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Polarforschung Polarforschung 83. Jahrgang • Nr. 2 • 2013 (erschienen 2014) ISSN (print) 0032-2490 ISSN (online) 2190-1090 POLARFORSCHUNG herausgegeben vom published by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Sciences und der and the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Polarforschung e. V. German Society of Polar Research POLARFORSCHUNG – published by the DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR POLARFORSCHUNG (DGP) and the ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RE- SEARCH (AWI) – is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary research journal that publishes the results of scientific research related to the Arctic and Antarctic realm, as well as to mountain regions associated with polar climate. The POLARFORSCHUNG editors welcome original papers and scientific review articles from all disciplines of natural as well as from social and historical sciences dealing with polar and subpolar regions. Manuscripts may be submitted in English (preferred) or German. In addition POLARFORSCHUNG publishes Notes (mostly in German), which include book reviews, general commentaries, reports as well as com- munications broadly associated with DGP issues. Inhalt / Contents Van Opzeeland, I., Samaran, F., Stafford, K.M., Findlay, K., Gedamke, J., Harris, D. & Miller, B.S.: Towards collective circum- Antarctic passive acoustic monitoring: The Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN) .................................................... 47–61 Entwicklung eines großflächigen zirkum-antarktischen Beobachtungssystem: Das Hydrophon-Netzwerk im Südlichen Ozean (SOHN) Kreiss, C.M., Boebel, O., Bornemann, H., Kindermann, L., Klinck, H., Klinck, K., Plötz, J., Rogers, T.L. & Van Opzee- land, I.C.: Call characteristics of high-double trill leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) vocalizations from three Antarctic locations ......... 63–71 Rufcharakteristika der „high double trill“ Vokalisation von Seeleoparden (Hydrurga leptonyx) an drei Standorten im Südlichen Ozean Abakumov, E., Trubetskoj, O., Demin, D. & Trubetskaya, O.: Electrophoretic evaluation of initial humification in organic horizons of soils of Western Antarctica ................................................................................................................................. 73–82 Elektrophoretische Analyse der beginnenden Humifizierung in organischen Horizonten westantarktischer Böden Mitteilungen / Notes Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews ............................................................................................................................. 83–93 Cover illustration: View from a helicopter on a blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) approaching the surface in the Southern Ocean. Blue whales are the largest animals to ever live and can reach 30 m in length. They were nearly driven extinct in the Southern Hemisphere by commercial whaling in the 1900s but now appear to be slowly recovering. Research techniques such as passive acoustic monitoring are permitting researchers to study these animals in non-lethal ways and monitor their recovery“ Umschlagbild: Blick auf einen auftauchenden Blauwal (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) im Südlichen Ozean. Die bis zu 30 Meter Länge errreichenden Blauwale sind die größten je auf der Erde gelebt habenden Tiere. Der kommerzielle Walfang im 20. Jahrhundert hat im Südlichen Ozean fast zum Aussterben geführt; erst jetzt erscheint sich eine langsame Erholung anzudeuten. Forschungstechniken wie passive akustische Methoden erlauben es heute diese Tiere ohne Schädigung zu untersuchen und ihre Erholung zu Beobachten. Copyright 2014 by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Polarforschung. – Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der photomechanischen Wiedergabe, der Herstellung von Mikrofilmen und der Übersetzung, bleiben vorbehalten. – Satz und Druck: Müller Ditzen AG, Bremerhaven. Erscheinungsort: Bremerhaven. Polarforschung 83 (2), 47–61, 2013 (erschienen 2014) Towards Collective circum­Antarctic Passive Acoustic Monitoring: The Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN) by Ilse van Opzeeland1, Flore Samaran2, Kathleen M. Stafford3, Ken Findlay4, Jason Gedamke5, Danielle Harris6 and Brian S. Miller7 The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP) Antarctic blue and fin whale Acoustic Trends Working Group (ATW) Summary: The Southern Ocean Research Partnership (SORP) is an interna­ Zusammenfassung: Die „Southern Ocean Research Partnership“ (SORP), tional research program initiated within the International Whaling Commis­ initiiert 2009 durch die Internationale Walfang­Kommission (IWC), ist ein sion (IWC) in 2009 to promote collaborative cetacean research, develop internationales Forschungsprogramm zur Förderung der gemeinschaftlichen nov el research techniques, and conduct non­lethal research on whales in the Walforschung, zur Entwicklung neuer Techniken und zur Durchführung Southern Ocean (CHILDERHOUSE 2009). One of the original research proj­ nicht­letaler Forschung an Walen im Südlichen Ozean (CHILDERHOUSE 2009). ects of the SORP is the Blue and Fin Whale Acoustic Trends Project, which Eines der ursprünglichen Forschungsprojekte innerhalb von SORP stellt das aims to implement a long term passive acoustic research program to examine Projekt „Blue and Fin Whale Acoustic Trends“ dar, welches sich die Imple­ trends in Antarctic blue (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) and fin whale mentierung eines langfristigen passiv akustischen Forschungsprogrammes (B. physalus) abundance, distribution, and seasonal presence in the Southern zum Ziel gesetzt hat. Mittels eines Netzwerkes von passiv akustischen Rekor­ Ocean through the use of a network of passive acoustic recorders: the dern, dem „Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN)“, sollen dabei Southern Ocean Hydrophone Network (SOHN). Trends in der Abundanz, den Verteilungsmustern und dem saisonalen Vor­ Networks of widely spaced passive acoustic recorders can provide insights kommen von Antarktischen Blauwalen (Balaenoptera musculus intermedia) in spatio­temporal patterns of the presence and properties of whale calls as und Finnwalen (B. physalus) erforscht werden. Netzwerke aus großflächig well as the potential to monitor trends in Antarctic blue and fin whale abun­ verteilten passiv akustischen Rekordern können Einblicke in raum­zeitliche dance. The SOHN will consist of a network of autonomous underwater Muster der Präsenz und Eigenschaften der von Walen produzierten Vokalisa­ acoustic re cording stations surrounding the Antarctic continent with each site tionen liefern, sowie mögliche Trends in der Häufigkeit antarktischer Blau­ remaining active throughout the 10­year duration of the project. In addition to wale und Finnwale offenbaren. Im Rahmen von SOHN sollen akustische circum polar coverage, high priority will be given towards achieving simulta­ Re korder zirkumpolar um die Antarktis verteilt ausgebracht werden, wobei neous temporal coverage, especially in the early years of the project. While je der Standort während der gesamten zehnjährigen Projektlaufzeit betrieben logis tical constraints may prevent uniform distribution of SOHN recording werden soll. Zusätzlich zur zirkumpolaren Verteilung wird, besonders in sites around the continent, the Acoustic Trends Working group (ATW) aims den ersten Projektjahren, hohe Priorität auf eine zeitgleiche Datenerfassung to have at least one recording site in each of the six IWC management areas an den vorhandenen Stationen gelegt. Da logistische Einschränkungen eine (i.e., one per 60° longitudinal wedge). International collaboration and coordi­ gleichmäßige Verteilung der SOHN­Aufnahmestationen um den Kontinent nation are imperative to achieve the project goals due to the high cost of möglicherweise erschweren, strebt die „Acoustic Trends Workinggroup“ Antarctic research as well as the broad spatial and temporal scales over which (ATW) zumindest einen Aufnahmestandort in jedem der sechs IWC­Manage­ the SOHN will span. Furthermore, standardization of data is paramount for mentgebiete an (z.B. einen Rekorder pro 60° Längensektor). Der grundsätz­ accurate and efficient analysis and interpretation of SOHN data. lich hohe Aufwand für Forschung in der Antarktis sowie der langfristige To facilitate international participation in the SOHN, this document provides An satz und die große räumliche Ausdehnung des SOHN­Projektes machen practical recommendations to guide and support passive acoustic data of eine internationale Zusammenarbeit und Koordination zum Erreichen der project as well as technical and logistic information and recommendations Projekt ziele unbedingt erforderlich. Darüber hinaus ist eine Standardisierung regarding standardization of recording locations is provided here for a diverse der Daten von höchster Wichtigkeit für eine akkurate und effiziente Analyse collection in Antarctic waters. This whitepaper addresses a wide audience, und Interpretation der SOHN­Daten. ranging from scientists from different disciplines with access to instrument­ Zur Erleichterung einer internationalen Beteiligung am SOHN­Projekt liefert tation and/or infrastructure to collect passive acoustic data in the Southern dieser Artikel praktische Empfehlungen für die Erfassung passiv akustischer Ocean, to ship operators or other parties that can provide logistic support Daten in antarktischen Gewässern. Dabei wird eine breit gefächerte Zielgrup to make the SOHN a reality. Background information and an outline of the pe adressiert, von Wissenschaftlern verschiedener Disziplinen mit Zugang zu sci entific aims of project as well as technical
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