE REHABILITATION AT USAF PLANTS NOS . 56 AND 57, FY 196 2 I RCK 17172 - 17270 09/25 /61 APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIA L FACILITIES FY 1962 J-2 ROCKE T ENGINE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM FACILITIES CONTRACT APPENDIX A I CK 17271 - 17435 2/01/61 APPLICATION FOR INDUSTRIA L FACILITIES FY 1962 F-1 ROCKET I ENGINE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM AI R FORCE PLANT NO . 56 SUPPLEMENT A FACILITIES CONTRACT APPENDIX A

I RCK 17436 - 17485 05/14 /62 NASA INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR F- 1 ROCKET ENGINE PRODUCTION PROGRAM APPENDIX FACILITIES CONTRACT F Y I 196 2

RCK 17486 - 17522 05/18/62 APPENDIX A INDUSTRIAL FACILITIE S FOR PHASE 2 NASA NFS-3 FEED SYSTE M I FY 1962 FACILITIES CONTRAC T

I A- 8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751333 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666340 617£999 60dSWa H

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RCK 18616 - 18694 08/01/63 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR CAPITAL I TYPE REHABILITATION USAF PLANTS NO . 56 AND 57 FACILITIES CONTRACT APPENDIX A

I RCK 18695 - 1875 3 08/13/65 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR J-2 ROCKET ENGINE R AND D PROGRAM APPENDI X I RCK 18754 - 18772 08/16/63 INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FISCAL YEAR 1964 FOR J-2 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM I APPENDIX RCK 18773 - 18815 09/16/63 NASA INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR FURNACE BRAZE, HEAT TREAT AND I BRAZING OPERATIONS FOR F-1, H-1 AN D J-2 ENGINE PROGRAMS APPENDI X

RCK 18816 - 18916 09/30/63 NASA INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR F-1 I ROCKET ENGINE COMBUSTION STABILITY PROGRAM APPENDI X

I RCK 18917 - 18958 10/15/63 APPENDIX A INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR EQUIPMENT MODERNIZATION PROGRAM I RCK 18959 - 18969 12/02 /63 NASA INDUSTRIAL FACILITIES FOR J-2 ROCKET ENGINE PROGRAM APPENDI X

RCK 23895 - 24398 07/00/79 DEVELOPMENT OF A SINGLE-STAGE, I ENTRAINED-FLOW, SHORT-RESIDENCE- TIME HYDROGASIFIER (FINAL REPORT )

I RCK 24399 - 24399 00/00/00 THREE-QUARTER TON PER HOUR HYDROGASIFICATION INTEGRATED PROCESS DEVELOPMENT UNI T

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A-1 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875133 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666342 £b£999 60dSW4 H

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I I

I APPENDIX B

INTERVIEW SUMMARIE S I

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY I Air Force Plant No . 57 (SSFL )

I This appendix is separated into two sections, January 1990 Interviews (Table of Contents on page B-1) and March 1990 Interviews (Table of Contents on page B-36) . Interview summarie s I for a number of persons can be found under both the January and the March sections . These are presented as separate summaries in order to preserve the continuity of the information as it was received . (Within the March interviews, there are also an April 1990 and a I July 1990 interviews . )

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875133 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666345 I

January 1990 Interviews

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875133 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666346 1

I APPENDIX B

SSP L I

January 1990 Interviews I Interviewee Page

Fox, Fred (AFPRO QA Group interview) ...... B-22 Frankel, Milt ...... 8-20 Free , Jack ...... B-1 3 *Fujikawa , Norma ...... B-14 Hard, Peggy (Rocketdyne Group Interview) ...... B-17 Hard, Peggy ...... B-1 2 *Holweger, Dennis ...... B-27 I Lafflam, Steve (Rocketdyne Group Interview) ...... B-17 Lafflam, Steve ...... B- 6 *Lang, Jim ...... B-1 6 Lee, Majelle (Rocketdyne Group Interview) ...... B-17 I *McGrath, Jerry ...... B-31 *Monaghan , Jack ...... B-26 *Pfremner, Don ...... 8-1 9 I Pietrowski, Al (Supply Contract Ofc . Group Int .) . .B-8 *Riggs, Donald (AFPRO QA Group Interview) ...... B-22 Siegel, Ben (AFPRO QA Group Interview) ...... B-22 I Siegel, Ben ...... B-21 Tripp, Carl ...... B-1 0 Will, Frank ...... B-3 3 *Williams, James R . (AFPRO QA Group Interview) . . . . . B-22 I Wooster, Elaine (Supply Contract Ofc . Group Int .) .B-8 Wooster, Elaine ...... 8-2 Yohe, Gene ...... 8-2 9 I *Zeller, Mark ...... B-2 9 * - These persons were interviewed again in March . A separate summary for that interview is presented in the I March 1990 Interviews section . A Table of Contents for the March 1990 Interviews can be found on page 8-36 of this Appendix . I

B-1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666347 I Appendix B SSF L I January 1990 Interview Summary

I Elaine Wooster Rockwell International Corporation Rocketdyne Division I Canoga Avenue , Canoga Park, Californi a

I On January 10, 1990, Veronica Keefe and Megan Demko of TechLaw, Inc ., met with Elaine Wooster of Rocketdyne to discuss the nature I and availability of Facility Contract Records .

A preliminary review of Ms . Wooster's files was conducted of only I the files in the 5-shelf file cabinet, which were all Facility Contract Appendix A records . Appendix A documents are a supplement to the original facility contract (contract modification) . Ms . Wooster does not have all marked-up copies, which would indicate I whether the modification was approved by the Contracting Officer .

With regard to SSFL, Ms . Wooster explained that many of the I permanent installations and equipment placed in Area I were Government-owned . Although this was unusual, Ms . Wooster explained that the earlier contracts were part of a National Defense program and it was deemed necessary until the USAF was able to acquire Area I II .

The Peacekeeper is a propulsion system designed for a missile, I versus the propulsion system designed for a satellite .

Other Notes :

I o Ms . Wooster identified Michael Francis and Ralph Schmued as two retired knowledgeable former employees .

I o WS is a Weapons Systems designatio n

o THOR, ATLAS, DELTA were all USAF programs . I o Regarding the 1950 Les Reed historical test firing records-- generally solvents were only used on thrust chamber testing and whole engine system testing, because component testing I does not require fuel : no explosive potential . (Les Reed is deceased . )

I o Booster plus sustainer = cluster for testing designations .

o The delivery of a specific number of engines, as required by a I supply contract, is not indicative of the number of test fires conducted to produce those engines . A number of test fires may have been necessary to identify a problem area . I

I B-2

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751341 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666348 Appendix B SS F L I January 1990 Interview summar y

On January 17, 1990, Ms . Keefe again met with Ms . Wooster in person . At this time, the purpose of the meeting was to tour the manufacturing facility at Canoga Avenue . The following numbers correlate to plant building numbers :

(L) The Engineering Development Lab (EDL) : The EDL has always been 1 located at its present station--established at beginning of plant . The purpose of the EDL is to test materials/component parts, samples are drawn up and tested . The High Flow Test facility is part of EDL .

(2) The Manufacturing Building activities include : forming, welding, and assembly . The bay area contains large machines and tools . Hydraulic oil is recycled . Equipment is not cleaned here . Tubes are formed to create rocket engine skirt . (WIP : Work in Progress ; URD : Unit Reference Description No .)

There are two Chemical Processing areas , in which the degreaser units are located .

The Clean Rooms are for the final cleaning .

The X-Ray Cell is where x-ray equipment is located to check engine parts for flaws and cracks .

There is no waste stream generated in the Tube Stack Room . Hollow tubes are welded on to cover the engine skirt . 1 Oxidants are sent through the tubes to cool the engine . (TPS : Direct current to form "spot welding" dry oven . ) The Power 1 Head Center is where grinding and welding of engine power heads is conducted . No waste stream generated from this area .

1 Clamshell Furnace (1956) which heats and brazes engine skirts, was designed for the F-1 Shuttle Engine . In its day, it was the largest structure of its kind .

In the Seaworld area, electro-deposition of copper and nickel (plating) is very carefully permitted . The tanks are covered . The tanks are drained and piped to Baker Tanks where aluminum is plated to prevent hydrogen embrittlement effect (HEE) . 1 (3) The Recycling Tank Area contains Chemtek tanks . (42) The Storage Shed contains tooling and platforms . 1

I B-3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666349 Appendix B SSFL I January 1990 Interview Summary

(35) The Chem Storage contains acids /bases . The LA Fire Department required the removal of all tanks . Helisport was never fueled from Canoga . Rocketdyne ' s corporate offices are at E1 Segundo 1 near LAX where fueling is done . The Bone Yard is where items are held prior to designation as surplus .

(29) Raw Material

(30) A/C Shop

(02) Plant Service s 1 (28) Storage - parts materials

(16) Eng . file s 1 (38) MENT (Materials/Engineering & Technology) bench soak treating of materials subject to various testing parameters . 1 On January 30, January 31, and March 29, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw, Inc ., conducted follow-up telephone interviews with Elaine Wooster of RIC .

Ms . Wooster stated that facility contracts provided funding to maintain and upgrade AFP NO 56 . In addition, these contracts also 1 provided funding for "facilities" to carry out USAF and NASA research and development, and production and supply contract tasks . Ms . Wooster explained that a "facility," by contract definition, is anything required to accomplish a task , and may include tools, 1 equipment , land , and buildings . According to Ms . Wooster, the location of furnished facilities were not limited to AFP No . 56, and depending on the need of a particular government program, authorization was granted by the Contracting Officer to place facilities at locations associated with AFP No . 56 .

According to Ms . Wooster, the first facility contract was Special Facilities Contract AF33(038)-9546, dated June 5, 1950 . This contract served as the starting document to establish the plant and included the design , acquisition and construction of AFP No . 56 . Ms . Wooster stated that NAA assisted with the design of the plant and acquisition of the plant property ; however, the plant was 1 actually constructed by the Corps .

I B-4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751343 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666350 Appendix 8 SSF L January 1990 Interview Summer y

Special Facilities Contract No . AF 33(038)-9546 was issued to RIC's predecessor, North American Aviation, Inc . (NAA) . Prior to the issuance of this facility contract, NAA was working on a cost-plus- a-fixed-fee (CPFF) contract (W33-038 ac-14191), which stated that government furnished property would be made available to FAA when and as the USAF determined that it would be required to perform the I CPFF contract . According to Ms . Wooster, the 1953 Appendix A represents the initial plans submitted by the company regarding the installation 1 of the Canoga Plant . Although the 1953 Appendix A does not appear to be the final version, all subsequent available Appendix A documents are modifications to an existing plant .

Regarding the overlap of having both USAF and NASA facility contract at the plant from 1963 to 1974, Ms . Wooster confirmed that both agencies "cohabitated" AFP No . 56 during this period . She explained that generally each facility contract processed Appendix A documents which requested funding to support their particular programs . Ms . Wooster understood that improvements to the plant which were common to both USAF and NASA programs , such as a fire truck, would be negotiated between the two agencies, and that the agencies tried to split these costs .

According to Ms . Wooster, prior to the transfer of APP No . 56, the USAF transferred ownership to NASA of certain real and related personal "plant property ." Facilities acquired through the Appendix A process were not necessarily limited to use at AFP No . 56 and could be located at the adjacent RIC owned/leased portions of the plant . Ms . Wooster explained that during the period RIC operated the plant, property furnished under the USAF facility contract was marked by a U-tag, and property furnished under the NASA facility contract received a F-tag . After the transfer of APP No . 56 to RIC, only the equipment that was acquired by RIC, as a 1 result of the transfer, had their property tags changed to denote RIC ownership . NASA currently owns personal property utilized at the plant .

I 8-s

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666351 1 Appendix B SSF L 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

Steve Lafflam Environmental Unit Manager Rockwell International Corporation 1 Rocketdyne Division

On January 11, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw , Inc ., met with Steve Lafflam of Rocketdyne to discuss the progress of TechLaw's L record collection .

TechLaw inquired as to the information sources accessed to compile I the Solid Waste Management Unit Report (SWMU), notably, the records detailing the landfills at the SSFL .

Steve stated that in 1982/1983, the state required industry to 1 identify all SWMU . He said that he would provide supporting documentation . He noted that RIC (Rockwell International Corporation) records indicate the landfills were used for the E disposal of construction debris and were located in Areas I, II, and IV (Ref . Doc . Nos . 0184-0183) . 1 On January 17, 1990, Veronica Keefe met with Mr . Lafflam again and discussed her conversation with Ms . Peggy Hard, Senior Facilities Planner for Rocketdyne . TechLaw described the type of cos t information which would be useful to evaluate costs and requested a breakdown by project . Steve felt it would be best to meet the following Monday or Tuesday as he would be out of town the next two I days (Thursday and Friday) . Other notes from this discussion included :

o U/V Peroxidation System - NASA purchased the hardware as I research and development program (this coverage did not include its installation) . Funded_ DACT E 1 o Environmental costs have been tracked since 1981 . o If a "Capital Project," Rocketdyne would have had capital dollars but also would have had related expense dollars I associated with the project .

o Peggy Hard or Patty Brady are looking for figures under 1 capital related expense for/by contracts and job orders (authorities funding Job Orders ) I o Purchasing Officer would have history of bid process . I

B- 6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666352 I Appendix B SSF L January 1990 Inte rv iew Summar y

o Dry Cleaner Issue - Rocketdyne has asked RWQCB to assist i n identifying the source of contamination for Perchloroethylene . PCE has been identified in groundwater samples collected upgradient to the site (Lafflam) .

o Canoga treatment system will be turned on in February .

o Montgomery Ward was owned by Mobil Oil during period tanks I were at the site . On January 26, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw, met with Steve Laff lam to obtain approximate dates of operation for the LOX plant . Steve stated that Air Products ran the LOX plant and that a good 1 approximation of dates of operation would be 1962-1974 . The Space program went into a slowdown/cutback in 1974 and Steve figures that I the LOX plant was therefore shut down around this time .

[Note : A follow-up interview with Mr . Lafflam to discuss the I Canoga plant and SSFL plant was scheduled on March 23, 1990, but was cancelled by Mr . Lafflam . This interview was tentatively set- up for the following week ; however, due to conflicts with Mr . Lafflam's schedule, an interview was not conducted . This interview was conducted on April 3-4, 1990 . I I 1 I i I 1

I H-7

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666353 I Appendix B SSFL January 1990 Interview Summary I Al Pietrowsk i 1 Elaine Wooste r supply contract office Rockwell International Corporation I Rocketdyne Divisio n I On January 11, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw , Inc ., met with Al Pietrowski and Elaine Wooster of Rocketdyne . The purpose of the I meeting was to determine if the Contract Office had record s relevant to the scope of service . I According to Al Pietrowski, facility contracts were non-fee bearing, cost only contracts, under which the government provided funding to update, modernize and equip the plant . Funding requests for facilities were processed through the submission of a document entitled "Appendix A ." An Appendix A document was prepared by RIC and provided a description and justification for each "facility request ." The Appendix A document was submitted by RIC for review I to the appropriate contracting agency (USAF or NASA), and if a request was approved , funding was provided through a Contract Modification or Supplemental Agreement to the facility contract .

I Al Pietrowski provided TechLaw with a copy of the SSME Supply Contract, and went through the various sections of the contract . The contract was general regarding plant operations, to the point I that it did not even specify the plant facility at which Rocketdyne had to conduct/perform the work . The SSME contract listed several of Rocketdyne's facilities as approved sites . Mr . Pietrowski explained that Supply Contracts generally do not specify the 1 Rocketdyne facility to be used , and that this is written out in a technical volume that is part of a cost description of how a contract will be performed . The Government evaluates the cost I description and, if Rocketdyne is awarded the contract, the location would be part of the negotiated activity . All historical production and supply contracts records from this office have been I destroyed . Do supply contracts delineate standard operating procedures? Are production processes dictated by the Supply contract? Mr . I Pietrowski explained that contract specifications would appear as a reference in the CEI (Contract End Item) Specification, which is referenced in the Supply Contract . He noted that the CEI 1 references other documents and that this is referred to as the "Christmas Tree effect ." Key contract document cites tiers of 1 other documents regarding contract requirements/standards .

T B-8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSpO1666354 I Appendix S SSF L I January 1990 Interview Summar y

1 TechLaw inquired as to the location of supporting documents to the printout entitled "History of Contract Activity, Rocketdyne AFP I Nos . 56 6 57 (Former )" dated November 11, 1986 . Mr . Pietrowski explained that the Contract History Printout is a computer tracking of all RIC contracts assigned to Rocketdyne . This report began as card file and was converted to a database . 1 The original contracts were not kept . He noted that this History deem not inventory the Rocketdyne production/supply contracts by location but includes all Rocketdyne facilities . The following are I an explanation of abbreviations used in the Contract History Printout :

o DR Data Requirement I o AERO subcontractor Bell Aerospace O MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center o Nor NO Navy I O RPL Edwards Rocket Propulsion Laboratory (usual research-type contract ) I o RSA Redstone Arsenal at Huntsville, AL All testing now done in Area II, if non-NASA program testing done on this property approval procedures are gone through to obtain permission for use . Other Government contracts are conducted "rent free," a rental fee is charged for non-government parties (cookbook in FAC to arrive at cost) . Al Pietrowski said that no commercial testing was conducted at SSFL prior to 1964, and would put this date to 1984 .

USAF personnel were located at both AFP Nos . 56 and 57 .

The "Definitized - $" column in the Contract History Report represents the dollars that go into a signed contract . This column in the report provides some statistic of dollar amount of government contract work and POP by each agency and shows continuity of Agency work by Rocketdyne . Mr . Pietrowski stated that contract activity other than Government would include contracts with McDonald Douglas and General Dynamics . He stated that they were very recent, within the last 3 years . Rocketdyne's "commercial work" could have been directed by other government contracts held by Mcdonald Douglas or General Dynamics . The ECL at SSFL was never a real business center to receive contracts .

In 1953, RIC's Propulsion Group was under the jurisdiction of RIC's Space Division in Downey, CA . Contracts were administered out of this office . Mr . Pietrowski and Ms . Wooster attempted to track down historical contract (facility) records, but were unsuccessful .

I H-9

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666355 Appendix B SSFL I January 1990 Interview Summary

Carl Tripp Chief Industrial Wasta Inspector I City of Los Angeles

Department of Public Works Bureau of Sanitation Industrial Waste Enforcement Division 4600 Colorado Boulevard Los Angeles , California 90039•

On January 12, 1990, Christina Maier of TechLaw , Inc ., conducted a telephone interview with Carl Tripp of the City of Los Angeles . This interview was a follow-up to TechLaw's request for documents dated December 13, 1989 .

Mr . Tripp indicated that he had received the letter and had ordered the documents from archives . He said he had gotten them just a few days ago -- one box . Generally, most companies write in and ask that the information be kept confidential . If they do, then the company's permission must be obtained to look in the box . Mr . Tripp said that he hadn't checked yet to see whether Rockwell had such a letter in there . Ms . Maier told him that TechLaw staff were in town at Rockwell now and that they could get a letter of permission from Rockwell . He said then TechLaw would have no trouble looking at the information . He also suggested that Rockwell might have the same information -- Ms . Maier told him that TechLaw likes to check all sources . His office has been around since 1949, so that any permit Rockwell has gotten since that time for sanitary sewer discharge, will be in there [for AFP No . 56] .

On January 18, 1990, Veronica Keefe and Megan Demko of TechLaw, Inc ., interviewed Mr . Carl Tripp in person . They reviewed files collected by Mr . Tripp from the Bureau of Sanitation's local district office ( west valley) . The current files are maintained at its main office (address listed above), after several years, they are sent to the local district offices for storage . He also checked with the Engineering Group for relevant files (obtained one additional file containing self-monitoring reports) .

TechLaw noted to Mr . Tripp that the files contained very little information from the 1950's, 1960's, and 1970's . (Most of the documents were inspections or self-monitoring reports from the 1980's . )

1 8-10

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875134 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666356 I Appendix B SSFL 1 January 1990 Interview Summar y

Mr . Tripp stated that the Industrial Waste Department was established in 1949 to monitor industrial discharge for purposes of sewer maintenance . City' s treatment system used bacterial activity and needed to make sure that oils, greases , solids, and acids were not discharged to the sewer system . (Carl Tripp has been with the Bureau of Sanitation since 1964 and with the Industrial Waste Group since 1966 . )

The City began issuing IW Permits as early as 1960 . Facility received a permit for each hook-up point to the sewer system .

In the earlier years , industry generally installed a basic clarifier type treatment system to separate oils and solids from its discharge . The inspectors would check the clarifier and note whether the discharged material was clear or not . [Trip cards in the file date back to the 1960 ' s, but provide one sentence comments at the most, generally noting " clear ." ]

REDACTED

In 1983, the City Board revamped City enforcement responsibilities . Any spills which affect the sewer system must be immediately reported . Mr . Tripp stated that Rocketdyne was very good about calling in spill incidents to his office .

B-1 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751350 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666357 Appendix B SSF L January 1990 Interview Summar y

I Peggy Har d Senior Facilities Planner Rockwell International Corporation I Rocketdyne Division

On January 17, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw,~ Inc ., met with Peggy Hard of Rocketdyne to discuss obtaining remedial cost information . Ms . Hard handles the overhead budget, supplies, occupancy costs, utilities cost, maintenance , and commercial and government property .

FY Cumulative Reports for Rocketdyne's Environmental Unit were initiated in FY89 . Peggy manually takes figures from the Preliminary Cost Ledgers and plugs them into her Lotus program to generate the FY CUM Reports .

Reports A and B are just overhead expenses , do not include capital I charges , in-house labor . These reports are : A . Environmental Tracking Report Cost Accumulation - Related Expense (Capital Project )

B . Environmental Tracking Report Cost Accumulation - Non-related Expense (All other OH) . (FY CUM Reports )

TechLaw stated that this request is not limited to Area II, must also include environmental costs for Areas I and III .

Peggy does not track capital expenses . Mary Carter tracks these .

On capital items, need to talk to Tom Butler to determine cumulative figures for cost of a project from inception -- overhead plus capital .

Rocketdyne Division Preliminary Cost Ledgers 24474 Accounts for Environmental Work . These reports are generated by accounting and sent out on a monthly basis . These figures are reflected on a I departmental budget report (DBR) . GO - General Orders SA - Sub Accounts .

Every year, the Preliminary cost Ledger Reports are closed out . Peggy is trying to find a way to get this information monthly .

Norma Fujikawa may have distilled cost ledger reports into a cumulative report until December 5, 1998 .

B-12

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751351 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666358 I Appendix B SSF L 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

Jack Fre e Rockwell International corporation Rocketdyne Division

On January 19, 1990, Veronica Keefe documented a telephone conversation with Mr . Free . Mr . Free was returning Dennis Coryell's phone call . Ms . Keefe relayed to Mr . Free that Mr . Coryell was referred to him by Jerry McGrath, Rocketdyne SSFL, for information on Government-furnished product records for solvents .

Mr . Free stated that he did not maintain these records and explained that all solvent purchasing would have been handled/ authorized by each area ' s lead person, engineer/ supe rv isor/ manager .

He stated that material is purchased through a "25-R" procurement to purchase directly from a manufacturer or vendor ; or by a 1171-4" I internal form for material stored in-house as part of the programs main supply .

He did not know how far back purchase records would be kept for I each area . He noted that area managers were switched around quite frequently which would probably impact the continuity of an area's records .

The following area manager names and number were provided :

1 . ALFA/BRAVO Area Tom Schmidt (days) 1-78-1044 beepe r 1-78-5501 phon e

Glenn Story (nights )

2 . APTF/STL-4/CTL-1/SPA Jim Lang 1-78-5075 or 5076 beeper

3 . CTL-3/COCA Bruce Durbin 1-78-0336 beeper Ray Gay 1-78-5726 phone

4 . ECL Marty Robbins 1-78-544 8

5 . Equipment Lab Don Pfremmer 1-78-530 2

6 . Instrumentation Lab John Keefer 1-78-543 8

B-1 3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666359 r Appendix s SSFL I January 1990 Interv iew summary

S Norma FUj ikawa Rockwell International Corporation Rocketdyne Divisio n

On January 19, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw, Inc ., met with Norma Fujikawa of Rocketdyne to have her explain the purpose and source of the accounting records currently in TechLaw' s possession .

I . Doc . RW-025 was generated by work over the years . Thi s document was prepared by GRC based on request from Rocketdyne . Rocketdyne could request GRC to update this report .

HAR - was required by the state under Toxic Pits Cleanup Act (TPCA) . Same time had surface impoundment closures under RCRA -- cited as " pond closure ." (Note : Ponds had treated hazardous waste . Defined ponds which had received hazardous waste and had been treated . Were closed as trying to bring into operational compliance (i .e ., being double-lined, etc .) .

Retrofitting/ pumps - bring into local reg . compliance more concerned about bacteriological codes .

Hargis & Associates was brought on by RIC in 1984 . Two principal geologists were Chuck Dickens and David Hawkins . In 1986, these two split from Hargis and formed their own firm, GRC . Rocketdyne 's Michael Francis decided to stay with Dickens and Hawkins, therefore had to switch from Hargis to GRC .

II . RW-21 Internal Rocketdyne accounting documen t

MPE = material purchasing expense, usually about 10 percent of cost of job order .

R-_ = revision of cost to a job order .

CCR = const ruction correction request .

Job order listed on these documents stem from the omnibus authorization request (AR) - request dollars for groundwater remediation, surface impoundment closure and underground tank removal . Once dollars are approved, the Job Orders are th e

B-1 4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666360 Appendix B SSF L January 1990 Interview Summar y

vehicles to spend the authorized amount . Both in-house and contract billing are done through the Job Order mechanism . Job order (for construction ) can be capital and expense . Subaccounts are only expense .

[Note : Another Interview Summary for Norma Fujikawa can be found in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

B-15 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666361 Appendix B SSFL January 1990 Interview summary

Jim Lang Area Manager, SSF L Rockwell International Corporation Rocketdyne Divisio n

On January 23, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw, Inc ., conducted a telephone interview with Mr . Lang, the area manager at SSFL for APTF ; STL-IV ; CTL-1 ; and SPA . TechLaw inquired about the existence of Government Furnished Products records especially for solvent purchases . Mr . Lang was uncertain whether or not he had any records at all and, if he had any, he doubted that they would cover more than the last year .

The procedure for purchasing solvents is as follows : Mr . Lang's group fills out Form 71-H and submits it to Jack Free's office . Mr . Lang stated that his group kept a copy of the 71-H and taped it to the wall . Mr . Free's office would forward the 71-H to the Paint Stores at Canoga Avenue . Paint Stores would deliver the solvent to Mr . Lang's area and the delivery person would remove the copy of the 71H taped to the wall .

Mr . Lang agreed to meet with TechLaw and review those documents in his file .

He suggested that either Paint Stores at Canoga Avenue or the Purchasing Department at Desoto Avenue might have more complete records .

The best way to reach Mr . Lang is through his beeper . From a Rockwell internal line, dial 178-beep . After the message, dial 3438 (Lang's number) and leave the number for Mr . Lang to call .

[ Note : Another Interview Summary for James Lang can be found in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

B-1 6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666362 1 Appendix B SSF L 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

I Steve Lafflam I Majelle Lee Peggy Hard

Rockwell International Corporation I Rocketdyne Division Meeting to Discuss Cost Evaluation Task Information Requirement s

On January 23, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw, Inc ., met with Steve Lafflam, Majelle Lee, and Peggy Hard (Rocketdyne group) to discuss cost evaluation task information requirements .

Meeting began by reviewing with the Rocketdyne group the "accounting" reports already in TechLaw's possession , i .e ., RW-20, RW-21, RWE-24 , RW-25 ( see N . Fujikawa, dated 01/19/90) .

Majelle Lee provided a table report entitled "Environmental Clean- ups" for dollars spent in FY82-89 for SSFL . Cost figures were broken out by 1) Internal Costs, 2) Contractor Costs, 3) Capital Costs, for each year . A similar report was prepared by Rocketdyne I for Canoga , however, did not include Internal Costs . Majelle Lee will compile list of cost figures like SSFL for Canoga .

Peggy Hard will provide environmental burden of overhead for groundwater remediation for FY 82-89 .

Narrative will be prepared to detail Internal costs for both SSFL and Canoga .

Close of FY89 for past cost , future costs will start for FY90 .

i Area IV work is being funded by DOE . DOE has paid for wells in Area IV . Rocketdyne assumes groundwater contamination in Area IV was created by DOE activities . I Environmental Clean-up Chart (created for insurance purposes by Peggy Hard and Majelle Lee . Have a complete accounting for 1) Internal, 2) Contractor, 3) Capital .

RW-24 itemizes Job orders for capital expenditures unclear if its for both SSFL and Canoga or not . Need to copy Rocketdyne on the document and they will double-check .

B-1 7

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666363 I Appendix B SSF L I January 1990 Interview Summar y

For internal costs, does not appear that administration design, and material costs can be broken out . Have requested this . Mots : Rocketdyne internal costs also includes its Chem Lab Department, Regulatory Interface , Project Engineering , and Laboratory Services for groundwater and soil contamination .

Rocketdyne group queried whether it should be tracking its internal costs differently . If so, they would like recommendations for future cost accounting .

To go back and detail Rocketdyne's internal annual costs would take one person 6 months ( 1/2 man-year ) . Involves pulling time sheets week by week from 1982-1989 . Therefore, the best Rocketdyne can offer is to narrate internal activity by subaccount breakout on an annual basis .

Majelle will take lead to isolate costs and resolve all questions .

1 I

I B-18

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666364 I Appendix B SSFL I January 1990 Interview Summar y

I Don Pfremme r Equipment Lab Area Manager Rockwell International Corporation Rocketdyne Division

On January 24, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw, : Inc ., conducted a telephone interview with Don Pfremmer of Rocketdyne . Mr . Pfremmer has been the area manager for the equipment lab for 6 years, and he has solvent purchase records for his tenure . He estimated that he purchased about 4,000 gallons of TCE a year, in semi-annual 2,000- gallon orders . He expects that a decrease in workload will cut his TCE needs in half in the future .

TCE is purchased in the following fashion : Mr . Pfremmer has a 25-R I typed up . He initials the form and submits it to his supervisor, Frank Will, for initialling . The 25-R then goes to a "buyer" in Canoga Avenue , who purchases the solvent and has it delivered to I the equipment lab . Mr . Pfremmer stated that most of his TCE comes from Dow Chemicals .

Mr . Pfremmer did not know where TechLaw could find purchase records for the years before he became area manager . He suggested contacting Jack Free .

Mr . Pfremmer was agreeable to TechLaw's meeting with him and reviewing his records .

[ Note : Another Interview Summary for Don Pfremmer can be found in the March 1990 Inte rv iews section of this Appendix . ]

I B-19

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666365 I Appendix B SSF L I January 1990 Interview summary

I Milt Frankel ECL Area supervisor, SSFL Rockwell International Corporatio n I Rocketdyne Division

On January 24, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw,• .Inc ., conducted a telephone interview with Mr . Frankel, the ECL area supervisor for SSFL . He asked many questions as to Mr . Coryell's identity, i .e ., who he worked for, what he was doing, why he wanted to review purchase records, and so on . He was not very informative, and he suggested that Steve Lafflam would be able to answer questions about environmental cleanup .

Mr . Frankel said the solvent purchase records were difficult to get hold of . His records did not go back far, but he didn't know exactly how far . He didn't know who would keep long-term purchase records . I The method used to purchase solvents was to submit a 25-R (requisition) to the purchasing department, which would solicit bids and fill the order . TechLaw asked Mr . Frankel about Form 71- I H . He was not certain, but he thought that a 71-H was used to move supplies around within the company, whereas a 25-R was used to 1 purchase supplies from an outside supplier . 1 I I I I I I

B-2 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875135 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666366 Appendix s SSF L January 1990 Interview Summary

Hen Siegel Contracting Officer NASA- SSNE Oversight APPRO (818) 710-314 4

On January 24, 1990, Veronica Keefe of TechLaw , Inc ., contacted Ben Siegel, the Contracting Officer for AFPRO . The purpose of the telephone call was to explain corporate contract tasks , to look at historical operation of former AFPs 56 and 57 along with related facility operations, and to evaluate the remedial costs spent to date on groundwater remediation .

Mr . Siegel stated that he understood that , in 1962, the USAF transferred oversight of the facility contract to NASA . The facility contract accounts for the plant material (Government) an d is a vehicle to fund maintenance of the plant . However, the production contracts would show the activities which led to the contamination of the two sites .

Purpose of contract to account for government material and to pay I for maintenance to fund operation for maintenance .

Other contracts being worked on would be Production Contract . I I 1 I I

I I

5-2 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666367 Appendix B SSF L January 1990 Interview Summar y

Ben Siegel

Donald Riggs

James Richard Williams

Fr ad Fox

AFPRO QA Division AFPRO Building 43 I 6633 Canoga Avenue Canoga Park, Californi a

On January 24, 1990, Veronica Keefe and Dennis Coryell met with Ben Siegel , Donald Riggs , James Richard Williams and Fred Fox . TechLaw had requested Mr . Siegel to contact any knowledgeable AFPRO employees to discuss the history of site operations at the Canoga/SSFL facilities . Mr . Siegel stated that both Mr . Riggs and Mr . Williams of AFPRO's Quality Assurance Division would be knowledgeable contacts and a meeting was set up for 3 :00 .

Mr . Riggs and Mr . Williams were informed of TechLaw's contract with the Army Corps to conduct an investigation and cost evaluation of the groundwater contamination at the Canoga Avenue (CA) and SSFL facilities .

Mr . Riggs, a QA representative and supe rv isor, has been at I Rocketdyne since 1962 . His job involves inspecting, testing, and verification of the hardware throughout its production cycle (pre- award to end product) .

1 Mr . Williams, also a QA representative, has been with Rocketdyne since 1961/ 62 . He originally worked at the Bravo test stand stations . TechLaw questioned him regarding the use of TCE and I possible records . Both Riggs and Williams felt that quality control test firing records would reveal information on the use of TCE . First, the records would show the type of engine/component being tested (this could be tied to the contract program, i .e ., I NASA, USAF, Army, etc .) . Secondly, dates and times of test fires were recorded . Possibly, by reviewing the frequency of the test fires, information could be deduced on whether sufficient time had I passed between firings to allow for recycling of the TCE to occur .

[Note : In 1961/62, Bravo area testing JP-4 LOX, systems had shut- I offs, Bravo did not have buckets, had stack burner . CTL-5 ran constantly J-2 and H-1, NASA programs . ] I

I B-22

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751361 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666368 Appendix B SSFL January 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

TechLaw noted that the only records to date uncovered regarding test fires were from Les Reed's historical test firing logs, dated 1956 - 1958 . Both men thought that Rocketdyne would have QA test 1 fire records either on microfilm or stored at Seal Beach, CA, or its LA Division in E1 Segundo, cA .

Records would record time , duration of test fire, test I requirements , whether it was DCAS or AFPRO .

Discussed whether monthly status reports existed . During this 1 conversation, it was speculated that monthly reports would have been sent to the SPO ( system procuring/program office), and would denote how many firings were conducted and under what specifications on a monthly basis .

TechLaw inquired whether Rocketdyne was developing and testing engines independent of a government contract . Neither Williams nor Riggs knew of such work, since Rocketdyne had Research and Development contracts with the Government, both thought independent work would be unlikely .

1 Regarding Rocketdyne's retention of QA records , the SSME contract specifies the life of the contract plus 20 years . It was speculated that the older contracts may have required QA record 1 retention as the life of the contract plus 10 years . Therefore, programs which are still current and existed back in the 1960's should still have QA records . Further inquiry must be made to 1 verify this . During the discussion, Riggs and Williams was explained that each engine is generally a unique design . Every part is inventoried and I tracked through the QA process . A part may be used and recycled, therefore, meticulous records are kept regarding its QA testing 1 results . In the old days, QA records were stored in Bekin Van Storage trailers . However, both Mr . Riggs and Mr . Williams understood that these records were probably since placed on microfilm by 1 Rocketdyne .

They stated that the Air Force would not have maintained files of 1 such records , given the nature and extent of tracking and record- keeping being done by Rocketdyne . 1 They noted that when challenger engine exploded , records were pulled up to review the QA work for all its components and parts . However , these records would still not fall within the time frame 1 which TechLaw is interested in reviewing . For research and development, engines are tested 3 to 5 times 1 For flight , engines are tested 1 time . I B-23

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666369 Appendix S SS FL January 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

In the early 1960's, 90 percent of the test firing was conducted as part of research and development contract activity . Engine configurations were changed day by day, records (QA) would trace I Government Order number on the paperwork .

Paul Ross , Rocketdyne Vice President of Quality Assurance should 1 know about the archived records . Most of the contracts were NASA , only a small percentage were USAF contracts by comparison ( i .e ., expendable engines ) . NASA should I have retained some records .

Rocketdyne usually stipulated in contract, required to maintain QA I records re : assembly and testing (document affect on the product) . TechLaw explained in general terms the contamination under the Canoga Avenue facility and inquired as to historical I activity/records which would be relevant .

Engines were cleaned routinely with TCE and MEX . The conversation I suggested that in the earlier days, these materials were not handled in a cautious manner , since standard industrial practices 1 were not set up to safeguard environment from spill, etc . Described "Cavitation Testing," spin test run of engines using water in turbo housing . Water is pumped through engines, if hits air, engine cavitates (burps) . This testing is done prior to 1 sending an engine to the hill . The water used to do this, is housed under the Canoga Avenue facility in a 60 ,000 gallon tiled rese rv oir . It was pointed out that, since the engines were cleaned I prior to this type of testing, the water rese rv oir could have been contaminated with TCE . Need to investigate whether these water reserves were part of Rocketdyne's groundwater investigation .

l Conducted very general discussion regarding how the program/production/supply contracts are administered by the l Government . NASA has quality assurance personnel to oversee production/testing . However , current contracts are run from Marshall Space Flight 1 Center . NASA Contact at Rocketdyne : Mr . Ray Tjulander . Do have mixed fund production contracts . Where USAF provides dollars to produce "x" number of engines and NASA provides dollars I for R&D .

NASA does alot of QA on the production lines . Engines are 1 assembled according to NASA regulations . This gets a little tricky for Rocketdyne when its trying to manufacture engines for a I commercial client, since engines produced for a commercial marke t I B-24

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 3 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666370 I Appendix B SSF L I January 1990 Interview Summary

1 do not need to meet NASA standards . [ It was noted this commercial work first started several -- 2 years ago and has not been big because this QA process tacks on noncompetitive dollars to cost of 1 manufacturing an engine . ] Messrs . Riggs and Williams confirmed that manufacturing was also conducted in MF Buildings south/ east of the former corporate I building .

TCE/degreasing activity would have taken place in these buildings, 1 however, the tanks were not necessarily underground , recalled above - ground tanks and also noted cleaning did not necessarily take 1 place in tanks . [ Note : Another Interview Summary for Donald Riggs can be found in I the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ] [ Note : Another Interview Summary for James R . Williams can be found in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

i 1 a I I 1 I B-2,

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666371 I Appendix B SSFL 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

Jack Monaghan I Director of Test Firings SSFL Rockwell International corporation I Rocketdyna Division

On January 29, 1990 , Dennis Coryell of TechLaw conducted a telephone interview with Mr . Monaghan of Rocketdyne .

Mr . Monaghan is the current director of test firings at SSFL . He stated that he is the person to contact concerning solvent purchase records for COCA and CTL-3 . He doubts that his records go back further than 10 years , and he was certain that they did not go back to the 1950's and 1960's . Mr . Monaghan thought that the most likely place to find old purchase records would be in the purchasing Department .

He agreed to check his files to ascertain what he had in the way of 1 purchase records and to call TechLaw back to arrange for TechLaw to review them . 1 [ Note : Another Interview Summary for James Monaghan can be found in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

1 1 1 i 1

I 1 5-26

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666372 I Appendix B SSF L 1 January 1990 Inte rv iew Summar y

1 Dennis Hoiweger NAS A Canoga

On January 29, 1990 , Dennis Coryell of TechLaw conducted a telephone interview with Mr . Hoiweger of NASA .

sea Xephart gave Mr . Coryell Mr . Holweger's name . Mr . Holweger works for Mr . Tjulander . Mr . Holweger stated that the NASA contracting office was in Huntsville and that they had little or no contract records in Canoga . Mr . Holweger stated his opinion that groundwater contamination occurred while the Air Force managed SSFL, not NASA .

I Mr . Hoiweger had one file folder of information, most of which was prepared by Rocketdyne . He agreed to meet TechLaw at 9 :00 a .m . to review the file . He stated that Rocketdyne would have mor e I complete files than NASA . Regarding specific NASA programs, Mr . Hoiweger stated that the Space Shuttle tests did not require engine washdown and did not use I TCE . As for Atlas and Delta rocket tests, NASA's contracts were follow-ups to original Air Force contracts, and Mr . Holweger again stated that groundwater contamination occurred before NASA became 1 involved . On January 90, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw met with Mr . Dennis Hoiweger in Mr . Hoiweger ' s office . Mr . Hoiweger again stated that 1 he had no pertinent files in his possession nor was he aware of any other files in NASA's office at Canoga . He located a copy of the 1/20/89 briefing memo prepared by Rocketdyne's Environmental Unit . 1 Mr . Hoiweger marked on the time chart the agencies that contracted for or purchased the various rockets . He explained that where a missile was a joint Air Force/NASA project, e .g ., the Atlas, the Air Force had probably contracted with Rocketdyne for the development and had purchased some rockets and that NASA had named a "follow on" contract to purchase its own rockets . Such contracts may have existed simultaneously . Mr . Coryell recounted what he and Ms . Keefe had been told by the AFPRO QA people, that for QA purposes , it was necessary to save records concerning the performances of components . Mr . Hoiweger stated that such records need not be maintained on a so-called "expendable" rocket, one which was fired once and not re -used . Once the rocket had been fired, it was gone and the records were no longer needed . He compared expendable rockets to the space shuttle, for which extensive records were maintained, since these space craft are used repeatedly in flights and ground tests .

I B-27

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 6 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666373 I Appendix B SSFL 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

1 Mr . Coryell asked Mr . Holweger about the possible existence of contract records and production contracts . He said the best bet within NASA was to find the records at Huntsville . NASA maintained I a Western Operations Office ( WOO) in Santa Monica from approximately 1962-1970, an office which administered contracts . He believes that when WOO shut down, the records were sent to Huntsville . Mr . Holweger referred TechLaw to SSME's current i contract administrator , Mr . R .B . "Dick" HouchensREDACTED . The other possibility for locating records, in :€act, Mr . Holweger said probably the best chance , would be to locate a longtime 1 Rocketdyne employee who had maintained his own files on rocket- testing . Official files may have been purged according to government directives to close out old files , but Mr . Holweger thought that some people may still have their personal files . I Unfortunately , he knew of no such person . Mr . Holweger also professed no knowledge of Rocketdyne's microfilm library . 1 Mr . Holweger reviewed the time chart and stated the type of fuels used in some of the rocket engines : H - 1 used a mix of kerosene and LAX (mix also known as RP -1) ; F-1, J-2 , SSME all used a mix of LOX S and Hydrogen . Mr . Holweger stated that Atlas rockets are still being produced . He also stated that Thors are being produced , although they are now I known as Deltas . I Mr . Holweger offered to answer other questions over the phone . ( Note : Another Interview Summary for Dennis Holweger can be found 1 in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ) I 1 1

I I 1 B-28

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666374 I Appendix B SSF L 1 January 1990 Interview Summar y

1 Mark Seller 1 Gene Yohe BSBL Rockwell International Corporatio n 1 Rocketdyne Division 1 On January 30, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw conducted a telephone interview with Mr . Zeller of Rocketdyne . Mr . Zeller was referred to Mr . Coryell by Jack Monaghan concerning solvent I purchase records . Mr . Zeller estimated that his records covered the past 10 years or so . I Mr . Zeller stated that notations describing earlier solvent purchases might be contained in the Alfa test stand logbooks, which he also possesses . These books contain entries dating from the 1950's, including those recording engine test firings . Mr . Coryell 1 arranged to meet with Mr . Zeller on the afternoon of February 1, 1990, to review the logbooks .

I Mr . Coryell asked Mr . Zeller if he knew why the decision had been made in 1961 or 1962 to catch and salvage ICE . Mr . Zeller stated that he has been with Rockwell 10 or 11 years and he has no personal knowledge . However , he thought that the reason simply was 1 that a solvent reclaiming outfit offered to buy the used TCE and that Rockwell therefore began saving it and selling it .

1 On February 1, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw met with Mr . Zeller of Rocketdyne to review Alfa area ' s solvent purchase records and logbooks . Alfa is the only area at SSFL still using TCE . Mr . Zeller allowed TechLaw to photocopy his TCE accounting records, which show monthly inventories and shipments received of TCE from 1979 to the present . Mr . Zeller consented to TechLaw borrowing the logbooks, all U of them, for photocopying at Plummer .

Mr . Zeller introduced Mr . Coryell to Mr . Gene 'lobe, a longtime Rocketdyne employee , who is a test firing engineer . Mr . Zeller said Mr . 'lobe understood the reasons for TechLaw's interest in the test logs . However , they cautioned TechLaw that even if the production and R&D contracts were located with washdown specs, a "fudge" factor would still be needed to be employed because the specs were not always followed literally . They explained that many TCE flush tests were conducted in order to determine the proper method . They also cautioned that by focusing only on rocket production, a significant number of R&D tests could be overlooked . They stated that most of the test firings in the early years were 1 R&D related . 1 H-29

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 8 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666375 1 Appendix B SSFL 1 January 1990 Inte rv iew Summary 1 Mr . lobe provided TechLaw with a list of names of people whom he believed would be knowledgeable ( Ref . Doc . No . 0369) .

1 He believes , as stated above , that an accurate estimate of TCE may never be arrived at by trying to multiply the number of tests done by an average number of gallons of TCE used for test . Mr . Yohe 1 thinks a more accurate figure might be arrived at by comparing purchase records against surplus sales records , which would show I the amount of used TCE sold to reclaimers . Mr . lobe did not know exactly when TCE-catching began , he thought the program may have begun in the late 1960's . He stated that test stand photos could pinpoint the date, because the catch tank would 1 be visible in the photos .

According to Mr . Zeller , the catch system consisted of a catch pan I on the test stand , which drained into a carbon still tank . The solvent reclaimer would empty the tank and pay Rockwell by the gallon . Mr . Zeller still believes , after talking with Mr . Yohe, that the motivation for instituting the catch system was economic, 1 i .e ., Rockwell found a buyer for the used TCE . Of course, he stated , since the reason was not environmental, an occasional 1 failure to catch TCE after a test firing may have occurred .

[ Note : Another Inte rv iew Summary for Mark Zeller can be found in 1 the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ] 1 1 i

8-3 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875136 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666376 I Appendix B SSFL 1 January 1990 Interview Summary

Jerry McGrath SSFL Rockwel l

1 On January 30, 1990, Dennis Coryell met with Mr . McGrath to review his files on rocket test firings . Mr . McGrath 's-duties include fuel procurement, and he compiled data on test firings to monitor 1 fuel consumption . Mr . McGrath had charts for test stands Alfa 1 and Alfa 3, covering 1969 to the present ; for Canyon, covering 1963 to 1966 ; and for I Delta, covering 1963 to 1974 . These charts show how many test firings were performed each month and the total duration in seconds of these tests . Mr . McGrath agreed to provide TechLaw with copies 1 of these charts .

Mr . McGrath explained that Alfa 1 was used to test Atlas sustainer 1 and booster rockets . Alfa 3 had been used to test Thor rocket engines . The Thor was later succeeded by the RS-27 and Delta rockets and these were tested on Alfa 3 as well . Canyon 1, 2, and 3 were used to test H-i engines . Delta area was used to test a 1 variety of engines, including Thors, Jupiters, E-ls (a predecessor of the F-1) . Mr . McGrath recalled that the Bowl area had been used to test J-2's and Atlas engines . The Bowl was used for coal 1 gasification and liquefaction and now it is the site of a Navy steam valve project . Bravo area had been used to test Lox circulation pumps . According to Mr . McGrath, no test firing was 1 done there, and he had no records for Bravo . Mr . McGrath introduced Mr . Coryell to Mr . Jim Pulte, who had worked at one time in Delta area . Mr . Pulte had no knowledge concerning I the whereabouts of Delta test fire logbooks . He speculated that they might be in storage in E1 Segundo . 1 Mr . McGrath explained that TCE purges were used only on kerosene- burning engines, namely Navaho, Atlas, Jupiter, Thor, H=1, Saturn 1-B, E-1 (pre F-1), F-i Saturn V (which was tested at Edwards AFB, and RS - 27 Deltas . According to Mr . McGrath , the cone-shaped 1 afterburner section of the rocket is cooled by pumping the super- cooled fuel through pipes running down and then back up the cone to the ignition area . Mr . McGrath stated that the pipes were filled 1 with TCE before ignition so that the introduction of fuel at high pressure would not cause the pipes to burst . The fuel would force the TCE out of the pipes and into the ignition area , where it 1 overflowed into the atmosphere and onto the test pad . 1 I B-31

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875137 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666377 I Appendix B SS FL January 1990 Interview Summary

Mr . McGrath was asked about the years the Air Products ' LOX plant was in operation . He recalled that the plant operated from 1955 to 1971, when another LOX plant in Long Beach was started up .

Mr . Coryell also asked Mr . McGrath about the B-1 engine testing done in Area I . He stated that this site was used to test jet aircraft engines , and that, therefore , he had no knowledge of it . He referred TechLaw generally to Rockwell's Aircraft Division .

[ Note : Another Inte rv iew Summary for Jerry McGrath can be found in the March 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ] 1 i I I 1 1 1

1 I 1 1 I B-32

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875137 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666378 Appendix B SSFL January 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

Frank Will SSFL Engineering Lab Rockwell international corporatio n

On January 30, 1990, Dennis Coryell of TechLaw met with Mr . Will at the Engineering Equipment Lab, Building 301, instead of Mr . Don Pfremmer, who had left early for a personal emergency . Mr . Will I showed Mr . Coryell the EEL's solvent purchase records for the last 10 years, approximately . All records were for TCA, not TCE . They included requisition (25Rs) and unloading standard operating procedures . The EEL uses TCA to clean all parts used in rocket I engine testing . All such parts are disassembled in the lab, cleaned and reassembled . Degreasing machines are used in this operation . Solvent runoff from cleaning is caught and collected in I a 1,500-gallon tank . About once a month, this "dirty" solvent is run through a still and recycled . This process generates approximately 50 gallons of sludge, which is disposed of off-site . TCA is received in a 2,500-gallon tank from where it too is run I through the still and stored in another, "clean," 1,500-gallon tank for usage . Mr . Will confirmed that the EEL also supplies TCA to I the Analytic Lab, which is across the street from EEL . Mr . Will started working at the EEL in 1978 or 1979 . He had no knowledge of what had occurred in previous years, such as when the solvent retrieval system had been started . Mr . Coryell asked Mr . I Will about the reason for the change from TCE to TCA . He did not have personal knowledge, but he speculated that TCE may have been thought to be too volatile .

The TCA records confirmed what Mr . Pfremmer had told Mr . Coryell over the phone , usually, that the EEL buys 2,000 gallons of TCA approximately every 6 months .

Mr . Will also described the use of TCE in cleaning a rocket engine after a test fire . He confirmed what Mr . McGrath had stated, that only kerosene burning engines were cleaned in this fashion . Mr . Wills stated that kerosene left hydrocarbon deposits behind that needed to be eliminated . Other fuels, usually alcohol and hydrogen, did not leave these deposits and, therefore, did not create the need for cleaning . Mr . will also confirmed that fuel I was pumped down and up the cone (thrust chamber) in pipes befor e

I B-33

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875137 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666379 I Appendix B SSFL January 1990 Interview summary I

ignition for cooling purposes . After a test fire , Mr . Will stated that these pipes would be filled with TCE until the fuel injectors overflowed . The pipes were then cleaned of TCE with a gaseous nitrogen purge .

Mr . Will confirmed what Mark Zeller had told TechLaw , namely that Alfa was the only area at SSFL still using TCE , because the Atlas and Delta rocket production specifications still called for use of TCE . -

Mr . will's understanding of the solvent catch system is that there are pans underneath the test stands into which the solvent drains . From these pans , solvent is " ducted" into waste tanks . I I I I I I I I I I I I

B-3 4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751373 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666380 I

I I March 1990 Interview s I The following interv iews were conducted in person , during the week of March 19-23, 1990 , by Dennis Coryell and Christopher Roman of I TechLaw, Inc ., at the Canoga/SSFL facilities . All these inte rv iews were tape-recorded , with the exception of Don Clarke's on March 22 .

I A telephone interview was conducted by Dennis Coryell with Dennis Holweger on March 20 . This interview was also not recorded .

Although many of the same persons were interviewed in March as in I January , they are presented here as separate summaries in order to prese rve the continuity of the information as it was received . I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751374 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666381 I Appendix B SSFL March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

APPENDIX B

88PL

March 1990 Interviews

Interviewee Paae I Clarke , Donald ...... B-52 Condiff , John ...... B-51 Crone , Jennifer . .( April 1990 ) ...... B-57 I Durbin , Bruce L . (Group Inte rv iew ) ...... B-49 Fujikawa , Norma S ...... B-46 Hiroyasu , Kiyoshi ( Mike) ...... B-4 2 1 *Holweger , Dennis ...... B-38 Hood, Robin S ., Sr ...... B-44 *Lafflam, Steve . . . . ( April 1990 ) ...... B-57 I *Lang, James F . (Group Inte rv iew) ...... B-47 *McGrath , Gerald L . (Group Interview ) ...... 3-47 *Monaghan , John H . (Group Inte rv iew ) ...... 5-49 *Pfremmer , Donovan S ...... B-43 I *Riggs , Donald B ...... B-5 4 Ross, Paul A ...... B-41 Schmued, Rolf D ...... B-39 I Schrag , Fred C ...... B-3 7 *Williams, James R ...... B-5 3 *Wooster , Elaine . .(July 1990) ...... B-6 4 I *Zeller, Mark R . (Group Interview) ...... B-4 9

I * - This person was inte rv iewed previously in January . A separate interv iew summary for that inte rv iew is presented in the January 1990 Inte rviews section found on I page B-1 of this Appendix .

I B-36

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAO8751375 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 HDMSp01666382 I Appendix B SSF L I March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

I Fred C . Schrag

On the morning of March 20 , 1990, Mr . Fred Schrag was inte rv iewed . I Mr . Schrag began working for the Atomics International Division of North American Aviation in 1962 . He is still employed by Atomics International .

I In the early 1980 ' s, he became involved in an experimental procedure designed to convert coal into gas . He stayed with the program for 1-1/2 years as operations manager .

I The tests were conducted at SSFL in the Bowl area on Vertical Test Stand II . Coal was burned under high pressure with hydrogen and oxygen and then forced into a reactor chamber . The process yielded I gas and liquids that were collected and sampled . The gases were burned and the liquids stored in 55-gallon d ru ms . The liquids contained hydrocarbons such as benzene , toluene, and xylene . The I drums were stored for a period in the Bowl area and were later disposed of as hazardous wastes . Wastes from the process included char , a tarry substance , and cinders . They were cleaned from the hardware after every test was run . In cleaning the test apparatus I for subsequent tests , Mr . Schrag did not recall the use of any solvents . The wastes were stored in drums at the Bowl area and later disposed of as hazardous wastes . I

I B-37

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751376 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666383 I Appendix 5 SSF L I March 1990 Interview summary

I Dennis Holweger

On March 20, 1990, Dennis Coryell conducted a telephone interview I with Mr . Holweger . Mr . Coryell asked Mr . Holweger about NASA work being performed under USAF Facilities Contract . Mr . Holweger explained that I Government regulations permit only one Facilities Contract per facility . If NASA wanted to have work done at the USAF plants, NASA would transfer funds to the USAF for the USAF to "spend" under the Facilities Contract . The funding arrangement was called MIP ; I Mr . Holweger did not know what the acronym stood for ("-?- Interagency Procurement, was his best guess) .

I When asked about so-called "follow-on" contracts that began as USAF and later became NASA, like the Atlas, Mr . Holweger explained that NASA would order rocket engines built according to the I specifications set out in the USAF design . He said that NASA could not make any changes in specs or in drawings and that design responsibility would remain with the USAF . He explained that, in I essence, NASA would refer to the USAF design and order a duplicate .

I [Note : Another Interview Summary for Dennis Holweger can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ] I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751377 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666384 I Appendix B SSF L I March 1990 Interview Summary

I Rolf D . Sohmue e

On the afternoon of March 20, 1990, Mr . Rolf Schmued was I inte rv iewed . Mr . Schmued was employed by Rockwell International, Inc ., and its corporate predecessors for almost 40 years . During the early part of his tenure , he worked primarily for the industrial engineering department . From 1970 until 1986, he was I the company ' s environmental administrator .

Although Mr . Schmued had extensive knowledge of the operations at both the Canoga facility and the SSFL, he was more knowledgeable I about the Canoga facility . He stated that the degreasing of metals with solvents has been a standard industrial practice for many years . Later , perhaps in the 1950's, scientists and engineers II realized that rocket engines must be free of hydrocarbon deposits before liquid oxygen could be run through them . For both of these reasons, most metal parts were degreased prior to assembly and some I might even be degreased several times before leaving the plant . All of the degreasers that he could remember were vapor degreasers, nonportable , and equipped with distillation units . In the vapor degreasing process, solvent vapors condensed on the metal parts I being cleaned and then dripped back into the degreasing pit . The dirty solvent was then run through a distillation unit and reused . After extensive use, the solvent was pumped out and the degreaser I refilled with new solvent . Prior to usage , the solvents were stored in 55-gallon drums in a warehouse at the Canoga facility .

According to Mr . Schmued, when the groundwater contamination was I first discovered at the plant, RIC investigated the possibility o f solvent leakage through the concrete pits and discovered that concrete was not impe rv ious to TCE and TCA . I

I I

I B-39

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751378 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666385 Appendix B SSF L March 1990 Interview Summary

Mr . Schmued did not have as much contact with SSFL until he became I environmental administrator in 1970 . Concerning the use of TCE at the flight lab he did not think that the solvent used to flush engines was collected until sometime in the 1970's . He thought that only kerosene-burning engines--the Jupiter, Thor, Atlas, MB-3, I and Delta engines--needed to be flushed with TCE after firing . Aircraft engines that were tested at SSFL did not require TCE flushing . The equipment lab at SSFL also used TCE until it I converted to TCA around 1974 .

Mr . Schmued was aware of two landfills at SSFL . One was located behind the maintenance shop and was operated before he had much I contact with SSFL . He believed that only hardware, not chemicals, were disposed of there . A second landfill was in Area II . Numerous chemicals , possibly some from Canoga, were buried there . I The drums that contained these chemicals were later unearthed under Mr . Schmued' s supe rv ision and properly disposed of as hazardous wastes . LI

B-4 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751379 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666386 I Appendix S SSF L I March 1990 Interview Summary

I Paul A . Ros s

I On the morning of March 21, 1990, Mr . Paul Ross was interviewed . Mr . Ross has been vice-president of quality assurance and systems I safety at Canoga since 1987 . Because of his brief tenure at the facility, he had little historical information about it s operations .

I On a map of the Canoga facility , Mr . Ross did locate one vapor degreaser in the Main Building , or the former AFP No . 56 . This unit, found in the chemical processing area , stands aboveground on I gratings with catch pans below . Any batch of solvent used at this or any other degreaser, that does not meet company specifications, is mixed with an approved batch to bring the mixture up to I specifications . Mr . Ross explained that freon is used as a cleaning agent for critical machine parts . He knew little about the chemical's use at 1 Canoga, but has seen it wiped on machinery at other manufacturing facilities . I

B-41

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751380 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666387 Appendix B SSFL I March 1990 Interview Summary

I Kiyoshi ( Mike ) Hiroyasu

On the morning of March 21, 1990, Mr . Mike Hiroyasu was interviewed . Mr . Hiroyasu began working for Rocketdyne in 1957 an d I is still employed by the company . He started as a test engineer on the Atlas program in the Bravo II area and later worked on various other programs and in other test areas . As a result of his background , he had considerable knowledge about engine testing operations at SSFL .

Mr . Hiroyasu confirmed that only engines that burned RP-1, a I special type of kerosene , needed to be flushed with trichloroethylene ( TCE) . He identified the Atlas , H-1, Thor, and Delta engines as being kerosene burners and all as being about the I same size . Prior to any hot test firing , both the liquid oxygen dome and the thrust chamber jacket of each engine needed to be purged of any hydrocarbon deposits . These deposits , if mixed with liquid oxygen, could cause an explosion . The engines were flushed I with TCE according to specifications devised by the Engine System Development Group of Rocketdyne . Mr . Hiroyasu ' s could not recall how much solvent was used during this process . His best guess was 1 that the flushing of the two components required approximately 5 gallons of TCE each . TCE was run through the liquid oxygen dome for a specified period of time , which Mr . Hiroyasu could not I recall . The thrust chamber tubes were filled with TCE, which remained in the tubes for a certain amount of time , which, again, Mr . Hiroyasu could not recall . Afterwards , the engines were drained of any remaining solvent and blown dry with gaseous I nitrogen . He was certain that at one time the TCE would simply drop from the engine into a spillway and then run into a collection pond . The ponds , he pointed out, were constructed , not just I natural formations . Mr . Hiroyasu did not know when catch pans for the TCE were introduced or when trichloroethane ( TCA) began to replace TCE for some operations . He was not working on Atlas engines when the catch pans were introduced . He estimated that his I first 5-1/2 years at SSFL were spent working on Atlases .

Turbopumps were also hot-test - fired at SSFL . In these tests, I liquid oxygen ran through the turbopump and water through the fuel pump . Because kerosene was not burned , TCE flushing was not I necessary .

I I I B-42

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA08751381 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666388 I Appendix B SSFL 1 March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

I Donovan 8 . Pfremmer

On the morning of March 21, 1990, Mr . Don Pfremmer was interviewed . Mr . Pfremmer has been employed by Rocketdyne since 1958 . He worked for 26 years as a mechanic and, for the last 6-1/2 years, has been manager of the equipment laboratory at SSFL . Mr .. Pfremmer also served a brief stint at Canoga in the late 1960's .

When he first started at SSFL, Mr . Pfremmer was assigned to an acid bay used for cleaning parts in the equipment laboratory . The cleaning unit used trichloroethylene (TCE) that wa$ gravity fed I through pipes from an outside storage tank to the cleaning area . Mr . Pfremmer acknowledged that occasionally some of the solvent would spill onto the floor and run into the sewer system . After 1 being used, most of the dirty TCE would collect in a 3,000-gallon tank buried outside . A vendor would come every so often to pump the collection tank out and haul the ICE away . The acid bay area used approximately 12,000 gallons of TCE annually .

About 15 to 20 years ago, the acid bay switched from TCE to trichloroethane (TCA) . Mr . Pfremmer could not remember why the change had taken place or who had ordered the switch . Approximately 10 years ago, the laboratory began recycling the TCA . He thought that the test stands, where TCE is still used, only began using catch pans for the solvent in the last 5 or 10 years .

[Note : Another Interview Summary for Don Pfremmer can be found in 1 the January 1990 Inte rv iews section of this Appendix . )

1 I

B-4 3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751382 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666389 I Appendix B SSFL I March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

I Robin S . Hood, Sr .

I,- On the afternoon of March 21 , 1990, Mr . Robin Hood was inte rv iewed . Mr . Hood began working for Rocketdyne as a draftsman in 1954, but I has served as a design engineer for most of the past 35 years . His duties have included designing the original test facilities at SSFL and designing and redesigning various other facilities at both SSFL I and Canoga Park . He proved to be very knowledgeable about both sites .

Mr . Hood first talked about SSFL . He described a test stand as I being built into the hillside with the test engine being level with the road behind the stand , and with the liquid oxygen and fuel tanks hanging above the engine . Below the engine and dug into the I hillside , was a flame bucket that connected with a concrete spillway . The spillway ran into an unlined pond holding pond, although the original spillways did not reach all the way to the pond . The ponds were natural depressions that were later excavated I and dammed . The water that collected in the ponds was pumped into holding tanks and used for subsequent tests . The concrete (gunite) spillways were eventually extended all the way to the ponds . I Storage tanks for trichloroethylene ( TCE) were not part of the initial design for test stands , and Mr . Hood could not be sure when I the tanks were added . He also did not know when catch pans for the TCE were installed .

I B-44

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA08751383 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666390 I Appendix S SSF L March 1990 Interv iew Summary

When asked about the use of freon, Mr . Hood stated that it was used to clean parts, but that he did not know the cleaning process . To the best of his knowledge, freon was utilized only in Manufacturing Building 1 . Toluene and xylene were used for chemical processing, I but, again, he did not know the procedure . 1 1

1 1

B- 45 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751384 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666391 Appendix B SSF L March 1990 Interview Summary

Norma S . Fujikawa

On the afternoon of March 21, 1990, Ms . Norma Fujikawa was inte rv iewed . Ms . Fujikawa came to Rocketdyne in 1958 as a researc h I engineer . For over 25 years , she worked in the analytical chemistry laboratory at SSFL, and for 20 of those years, she se rved as the facility' s manager . In 1986, she transferred to the I Environmental Unit to work on the SSFL and Canoga aquifer tasks . In her years in the laboratory at SSFL, Ms . Fujikawa's duties included sampling the water in the collection ponds for I contaminants and analyzing propellants . Although she did not work at the test stands, she believed that the catching of trichloroethylene (TCE) at the stands began in 1961 . Her I recollection was based on a chronology of events by Mr . James Bowman, a Rocketdyne employee . This document was eventually presented to the RWQCB . When asked about the figure showing I 150,000 rocket tests by 1961, she stated that the figure could represent all types of tests , not just rocket tests . She could not remember when the laboratory started recycling ICE or when certain operations formerly requiring TCE switched to trichloroethane I (TCA) .

Ms . Fujikawa then explained haw her department was instrumental in I discovering the TCE groundwater contamination at SSFL . In the late 1970's, one of Rocketdyne's competitors, Aerojet, which performed operations similar to those conducted at SSFL, began finding contamination in its wells . Michael Francis of Rocketdyne's 0 Environmental Engineering Department, concluded that SSFL might have a similar problem . He began sampling the well water from the flight laboratory and, with the help of Ms . Fujikawa's laboratory, I found traces of TCE in the samples . Mr . Francis followed this discovery by sending questionnaires concerning past and present TCE usage to every manager at SSFL . The data collected from these questionnaires led to conclusions as to the sources of I contamination . Mr . Bowman used this information to prepare his chronology .

I Ms . Fujikawa pointed out that, throughout her years at Rocketdyne, she has worked under the close supervision of both United States Air Force and National Aeronautics and Space Administration I officials . Both of these government organizations had volumes of specifications that Ms . Fujikawa's laboratory would have to follow . The data on which these specifications were based came from a I variety of sources , including Rocketdyne .

I B-46

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751385 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666392 I Appendix B SSFL March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

1 James F . Lan g I Gerald L . McGrat l

On the morning of March 22 , 1990, Mr . Jim Lang and Mr . Gerald McGrath were inte rv iewed together . Mr . McGrath - spoke first . He has been with Rocketdyne for 33 years . His first years were spent 1 as a mechanic on one of the test stands . In 1962, he became responsible for ordering, accounting for, and forecasting the use of all Government procured propellants used at SSFL . He still holds this position .

During his years as a mechanic , Mr . McGrath worked on the Bravo III test stand . At that time, the stand was used for testing turbopumps for the Atlas sustainer engine . Mr . McGrath explained that a gas generator was used to spin the turbines in the turbopump being tested . Propellants were burned only in the gas generator, not in the turbopump . Consequently, neither the turbopump nor the gas generator , which did not use liquid oxygen, had to be flushed with trichloroethylene (TCE) after a test firing .

Mr . McGrath did not know when TCE catch pans were implemented . He stated that for more R&D engine tests were performed than production tests, which are done on a finished engine prior to 1 sale . He also stated that the figure of 150,000 tests done by 1962 might reflect both component and engine tests .

When he became chief handler of propellants, Mr . McGrath became 0 responsible for a large number of chemicals . These materials, kerosene , alcohol, methane, etc ., have always been obtained from Kelly Air Force Base and charged to the relevant contractor . Kelly Air Force Base then bills the appropriate party . In performing his duties, Mr . McGrath has never worked under personal government supe rv ision , although a United States Air Force office has always monitored the different contracts that his work supports . Mr . I McGrath generally described the liquid oxygen manufacturing process as one in which air is subjected to extremely cold temperatures . At one point, liquid oxygen precipitates out, and at another, liquid nitrogen .

Mr . Lang has been technical operations manager for advanced program tests for the past 6 years . He is responsible for a large number of areas at SSFL . Previously, he worked in nuclear operations at Atomics International for 20 years .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751386 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666393 Appendix s SSFL I March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

1 Despite his long list of responsibilities at SSFL, Mr . Lang knew of relatively little solvent usage there . Several areas have used trichloroethane ( TCA), freon , or acetone for cleaning purposes, but I these tasks have been performed primarily with only small amounts of solvents , using squeeze bottles , brushes, and rags . Mr . Lang did not know when catch pans for TCE were introduced at the test stands, but remembered that they were in place at least by March ,I 1984 . During the past 6 years, vapor degreasers have been in place in the areas under Mr . Lang's supervision . i Mr . Lang also has not worked under any direct Government superv ision . Still, he stated that Air Force personnel inspect the manufacture of hypergolic igniters and observe the testing of the 1 Peacekeeper missile .

[Note : Another Interview Summary for James Lang can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

[ote : Another Interview Summary for Gerald McGrath can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

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CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751387 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666394 Appendix B SSF L March 1990 Inte rv iew summary

Bruce L . Durbin

Johh H . Monaghan

Mark R . Zeller s

On the afternoon of March 20, 1990, Mr . Bruce Durbin, Mr . Jack 1 Monaghan , and Mr . Mark Zeller were inte rv iewed together . Mr . Durbin spoke first . He has been at SSFL for only a short period o f time and had little historical knowledge about the facility . In his brief tenure at the flight laboratory, he has had no contact I with any operations that use large amounts of solvents .

Mr . Monaghan was inte rv iewed next . He came to SSFL in 1957 as a 1 development engineer . Over the years , he has held a number of different positions . Among other duties, he has managed engine testing on the J-2 program and engine component testing on the 1 Space Shuttle Main Engine program . For the last 4 years, he has been director of all test firings at SSFL .

Concerning the use of trichloroethylene (TCE) at SSFL, Mr . Monaghan i remembered that kerosene -burning engines were being flushed with the solvent when he started in 1957 . Apparently, the explosion of a liquid oxygen dome , a component of a rocket engine , had helped to alert Rocketdyne engineers to the importance of removing hydrocarbon deposits from an engine before a test firing . According to Mr . Monaghan , approximately 40 to 50 gallons of TCE are used per chamber to flush an engine . Mr . Zeller , who currently I keeps track of such figures, agreed with Mr . Monaghan . Mr . Monaghan could not recall when catch pans for the TCE were installed on the test stands , but did think that they were in place 1 around 1977 . In an interesting footnote, Mr . Monaghan added that the H-1 engine, a kerosene burner, did not normally require flushing with TCE . His I recollection was that the engine was designed with a purge system that eliminated hydrocarbon deposits without the use of a solvent . TCE purging was necessary only if a test firing was aborted or I otherwise shut down . Mr . Monaghan did not have direct communications with Government i officials when developing engines, but was aware of their presence . Mr . Zeller was the final member of the group to speak . He came to SSFL in June 1978 and has spent most of the subsequent years as a member of the test organization . He is currently acting manager of test firings of expendable launch vehicles . I

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Mr . Zeller explained that different engines have different numbers of chambers . For example, the RS-27 engine has only one chamber, while the Atlas engine has three, two booster chambers and one sustainer . Both of these kerosene engines are tested in the Alfa Area, the only test area where TCE flushing is still permitted . Mr . Zeller maintains an inventory of TCE used at the Alfa area . Based on these records, he was able to calculate that approximately 30 to 40 gallons of TCE are used to flush an Atlas sustainer, compared to 40 to 50 gallons of TCE for a Delt& RS-27 or one Atlas I booster . The TCE is trucked in and stored in a 3,000-gallon tank located in the Alfa-area . From the large storage tank, the solvent is piped to smaller tanks on the two test stands . From there, the TCE flows 1 for approximately 30 seconds through lines connected to an engine chamber . After sitting in the chamber for about 5 minutes, the TCE is drained into pans that conduct the spent solvent into a reclaim 1 tank . Independent haulers drain the reclaim tank periodically and take the solvent away .

[Note : Another Interview Summary for John Monaghan can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

[Note : Another Interview Summary for Mark Zeller can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875138 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666396 Appendix B SSF L March 1990 Interview Summary

John H . Condif f

on the afternoon of March 22, 1990, Mr . John Condiff was interviewed . Mr . Condiff retired January 31, 1990, after having worked for Rocketdyne for over 33 years . He started in 1956 as a test engineer at SSFL and later se rved stints at Rocketdyne facilities at Edwards Air Force Base , at Canoga Park, and in Alabama . At SSFL, he initially worked in the Bowl area on Atlases, Thors, and Navahos . Mr . Condiff stated that the G-26 was a 2- engine Navaho cluster that burned LOX and alcohol and that the 0-38 was 3-engine Navaho cluster that burned LOX and kerosene . When Mr . Condiff reviewed the chart prepared by Elaine Wooster, based on Les . Reed's records, he stated that the numbers contained therein were incomplete . For example, he stated that more than 24 tests had 1 been done at Bravo-1B by 1958 . His earlier duties included designing and modifying equipment for the various test stands . As new engines were developed, he would either build new stands or adapt existing facilities for testing the engines . He mentioned that each test area at SSFL had one large storage tank for trichloroethylene (TCE) . Still, because he was away from SSFL during most of the 1960' s and 1970's, he did not know when catch pans for the TCE were installed on the test stands . He was sure that the pans were in place when he returned to SSFL in late 1979, and thought that they had been introduced much earlier in the 1970's . He also believed that the laboratories at SSFL had begun recycling TCE in the early 1970' s . His first recollection of trichloroethane (TCA) usage at the flight laboratory was in 1980 .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875139 0 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666397 Appendix S SSF L March 1990 Interview Summary

Donald Clarke

On the afternoon of March 22, 1990, Mr . Don Clarke was inte rv iewed . Mr . Clarke worked for Rocketdyne for many years until his recent retirement . He was introduced by Mr . John Condiff . The interview was brief and unrecorded . I Mr . Clarke worked at a test stand in the Alfa area of SSFL in the early 1960's . He thought that the catching of trichloroethylene ('ICE) began in the very early 1960's ; he was certain that the catching process had started by 1964, when testing for the Atlas 1 program moved to Neosho, Missouri .

The procedure began by removing four drain plugs from the bottom of 1 an engine that was full of TCE, which began to drain immediately . Catch pans were raised and held in place by hand beneath the engine . The solvent that was caught went into a storage tank and 1 was sold to a recycler . What TCE was not captured flowed down a spillway and into one of the reclamation ponds . Rocketdyne management did not closely monitor the process . The amount of solvent that was collected depended on how quickly the catch pan 1 was positioned beneath the engine . Sometimes, no attempt at all was made to recapture the solvent . At this time, the catching of I TCE was done for economic, not environmental reasons . In the later 1970's, Gene Yohe proposed a new design for catch pans, so that more solvent could be recaptured . The plan was 1 adopted, and Mr . Yohe received a company award . 1 1 1 1 1 I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751391 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666398 I Appendix B SSF L 1 March 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

1 James R . Williams 1 On the morning of March 23, 1990, Mr . Rick Williams was interviewed . Mr . Williams worked as a Rocketdyne employee at SSFL 1 in the early 1960's and has worked as a civilian employee for the United States Air Force at Canoga Park since 1978 . He is currently the quality assurance branch chief at the Air Force Plant I Representative Office (AFPRO) for Canoga . Mr . Williams was more knowledgeable about operations at the Canoga facility than at SSFL . He explained that his office is responsible for checking the work being done at the plant against the standards set by both Rocketdyne and the government . He also mentioned that the AFPRO office must see that quality requirements are being met on all work done for the Government, not just on projects for the Air Force .

Through his work, Mr . Williams has become acquainted with degreasing operations at Canoga , but he has never been directly involved with the process . He was able to identify two units in the Main Building , but could explain little about them . When asked about the use of freon , he could not think of any part of the Canoga facility that used the substance . I Mr . Williams also mentioned that the Material Building has been used for the Space Shuttle Main Engine program since 1985 . Manufacturing Building 1 is used for the Peacekeeper missile program, an Air Force project, and was used prior to 1978 for the I Lance missile , a United States Army weapon .

I [Nate : Another Inte rv iew Summary for James Williams can be found in the January 1990 Inte rv iews section of this Appendix . ] I I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751392 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666399 I Appendix 5 SSF L March 1990 Interview Summary

I Donald B . Riggs

On the morning of March 23 , 1990, Mr . Don Riggs was inte rviewed . Mr . Riggs joined Rocketdyne in 1963 and worked as a mechanic and as I an inspector at both Canoga and SSFL for almost 20 years . In 1981, he moved to the Defense Contract Administration, Services (DCAS), the predecessor to AFPRO . Currently, he is a section supervisor o n I the space Shuttle Main Engine program (SSME) .

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CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA08751393 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666400 I Appendix a SSF L I March 1990 Interview Summary

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875139 4 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666401 Appendix B SSF L I March 1990 Interview Summary

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[Note : Another Inte rv iew Summary for Donald Riggs can be found in the January 1990 Interviews section of this Appendix . ]

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875139 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666402 Appendix s .SSF L April 1990 Inte rv iew Summary

I Steve Lafflam I Jennifer Cron e Environmental Unit Rockwell International Corporatio n I Rocketdyne Divisio n I On April 3-4, 1990, Veronica Keefe and Dennis Coryell , TechLaw staff , conducted an interview by telephone with Steven R . Lafflam I and Jennifer T . Crone, both employees in Rocketdyne's Environmental Unit . Mr . Lafflam has been with Rocketdyne since April 1985, and has been the Environmental Unit Manager since 1988 . Ms . Crone has been with Rocketdyne since 1988 . Ms . Crone is the lead engineer 1 for the remediation activities and is the Project Engineer at the Canoga plant site for groundwater cleanup . I The purpose of the inte rv iew was to discuss plant operations as they relate to the contamination detected in the groundwater underlying the site . The discussion involved Mr . Lafflam and Ms . Crone providing an overview of various plant operations, their I associated waste streams, and a description of any underground storage units associated with these operations . I I I I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751397 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666404 I Appendix B SSFL I April 1990 Interview Summary

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751398 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666405 Appendix B SSF L I April 1990 Interview Summary

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751399 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666406 Appendix B SSF L I April 1990 Interview Summary

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751401 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666408 I Appendix B SSFL I April 1990 Inte rv iew summary

I With regards to the Santa Susana Field Laboratory , the Hargis reports and GRC reports refer to 8 , 000 rocket tests as the total number of TCE test fires . The NASA briefing prepared by RIC had a time table of rocket engine tests ; it indicated by 1961 there had I been 150,000 rocket engine tests . Mr . Lafflam stated that this number included any component , turbopump , gas generator and part of the total structure . He stated that the figure of 8,000 tests I applies to complete rocket engines .

TechLaw inquired about the use of Freon at SSFL . Mr . Lafflam stated that it is one of the few solvents used on certain NTO I (nitrogen tetroxide ) systems , where NTO is compatible with derivatives left by the Freon . The Peacekeeper and some other rockets that use NTO as the oxidizer side, are cleaned with Freon . I The liquid oxygen was kept under pressure , this makes the oxygen liquid . Freon was not used as a refrigerant .

Mr . Lafflam stated that the catch pan system was installed in 1961 . I It was put in place to start reclaiming the TCE for economic reasons . That is why the 8,000 test fires are listed only to 1961, since the TCE was captured after this date . In the early 1970's I the aerospace programs were downsized .

With regards to the cost allocation, Rockwell is concerned not I about the past costs but is more concerned about an agreement regarding future costs . Rocketdyne would like to charge this off by a method other than in its overhead . The company is posting to the State of California long term post closures costs which are I millions of dollars, for long - term operation and Maintenance . This is where Rocketdyne wants a fair negotiated settlement . I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751402 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666409 I Appendix B SSFL I July 1990 Interview summary

I Elaine Wooster

Rockwell I July 6 and 12, 199 0

I On July 6 and 12, 1990, Ms . Elaine Wooster was contacted by Veronica Keefe of TechLaw, to clarify several points that had arisen during TechLaw's research . TechLaw was informed by Ms . I Wooster on June 29, 1990, that she had replaced Mr . Steve Lafflam as TechLaw 's point of contact for the Canoga/SSFL projects .

On July 6, TechLaw inquired about a formal response from RIC I regarding the lack of solvent purchase records . Ms . Wooster is waiting for an Internal Letter (IR) which will describe the purchase and record- keeping process (Paint Store ) . The IR will I note that the historical solvent purchase and disposal records have been destroyed and are no longer available for review . Once the IR has been prepared , a copy will be forwarded to TechLaw .

I TechLaw asked if the solvents were ever supplied by the Government . Ms . Wooster stated that she was not sure . She suspected that it was probably bid out, although, under emergency needs , the solvent I may have been supplied by the government .

On July 6, TechLaw asked Ms . Wooster to check with Mr . Jim Bowman I regarding the 1961 date for the installation of the catch pans . TechLaw explained that we would like an understanding of how Mr . Bowman determined that year, noting that during the interview task, we received varying start dates, but none could be substantiated to I refute the 1961 date .

On July 12, Ms . Wooster indicated that she had spoken to Mr . Bill I Costas , who was the Engineer in Charge ( EIC) of the test stand area . He recalls that a funnel system was installed at the test stands in 1961 as an economic measure, to capture the solvent wash I for recycling . Ms . Wooster stated that a lot of work was done at the test stands during the late 1950 's until about 1963 . By the end of 1963, I Rocketdyne had completed most of its developmental testing and had transferred its qualification testing to the Neosho facility . In approximately the late 1967/1968 time period, the catch system at I the Alpha stand was improved . The Alpha stand was the only stand using hydrocarbon fuels , since the J-2, H-1, and ultimately the Shuttle, used LOX and hydrogen . These engines were tested at Coca . The RP and JP were hydrocarbon fuels used in the F-1, and required I the washing of the engines with TCE .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751403 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666410 I

TechLaw asked for additional information on the ECL at SSFL on July 6 . Ms . Wooster stated that the ECL was constructed to perform I contract work . RIC had specific propellant requirements that were not cost effective to subcontract to a supplier . Most of the ECL contracts were for DOD ; the Lance contract was a big one . The ECL I was also used to monitor the water quality in the ponds so that there would not be any harmful discharge to the creeks . Lab work for the ponds was probably charged to overhead, unless a pond was dedicated to a particular program, and then the lab work would have I been billed as a specific contract charge .

On July 12, Ms . Wooster elaborated on activities at the ECL . The I ECL lab is approximately 95 percent contract work (AF and Navy), and 5 percent overhead . The lab does such things as nitrofluorine chemistry, advanced binders, and other exotic chemistry . She I reiterated her last discussion with TechLaw, noting that RIC's contract often had exacting requirements for small quantities of exotic fuels that local vendors were not willing to produce . Basically, the purpose of the ECL is as a business center . A lot I of work for the Lance was done there .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751404 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666411 Appendix 5 SSF L I July 1990 Interview Summary

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I APPENDIX C PROPERTY HISTORY NARRATIVE

I SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7 I

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I APPENDIX C

I PROPERY HISTORY NARRATIVE SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL) I AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7

I Needing an isolated spot to test the company ' s rocket engines, North American Aviation ( hereinafter " NAA") began in 1947 to lease I land in the Santa Susana Mountains . In 1954, NAA started buying property at the same location and would later sell some of that land to the United States Government . The test site, later known as the Santa Susana Field Laboratory ( hereinafter "SSFL"), I eventually grew to cover over 2,500 acres in Ventura County, California .

I Part of the land that NAA would buy in the Simi Hills, the foothills of the Santa Susana Mountains , was owned by Ida Dundas . In a Lease recorded on April 29 , 1947, in Book 786, Page 164, Ida Dundas leased to NAA a portion of land ( RCK 31058A - 31058E) known I as Tract "A " as per map of the land of the Simi Land and Water Company , entitled " Map of the Simi Rancho ," as recorded in Book 3 of Miscellaneous Records , at Page 7, in the office of the County I Recorder of Ventura County ( RCK 31058A - 31058E ) . The lease described the property as follows : I Beginning on the easterly boundary line of Tract "A," Rancho Simi 1000' North of the SE corner of said Tract " A" : This is the point of beginning .

I Thence : North along the said easterly boundary line of said Tract "A" approximately 3535 ' to a point, which point is at the center intersection of the I Dayton Canyon Motor Way with the easterly boundary of said Tract "A" ;

Thence : In a northwesterly direction approximately I 2170' to a point, which point is approximately 1590' West and at right angles to the easterly boundary line of said Tract "A" and which is the center of I the junction of the Dayton Canyon Motor way with the Burro's Flat Motor Way ;

Thence : West approximately 3690 ' to a point and a I line which is parallel to and 5280' West to the easterly boundary of said Tract "A" ;

I Thence ; South along a line parallel to and 5280' _ the easterly boundary line of said Tract "A" approximately 6045' to a point, which point is th e I C- 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751407 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666414 I

I intersection of said line with the southern boundary line of said Tract "A" ;

I Thence : East along said southern boundary line to a point which is 1000' West of the SE corner of Trac t "A u 1 1 Thence : North 1000' to a point, which point i s 1000' West of and at right angles to the easterly I boundary of Tract "A" ; Thence : Easterly to the point of beginning .

I The lessee had the right to cancel the agreement at the expiration of the third, sixth, ninth, or twelfth year of the 15- year term . During the first 3 years, NAA also had the option to purchase a portion of the leased premises described as (RCK 31058D, I RCK 31054) :

"Beginning on the easterly boundary line of Tract I "A", Rancho Simi, 1000' North of the S .E . corner of said Tract "A" . This is the point of beginning . I Thence : North along the said easterly boundary line of said Tract " A" approximately 35351 plus or minus to a point, which point is at the center intersection of the Dayton Canyon Motor Way with the I easterly boundary of said Tract "A" ;

Thence : In a northwesterly direction approximately I 2170' plus or minus to a point, which point is approximately 1590' plus or minus west and at right angles to the easterly boundary line of said Tract "A" and which is the center of the junction of the P Dayton Canyon Motor Way with the Burro's Flat Motor Way ;

I Thence : Southwest approximately 390 45' from a line which is parallel to the south boundary of said Tract "A" and approximately 1325' to a point which is approximately 2675' East of the westerly boundary I of said Tract "A" ;

Thence : West approximately 39° 45' and approximately I 2675' to a point and a line which is 5280' West of the easterly boundary and approximately 5200' from the southerly boundary of said Tract "A" ; I Thence : South along a line parallel to and 5280' plus or minus west of the easterly boundary line of said Tract "A" 5200 plus or minus to a point, which I point is the intersection of said line with the southern boundary line of said Tract "A" ; I C-2 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751408 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666415 I

I Thence : East along said southern boundary line to a point which is 1000' West of the S .E . corner of I Tract "A" ; Thence : North 1000' to a point which point is 1000' West of and at right angles to the easterly boundary I of Tract "A" ; Thence : Easterly to the point of beginning . " I Two years later, an Amendment to Lease executed on July 29, 1949, and recorded on August 24, 1949, in Book 867, Page 362 (RCK 31059 - 31074), redefined the properties described in the original I Dundas lease . The areas were redescribed according to a survey prepared in 1948 , and recorded on September 22 of that year, in Book 14, Record of Surveys , at Page 11 ( RCK 31057 - 31058 ) . Thus, the total area covered by the lease was now, defined as (RCK 31061 - I 31062) ;

"Beginning at the southeast corner of Tract "A", I Rancho Simi ; thence, 1000' northerly along the easterly boundary of said Tract "A" to a 1 1/2" iron pipe monument ; this is the true point of beginning . I Thence : North 00 03' 35" West along the Ventura and Los Angeles County line, a distance of 2240 .89' to a County Surveyor' s monument ; I Thence : North 00 10' 40" East 1281 .56' to a monument , cut spike and tin ; I Thence : North 600 06' 10" West 1788 .06' to a monument 1 1/2" x 4' iron pipe in concrete with brass plug marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 I ; Thence : South 89 ° 55' 55" West 3727 .17' to a monument , 1 1/2" x 4' iron pipe set in concrete wit h I brass plug marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ;

Thence : South 00 10' 40" West 2162 .96' ; I Thence : South 00 03' 35" East, a distance of 2783 .95 ' to a monument set in concrete with a brass cap marked NAA, Inc . P .I . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ; I Thence : South 00 08' 15" East, a distance of 468 .64' to a 1 1/2" iron pipe monument set in concrete with 0 a brass cap marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ; Thence : North 89° 55 ' 55" East, a distance of 4280' I to a corner ; I C-3 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751409 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 HDMSp01666416 I

I Thence : North 00 05' 45" West, a distance of 1000' to a 1 1/2" iron pipe monument set in concrete with a brass cap marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ; I Thence : North 890 55' 55" East to the point of beginning, which is a distance of 1000' to a 1 1/2" I iron pipe monument set in concrete with a brass cap marked NAA, Inc ., L .A . Co .--Simi Ro . V . Co . R .E . 805, 5-1948, containing 617 .56 acres more or less . "

I In the Lease Amendment, NAA maintained the option to purchase a 540 .69-acre portion of the leased area , referred to now as "Parcel "A," and redefined as described below : I "Beginning at the southeast corner of Tract "A", Rancho Simi ; thence , 1000 ' northerly along the easterly boundary of said Tract " A" to a 1 1/2" iron I pipe monument ; this is the true point of beginning .

Thence : North 00 03' 35 " West along the Ventura and I Los Angles County line , a distance of 2240 .89' to a County Surveyor ' s monument ;

Thence : North 00 10' 40 " East 482' to a monument on I the County Line between Ventura and Los Angeles County , which is 220 .71 ' westerly from the quarter section corner between Sections 21 and 28, Township I 2N, Range 17W ;

Thence : North 420 28 ' 05" West , a distance of 2292 . 16' to a monument , 1 1/2" x 4' iron pipe set in I concrete with a brass plug marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ;

I Thence : South 500 10' 55" West a distance of 1325 ' to an angle point ;

I Thence : South 890 55 ' 55" West a distance o f 2,712 . 09' to a corner ;

I Thence : South 00 10' 40" West a distance 1,315 .69' ; Thence : South 00 03' 35" East, a distance of 2783 .95 ' to a monument set in concrete with a brass I cap marked NAA, Inc . P .I . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ; Thence : South 00 08' 15" East, a distance of 468 .64' to a 1 1/ 2" iron pipe monument set in concrete with a brass cap marked NAA, Inc . R .E . 805, 5-1948 ;

Thence : North 89° 55' 55" East, a distance of 4280' to a corner ;

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1 Thence : North 00 05' 45" West , a distance of 1000' to a 1 1/ 2" iron pipe monument set in concrete wit h a brass cap marked NAA , Inc . 805 , I . R .E 5-1948 ; Thence : North 89° 55 ' 55" East to the point of beginning , which is a distance of 1000 ' to a 1 1/2 " I iron pipe monument set in concrete with a brass cap marked NAA , Inc ., L . A . Co .--Simi Ro . V . Co . R .E . 805, 5 - 1948 , containing 540 .69 acres more or less . "

(RCK 31063 - 31064 )

An additional paragraph to the lease , included in the I amendment , gave NAA the option to buy another 2 .74 acres of the leased property , labeled as "Parcel B ." The paragraph outlined the boundaries of the parcel as follows :

I "Beginning at the S .E . corner of Tract " A", Rancho Simi ; thence , South 89° 55 ' 55" West a distance of 5,280' to a corner ; thence, North 00 08 ' 15" West I 468 .64 ' ; thence North 00 03' 35 " West 2,783 .95' ; thence , North 0 0 10' 40" East a distance o f 1315 .69' ; this is the true point of beginning ;

I Thence : Continuing North 0° 10' 40" East a distance of 122 . 83' to a point ;

I Thence : South 880 52' 25 " East a distance of 915 .15' to a point ;

Thence : South 71° 12' 25" East a distance of I 320 .95' ;

Thence : South 890 55' 55 " West a distance of I 1,219 .19 ' to the true point of beginning, containing 2 .74 acres more or less . " I (RCK 31071 ) Even if NAA failed to excercise one or both of these options, I the term of the original lease would not be affected (RCK 31073) . Two documents relating to the Dundas prope rt y were recorded on April 27 , 1954 . The first was another Amendment to Lease , recorded I in Book 1198, at Page 335 (RCK 31076 - 31084 ) . This documen t outlined the decision of NAA not to purchase Parcel B and to buy only a portion of Parcel A, both areas as per description in the initial Amendment to Lease ( RCK 31060 - 31074 ) . The section of I Parcel A that NAA elected not to buy was labeled "Parcel E ." This contract also reaffirmed the lease of the original demised premises minus Parcels A and E . I I C-5 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAO875141 1 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666418 I

The second document was a Grant Deed, located in Book 1198, at Page 278, that conveyed most of "Parcel A," as defined in th e initial Amendment to Lease to NAA (RCK 31191 - 31194 ) . Parcel A was defined in the same manner as previously but was missing wha t was now a right -of-way , ( i .e ., Parcel E) . Parcel A was described as follows :

"Beginning at a point in the east line of said Tract distant northerly thereon 1000 feet from the southeast corner of said Tract A ; thence along the 1 east line of said Tract ,

1st : -North 0° 03' 35" West 850 feet ; thence parallel with the south line of said Tract,

2nd :-South 890 55 55" West 3140 . 21 feet , more o r less , to the northerly terminus of the 10th course as set out in the land first herein above described ; thence ,

1 3rd :- Southerly parallel with the east line of said Tract , 1850 feet to point in the south line of said Tract ; thence along said south line ,

1 4th :-North 89° 55' 55 " East 2140 . 21 feet , more or less, to a point South 890 55 55" West 1000 feet from the southeast corner of said Tract ; thence ,

5th :-North 00 05' 45" West 1000 feet to a 1-1/2 inch iron pipe ; thence ,

1 6th :-North 890 55' 55" East 1000 feet to the point of beginning . "

1 (RCK 31193 - 31194 )

The deed was subject to any interests of John J . Groeble and his wife Norma , who had purchased a piece of the deeded property in 1929, and to those of Marian F . Lewiss, who had done the same in 1932 .

1 By way of a Grant Deed dated March 15, 1954, NAA had obtained a parcel of land adjacent to the Dundas property . The territory originally belonged to Henry W . Silvernale and his wife Beulah, and 1 to William and Elizabeth Hall, husband and wife , who, along with Max and Helen Silvernale , had purchased the land from Conrad and Adaline Lehman in 1939 ( RCK 31150 - 31151) . The 1954 Deed that conveyed the 838 -acre area to NAA , was recorded on April 2, 1954, in Book 1193 , Page 278 . The purchased land was also part of Tract "A" of the Rancho Simi and was described as follows :

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875141 2 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666419 I

1 "Beginning at common corner of Tracts "A ", " P", and "B" as shown on said map [ Book 3, Page 7 of Maps] ; thence along the Southwest line of said Lot "A",

1st : North 42° 20' 11" West to a point in a deep . gully at the most Westerly corner of the land 1 described in deed to H . W . Silvernale and wife, recorded September 2, 1939 , in book 595, page 552 of Official Records ; thence along the Northwest line of said land of Silvernale and wife ,

2nd : North 550 27 ' 58" East 4506 . 44 feet to a brass cap in concrete monument in the South line of Section 24 , Township 2 North , Range 18 West, Rancho Simi , as shown on map recorded in book 3, page 2 of Maps, said point being distant North 89° 41' 21" West 14 . 59 feet from the Southeast corner of said 1 Section 24 ; thence ,

3rd : South 89° 41' 21" East 14 . 59 feet to a brass 1 cap in concrete monument at said Southeast corner of Section 24 ; thence ,

4th : North 0° 18' 39" East 563 .36 feet to a brass cap in concrete monument in course Ho . 15 as described in deed to Conrad C . Lehman , recorded in book 15, page 18 of Deeds ; thence , 1 5th : South 47° 11' 21" East 475 .40 feet to a brass cap in concrete monument at the southeasterly extremity of said course No . 15 ; thence ,

6th : North 77° 30' 49" East 7132 .66 feet , more or less, to a brass cap in concrete monument set in the 1 Northerly prolongation of the Northerly course of the West line of the land shown on a map filed in book 14, page 11 of Record of Surveys of said County ; thence to and along said West line ,

7th : South 0° 10' 40" West 2739 .55 feet to a concrete monument ; thence , 1 8th : South 0° 03' 35" East 2783 .95 feet to a concrete monument ; thence ,

9th : South 0° 08' 15" East 468 .64 feet to a concrete monument set at the Southwest corner of the land shown on Licensed Surveyor's Map filed in book 14, page 11 of Record of Surveys ; thence ,

10th : South 89° 54' 20" West 9516 .00 feet to the point of beginning . "

(RCK 31146 - 31149)

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751413 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666420 I

1 On April 5, 1954, a Grant of Easement was executed between I .M . Dundas ( Grantor ) and NAA ( Grantee ) for use rights over the North American Road, the Black Canyon Road, Burnos Flat Motor Way, and Box Canyon Motor Way , to provide ingress and egress for the benefit of the Silvernale property . The Easement was recorded on April 27, 1954 , at Book 1198, Page 287 (RCK 31152 - 31172 )

On April 5 , 1954, a second Grant of Easement was executed between I .M . Dundas ( Grantor ) and NAA ( Grantee ) for use rights over the above -mentioned roads and ways to provide ingress and egress for the benefit of the Dundas property . Said Easement was recorded on April 27, 1954, at Book 1198 , Page 303 (RCK 31173 - 31190) . i Approximately 4 years later , NAA deeded three parcels of the former Silvernale property to the United States of America and its assigns--in this case , the United States Air Force . The military planned to use two of the parcels for the testing of rocket engines produced by NAA and the other parcel for the production of liquid oxygen ( see summary of U .S . Air Force Plant 57) (RCK 30915) . The Grant Deed was recorded on December 31, 1958, in Book 1688, Page I 212 (RCK 30778 - 30810 ) . All three of the parcels were portions of Tract "A" of Rancho Simi . Parcel 1, also referred to as Tract A- 100-1 , was described as follows :

1 "Beginning at a brass cap set in a concrete monument marking the common corner of Tracts " A", "B", and "P" of the Rancho Simi as shown on said map [ Book 3, 1 Page 7 of Maps] ; thence along the Southerly line of said Tract " A" North 89° 54 ' 20" East 4529 . 63' to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , said brass cap i being the True Point of Beginning , 1st : North 89° 54' 20" East 2851 . 23' to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , 1 2nd : North 5521 .84' to a hexagonal bolt set in a concrete monument ,

3rd : South 77° 30' 49" West 2920 .30' to a brass cap set in a concrete monument ,

1 4th : South 4895 .16 ' to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , said monument being the True Point of 1 Beginning and the True Point of Ending . Said land is shown as U .S .A . F . Parcel on a Licensed Surveyor's Map filed in Book 18, Page 61 of Record of Su rv eys . "

(RCK 30778 ) 1 Parcel 2, or Tract A-100-2, lay adjacent to Parcel 1 and is described as follows :

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751414 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666421 I

"Beginning at a brass cap set in a concrete monument marking the common corner of Tracts " A", "B", and "P" of the Rancho Simi as shown on said map ; thence 1 along the southerly line of said Tract "A" North 89° 54' 20" East 2629 .63' to a brass cap being the True Point of Beginning ,

1st : North 89° 54 ' 20" East 1900 .00 ' to a brass ca p set in a concrete monument ,

2nd : North 1570 .47 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , 1 3rd : West 1900 .00 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument ,

4th : South 1573 .60 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , said monument being the True Point of Beginning and the True Point of Ending .

1 Said land is shown as Parcels 1 and 2 on a Licensed Surveyor's Map filed in Book 20, Page 5 of Record of Surveys . "

1 (RCK 30779 )

The third parcel , or Tract A-100- 3, the site of the liquid oxygen plant is described as follows :

"Beginning at a brass cap set in a concrete monument marking the common corner of Tracts "A ", " B" and "P" of the Rancho Simi as shown on said map ; thence along the Southerly line of said Tract "A" North 89° 54' 20" East 9516 .00 feet to a concrete monument ; thence North 0° 08' 15" West 468 .64 feet to a concrete monument ; thence North 0° 03' 35" West 2783 .95 feet to a concrete monument ; thence North 0° 10' 40" East 1315 . 69 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument , said brass cap being the True Point of Beginning ,

1 1st : North 0° 10' 40" East 1423 .86 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument ,

1 2nd : South 770 30' 49" West 1474 . 48 feet to a brass cap set in a concrete monument ,

3rd : South 1100 .61 feet to a brass cap set in a 1 concrete monument ,

4th : South 89° 49 ' 20" East 1435 .19 feet to a brass T cap set in a concrete monument , said monument being the True Point of Beginning and the True Point of Ending .

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875141 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666422 Said land is shown as Parcel "A" on a Licensed Su rveyor's Map filed in Book 20, Page 2 of Record of Surveys . "

(RCK 30780 )

At the completion of this sale , the entire SSFL site consisted of aproximately 1,602 .767 acres . Of this area , 1,074 .714 acre s were owned by MM, 451 .183 acres were held by the U .S . Air Force, and 76 .870 acres were leased by NAA from Ida Dundas . On April 30, 1958 , NAA took almost 300 acres of the westerly portion of the former Silvernale prope rt y from its Rocketdyne . D ;vision and assigned the land to its Atomics International Division (RCK 30829) .

In order to clarify its title to the former Dundas property, 0 NM obtained any interest that Jacob Groebli , et ux ., and Marian Lewiss, might still have in the property . Both parties held properties that were located within the boundaries of the territory obtained from Ida Dundas (RCK 30869) . By way of a Grant Deed, 0 recorded on June 1 , 1959, at Book 1740 , Page 241 , Mr . and Mrs . Groebli conveyed the following property to NAA (RCK 31231 - 31232) : 0 ' Beginning at a point and iron stake 3731 .16 ft . north and 4252 .06 ft . west of the Southeast corner of Tract "A" as per map of the land of the Simi Land and Water Co . [Book 3, Page 7 of Miscellaneous 0 Records ], . balance of description thence from said point of beginning which is 63 ft . Southwesterly from a point and stake in Paradise •1 Valle y 1st : 38 ft . N . 22° 32' 20" E .

1 2nd : 129 ft .N . 3° 2' 40" W .

3rd : 120 ft . S . 86° 57' 20" W .

4th : 60 ft . S . 3° 2' 40" E . 1 5th : 135 ft . S . 86° 57' 20" W . 6th : 200 ft . S . 3° 40' E .`

0 7th : 159 ft . N . 64° 48' 20" E .

8th : 70 ft . N . 46° 27' 20" E .

I 9th : 70 ft . S . 67 ° 27' 20" E . to the point of Beginning which is in the west side of Paradise 1 Valley Road . " (RCK 31231 - 31232 ) i c-10 I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751416 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666423 I 0 Albert Lewis , the administrator of the estate of Marian Lewiss , sold to NAA land that was a part of the former Dundas property . He did so only after receiving an Order Confirming Sal e 0 of Real Property from the Superior Court of California . The Administrator ' s Deed , executed on April 7, 1959 , and recorded on June 1, 1959, in Book 1740, at Page 238, described the property (RCK 31226 - 31227 ) as follow s

"Beginning at a point and stake approximately 3795 ft . N . & approximately 4100 ft . W . of the SE corner of Tract " A" [as per map in Book 3, Page 7 o f Miscellaneous Records ], . Balance of description : thence from said point of beginning , which is in the north side of Loser [ sic] Basin Drive ,

1st : 60 ft . Northerly & at right angles to L .B . Dr . to a point and stake , thence ,

2nd : 60 ft . Easterly , parallel to Lower Basin to a 0 point and stake , thenc e 3rd : 60 ft . Southerly, to a point and stake in North side of L .B . Drive ; thence ,

0 4th : 60 ft . Westerly along the North side of L .B . Dr . to point of beginning . " 0 (RCK 31227 )

The term for NAA's lease of the Dundas properties was due to I expire in February 1962 (RCK 31094) . The areas still covered by the lease were Parcels "B," "C," and "D," as per the map recorded in Book 14, Record of Surveys , at Page 11 (RCK 31057) . A n 1 Amendment to Lease , dated May 7, 1962, extended the lease to 16 years and allowed the lease to be renewed automatically on an annual basis until either party decided to terminate the agreement . 0 The yearly rental fee would be $900 ( RCK 31096 , RCK 31098) . In 1968, North American Rockwell ( hereinafter " EAR"), corporate successor to NAA as of September 22, 1967, increased its 0 land holdings at the SSFL site by 1,032 .30 acres . By way of a Corporation Grant Deed , the Spruce Land Corporation sold to NAR a portion of Tract P of the Rancho Simi , as per map in Book 3, Page 7 0 of Maps . The Deed , recorded on September 30, 1968 , in Book 3373, Page 508, described the property as follows ( RCK 31237 - 31239) :

"Beginning at the northeasterly co rner of said Tract 0 P, said corner being on the easterly boundary of said county of Ventura , thence along said easterly boundary , being the easterly line of said Tract P, 1 South 0 09' 54" West 1976 .39 feet , more or less, to an angle point therein ; thence South 0° 19' 24" West 0 c-11 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875141 7 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666424 0

0 250 .14 feet ; thence leaving said easterly line, South 770 11' 24 " West 4900 .23 feet ; thence Sout h 86° 01' 08 " West 2211 . 33 feet ; thence South 84° 53' 28" West 3271 . 85 feet ; thence North 72° 29' 01" Wes t 3171 .84 feet , more or less , to the westerly line of the land described in Deed recorded July 30, 1964 a s instrument No . 52561 in Book 2593 , Page 290 of Official Records ; thence along said line , North 27° 55' 20" West 3244 . 56 feet, more or less , to a brass cap monument at angle point in the northerl y boundary of said Tract P of Rancho Simi, shown as Station "P " on Map of Agoure Ranch recqrded in Book 2, Page 16 1 / 2 of Records of Survey , in the office of said county recorder ; thence along said northerly boundary , South 89° 45 ' 13" East 14,794 .46 feet, more or less, to the POINT OF BEGINNING . "

0 In a letter dated December 22, 1969, John Dundas and his brothers , who had inherited the property of their mother Ida Dundas, notified NAB that they were terminating the current lease . 0 The Dundas brothers presented the corporation with several options . They were willing to consider a year-to-year extension of the lease, but only at an increased rental fee of $ 3,600 per year . Also , they would sell the three parcels along with the rest of 0 their real property holdings in Ventura County , over 700 acres of land , at $1,000 an acre . A final option allowed NAB to purchase the leased property and the 130-acre parcel formerly known as 1 Parcel E, at $1,500 an acre (RCK 31115 ) . Responding to the proposals in a letter dated February 10, 1970, NAB stated that the company was declining the various offers and would allow the lease 1 agreement for the 76 .87 acres at the SSFL facility to be terminated as of February 28, 1970 ( RCK 31119) .

While still leasing Parcels B, C, and D of the Dundas property 1 in 1965, NAB built a water storage tank on a section of Parcel D (RCK 31122 ) . In the early 1970's, Geopac , Inc ., purchased the properties from the Dundas family (RCK 31125 - 31126) . Still, until 1979, no agreement between the two corporate entities existed concerning the water tower . In order to maintain the structure, Rockwell International, which had become the successor corporation to NAB in 1973 , obtained a Grant of Easement from Geopac , Inc ., for 1 a section of Parcel D, as per map in Book 14, Page 11 of Records o f Su rveys on September 22, 1948 (RCK 00141 - 00143) . The document , recorde d on July 3 , 1979, in Book 5432 , at Page 835, described the 1 property as follows :

"Beginning at the southeast corner of Tract "A", Rancho Simi ; thence , 1000' northerly along the easterly boundary of said Tract " A" to a 1 1/2" iron pipe monument ;

Thence : North 0° 03' 35" West along the Ventura and Los Angeles County line, a distance of 2240 .89' to a county Surveyor ' s monument ;

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751418 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666425 I I Thence : North 00 10' 40" East 1281 .56' to a monument , cut spike and tin ;

Thence : North 600 06' 10" West 1788 .06' to a monument 1-1/2" x 4' iron pipe in concrete with brass plug marked NAA , Inc . R . E . 805, 5-1948, B .M . I 128 ; this is the true point of beginning ; First : South 420 28 ' 05" East, a distance of 377 .75' 1 to a corner ; Second : North 290 53 ' 50" East , a distance of 1 114 .44' to a corner ; Third : North 60° 06 ' 10" West, a distance of 360', more or less, to the true point of beginning .

EXCEPTING THEREFROM that portion lying within the property described in Grant of Easement dated April 5, 1954, between Ida M . Dundas and North American 1 Aviation, Inc ., recorded in the Office of the County Recorder of said Ventura County in Book 1198, Page 307 of Official Records on April 27, 1954 . "

(RCK 31133 - 31135 )

In 1976 , Rockwell made the final addition to its property I holdings at the SSFL facility . By way of a corporation Grant Deed, Geopac , Inc ., conveyed to Rockwell the former Parcel E, a 100-acre acquisition . The document was executed on March 27, 1976, and 1 recorded on April 16, 1976, in Book 4574 , at Page 788 (RCK 30930) . The site of the liquid oxygen plant, which the Government had obtained in 1958, eventually became the property of the General 1 Serv ices Administration ( GSA) . On July 15, 1976 , the GSA transferred the land to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA), but not the improvements on the property to NASA . On September 8, 1976 , NASA placed the land under the care of Rocketdyne by way of a facilities contract ( RCK 30945 - 30946) . 1 1

1 1 I C-13

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875141 9 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666426 I

APPENDIX D - '

CONTACTS AND INFORMATION SOURCE S

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (8SFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 57

I 1 1

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751420 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666427 I

APPENDIX D

CONTACTS AND INFORMATION SOURCES

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7 1 I . INTRODUCTION 1 Under the Scope of Work , TechLaw was directed to contact Federal, state , and local agencies to obtain relevant records . With the authorization of the Corps , TechLaw also contacted private parties and individuals for information and documents . Below is a I list of the agencies , organizations , and individuals that were contacted for information on SSFL . ( Some sources were contacted for information on both SSFL and the Canoga plant , while other sources were contacted for information on SSFL only . )

1 A . Government Contact s 1 1 . Federal Agencie s Department of the Army Corps of Engineers

Ms . J . Deb Eobler Project Manager Omaha District 1 1624 Douglas Street, Room 312 Omaha, Nebraska 6810 2 1 (402) 221-784 2 Ms . Kobler was contacted regularly throughout the course of the project to receive technical direction for the research being conducted . Copies of relevant documents that the Corps had 1 on file for the Canoga plant and the Santa Susana Field Laboratory were provided to TechLaw . Documents obtained from the Corps have I the alpha prefix : ACE . Mr . Lee Jauman Los Angeles District (213) 894-286 5

Mr . Jauman was contacted for relevant information that the Los Angeles District had for the two sites . Mr . Jauman stated O that his office had conducted a "Finding of Fact and Determination Study " for AFP No . 56 and AFP No . 57 . He was unsure whether a confirmation study to confirm the contamination was going to b e

I D-1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751421 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666428 I conducted, and suggested that TechLaw contact Mr . Paul Townsend of the Los Angeles District , who would be most knowledgeable of the two sites .

Mr . Paul Townsend 1 (213) 894-371 3 Mr . Townsend stated that he had prepared the Inventory Project Report for the initial phase of the project . During his 1 study, he had visited the facilities and collected background information . He indicated that he did not go into great depth in his study, but summarized the information that was available .

Mr . Townsend stated that his office only had real estate records concerning the AF acquisition of the Air Force Plant property . He is not expecting more work by his office on the project . Because the properties are known to be contaminated, there will be no confirmation study .

National Aeronautics and space Administration (NASA )

Mr . Dennis Holweger NASA office at Canoga (818) 710-329 9

TechLaw originally contacted Mr . Holweger by telephone in December 1989 . Mr . Holweger stated that since the site is operated by a contractor, that NASA would not have maintained any records that were not also maintained by Rockwell . When asked specifically about NASA audits of Rockwell's accounting records, Mr . Holweger indicated that NASA uses DCAA as their auditor .

Mr . Holweger met with TechLaw during TechLaw's January visit to Rocketdyne facilities . The only relevant document that he produced was a January 1989 briefing paper prepared by Rockwell's 1 Environmental Unit . Mr . Holweger was also interviewed by telephone in March . Interview Summaries for January and March 1990 can be 1 found in Appendix B . Mr . Richard B . Houchen s George C . Marshall Space Flight Center AP-42 Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812 I (205) 544-038 7

Mr . Houchens stated that he has been the contracting 1 officer for the SSME for 2 years . NASA has been working with the Caine site contract since 1962 ; the contract is now being restructured . Prior to 1962 there was an AF site contract . Mr . Houchens stated that there had been other contracts, such as the J- 1 2 engine contract in the Saturn days and the SSME in the 1970's . He requested that TechLaw send a written request, and he will research the matter .

I D-2

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751422 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666429 I I TechLaw submitted a written request for the 1962 NAS A facilities contract, several supply/production contracts dating from the 1960•s, and historical documents . Following the written request, Ms . Patricia Newton of NASA contacted TechLaw to report that the 1962 contract was the only document available . The older 1 contracts had been destroyed . Ms . Newton explained that federal regulations require that contracts costing greater than $25,000 be kept until 6 years after the date of final payment ; at that time they are destroyed . NASA would provide a copy of the 196 2 1 facilities contract to TechLaw with authorization from the Corps . At the time that this Draft Report was written, . this contract had 1 not yet been received from this office . 0 .8 . Air Force (USAF )

Mr . Joe DeAngelo USAF Plant Representative Office (AFPRO) at Canoga (818) 710-588 8

Mr . DeAngelo was reluctant to discuss contract matters over the telephone . He asked that a written request be sent to the 1 AF contracts management office at Canoga Park . For other possible historical records, Mr . DeAngelo referred TechLaw to Jack Sargeant, Chief of Management Operations Division . [NOTE : A separate written 1 request was not submitted to Mr . DeAngelo because he works as in the same office as Ms . Susan Steffanoty--see below . )

Mr . Jack Sargean t 1 Air Force Management Operations Division (AFPRO at Canoga) 1 (818) 710-470 6 The Management Operations Division provides administrative support to other Air Force divisions . Mr . Sargeant stated that there was no site historian for Canoga and SSFL, and that he did not possess historical records regarding site operations, contract management , or environmental compliance . He referred TechLaw to the Air Force Contract Management Division office at Kirtland Air Force Base .

Me . Kay Peterso n Air Force Contracts Management Division Kirtland Air Force Bas e Albequerque, New Mexico (505) 844-664 4

TechLaw had contacted this office in order to locate information concerning the facilities . Ms . Peterson researched our request and located aerial photographs . Some of the photographs were for Canoga , but the majority of them were of the different i I D-3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751423 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666430 I

test areas of SSFL . Ms . Peterson made copies of these photographs and provided them to TechLaw .

1 Ms . Susan Steffanotty Air Force Contract Management Division (AFPRO at Canoga ) 1 (818) 710-243 3 Ms . Steffanotty indicated that the only historical documents that she was aware of were contracts between Rockwell and 1 the AF and NASA, and some correspondence . She stated that older, closed-out contract documents may have been shipped to military archives . She stated that Rockwell was required by law to retain 1 copies of a contract until 15 years after the completion date . Ms . Steffanotty stated that any request to review files must be submitted in writing .

After receiving the written request, Ms . Steffanotty indicated that records concerning the AF site contract with Rocketdyne would not be located at Canoga . She suggested that 1 TechLaw speak with Mr . Ben Siegel of her staff .

Mr . Ben Siegel Mr . Donald Riggs Mr . James Williams (AFPRO at Canoga) 1 (818) 710-314 4 Mr . Siegel understood that historical records regarding AF facility contracts were sent to a Government storage building located in Laguna Niguel, California . He searched the AFPRO office to see if an inventory listing the location of these records at the Laguna Niguel storage facility was available . Mr . Siegel reported 1 that he could not locate the storage record inventory . A group interview was conducted by TechLaw with these AFPRO representatives in January 1990 . Mr . Siegel provided 1 information on the history of the two sites . Mr . Riggs and Mr . Williams indicated that quality control test firing records would provide information on the use of TCE . They indicated that Rocketdyne should have maintained archived records on microfilm . A 1 summary of this interview can be found in Appendix B .

U .S . Geological Su rvey ( USGS) 507 National Cente r Reston , VA 22092 (703) 648-400 0

The USGS was contacted to obtain aerial photographs of the facilities . The Reston office was visited to research available photographs by reviewing maps of the facilities' locations . Aerial photographs were obtained of Santa Susana . 1 I D-4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751424 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666431 1 I

D .8 . EPA , Region IX

U .S . EPA offices in San Francisco were contacted t o determine if EPA had initiated any enforcement actions for the two Rockwell facilities independent of the state , and to confirm 1 whether the agency possessed records that TechLaw had not obtained previously from the Corps, from state and local environmental agencies , or from Rockwell .

1 According to the EPA project manager , Ms . Deb Kobler, EPA has participated in meetings concerning the remedial activities at the two sites and is not planning to take a more active role . Ms . 1 Kobler provided the name of Carmen Santos , as a contact in EPA Region IX .

Ms . Carmen Santos 1 RCRA Waste Compliance (415) 744-145 0

Carmen Santos did not have knowledge of any records concerning compliance history information for the two sites . She 1 suggested that TechLaw speak with Jerry Clifford . Ms . Karen schwinn Branch Chie f RCRA Waste Compliance Branch 1 (415) 744-147 0

Ms . schwinn indicated that the only activities that EPA 1 might have undertaken would have been some routine inspections approximately 4 years ago . She noted that the state would have received copies of any documents . She referred TechLaw to Carmen Santos of her staff , and to Tom Mix of the Superfund section . She 1 stated that Tom Mix would be able to discuss any "pre - remedial" activity .

1 Mr . Bill Pierce Branch Chief Enforcement Section Water Division (415) 705-220 2

Mr . Pierce knew of no independent EPA actions . He stated 1 that the Water Division would only be involved at a RCRA treatment, storage , and disposal site if there were wetlands involved . 1 Mr . Chuck Seely Section Chief Enforcement Section Air Divisio n (415) 556-556 9

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751425 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666432 I Mr . Seely stated that the only air activity that he knew about for the two sites was approximately 9 years ago, when a notice of violation was issued for Santa Susana ; he indicated that no subsequent action was taken . He indicated that the state might have copies of these records .

Mr . Tom Mix Section Chief Site Evaluation Section Field Operations Superfund/Hazardous Waste Management Division (415) 744-1016 .

Mr . Mix stated that TechLaw could obtain no information from his office unless a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA ) Request was filed . He was not able to say whether the two Rockwel l facilities were listed in EPA's database . ( TechLaw did not attempt 1 to contact Mr . Jerry Clifford , as he is a supe rvisor in this same Division .]

M Based on conversations with the Corps indicating that EPA is not actively involved with the facilities at this time, a decision was made not to pursue a FOIA request at this time .

1 Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Public Reference Sectio n 1 (202) 272-745 0 The Public Reference Section of the SEC has copies of Annual Reports to Shareholders and Form 10-K's, as well as other I corporate reports . Files for Rockwell, North American Rockwell, and North American Aviation were researched . Copies of the 1 0-K and Annual Report for 1989 were obtained . Research was conducted to locate older copies of these reports . The SEC staff could not 1 locate any corporate documents filed before 1968 . The Annual Reports and Forms 10-K from 1968 and 1972 were obtained . The 1 documents from the SEC have the alpha prefix : SEC . National Archive s

1 Mr . Rich Boylan Suitland Reference Branch 1 (301) 763-741 0 Mr . Boylan stated that his office would initiate research for the facilities if provided with a written request outlining the 1 name of the site, the time periods of operation , and the major components being tested . If the AF has relevant records, Mr . Boylan stated that his office could provide the name of the AF officer to contact . Mr . Boylan noted that he doubts if the 1 original AF site contract still exists -- such contracts are routinely destroyed approximately 10 years after they are closed .

I D-6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751426 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666433 The National Archives staff researched TechLaw's request for records ; however, no relevant documents were located .

Mr . Hill Creech Main Branc h Civil Reference Section Pennsylvania Avenue and 8th Streets, N .W . Washington, DC I (202) 523-305 9 Mr . Creech indicated that any files pertaining to the two sites would be located in the Civil Reference Section . He stated that there are a variety of Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) and Defense Plant Corporation ( DPC) files that may contain information , and the best way to conduct research is to visit the Archives and review the materials on file .

TechLaw visited the National Archives , where RFC and DPC files for North American Aviation were reviewed . These files 1 either pertained to NAA's plant in Inglewood , California , or else could not be linked to any specific location . No information could be found for Canoga or SSFL .

Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) Bldg . 5, Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 2230 4

Mr . Frank Greer 1 Mr . Clarence Hill (703) 274-763 3

Registration Information (703) 274-687 1

This agency will process research requests once the requestor obtains a user identification code . TechLaw completed the registration forms and obtained a user identification code . 1 A request was made to search for a copy of the original AF site contract , but a copy was not available in the DTIC system . A literature search was also conducted for reports pertaining to SSFL and Canoga , and information on rocket testing , especially 1 kerosene burning rockets . The database search did not locate any reports that specifically concerned SSFL or Canoga, and the rocket testing reports were not relevant to the site history research or 1 environmental problems . Thus, no reports were ordered from this source .

I D-7

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751427 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666434 i McClellan Air Force Base

Mr . Craig Luther History Office (916) 643-645 3

I Mr . Luther was contacted to request a copy of the original AF facilities contract . He stated that the Base had an extensive archive system for records . After TechLaw provided Mr . Luther with details of AFP No . 56 and No . 57 , he indicated that he would make a search for relevant records, including a copy of the contract . Mr . Luther searched the archived files, but did not find any records for AFP No . 56 and No . 57 . No copy of the original AF 1 facilities contract was located in the Base files .

2 . State Agencie s

California Regional Water quality Control Board (RWQCB )

Mr . Dick Harris (213) 266-751 2

Mr . Harris indicated that the RWQCB had sampling data, permits , and cleanup plans for both Canoga and SSFL, which were available for review . The files are available for public review with 2 to 3 days notice .

Ms . Irma Salinas Mr . Dave Bacharowski Groundwater Unit 1 (213) 266-761 0 TechLaw staff visited the RWQCB offices in Monterey, California . Ms . Salinas coordinated the record review for SSFL ; there were 5 boxes of documents , which were reviewed and relevant i records were copied . Ms . Salinas explained that the Groundwater Unit became involved with SSFL in 1984 when the Toxic Pits Cleanup Act (TPCA) became effective . She has been working on TPCA matters 1 for SSFL for 1 year, and believes that the contamination was discovered in 1984 during TPCA investigations . Ms . Salinas stated that there were no archived files for SSFL .

Mr . Bacharowski coordinated the file review for Canoga . Mr . Bacharowski was not available to be interviewed about his knowledge of the site , except to state that he was involved with I the underground tanks and groundwater at the site . There were four boxes of records for the Canoga plant ; relevant documents were copied for the Rockwell site, as well as the J .C . Penney and Montgomery Ward service stations . These documents have been assigned the alpha prefix : WQC .

1 D-8

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751428 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666435 i I California Department of Health Services (DOHS) Toxic Substances Control Divisio n 1105 N . San Fernando Blvd . I Burbank, CA 9150 4

M . Vajie Motia i (818) 567-303 3 Ms . Motia explained that DOHS maintains extensive records for both Canoga Park and SSFL, including permit records for i enclosures and impoundments . These records are available for public review with 1 to 2 days notice .

I TechLaw staff visited the DOHS offices in Burbank, California . The file custodian provided TechLaw with access to all files ( approximately 8 feet ) concerning the Canoga plant and SSFL . She stated that there would be no archived files . All files were I reviewed , and relevant documents were copied . These documents are designated with the alpha prefix : DHS . I Ms . Florence Pearson (818) 567-300 8

Ms . Pearson has is currently involved with DOHS' I activities on SSFL . She stated that DOHS has been involved with the site since Rockwell filed for interim status under RCRA in 1980 . She indicated that the site went directly from interim I status to closure status . Ms . Pearson ' s files were also reviewed .

Governor ' s Office of Planning and Research I State clearinghous e 1400 Tenth Street I Sacramento, CA 9518 4 Mr . Glenn stober i (916) 322-231 8 This office maintains a database of reports submitted to state agencies for review . Mr . Stober stated that a written request with keywords to be searched such as "Rockwell , Rocketdyne, I Canoga Park," and other terms should be submitted .

A written request was submitted to search for reports I that contained "North American Aviation , Rockwell , or Rocketdyne," in the title or report description fields . A printout of such reports on file with the Clearinghouse was obtained . After a review of the printout , no documents were ordered because either I they did not pertain to the two sites, or had already been obtained I by TechLaw from another source . I I D-9

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751429 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666436 I

California Waste Management Board Sacramento, CA (916) 324-242 3

This agency is responsible for permitting landfills that accept "garbage ;" it does not regulate hazardous waste . When the nature of the research was explained , TechLaw was referred to the Southern California office in Fullerton .

Mr . John Bowder Fullerton, CA (714) 449-707 2

I Mr . Bowder is charged with the responsibility of inspecting solid waste landfills . He checked his files for information on the Canoga plant , but had no records . For SSFL, h e referred TechLaw to the Ventura County Environmental Health 1 Department .

1 3 . Local Agencies

Chatsworth Public Library (818)342-427 6

The Chatsworth Public Library maintains an open reference file on SSFL . A review of the file revealed that the library was 1 receiving copies of documents pertaining to Rockwell's petition to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for a renewal of its Special Nuclear Material License for Area IV . Copies of documents were not 1 obtained because , as directed by the Corps, this project does not include Area IV at this time .

Ventura County Air Pollution Control Distric t

Mr . Al Danzig Ms . Chris Cote (805) 654-280 6

Mr . Danzig stated that his office had files pertaining to engineering evaluations of various processes . The records date back approximately 20 years and contain general background information . Mr . Danzig stated that Rockwell's compliance with air 1 discharge regulations has been good .

TechLaw visited the Ventura County Air Pollution Control 1 District offices to review files . There were approximately one and one-half feet of files . Copies were obtained of relevant documents , which have been assigned the alpha prefix : VAP .

1 D-10

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNA08751430 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666437 I Ventura County Fire Protection District Fire Inspection and Hazardous Materials 395 Willis Avenue 1 Camarillo, CA 9301 0

Ms . Darlene Rumble i (805) 388-428 0

This office processes requests for chemical inventory i records for a site . A copy of the chemical inventory for SSFL was obtained .

Ranger Dorn Hazardous Materials Unit (805) 388-455 0 i Ranger Dorn explained that this unit has not responded to any incidents at SSFL . He suggested that TechLaw contact the dispatcher .

1 Fire Dispatcher (805) 388-428 0 1 The dispatcher indicated that this office does not have a computerized record of incident and response information . She stated that they could not research their files without knowing a 1 date for the supposed incident .

Ventura County Environmental Health Department i 800 S . Victoria Stree t Ventura, CA 9300 9 1 Janelle , Public Records Coordinator (805) 654-281 3

The Public Records Coordinator stated that the Department i had three files for SSFL--hazardous waste , underground storage tanks, and leaking underground storage tanks . When these three files had been collected by the coordinator, TechLaw staff visited 1 the office to review the files . The majority of the documents were GRC reports and other studies ; all documents were dated from 1987 to the present . Because these recent documents had no relevance to 1 the site history, no copies were obtained . 1 i 1

1 D-11

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751431 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666438 Ventura County Public Works

Mr . Joe Hanna (805) 654-207 4

Mr . Hanna, who has worked in the Development Section for 1 10 years, indicated that he had seen very little information about SSFL . He explained that the office would not have many records because much of the initial work at the site did not receive a 1 permit ; the permitting process was not very strict .

B . Rockwell Contact s 1 1 . Mr . Steve Lafflam Environmental Unit Manage r

Ms . Bea Kephart Environmental Engineer, SSF L

1 Ms . Jennifer Crone Senior Environmental Engineer, Canoga Plan t

Ms . Norma Fujikawa Environmental Technical Specialist I (818) 773-530 1 Mr . Lafflam was the point of contact for TechLaw's visits to the Rocketdyne facilities, and assisted TechLaw in coordinating its research requests . Environmental Unit staff members, Bea Kephart and Jennifer Crone also helped in the record collection process . All documents obtained from Rockwell were assigned the alpha prefix : RCK .

A summary of Mr . Lafflam's interview can be found in Appendix B . Ms . Fujikawa was also inte rv iewed by TechLaw, in January and March 1990 . Summaries of these inte rv iews can be found in Appendix B .

2 . Ms . Elaine Wooste r Facilities contract Manager for the Space Shuttle Main Engine (818) 710-744 7

Ms . Wooster was formerly with Rocketdyne's supply contract and site contract office . She provided TechLaw with access to the site files for APP Nos . 56 and 57 . A summary of Ms . Wooster's interview can be found in Appendix B .

I D-12

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751432 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666439 I Ms . Wooster escorted TechLaw staff on a tour of th e Canoga and SSFL facilities . She also suggested other departments at Rockwell that might possess relevant records and provided name s 1 of former employees who would be knowledgeable of environmenta l practices .

3 . Mr . Al Pietrowski

Mr . Pietrowski explained the contracting system at Rockwell and provided information concerning th e list of contrac t 1 activity for AFP No . 56 and No . 57 . TechLaw has requested copie s of sample supply/ production contracts from this office . No records had been obtained from this office at the time that this Draft Report was written . An Interview Summary for Mr . Pietrowski can be found in Appendix B .

1 4 . Mr . Alan Nelson Former RIC Watermaster at SSF L

1 Mr . Nelson is currently employed as a job shopper by Rocketdyne . He provided TechLaw with aerial photographs of Canoga and SSFL .

1 5 . Ms . Maribeth Hunt (818) 773-340 5 1 Maribeth Hunt is the custodian of Rockwell's files on the Coal Gasification Plant located on Area I of SSFL . The files were reviewed and copies of relevant documents were obtained .

6 . Mr . Gerald McGrat h

Mr . McGrath keeps files of government -furnished products, especially for fuels , oxidizers, and oils burned during rocket tests ; he does not have information about solvent purchases . He recommended that TechLaw contact Mr . Jack Free . He also agreed that TechLaw could review his records on rocket test firings--data was compiled on test firings to monitor fuel consumption . An Interview Summary for Mr . McGrath can be found in Appendix B .

7 . Mr . Jack Fre e

Mr . Free stated that he did not maintain records of government -furnished solvent records--he indicated that the manager at each area of SSFL would have handled solvent purchases . An Inte rv iew Summary for Mr . Free can be found in Appendix B .

I D-13

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751433 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666440 I I 8 . Mr . Jim Lang Area Manager-APTF ; STL-IV ; CTL-1 ; and SP A

Mr . Lang stated that he doubts whether his solvent purchase records would date back more than a year . To purchase solvents, Mr . Lang's group fills out Form 71-H and submits it to Jack Free's office , which forwards it to the paint store at Canoga . An Interv iew Summary for Mr . Lang can be found in Appendix B .

9 . Mr . Don Pfremme r Area Manager-Equipment Lab

Mr . Frank Wil l

Mr . Pfremmer has been the area manager for the equipment lab for the past 6 years and has solvent purchase records for his tenure . He estimates that he purchases about 4,000 gallons of TCE a year , in semiannual 2,000 -gallon orders . A Inte rv iew Summary for Mr . Pfremmer can be found in Appendix B .

Mr . Will confirmed that only kerosene burning engines were cleaned with TCE . Mr . Will also confirmed that Alfa was the only area at SSFL still using TCE, because the Atlas and Delta rocket production specifications still called for the use of TCE . An Interview Summary for Mr . Will can be found in Appendix B . 1

10 . Mr . Jack Monagha n 1 Director of Test Firings at SSF L

Mr . Monaghan stated that he had records of solvent purchases for COCA and CTL-3 . He did not think that his files went 1 back further than 10 years . He referred TechLaw to Mark Zeller . An Inte rv iew Summary for Mr . Monaghan can be found in Appendix B .

11 . Mr . Mark Zelle r

1 Mr . Gene Yoh e

Mr . Zeller allowed Techlaw to photocopy his solvent purchase records ( covering TCE from 1969 to the present ) and the logbooks of Alfa test firings . Mr . Zeller and Mr . Yohe provided information about TCE engine washdowns . Mr . Yohe also provided names of knowledgeable individuals . A summary of the inte rview with Mr . Zeller and Mr . Yohe can be found in Appendix B .

D-1 4

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751434 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666441 I

12 . Mr . Milt Frankel Area Manager-EC L

I Mr . Frankel stated that did not know how far back his solvent purchase records went , and did not know who would keep long-term records . An Interview Summary for Mr . Frankel can be 1 found in Appendix B . 1 C . Private Sector Contact s 1 . Other company Associated with the Facilitie s

Air Products D .C . Keehn, Esq . (215) 481-4911 Allentown, PA 1819 5

Air Products operated a liquid oxygen plant (LOX) plant 1 at AFP No . 64, which was located on Area I of SSFL . A written request for records was submitted to Air Products . Mr . Keehn indicated that he would research our request and stated that he had forwarded the request letter to individuals that would be knowledgeable . After TechLaw provided more definite information on the dates of operation of the LOX plant and placed several follow- up telephone calls, Mr . Keehn indicated that he was preparing a letter conce rn ing the Air Products LOX plant . A brief letter was received stating that the LOX process used essentially no hazardous substances , only electricity, and that additional information could not be provided unless the Air Force authorized TechLaw to receive additional information .

2 . Aerial Photograph s

a) University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB) Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (805) 961-277 9

Pacific Aerial Western Aerial Survey 329 Salinas Street 1 Santa Barbara , CA 93103 (805)963-038 2

UCSB had aerial photographs of SSFL on file . Photographs of the site were selected at UCSB and were then ordered through Pacific Western Aerial Survey, which has an agreement to print the photographic negatives from UCSB . 1

I D-15

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751435 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666442 b) University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) 405 Hilgard Avenue, Room 125 5 Los Angeles , CA 90024 I (213) 206-818 8

Aerial photographs of Canoga Park were obtained at this 1 university .

C) I .K . Curtis Serv ices, Inc . 2907 Empire Avenue Burbank, CA 9150 4 (818) 842-512 7

Aerial photographs of SSFL were obtained through thi s company .

d) Companies that were contacted, but did not have i relevant photographs :

1) Aerial Fotobank, Inc . 1 (714) 373-198 3 2) Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service I (805) 688-2727

3) AM I 1 Santa Ana, CA 92707 (714) 546-720 1

4) ASCS/Aerial Photography Field Office 1 Salt Lake City, UT 8411 9 (801) 524-585 6 1 5) Brewster Pacific Corp . Pasadena , CA 91107 (818) 449-8162

1 6) COELAD Corps of Engineers Survey Branch 1 (213) 894-555 0 7) California Department of Transportation Sacramento, CA 9581 4 0 (916) 445-684 5 8) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Ocean Surve y Rockville, MD 20852 1 (301) 443-860 1 I D-16

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751436 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-155 4 H DMSp01666443 9) Pacific Aerographics Santa Ana , CA 92707 (714) 545-349 7

10) WAC Corp . Eugene , OR 97402 (503) 342-516 9

11) W .P Photographic Se rv ices Ventura, CA 9300 3 (805) 644-106 6

3 . Title Searc h

Many title research companies in the Los Angeles and Ventura county area were contacted to request a bid on conducting historical property information research on the property of the two sites . The companies were instructed that this title search was I for historical purposes only and did not involve the sale of the property and did not require title insurance . I The title research was to include obtaining copies of deeds, leases , liens , and mortgages , whether or not the liens and mortgages had been satisfied . Copies of easements were to be obtained as follows : no public utility easements , and only the 1 first page of other easements . The title search for SSFL was to include Areas I, II, and III . I (As noted above, TechLaw obtained real estate records including deeds , leases, and easements from Rockwell files . ]

Formal bid letters were sent to the following companies for the title research on the SSFL site :

Mr . Mike Rutherford Continental Land Title Company 751 E . Daily Drive, Suite 100 Camarillo , CA 9301 0

Mr . Larry Brown Lincoln Title Company 4721 Calle Carga Camarillo, CA 9301 0

Mr . Mark Shepard 1 Chicago Title Company 3280 E . Foothill Blvd . I Pasadena , CA 91107

i D-17

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751437 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666444 I

After receiving the bid letter, these three companies declined to bid on the SSFL title search , citing the extensive amount of time and number of documents involved to complete the I search .

I Mr . Tim Truwe Petru Corporation 725 E . Main Street, Suite 225 I Santa Paula, CA 9306 0 Petru Corporation submitted two estimates : one for the search as outlined above ; and one for deeds and leases only . A high-priced estimate was received for both scenarios . As agreed upon with the Corps project manager, a title search subcontract was not entered into for SSFL at this time because the site history 1 research to date has not revealed any owners or occupants that were not known from previously developed information, and TechLaw had obtained title documentation from Rockwell's files which has been 1 reviewed and analyzed . 1 1 I 1 T I I 1 1 1

I D-18

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751438 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666445 1

1 I

APPENDIX E

TEST FIRING RECORDS ANALYSIS

SANTA Si1SANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7 I

I I

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751439 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666446 I

1 APPENDIX E I TEST FIRING RECORDS ANALYSIS SANTA SDSANA FIELD LABORATORY (SSFL)

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7

I . Number of Test Firing s

Estimates of the amount of TCE released into the groundwater at SSFL are based on estimates of the number of test firings that were conducted on kerosene - fueled engines . Mark Zeller , current acting manager of testing for Alfa-Bravo , maintains inventories of TCE used at Alfa, the only area at SSFL still using this solvent (Zeller ) . Mr . Zeller used his records to estimate that the amount of TCE used to flush one chamber of an Atlas booster or an RS-27 engine is 40 to 50 gallons . An Atlas sustainer thrust chamber requires approximately 30 to 40 gallons to flush ( ibid . ) . The same general amount of TCE was used for Atlases , Thors, and Deltas (Monaghan ; Zeller ) . Accordingly , if an accurate figure can be arrived at for the number of engine tests that required TCE flushing , and if adjustments can be made to this figure to account for engines that had more than one thrust chamber , the resulting 1 number can be multiplied by the amount of 50 gallons to arrive at a final maximum total amount of TCE used and released .

The existing records concerning the total number of racket I engine tests conducted at SSFL are incomplete and somewhat contradictory . From the available information , it is commonly reported that the number of large engine test firings at the six 1 main test areas ( Canyon , Bowl, Alfa , Bravo , Delta, and Coca) totalled approximately 8,000 firings between 1953 and 1961 (see, e .g ., "Phase I Investigation of Hydrogeologic Conditions, Santa Susana Field Laboratory ," prepared by Hargis 6 Associates , Inc ., at ACE 05756 ) . This number was used by RIC to arrive at the estimate of 400,000 to 800,000 gallons of TCE released , based on a formula similar to the one described above ( ibid . ) . However, Figure 11, chart based on a memorandum obtained from Rocketdyne files, presents information on the number of tests completed at large engine test facilities and vernier engine and thrust chamber facilities where the flushing of the test article with TCE was a procedural requirement ( RCK 04430 ) . The figure indicates that between the period June 1949 to June 1955 , there were 8,238 tests completed . During July 1955 to January 1958, there were 12,925 tests completed , for a total number of 21,163 tests from June 1949 to January 1958 . The memorandum indicates that the DOD was the only customer that Rocketdyne had during that time period ( i ) . 1 According to the available documentation , NASA awarded a contract to Rocketdyne to develop the F-1 engine in 1959 (RCK 32525 ; T RCK 15888 - 15963) . I E-1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751440 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666447 I ❑ 111021 1011)11 0107011301 PULO 1000101010 1919 1090021 2 7

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FIGURE 1 1

LEGEND Large Engine Tests at SSFL (1949 - 1957 )

TechLaw, In c SOURCE . RCK 04430 11-la

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751441 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666448 According to "The First 25 Years ," 150,000 rocket engine tests had been completed at SSFL by 1962 ( RCK 32534 ), and 200,000 such tests by 1964 ( RCK 32538 ) . The timetable prepared by Rocketdyne's Environmental Division also indicates that SSFL had done 150,000 rocket tests by 1962 ( see Figure 7 ; RCK 04268 ) . Nevertheless, when preparing calculations of the amount of TCE discharged to the groundwater as a result of engine flushing, the Environmental Division based its estimates on a total of 8,000 engine test s 1 (ACE 05756) . These discrepancies were partially explained during the interviews . John Condiff stated that Les Reed's figures could not I be all-inclusive . Mr . Condiff worked in the Bravo area on Bravo-1B test stand and was certain that more than 24 engine tests had been conducted there by mid-1958 (Condiff) . Other interviewees speculated that the 150,000 figure might contain all types of tests, including component tests that did not involve TCE flushing (Fujikawa ; McGrath) . The figure of 8,000 is RIC's best estimate of the subset of rocket engine tests that represents kerosene - burning engines, which were the only ones that required TCE flushing .

The following figures are based on the only detailed records in RIC's files that describe the number of rocket engine tests conducted at SSFL . The figures for the years 1949 through 1957 were compiled by Les Reed , a former RIC employee , in 1958 . The figures for the later years were compiled by Jerry McGrath, who is responsible for maintaining purchase records and inventories of government-purchased fuels used at SSFL (RCK 32164 - 32233 )

II . Area I

A . Bow

1 . Preparation Stand No . 1

Preparation Stand No . 1 (Prep 1) is one of the first active sites at SSFL . It is located near Building 334 in Area I and was activated in June 1949 (ROE 06883 ; RCK 30740 ; RCK 32187 - 32188 ) . This site was used exclusively to conduct tests on the Navaho rocket and was terminated in June 1954 (RCK 32187 - 32188) . According to Les Reed ' s records , 723 tests were conducted on the Navaho at Prep 1, but the nature of these tests is not further explained

2 . Propulsion Test Control Cente r

The Propulsion Test Control Center (PTCC) was located in the Bowl area of Area I (RCK 32166 ; Schmued ) . The PTCC consisted of Pits LA, 1B, 1C, 10, 2A, 2B, 20, and 20 (RCK 32166 - 32167 )

E- 2

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751442 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666449 Pits lA and 2A were activated in March 1950 ( RCK 32197 - 32198 ) . Pit lA was used initially to test components for the MX 700 ( ibid . ) . From July 1955 through December 1957, Pit 1A was also used for both R&D and acceptance test firings of the V-1 Vernier 107A1 and 315A engines . One thousand and forty - one such engine tests were conducted in Pit lA ( ibid . ; RCK 32166) . It is not known I whether or not the V-1 Vernier engines were fueled by kerosene .

Pit 2A was used through December 1954 to test components 1 for the Navaho and Redstone rockets (RCK 32197 - 32198) . It does not appear that engine test firings were conducted here during this time period . In August 1955, Pit 2A was begun to be used to conduct tests for liquid hydrogen propellant . These tests I continued until at least May 1957 ( ibid . ; RCK 32167) .

Pit lB was activated in November 1950 and was used I through June 1957 to test components for the Atlas rocket (RCK 32166 ; RCK 32197 - 32198) .

Pit 2B was activated in April 1953 and was used until I- early January 1957 to test components for the Navaho rocket . Then for the entire year of 1957, Pit 2B was used to conduct a total of 215 test firings for the Vernier thrust chamber (RCK 32167 ; RCK 32197 - 32198 )

Pit 2C was activated in September 1954 and was used through December 1957 to test components for the Atlas rocket ( ibid . ) .

Pit iC was activated in November 1955 and was the site of component testing for the C-38 start system through December 1957 (RCK 32166 ; RCK 32197 - 32198) .

Pit 2D was activated in March 1956 and was used through mid-August 1956 to conduct 192 R &D and acceptance test firings of the Vernier 107A-1 engine . Pit 2D was then used from late September 1956 through mid-December 1957 for 348 R&D test firings of the Vernier 107A-1 thrust chamber (RCK 32167 ; RCK 32197 - 32198) .

Pit 1D was activated in June 1956 and was used through mid-April 1957 to test the V-i Vernier engine start system . Then, from June through December 1957, Pit 1 0 was used to conduct 442 R&D and acceptance test firings for the V-i Vernier 107A1 and 315A engines ( RCK 32166 ; RCK 32197 - 32198) .

The total number of engine and thrust chamber test firings conducted at the PTCC from 1950 through 1957 is summarized as follows : 1 I

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751443 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666450 Pit 1A V-1 Vernier 107A1 and 315A engines 1,14 1 Pit 1D V-i Vernier 107A1 and 315A engines 44 2 Pit 2B Vernier thrust chambers 21 5 Pit 2D Vernier 107A1 engines 19 2 Pit 2D Vernier 107A1 thrust chambers 34 8

TOTAL 2,33 8 I (RCK 32166 - 32167 ; RCK 32197 - 32198) . 3 . Horizontal Test Stand ; vertical Test Stands - 1, 2, & 3 -

I The Horizontal Test Stand ( HTS) and Vertical Test Stands 1, 2, and 3 ( VTS-1 , VTS-2 , and VTS-3 ) were the original large engine and thru st chamber test sites utilized at SSFL . HTS and I VTS-1 were both located at the site of st ructure 721 in Area I of the SSFL map (RCK 30740 ) . VTS-2 was building 722, and VTS-3, building 720 . The area around these test stands also contained a control center , workshops , laboratories , and service buildings I ( ibid . )

VTS-1 was activated in March 1950 and was used primarily I for Navaho components testing and engine and thrust chamber test firing . Until May 1952 , VTS-1 was the site of Navaho ICH engine test firing ; during this time , 237 such tests were conducted . Beginning in May 1952 and continuing through December 1957 both I Navaho and Redstone rockets were test fired at VTS-1 . According to Les Reed ' s charts, 44 Redstone rockets were tested during this period , although the exact dates of the tests are not known . The I majority of tests conducted at VTS - l after May 1952 involved the Navaho rocket engine and th ru st chamber . According to Les Reed's charts , 184 of these tests were Phase 4 firing tests, and the nature of these is not further explained . These apparently were followed by 270 test firings of the 120K thrust chamber, using JP4 fuel, so that presumably TCE flushing was performed after these tests . In late September and early October 1955 , 8 test firings of the 135K thrust chamber were performed , using kerosene as the fuel . From late October 1955 through mid-May 1956, 145 test firings of the 60K th rust chamber were conducted , again using kerosene fuel . From late July 1956 through December 1957, 232 test firings of the S-4 engine occurred ( RCK 32168 ; RCK 32187 - 32188) .

The total number of test firings conducted at VTS-l from March 1950 through December 1957 is summarized as follows :

I E-4

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751444 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666451 I 1 Navaho ICH engine test 23 7 Redstone 4 4 Navaho phase 4 test 18 4 I Navaho 120K thrust chamber 27 0 Navaho 135K thrust chamber 8 Navaho 60K thrust chamber 14 5 1 Navaho S-4 engine 23 2 TOTAL 1,12 0

I (3b id . )

HTS was activated in January 1951 and it was used through I December 1954 to conduct 99 test firings of the Cook sled thrust chamber, 234 test firings of the Navaho 95K thrust chamber, 22 test firings of the Navaho 75K thrust chamber, and 303 test firings of I the Navaho 120K thrust chamber . It is presently unknown how many of these tests were conducted with kerosene fuel, thereby requiring TCE flushing afterwards . From mid-January through March 1956, 7 tests were conducted at HIS as part of a 5K extended duration & I heat transfer study, using a blend of LOX and kerosene . In July 1955, 30 tests of the Navaho 135K thrust chamber were done , using a blend of LOX and JP5 . From mid-September 1956 to mid-July 1957, 1 HIS was the site of 21 test firings of the Navaho 120K thrust chamber , using a blend of LOX and kerosene . From August through December 1957, 588 test firings of the Navaho 135K thrust chamber were conducted at HTS , using a blend of LOX and kerosene . From I mid-April 1956 through December 1957, 269 test firings of the Navaho 150K thrust chamber, using LOX and kerosene , were conducted at MTS . From June 1956 through December 1957, 350 LOX/ kerosene I test firings of the Navaho 60K thrust chamber were performed at HIS . Also conducted at HTS, from late July 1955 to mid-March 1956 and again from mid-March to mid-June 1957 , were 61 test firings of the Navaho 120K thrust chamber , using a blend of LOX and alcohol as fuel (RCK 32168 ; RCK 32189 - 32190) .

The total number of test firings conducted at HTS from January 1951 through mid-June 1957 is summarized as follows :

Cook sled thrust chamber 99 Navaho 95K thrust chamber 234 Navaho 75K thrust chamber 22 Navaho 120K thrust chamber 324 5K heat transfer study 7 Navaho 135K thrust chamber 618 Navaho 150K thrust chamber 269 Navaho 60K thrust chamber 35 0

TOTAL 1,92 3

( ibid . )

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I -UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA0875144 5 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666452 i

1 VTS-2 was activated in September 1953, presumably after the initiation of the LOX/ kerosene fuel program . VTS-2 was used exclusively to conduct component and engine firing tests on the I Navaho rocket . From September 1953 through mid-July 1957, 279 test firings of the 240K Navaho engine, 430 test firings of the G-26 booster , and 555 test firings of the 0-26 engine were performed at I VTS-2 ( RCK 32169 ; RCK 32189 - 32190) . The total number of test firings conducted at VTS-2 from I September 1953 through mid-July 1957 is summarized as follows : Navaho 240K engine 27 9 Navaho 0 -26 booster 430 . i Navaho 0 -26 engine 55 5 TOTAL 1,26 4

I ( ibid• )

VTS-3 was activated in May 1955 and was used through I December 1957 to conduct test firings for the Atlas B-1, B-2A, B- 2C, and B-3 engines . There were 46 test firings of the B-1, 92 of the B-2A & C (although Les Reed's records do not differentiate I between the two), 156 of the B-2C, and 126 of the B-3 ( ibid . ) . The total number of test firings conducted at VTS-3 from I May 1955 through December 1957 is summarized as follows : Atlas B-1 engine 4 6 Atlas B-2A & 2C engines 9 2 Atlas B-2C engine 15 6 1 Atlas B-3 engine 12 6

TOTAL 42 0

I ( ibid . ) .

t B . Canyo n

1 . Canyon Pads 1 and 2

Canyon Pads 1 and 2 ( CP-1 and CP-2) were activated, respectively , in December and November 1955 . These pads are located at building 315, sector 1(3 of Area I on the SSFL ma p (RCK 30740) . These sites were used exclusively to test the AR-60 , an aircraft engine for the Navy . Because aircraft engines did not use LOX as a fuel component, it is assumed that these tests were not followed by TCE flushing of the fuel lines and ignition system . The total number of engine test firings conducted at CP-1 and CP-2 from November 1955 through December 1957 is summarized as follows : .I 1 H-6

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751446 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666453 I CP-1 AR-i engine 44 2 AR-2 engine 7 2 I CP-2 AR-1 engine 19 1 TOTAL 70 5 1 (RCK 32167 - 32168 ; RCK 32189 - 32190) .

1 Transition Reliability Equipment stands 1, 2, and 3 Transition Reliability Equipment Stands 1, 2, and 3 (TRE- 1, THE-2, and THE-3 ) are identified on the SSFL map as, I respectively , buildings 717, 718, and 719 ( RCK 30740 ) . They are also known as Canyon - 1, Canyon-2 , and Canyon -3 ( ibid . ) . There are two test stands at THE -3, identified as THE-3A and THE-3B (ROE 1 32170 ) . Somewhat confusingly, THE-3B has at times also been referred to as Delta 4 .

THE-1 was activated in October 1954 and was used through 1 December 1957 to test Redstone rocket engines, particularly the S-3D and S-3E engines . According to Jerry McGrath's records, this test stand was also used to conduct test firings for the H-1 rocket I engine from November 1963 through February 1964 (RCK 32209) . The total number of engine test firings done at THE-1 from October 1954 through December 1957 and from November 1963 through February 1964 is summarized as follows : 1 Redstone 24 4 Redstone S-3D 40 5 Redstone S-3D&E 11 8 H-1 engine 3 7 I TOTAL 80 4 ( ibid . ; RCK 32169 ; RCK 32189 - 32190) .

1 THE-2 was activated in June 1955, and it was used through December 1957 for components and engine firing tests for the Redstone rocket . THE-2 was also used from October 1963 through I September 1965 to conduct test firings of the H-1 rocket engine . The total number of test firings conducted at THE-2 during these periods is summarized as follows :

1 Redstone engine 15 4 Redstone S-3 16 2 H-1 engine 38 4 I H-1 engine (Rep . test) 17 6 TOTAL 87 6

I (RCK 32169 ; RCK 32189 - 32190 ; RCK 32210 - 32213) . I

1 E-7

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751447 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666454 I 1 THE-3A was activated in February 1957 and THE-3 8 in May 1957 . Both stands were used through December 1957 for Air Force 1 Thor S-3 engine production tests . THE- 3A was also used during this time for Air Force Thor 5 -3F engine R&D tests . From October 1963 through July 1968, THE-3B was also used to conduct test firings of the H-1 engine . The total number of test firings conducted at TRE- I 3A and THE - 3B during these periods is summarized as follows : THE-3A Thor S-3 engine 8 3 Thor S-3F engine 3 3 I THE-3 8 Thor S-3 engine 8 7 H-1 engine 74 5

i TOTAL 94 8 1 (RCK 32170 ; RCK 32189 - 32190) . Component Test Laboratory I

Component Test Laboratory I (CTL-I ) is located in sector 1 D 38 of Area I of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . The site consists of buildings 306, 309, 317, 381, 716, 725, 746, 771, 789, 970, and 972 ( ibid . ) . These buildings , which housed a variety of test pits, I preparation stands, flow benches and storage areas, were used between 1949 and 1957 to perform a number of component tests for the Redstone and Atlas rockets, such as fuel pumps , combusters, start systems , turbines , and inducers . According to Les Reed's 1 records , Preparation Stand No . 4 (Prep 4 ) may have been used between July 1953 and December 1954 to conduct 64 test firings cf Redstone rocket engines (RCK 32170 - 32173 ; RCK 32197 - 32200 )

III . Area I I

1 A . Alfa

The Alfa test stands (Alfa-1, Alfa-2, and Alfa-3), are located 1 in sectors C 17 and 18 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) Alfa-1 is also known as building 727, Alfa-2, as building 728, and Alfa-3 as building 729 (ibid .) . Alfa-1 and Alfa-2 were activated, 1 respectively, in July and June 1955 and were used through December 1957 to perform test firings on Navaho rocket engines, including the 2- 1, 3 -2, 8-3 , C-1, 0-26, G-38, S3E, and MB3 . The total number of test firings conducted at Alfa-1 and Alfa-2 from June 1955 I through December 1957 is summarized as follows : I I 1

I E-8

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751448 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666455 I Alfa-1 Navaho B-1 6 7 Navaho B-2 19 9 Navaho B-3 5 4 Navaho C-3 10 0 Alfa-2 Navaho G-26 3 5 Navaho G-38 37 0 I Navaho S3E 6 Navaho S3E & M53 8 1 1 TOTAL 912 (RCK 32178 ; RCK 32185 ; RCK 32191 - 32192) .

1 Since January 1970 , Alfa - 1 has been used to conduct test firings of the Atlas sustainer and booster rockets . Through December 1989, a total of 161 sustainer tests and 196 booster test s were conducted at Alfa- 1 . Because the Atlas is being manufactured and tested according to contracts first written in the 1950's, standard operating procedures still require that rocket fuel lines and ignition system be flushed out with TCE following a test firing 1 (RCK 32223 - 32229 ; McGrath, Appendix B) . According to Jerry McGrath of Rockwell , Alfa is the only test area at SSFL where TCE 1 is still being used ( McGrath , Appendix B) . Alfa-3 was activated in November 1955 ( RCX 32185 ) . Until mid- December 1957, Alfa-3 was used for test firings of Air Force Tho r rocket engines , particularly the S - 3, S3D, S3E, and S-4 . The tota l number of these test firings is summarized as follows :

Thor S-3 engine 15 5 1 Thor S - 3D engine 4 Thor S-3E engine 3 3 Thor S-3D&E engines 9 9 I Thor 5-4 engine 20 0 TOTAL 49 1

1 (RCK 32178 ; RCK 32191 - 32192) .

Since February 1969 , Alfa-3 has been used for test firings of the RS- 27 rocket engine . Through December 1989, a total of 618 such tests had been conducted at Alfa-3 (RCK 32230 - 32233) .

1 B . Bravo

Bravo test stands lA , 1B, 2, and 3 ( Bravo- lA, Bravo-1B, I Bravo-2, and Bravo-3 ) are located in sectors H 6 and 7 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCX 30740) . Bravo-lA and Bravo - 1B are also known as building 730, Bravo - 2, as building 731, and Bravo-3, as building I 732 ( ibid . ) . Bravo - 2 was activated in April 1956 and was used through December 1957 for test firings of Atlas rocket engines, specifically , the B - 2C, B-3, C - 1, and MA-1 engines . Bravo-3 was 1 activated in August 1956 and was used through early December 195 7

I E-9

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751449 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666456 I 1 for Atlas rocket component tests . Bravo -iA was activated in August 1956, and Bravo- 1S, in mid-December 1957 . These test stands were used through December 1957 for test firings of Atlas rocket thrust 1 chambers . The total number of test firings conducted at Bravo-1A, Bravo-1B, and Bravo -2 from April 1956 through December 1957 is I summarized as follows : Bravo-lA Atlas 135K thru st chamber 5 1 Atlas 150K thrust chamber 9 5 Atlas 300K thrust chamber 3 4 I Bravo- 1B Atlas 150K thru st chamber 5 Bravo-2 Atlas B-2C engine 12 5 Atlas B-3 engine 1 8 Atlas C-1 engine 1 2 Atlas MA-1 engine 5 4

TOTAL 39 4

(RCK 32178 - 32179 ; RCK 32184 ; RCK 32191 - 32194) .

C . Coc a

There are three test stands in the coca area ( Coca-1, Coca-2, and Coca-3 ), identified as buildings 733, 734, and 735, respectively, in sectors H 34 and 35 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . Coca-1 was activated in July 1956, and Coca-2, in i November 1956 ( RCK 32185 ) . These test stands were used through December 1957 to conduct test firings of Atlas rocket engines, particularly, the 8-3A, the C-1, and the vernier engines . Coca-3 was activated in October 1956 ( ibid . ) and was used through early July 1957 to conduct test firings of the Navaho rocket XG-38 engine . The total number of test firings conducted at Coca-1, Coca-2, and Coca-3 from July 1956 through December 1957 is summarized at follows :

Coca-1 Atlas B-3A engine 65 1 Atlas C-1 engine 17 9 Coca-2 Atlas B-3A engine 36 Atlas C-1 engine 91 1 Atlas Vernier engine 3 Coca-3 Navaho XG-38 engine 10 2 1 TOTAL 55 6 (RCK 32179 ; RCK 32193 - 32194) .

E-1 0

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751450 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666457 I 1 D . Delta

Buildings 736, 737, and 738 in sectors H 31, 32, 38, and 39 of Area II of the SSFL map are, respectively , test stands Delta-1, Delta-2, and Delta-3 (RCK 30740) . Delta-1 actually consists of two test areas : Delta-lA and Delta-1B ( RCK 32180 ) . Delta-lA was activated in February 1957, and Delta-1B, in May 1957 (RCK 32185) . These test stands were used for test firings of the Air Force Thor S-3E rocket engine . Delta-2 was active from late July through mid- 1 December 1957 and was used for test firings of the Air Force Thor S-3X rocket engine . Delta-3 consisted of at least two test stands : Delta 3-B and Delta-3C ( ibid . ) . Delta 3-B was activated in October 1957 and was used through December 1957 for test firings of the Air 1 Force Thor S-3E rocket engine . Delta-3C was activated in September 1957 and was used through December 1957 for test firing of the Air Force Atlas rocket 60K thrust chamber . The total number of test firings conducted at Delta area from February 1957 through December 1957 is summarized as follows :

Delta-lA Thor S- 3E engine 8 0 1 Delta-1B Thor S-3E engine 1 6 Delta -2A Thor S- 3X engine 4 8 Delta-3B Thor S-3E engine 2 3 Delta -3C Atlas 60K thrust chamber 1 5

TOTAL 18 2

1 (RCK 32180 ; RCK 32193 - 32196) .

Components Test Laboratory I I

Components Test Laboratory II (CTL-II) is located in sector B 21 of Area II of the SSFL map (RCK 30740) . CTL-II consisted of Cells lA, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2 5 , 3A , 38, 4A , 4B, 5A, and 5B, and the area was used from August 1956 through December 1957 to test various components of the Redstone and Atlas rockets , such as turbopumps, turbine wheels , combustors , and start systems (RCK 32173 - 32175 ; RCK 32186 ; RCK 32201 - 32202) . 1 These figures are summarized as follows : PPTC 2,33 8 Bowl 4,73 5 Canyon 2,62 8 1 Alfa 2,37 8 Bravo 39 4 Coca 55 6 Delta 18 2

TOTAL 13,21 1

E-1 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751451 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666458 I This total does not include the aircraft engine tests done at Canyon nor the components tests done at CTL-I and CTL- II, neither of which required TCE flushing . The figure can be further reduced by eliminating those engines which certainly did not burn kerosene, such as the Redstone , as well as those which may not have done so, such as certain of the Navaho engines . By factoring these engine I tests out , the total becomes 6 , 943 . Finally , if the H-1 tests are eliminated , because Jack Monaghan indicated that TCE flushing was not performed on these engines , the number of tests is reduced to 5,601 . This number covers only the time periods from 1949 through I 1957 , from 1963 through 1968 ( for Canyon ), and from 1969 through the present ( for Alfa ) . The years from 1958 through 1962 are not 1 covered at all, and the information for later years is fragmentary . 1 1

1 1

I I

1 E-12

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751452 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666459 I

1 1

1 APPENDIX F 1 U8A7 AND NASA FACILITIES CONTRACTS "APPENDIX A" INFORMATION SUMMARY SANTA SU8ANA FIELD LABORATORY

AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 5 7

1 1

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751453 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666460 APPENDIX F

USAF AND NASA FACILITIES CONTRACTS "APPENDIX A" INFORMATION SUNMARY

SANTA SUSANA FIELD LABORATORY 1 AIR FORCE PLANT NO . 57

Introduction for Appendix Summarising Aooendix A

1 The Air Force and NAA entered into a Facilities Contract, No . AF33 ( 600)-26940 , whereby NAA was to manage and operate the Air Force-owned plants 56, Canoga, and 57, Area II of SSFL, in exchange for which the Air Force would finance NAA's related costs (Siegel) NAA, and later RIC, would submit annual budget requests to the Air Force under the Facilities Contract . Each of these requests, called an " Appendix A," would outline the expenditures proposed by NAA for the coming year and, where appropriate, would identify the particular program under which the costs were to be incurred . Other "Appendix A" documents would request funds for general maintenance and repairs , to be performed under the rubric " Capital Type Rehabilitation ." RIC has maintained an extensive, although incomplete, backlog of these documents . A chronological reading of the "Appendix A" documents that have been found provides an I excellent overview of how and where operations were conducted at Canoga and SSFL, of which programs were active and when, and of the evolution of Canoga and SSFL from Air Force facilities into NASA 1 facilities . Eventually, the Air Force Facilities Contract was replaced by NASA Facilities Contract NAS8-5609 . This Appendix contains a summary of the provisions of the "Appendix A" documents that were submitted under these two Facilities Contracts . The I "Appendix A" documents were located in files maintained by Elaine Wooster . I Appendix A, "Acceptance Test Facility for the Hot Firing of Rocket Engines," dated June 1, 1953, proposed the acquisition and improvement of land, construction of buildings, and acquisition of 1 equipment for a rocket engine hot test firing facility at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) (RCK 06639 - 06686) . The proposed location for this facility was in Area I, in the parcel which is now owned by NASA and which formerly served as the location for the 1 LOX plant ( RCK 06646 ; RCK 30740 ) . The Appendix called for the construction of a control house, a service building, a switch house, and a vertical test stand, as well as the installation of 1 all utilities, roadways, and parking areas (RCK 06643 - 06664) . A site plan of the facility indicated that a second test stand was intended to be built at some future time in the area (RCK 06648) The vertical test stand proposed for immediate construction was described as follows : 1

I F-1

CONFID ENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER, BNAU8751454 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666461 I i "The test stand . . . will consist of a shallow flame pit and concrete base , a water-cooled flame deflector, a steel base structure and a steel superst ru cture .

The concrete base and flame pit will be an angled st ru cture approximately 30 feet by 30 feet and 25 feet deep at one end . It will be keyed into the rock and will suppo rt the steel st ructure and the flame deflector as well as take the thrust load .

A steel flame deflector approximately 14 feet wide and with a radius of 20 feet will be anchored to the concrete base .

Jet core coolant as well as deflector film coolant will be employed . Water coolant flows are expected to be as 1 high as 5000 GPM , initially . The basic steel superstructure will be tied in at ground level at one end and has 2 steel legs at the other . This 1 structure will have a work platform at the thrust chamber level .

1 A steel superstructure approximately 35 feet high and 14 feet square will house the thrust measuring system and the tank and cage assemblies . Test tanks and cages will remain with the test stand for the duration of acceptance testing of a particular engine or a series of similar engines .

1 Dollies on rails or a hoisting system will be used to roll the rocket engine into the stand and hoist it into position . Work platforms will be located at convenient levels to allow access to piping, valves, controls and instrumentation .

Steel blast shields will be located between the rocket 1 engine and the lower tank and between the two tanks . " 1 (RCK 06671 - 06672) . The piping on the test stand was to se rv e seven different functions . Fuel piping would allow for filling of the test stand fuel tank . Oxidizer piping similarly facilitated the filling of 1 the test stand liquid oxygen tank . Gaseous nitrogen piping allowed regulated pressure to be piped to the fuel and oxidizer test tanks as well as to the test stand for flushing and purging purposes . A 1 gas generator required its own system of fuel, oxidizer, and pressurization piping . Helium piping ran from the helium booster to the rocket engine supply bottles . The test stand fire extinguishing equipment consisted of water pipes and spray nozzles . 1 Finally, there was piping to supply coolant water to the flame deflector and the jet core coolant (RCK 06672 - 06673) .

I F-2

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751455 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666462 Appendix A NAA D .I .P . 54-129, " Rocket Engine Test Facility," dated August 1, 1954, proposed the acquisition and improvement of land, the construction of buildings, and the acquisition o f equipment for the large rocket engine test facilities located in Area II of SSFL, also known as Alfa, Bravo, Coca , and Delta (RCK 06687 - 06782 ) . The Appendix indicated that these new tes t facilities were being built in support of the MX-1593 Missile I Program ( RCK 06689) .

According to the Appendix , the proposed test stands were to have piping identical to that described above under the Appendix dated June 1, 1953, except that there was to be 0o piping system 1 for the gas generator ( RCK 06701 - 06704) . The Appendix also indicates that each new test stand, while similar in structure and capabilities to all others, was to be suitable for test firings of particular rocket engines . The Alfa 1 Firing Unit, consisting of test stand no . 3, was to be used to test 135-175 propulsion systems (RCK 06767) . The Bravo Firing Unit consisted of test stands nos . 4 and 5 . Test stand no . 4 was to be 1 suitable for thrust chamber firings of a 120,000 lb . engin e (RCK 06768 ) . Test stand no . 5 was to be used for 120-270 firings (RCK 06769) . The "Coco" [sic] Firing Unit consisted of test stands nos . 7 and 8, which were to be suitable, respectively, for 270-120 1 and 660 - 270 propulsion system firings ( ibid . ; RCK 06771) . The Delta Firing Unit consisted of test stands nos . 10 and 11, both of which were intended for 660-270 propulsion system firings i (RCK 06772 )

Appendix A NAA D .I .P 54-129-1, "Rocket Engine Acceptance Test Facility, Facilities Analysis Based Upon Additional Program Requirements ," dated August 1, 1954, provided a brief historical summary of NAA's rocket engine testing activities (RCK 06783 - 06806) .

The Appendix stated that the two test stands described in the Appendix A dated June 1, 1953, were being designed and buil t i (RCK 06787) . In addition, construction of seven more test stands for the Atlas Program and one more for the Navaho Program was required in fiscal year 1955 ( ibid . ) . The site proposed for these additional test stands was a 100 acre tract in Area II at SSFL, i located approximately one-half mile west of the existing test facilities ( RCK 06802) .

The Appendix explained that the Navaho Program, also known as Project MX - 770, required one rocket booster of 240,000 pounds thrust for an interim vehicle, the Navaho II, and another of 1 360,000 to 450,000 pounds thrust for the operational vehicle, the Navaho III (RCK 06787) . The Navaho Program had the following engine projects planned and underway :

I F-3

CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNAU8751456 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSp01666463 I NAA 120 - 65 (XLR43-NA - 31 - a 120 , 000-pound - thrust rocket engine developed as a step toward development of the 240,000- pound-thrust rocket power plant and using a single turbopump 1 to deliver liquid oxygen and alcohol or JP ( jet propellant) fuels to the thrust chamber ;

NAA 240-65 (XLR-7I-NA-1) - two ?AA 120- 65 engines mounted in parallel ; and

NAA 405-75 ( XLR-7I - NA-3) - three NAA120 - 65 engines connected 1 in parallel and mounted in the form of a triangl e

As of August 1, 1954, testing of the NAA 120-65 had been underway for over one year and was expected to continue throughout the development of the other two power plants . Testing of the NAA 240-65 had been underway " for several months ," and testing of the NAA 405 -75 was scheduled to begin in the latter part of 1956 ( d . ) .

The other project described in this Appendix was Project MX-1593, i .e ., the Atlas ( RCK 06797 ) . This number coincides with the one mentioned in the Appendix A NAA D . I .P . 54 - 129 described above , also dated August 1, 1954 ( RCK 06689 ) . This project was to produce a rocket power plant delivering 660,000 pounds of thrust (RCK 06797 ) . The following engines were to be developed over the course of Project MX-1593 :

NAA 120 - 270 (XL1-79-NA-1 ) : an engine utilizing all the major components of the MX-770 120-65 but in a different configuration and, like the 120-65, not intended as an end product ;

NAA 135-175 : an intermediate propulsion test vehicle, consisting of the NAA 120-270 engine with a thrust chamber different in size from the one finally to be used ;

NAA 270 - 120 : two engines coupled with a common gas generator, using many of the same components as the NAA 120-270 but, again, with a smaller thrust chamber ; and

NAA 660-270 : the end product of the project, a power plant consisting of a jettisonable booster, made of two NAA 270-120 engines , and a sustainer , the NAA 120 - 270 engin e

( ibid . )

Testing of the NAA 120 - 270 and the NAA 270-120 was scheduled to begin in the spring of 1955 and to continue throughout the project . Delivery of the first six NAA 135 - 175 engines was firmly I scheduled for early 1956 at the latest . The NAA 660-270 engine was to begin testing in late 1955 with delivery of the first one in early 1957 ( ibid . )

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Appendix A D .I .P . 54-133, "Rocket Engine Test Facility, N .A .A . Facilities Contract Request No . 4," dated October 1, 1954, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33 ( 600)26904 . With referenc e to NAA Facilities Analysis D .I .P 54-129 - 1 and Appendix A dated August 1, 1954 , this Appendix proposed the construction of two tes t 1 stands at SSFL, along with improvements and acquisition o f equipment . The stands were to be used in R&D and reliabilit y testing of the NAA 240-65 and 405 - 100 Navaho rocket engines . Th e test stands were identified as nos . 9 and 14, and were to be located, respectively, in the "Coco" (sic] and Delta areas (RCK 06807 -RCK 06829) .

1 Appendix A NAA DIP 53-1040, " Industrial Facilities , Fiscal Year 1956," dated April 1, 1955, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 . Copies of this Appendix were not 1 available from the files, but revision pages , dated October 1955, indicate the nature of the improvements and acquisitions covered (RCK 06831 - 06923) . Among the projects proposed for SSFL was a contaminated water control system for Area II, described as 1 follows :

"The system will consist of spillways, collection basins, earth dams , skimmers to remove the oil formed on the surface of the collection basins, Filtration systems (One for Alfa and Bravo, and one for Coca), pumps, pipe, valves, storage tanks, and a pipe culvert to carry natural drainage water undisturbed through the collection basins . Tentatively, until engineering is accomplished, the system will operate as follows : the contaminated 1 effluent discharged from the test stand collant (sic] systems will be collected in basins formed by earth dams, the oil contaminate will then be skimmed from the surface of the effluent in the collection basin and the fluid 1 under this oil will be siphoned from the collection basins into a filtering system to remove the solids, from there the partially treated effluent will be pumped to a storage tank and reused . "

(RCK 06840 ) . The revised pages did not include site plans 1 indicating where the collection basins, storage tanks, etc . would be located .

Appendix A RIP-FA55-9, "Industrial Facilities, Fiscal Year 1 1956, Supplement No . 1, USAF Plant No . 57, Chatsworth, California," dated January 15, 1956, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33(600)26940 (RCK 06679 - 06923) . A site plan included with this 1 Appendix shows that Area III at one time encompassed all of present-day Area IV, as well as the portion of present -day Area II that now includes the Delta area (RCK 06883) . This Appendix proposed the construction of the Delta Firing Area, including the 1 service building, the pre-test building, the control house, the terminal house, and three vertical test stands, with attendant flame deflectors and piping for fuel, oxidizer, nitrogen gas , 1

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CONFIDENTIAL LEVEL I - UNDER PROTECTIVE ORDER , BNA08751458 United States District Court for the Central District of California, No. CV 97-1554 H DMSpO1666465 helium gas , and water for fire extinguishing and flame coolan t (RCK 06887 - 06906 ) . The flame deflector worked by having water of sufficient pressure pumped to the deflector , so that it was covered I with a film of water at all times during a test firing, in order to prevent the melting of the metal ( RCK 06912 ) . The Appendix also called for the construction of a Contaminated Water Control System for Delta , which was to consist of "[o]ne low earth fill skimming dam, one pollution control dam 60 feet high designed to meet State requirements for high dams , and one low earth fill final proof dam to allow capture of site-produced water and pollution control of re-use water and storm water leaving U . S . Air Force site " (RCK 06902 ) . The Appendix also proposed the addition of a structural steel frame to the side of Bravo-1 test stand for the purpose of conducting engine start tests on the 60,000 -pound thrust engine under simulated high altitude conditions ( RCK 06921) .

Appendix A NAA RIP-FA56 - 11, "Industrial Facilities , Fiscal Year 1956 , Supplement No . 2," dated January 24 , 1956, was submitted under Facilities Contract AF33 ( 600)26940 ( RCK 06924 - 06936) . The Appendix proposed the construction of an additional test stand in the Canyon area, although it was to be called Delta-4 ( RCK 06928) . In addition to the standard piping required for the test stand, the Appendix also specified piping for a Lubrication and Flush Oil System ( RCK 06934 ) . The nature of this system was not made clear .

Appendix A FA 56 -53, "WS - 104A , Industrial Facilities , Fiscal Year 1957, " dated June 15, 1956, was submitted under Facilities I Contract AF33 ( 600)26940 and consisted of Volumes I (RCK 07077 - 07189 ) and II ( RCK 06968 - 06998 ) . According to correspondence referring to the Appendix , the facilities described therein were 1 intended to support the Navaho , or WS - 104A , Program (RCK 06962) . According to Volume II of the Appendix , efforts under the WS-104A Program were to be " directed toward improving the design and development of the XSM64A Booster Rocket Propulsion System," I including the "fabrication of experimental components and systems and performance of their respective tests " ( RCK 06970) . The Appendix noted the need in the Alfa area for increased storage capability of LOX and gaseous nitrogen in order " to meet the consumption rate of the program test schedules for the G-38 engines" ( ibid . ) . LOX and nitrogen were also being used for "increased testing of three chamber SM-64A Booster engines" ( ibid . ) . Volume II contained a helpful time chart showing for each test stand the engine program or programs being tested there for the time period from April 1956 through March 1959 . The results 1 can be summarized as follows : i

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