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The Year of the Pig

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The Year of the Pig The Year of the Pig FOOD FORWARD FORUM Toolkit The China Biodiversity Conservation and Green Development Foundation is a proactive environmental non-governmental organization and social legal entity working to protect the environment, preserve natural resources and biodiversity in China and all around the globe. Founded in 1985, it is China’s oldest environmental non-governmental organization. The Good Food Fund aims to facilitate shifts in food production, distribution, and consumption patterns towards a healthier and more sustainable food system, by supporting relevant research, communication, and entrepreneurship efforts. Toolkit research, creation, and compilation: Caroline Wimberly*, Wanqing Zhou*, and Yi-Wen Lee Design: Tingting Xiong Copyright © Good Food Fund August 2019 Special thanks to Mia MacDonald, Jian Yi, Tiran Zhang, Ruiqi Xie, Jieli Xie, Cecilia Zhou, Cui Xin, Hailey Chang, Wenjing Zhu, Shuman Liu, Adam Millman, Chelsey Toong, and Cheng Qiu for your input and assistance Food Forward Forum logo design: William Wilson, Yale Hospitality Food Forward Forum Partners: The contents of this toolkit do not necessarily reflect the official positions of any organization, institution, or private enterprise that partnered with or participated in the Food Forward Forum in February 2019 or any of the organizations, networks, corporations, or individuals described in the text. *Brighter Green Contents Part I – Background and the Basics 03 Introduction to some key terms and concepts about food Part II – Deeper Dive: The Issue Nexus 11 Six themes the Good Food Fund uses to frame food and sustainability Part III – Chefs as Agents of Change 29 Exemplary chefs from around the world leading in practices across our six themes Part IV – Food Policy Ruminations: The Global Context 51 A sample of policies and programs tackling food, health, and sustainability Part V – Into the Frying Pan: Practical Application 81 Tips for chefs to consider and possibly implement in their places of work or communities Part VI – Further Edibles: Follow Up Reading and Materials 98 Continue to expand your sustainable food palate with a selection of topical resources Part I Background and the Basics Introduction to some key terms and concepts about food Photo by Zheng Wang on Unsplash 3 Food Forward Forum Toolkit Part I Vision and Mission This toolkit evokes the Food Forward China produces half of the world’s Forum, a unique sustainable food pigs, and consumes more than initiative in February 2019, and the half of the world’s pork, with many overarching themes of sharing, (yet unaddressed) consequences creativity, and nourishment, all while for public health, climate change, promoting and supporting products food security, and animal welfare. and suppliers working towards a Who better than chefs to embody more sustainable food system. While and spread the message that summarizing some of the information plant-centric dining is the best way shared by chefs, academics, forward, whilst retaining China’s rich physicians, and other experts on culinary traditions and encouraging the tour, this toolkit is also meant to innovation? inspire further innovation and practical applications for our participating chefs While the primary audience for the and delegates (and beyond). toolkit is the Food Forward Forum alumni, it can easily be used by other The Food Forward Forum built food service providers, educators, upon previous Good Food Fund investors, policymakers, civil society, programming, but also blossomed and consumers. Enjoy! as a potential opportunity with the Chinese New Year festival and the beginning of the Year of the Pig in early 2019. 4 WHAT is Sustainable Development? Sustainable development is a complex concept that includes ecological, social, and economic aspects. The most widely accepted definition comes from the United Nations’ 1987 report of the World Commission on Environment and Development, Our Common Future: Sustainable development is development “ “that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.1 In other words, it is to live a good life while leaving our future generations a healthy environment and livable society, so that they can continue to live a good life. Since then, the definition has been broadened and adapted by many countries and organizations. We support the sustainable development of our society by promoting a sustainable food system. 1 United Nations. Our Common Future. http://www.un-documents.net/ocf-02.htm#I 5 WHAT is A Food Forward Forum Toolkit Part I Food System? No matter where you are, no matter In 2018, the United Nations what you do, you are connected to a Environment Program launched food system in some way. According The Economics of Ecosystems and to the United Nations Food and Biodiversity for Agriculture and Food Agriculture Organization (FAO): (TEEBAgriFood) research program, which expanded the concept to “eco-agri-food systems”,3 in order to Food systems “encompass the emphasize value chain-based system entire range of actors and their thinking as well as the important but interlinked value-adding activities often unrecognized role played by involved in the production, ecosystems. aggregation, processing, distribution, consumption and There are many ways to look at a disposal of food products that food system. Below are two ways originate from agriculture, to perceive a food system and its forestry or fisheries, and parts of relationship with the natural and the broader economic, societal HOW IS THE FOOD SYSTEM STRUCTURED? human worlds. The andfood system wheel natural framework is centred aroundenvironments FAO’s main goals, which include poverty reduction, in food security and nutrition (Figure 1). These are embedded in the broader performance of the system, referring to the three dimensions of sustainability: economic, social, and environmental (elaborated in the next section). Such performance is determined2 by the behaviourwhich of diverse actors, or thethey conduct of stakeholders are in the embedded.”food system (people-centric). This conduct in turn take place in the structure of the system, which consists of a core system, societal elements and natural elements. The core system includes a layer of activities through which food products flow (production, aggregation, processing, distribution and consumption, including waste disposal) and a layer of services supporting the flow. These activities are embedded in a societal context and a natural environment. The former includes all related policies, laws and regulations, socio-cultural norms, infrastructures and organizations. The latter includes water, soils, air, climate, and ecosystems and genetics. FIGURE 1 THE FOOD SYSTEM WHEEL EGAT AGGR ION N PR IO O T CE C D S U R OF IVER S D U SE I O IO A N R V C G A T P H O E R B S M D E I T S T S R Y I B S U T E I O R N O C C A O I N R S U M P T I O N S O IL S E C O SY ST E MS E AN AT D G LIM EN C ETIC S WATER Source: Author's own elaboration. Source: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2018 Source: United Nations Environment Program, TEEBAgriFood, 2018 2 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Sustainable Food Systems. http://www.fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf 3 Müller, A. and Sukhdev, P. 2018. Measuring what matters in agriculture and food systems. http://teebweb.org/agrifood/ wp-content/uploads/2018/10/Layout_synthesis_sept.pdf 6 WHAT is A Sustainable Food System? According to the FAO, a sustainable food system is: a food system that delivers food security and nutrition for all in such a way that the “ “ economic, social and environmental bases to generate food security and nutrition for future generations are not compromised.4 More definitions of a sustainable food system can be found in a compilation document prepared by Professor Ann Dale, from the School of Environment & Sustainability at Royal Roads University in Canada.5 It is not hard to see that everyone relies on a food system to survive and thrive, and everyone can help shape the food system to be a more sustainable one, for ourselves and for future generations to come. In Part II of this toolkit, we will go into more detail as to what a sustainable food system entails and why it is important to focus on food. 4 FAO, ibid. 5 Community Research Connections. Definition of a Sustainable Food System. https://www.crcresearch.org/sites/default/files/u641/definition_of_a_ sustainable_food_system.pdf 7 Food Forward Forum Toolkit Part I WHAT is Good Food? The “Good Food” promoted by the • contribute to the livelihood and Good Food Fund can only come meeting the basic needs of food from a mindful and sustainable food producers and consumers; system. • contribute to honest, cooperative, We envision that a “Good Food” and culturally relevant social system, including food choices, relations; and crop selection, production, storage, processing, distribution, consumption, • contribute to a beautiful, regionally and waste management, as well as all appropriate, and sustainable life for the socio-economic activities involved all.* in the entire value chain, shall: The definition of “Good Food” is by no • conserve or regenerate the Earth’s means limited to the one mentioned ecosystems and a livable climate; above. We encourage every person to learn more about the food system • maintain or promote the health and and the nexus of issues and shape well-being of human beings and one’s own definition of “good food”. animals; *This definition is adapted from the definition proposed by Health Culture Revival and adopted in previous Good Food Fund events. 8 WHAT is Plant-Forward? The Menus of Change initiative products, but tends to emphasize (discussed further on page 70) defines creativity in cooking and presenting the plant-forward concept as: plant-based ingredients to help customers shift towards a more plant-based diet while celebrating ecosystems and cultures.
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