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Kinerja Aparatur Desa Dalam Pelayanan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan (Pbb) Di Desa Gantimulyo Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur

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Kinerja Aparatur Desa Dalam Pelayanan Pajak Bumi Dan Bangunan (Pbb) Di Desa Gantimulyo Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur e-ISSN 2442-9449 Vol.8. No.2 (2020) 70-78 p-ISSN 2337-4721 KINERJA APARATUR DESA DALAM PELAYANAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN (PBB) DI DESA GANTIMULYO KECAMATAN PEKALONGAN KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TIMUR Herman Sismono Dharma Wacana Metro [email protected] Abstract Land and building tax as one of the components that supports the balance fund, which has an influence on the amount of the balance of funds that will be received by the tax producing regions. Therefore, the UN needs serious attention from local governments. More precisely in terms of handling, so that later they will be able to make a large contribution to Regional Original Income (PAD). The formulation of the problem of this research is how the performance of village officials in Land and Building Tax (PBB) services in Gantimulyo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency. The research objective was to determine the performance of village officials in Land and Building Tax (PBB) services in Gantimulyo Village, Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency. This research used data collection methods by observation, interviews and documentation study. The main informants in this study were the village head, village secretary, head of planning and development, tax collection officers, and taxpayers. The data analysis used is data reduction analysis, data presentation and conclusions. Based on research and data analysis, it can be concluded that (1) The responsiveness of the village apparatus has gone well, namely by conducting socialization to residents to provide knowledge about land and building taxes. (2) Responsibility in managing land and building tax funds is the Village Head, Village Treasurer/ Head of Finance, then Pak RT. (3) Accountability carried out by the village apparatus, namely by collecting land and building taxes from the residents then the funds are sent to the central government, from the center down to the villages in the form of direct assistance. Keywords: Land and Building Tax (PBB) Service, Village Apparatus Performance PENDAHULUAN adalah amanah yang tertera dalam Sebagai organisasi yang baik Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2009 memberikan pelayanan kepada tentang pelayanan publik, dimana definisi masyarakat, maka substansi pelayanan mengenai pelayanan publik adalah publik, selalu dikaitkan dengan suatu kegiatan atau rangkaian kegiatan dalam kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh seseorang rangka pemenuhan kebutuhan pelayanan atau kelompok orang dalam suatu instansi sesuai dengan peraturan perundang- tertentu untuk memberikan bantuan dan undangan bagi setiap warga negara dan kemudian kepada masyarakat dalam penduduk atas barang, jasa, dan atau rangka mencapai tujuan tertentu. pelayanan administratif yang disediakan Pelayanan publik ini menjadi semakin oleh penyelenggara pelayanan publik. penting karena senantiasa berhubungan Persoalan tentang pajak sudah dengan khalayak masyarakat ramai yang menjadi hal yang tidak asing lagi terjadi memiliki keanekaragaman kepentingan dari pusat sampai daerah, karena daerah dan tujuan. Oleh karena itu, institusi sebagai alat untuk menjalankan dan pelayanan publik dapat dilakukan oleh mengelola semua urusan-urusan yang ada pemerintah maupun non pemerintah. di daerah dalam rangka untuk menunjang Pelayanan publik pada hakekatnya kebutuhan dari segi pembangunan daerah. 70 | JURNAL PROMOSI Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi UM Metro e-ISSN 2442-9449 Vol.8. No.2 (2020) 70-78 p-ISSN 2337-4721 Pembangunan daerah merupakan bagian sendiri. Sebagai contoh dalam penarikan yang terintegrasi di dalam kerangka pajak PBB, wajib pajak sedang tidak ada di pembangunan nasional (Yustri, 2013). rumah atau ukuran luas lahan yang harus Dengan diterapkannya Undang- dibayarkan tidak sesuai dengan SPT. Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 Perubahan Dengan latar belakang tersebut maka kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 penulis ingin mengangkatnya menjadi Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintah Daerah, penelitian untuk penyusunan skripsi maka penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dengan judul "KinerjaAparatur Desa daerah dilakukan dengan memberikan dalam Pemungutan Pajak Bumi dan kewenangan yang seluas-luasnya, disertai Bangunan di Desa Gantimulyo Kecamatan dengan pemberian hak dan kewajiban Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur menyelenggarakan otonomi daerah dalam Kabupaten Lampung Timur". sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintah. Menurut Mangkunegara (2011), Dalam melaksanakan otonomi daerah, kinerja adalah hasil kerja secara kualitas seperti diatur dalam Undang-Undang dan kuantitas yang dicapai oleh seseorang Nomor 9 Tahun 2015 tentang pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugasnya Pemerintahan Daerah, bahwa pemberian sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang otonomi kepada daerah kabupaten dan diberikan kepadanya. Namun menurut daerah kota didasarkan atas asas Wibowo (2016), kinerja tidak hanya desentralisasi dengan memberikan menunjukkan hasil kerja tetapi juga kewenangan yang luas, nyata dan bagaimana proses kerja berlangsung. bertanggung jawab kepada pemerintah Kinerja adalah tentang apa yang dikerjakan daerah secara proporsional. Artinya dan bagaimana cara mengerjakannya. pelimpahan tanggung jawab akan diikuti Lenvinne dalam Ratminto dan oleh pengaturan pembagian, pemanfaatan Winarsih (2012:175) mengemukakan sumberdaya nasional yang berkeadilan, indikator kinerja terdiri dari: serta perimbangan keuangan antara responsiveness, responsibility, pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah. accountability. Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan sebagai 1. Responsiveness atau responsivitas ini salah satu komponen yang mendukung mengukur daya tanggap provider dana perimbangan, yang mempunyai terhadap harapan, keinginan, aspirasi pengaruh terhadap besarnya bagian dana serta tuntutan customers. perimbangan yang akan diterima oleh 2. Responsibility atau responsibilitas daerah penghasil pajak. Oleh karena itu, adalah suatu ukuran yang PBB perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius menunjukkan seberapa jauh proses dari pemerintah daerah. Lebih tepatnya pemberian pelayanan publik lagi dalam hal penanganannya, sehingga dilakukan dengan tidak melanggar nantinya akan dapat memberikan ketentuan-ketentuan yang sumbangan yang besar pada Pendapatan telahditetapkan. Asli Daerah (PAD). 3. Accountability atau akuntabilitas Berdasarkan hasil pra survey, aparat adalah suatu ukuran yang desa selaku perangkat kerja pemerintah menunjukkan seberapa besar tingkat daerah yang ada di desa mempunyai kesesuaian antara penyelenggaraan kepentingan atas penggunaan Pajak Bumi pelayanan dengan ukuran-ukuran dan Bangunan untuk membiayai eksternal yang ada di masyarakat dan Kecamatan Pekalongan banyak ditemukan dimiliki oleh stake holders, seperti kesulitan. Kesulitan dan hambatan tersebut nilai dan norma yang berkembang tidak hanya pada pelaksanaan dalammasyarakat. pemungutannya saja tetapi disebabkan Menurut pendapat Handayaningrat juga karena masyarakat pedesaan itu (2006:154) mengatakan bahwa aparatur JURNAL PROMOSI | 71 Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi UM Metro e-ISSN 2442-9449 Vol.8. No.2 (2020) 70-78 p-ISSN 2337-4721 adalah aspek- aspek administrasi yang METODE PENELITIAN diperlukan dalam penyelenggaraan Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pemerintahan/Negara, sebagai alat untuk jenis penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian mencapai tujuan nasional. Apek- aspek yang digunakan untuk meneliti objek yang administrasi dalam pengertian aparatur, alamiah dimana peneliti sebagai terutama menyangkut kelembagaan instrument kunci. Pada dasarnya penelitian (organisasi) dan kepegawaian, yaitu: kualitatif dilaksanakan dalam keadaan a. Kelembagaan Pemerintahan adalah yang alamiah (natural setting) dan data orang-orang yang melaksanakan tugas yang dikumpulkan umumnya bersifat pemerintahan dan pembangunan kualitatif. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini mulai dari kelembagaan pemerintahan disebut penelitian kualitatif. Menurut pusat sampai pada kelembagaan Sugiyono (2013), penelitian kualitatif pemerintahandesa/kelurahan. adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan b. Kepegawaian Pemerintah adalah untuk meneliti pada kondisi objek alamiah, mereka yang menduduki jabatan- sebagai lawannya eksperimen, dimana jabatan pada lembagalembaga peneliti sebagai instrument kunci, teknik pemerintahan, keamanan dan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara ketertiban, lembaga pelayanan asas trianggulasi (gabungan), analisa data perbankan danperekonomian. bersifat induktif, dan hasil penelitian lebih Ada beberapa macam pengertian menekankan makna dari pada generalisasi. atau definisi mengenai pajak bumi Informan dalam peneltian kualitatif bangunan yang diungkapkan oleh beberapa berkembang terus secara bertujuan ahli, tetapi pada intinya berbagai definisi (purposive) sampai data yang dikumpulkan tersebut mempunyai inti dan maksud yang dianggap memuaskan. sama. Di antara para ahli mendefinisikan Untuk menghindari terjadinya pajak bumi dan bangunan seperti berikut: penyimpangan pada proses penelitian, Pajak bumi dan bangunan adalah pajak maka fokus penelitian ini diambil dari yang dikenakan atas Bumi dan bangunan. Lenvinne dalam Ratminto dan Atik Septi Subjek Pajak dalam pbb adalah orang atau Winarsih (2012:175) yang mengemukakan badan yang secara nyata mempunyai suatu indikator kinerja terdiri dari: hal atas bumi dan atau memperoleh Responsivitas, Responsibility dan manfaat atas bumi dan atau memiliki accountability. penguasaan dan atau memperoleh manfaat Tempat penelitian adalah Desa atas bangunan. Wajib pajak PBB belum Gantimulyo Kecamatan Pekalongan tentu pemilik bumi dan atau bangunan, Kabupaten Lampung Timur.Teknik tetapi dapat pula orang atau badan yang pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam memanfaatkan Bumi dan atau
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