Historic District Design Manual Buildingin the Fourth Century Annapolis Historic District Design Manual

THE NNAPOLIS A HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Fourth Building in the Century Fourth Century

Annapolis Historic District Design Manual BuildingIn The Fourth Century Annapolis Historic District Design Manual

The Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission

Updated and Expanded 2011 by Lisa M. Craig, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant

Edited and Revised 2009 by Jon Arason, AICP, Director Patricia M. Blick, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant & Jean B. Russo, Ph.D.

Edited and Revised 2007 by Donna C. Hole, Chief of Historic Preservation Mariah McGunigle, HPC Intern & Rosamond H. Rice, Recorder

Prepared 1994 by Dale E. Frens. AIA, and J. Christopher Lang Frens and Frens, Restoration Architects, West Chester, PA

THE MAYOR AND ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF ANNAPOLIS

DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ZONING Jon L. Arason, Director Lisa M. Craig, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari L. Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant

ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Sharon Kennedy, Chair Thomas Bunting, Vice Chairman Shelley Rentsch • Kim I. Finch • Bronte D. Jones, Ph.D. Timothy P. Leahy • Shelley Rentsch • Patricia L. Zeno

DESIGN GUIDELINES COMMITTEE COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Patricia Blick Marion Warren Collection, Tom Bunting Maryland State Archives (top, center left, bottom right) Historic Annapolis Foundation (center) Dorothy Callahan Donna C. Hole (bottom left) Jeffery Halpern Donna C. Hole GRAPHIC DESIGN Sharon Kennedy Words & Pictures, Inc. 27 South River Road South Rosamond Rice Edgewater, MD 21037 William Schmickle PRINTER EDITORS Vision Lithographics 9601 Fallard Terrace Jean B. Russo, Ph.D. Upper Marlboro, MD 20772

This project was financed in part with Federal funds from All vendors, consultants and local officials involved with the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, made the project were notified that this project received Federal available through the Maryland Historical Trust, an entity funds from the National Park Service, and that regulations within the Department of Planning, State of Maryland, and of the U.S. Department of Interior strictly prohibit unlawful the City of Annapolis. This Certified Local Government discrimination in departmental Federally Assisted Programs matching grant was administered by the Annapolis on the basis of race, color, national origin, age and handicap. Department of Planning and Zoning for the Annapolis Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated Historic Preservation Commission. However, the contents against in any program, activity or facility operated by a and opinions of this report do not necessarily reflect the recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, views or policies of these agencies. The above-mentioned Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the grant was used to fund the research for this publication. Interior, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127. Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 Annapolis and Historic Preservation...... 5

CHAPTER 2 History and Architecture of Annapolis...... 11 Character-Defining Features and Styles in Annapolis...... 16

CHAPTER 3 Designing for the Historic District...... 25 Design Guidelines ...... 33 Sign Guidelines ...... 56 Sidewalk Café Guidelines ...... 70

CHAPTER 4 The Review Process ...... 73

Appendix A The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation ...... 75

APPENDIX B Annapolis Architectural Glossary ...... 76

APPENDIX C City of Annapolis Historic District Zoning Ordinance ...... 79

APPENDIX D Selected Bibliography ...... 86

INDEX ...... 87 Figure 1. View of Annapolis from Spa Creek. Photograph courtesy of Celia Pearson.

4 Chapter 1 Annapolis and Historic Preservation

INTRODUCTION Declaration of Independence; the Continental Congress The architectural and historic significance of met here during 1783 and 1784; and in 1845 the U.S. Annapolis has been recognized both locally and Congress chose Annapolis as the location for the U.S. nationally. Based upon its “exceptional value or Naval Academy. quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States,” the Colonial Annapolis Historic District was designated one of forty-three National Historic Landmark Districts in 1965 by the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service. In recognition of the superior preservation of its significant eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth century structures, an enlarged historic district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Annapolis is a remarkable urban environment. Laid out 300 years ago on a neck of land where the Severn River joins the Chesapeake Bay, the city evokes a sense of history and a sense of place, expressed in the character of its streets, the fit of its land to the water, and its pleasing human scale. Governor Francis Nicholson’s 1695 town plan for Annapolis is the oldest surviving Baroque plan in the United States. Annapolis presents a unique record of the pre-industrial colonial city in our country, and its collection of 18th, 19th and 20th century architecture is important to the entire nation. Annapolis was home to Maryland’s four signers of the Figure 2. Annapolis Historic District map.

5 Figure 3. William Paca House, 186 Prince George Street (1763- 1765). Left: View from northeast during demolition of Carvel Hall Hotel. Below: Restored garden and facade. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives. Left: MSA 1890-2021-3; below: MSA SC 1890-3526 [detail].)

HISTORIC DISTRICT PROTECTION IN ANNAPOLIS Community Activism Community efforts to preserve the historic environment of Annapolis extend back to the nineteenth century, although an effective local historic district zoning ordinance was not enacted until 1969. The impact of the protection afforded by historic district zoning and the efforts of the Historic Preservation Commission, Historic Annapolis Foundation, and an assortment of house museum associations, can be seen throughout the district. In 1952 Historic Annapolis, Inc. was founded as an advocate and agent for preservation in the city. Its charter was “to preserve the distinctive quality of Annapolis and Anne Arundel County derived from the buildings, structures, objects, and spaces that possess integrity of design, setting, materials and workmanship that contribute to the historic character of this locale.” Historic Annapolis’s accomplishments include research on the history of Annapolis and its buildings, and the pioneering of historic preservation easements. of the City’s Historic District Commission (now the Historic Annapolis, Inc. saved the William Paca House Historic Preservation Commission) to its preservation from demolition and in partnership with the State of mandate. Now, in the first decades of the twenty-first Maryland restored the Georgian house and private century, the Historic District’s challenge is to balance garden to their 1765 appearance. the conservation of its neighborhoods and architecture Annapolis citizens have worked steadily to protect with the needs of this century. The commercial success the heritage of their city. They have been at the forefront of the waterfront area has strengthened the case for of historic preservation efforts in both public policy preservation in Annapolis, but also threatens to overturn and private action, and have set an example recognized the balance of neighborhood conservation versus nationwide. The degree of preservation in Annapolis commercial development. today would not exist without the diligent attention

6 Legislation elements of the city’s cultural, social, The legal basis for the Annapolis Historic District economic, political, archeological, or regulations regarding archeological compliance, exterior architectural history; changes and height and bulk, is the State of Maryland •to strengthen the local economy; Enabling Act for Historic Area Zoning, Article 66B, •to stabilize and improve property values in Zoning and Planning, Section 8.01-8.17, Annotated and around such historic areas; Code of Maryland, as reflected in the Charter and Code of the City of Annapolis, Chapter 21.56, Historic •to foster civic beauty Preservation. (See Appendix C for full text). Article I •to preserve and promote the preservation of Chapter 21.56 states that the purpose for creating and appreciation of historic sites, structures the special Historic Preservation District is to preserve and districts for the education and welfare sites, structures, and districts of historical, cultural, of the citizens of the city. archeological or architectural significance together with their appurtenances and environmental settings. Local public policy to protect Annapolis started The stated goals of the regulations governing this in 1952. Annapolis’s first Historic District Ordinance special district are to: was passed in 1968 and the first commissioners were •Preserve and enhance the quality of life appointed in 1969. The ordinance states specific goals: and to safeguard the historical and cultural “to stabilize and improve property values in the district; heritage of Annapolis by preserving sites, to preserve specific buildings or structures which structures, or districts which reflect the are deemed to be of historic or architectural value; to foster civic beauty; to strengthen the local economy; to

Figure 4. Annapolis Historic District location map. (U.S.C.G. 7.5 Minute Series, Annapolis and South River Quadrangles.)

7 Figure 5. West Street Comparative views, 1965 and 1977. The Annapolis Urban Renewal Authority repaved West Street, planted street trees, and buried utility lines. Following this public initiative, many building owners restored and reconstructed their building exteriors. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives. Left: MSA SC 1890-1693; below: MSA SC 1890-3448.)

promote the use of the district for the education, pleasure and welfare of the citizens.” That ordinance was revised in 1996, following changes to the state enabling legislation in 1995, with a resulting update to the Annapolis City Code in Chapter 21.56.

Historic Preservation Commission The existence of a Historic Preservation Commission is required by Section 21.08.060 of the City Code. The Commission’s mandate is to safeguard Annapolis’ heritage as reflected in its three centuries of historic architecture and its broadly visible waterfront. To accomplish this task the HPC is required to review other related disciplines. The City’s Planning and all exterior alterations to property in the historic district, Zoning Department provides full-time staff support to including alterations that cannot be seen from the the Commission, in the form of the Chief of Historic street or water. This includes restoration, rehabilitation, Preservation and the Preservation Assistant, as well new construction, renovations, and landscaping as as the expertise of professional archeological and well as replacing building components, such as roofs, architectural consultants. In addition, the Commission doors, windows, porches, railings, and curb cuts. The solicits the advice of non-profit advocacy groups, Commission does not review paint color. including Historic Annapolis Foundation, and individual The seven-member Commission is comprised citizens to broaden its knowledge and perspective. of volunteers who are residents of the City of Appointments to three-year terms are made by the Annapolis and who possess a demonstrated interest, Mayor and confirmed by the City Council. Information or professional or academic training, in such fields as on Commissioners and their qualifications can be found history, architecture, architectural history, archeology, on the City of Annapolis web page: http://www. anthropology, curation, conservation, landscape annapolis.gov/government/boards/hist_pres. architecture, historic preservation, urban design or

8 Figure 6. Base Map of the Annapolis Historic District, 1989. The density and pattern of development is shown by the shadings of the buildings. The density of development in the commercial areas reinforces the pattern of radiating streets and contrasts with the openness of State Circle and Church Circle.

9 Figure 7. 86-88 State Circle. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2897)

10 Chapter 2 History and Architecture of Annapolis

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT lotts.” Land adjoining was to be fenced in and called OF ANNAPOLIS the Town common or Pasture. Starting near the end of today’s Duke of Gloucester Street, county assistant Geographical Factors surveyor Richard Beard laid out streets in a rectangular The geography of the Tidewater region, its mild grid pattern and staked lots along what later became climate, fertile land and numerous waterways made Market and Shipwright Streets. the Maryland and Virginia coastal plain favorable for a seventeenth century settlement based on an agricultural economy. The vast waterways provided an extensive transportation system, which opened up thousands of acres to agricultural settlement, with tobacco as the staple crop.

Early History The colony of Maryland was created in 1632 when King Charles I granted a Royal Charter to Lord Baltimore, Cecil Calvert, a Catholic. This charter granted ownership (proprietorship) of all the land and the right to govern the colony to Lord Baltimore and his heirs. This proprietary colony’s first settlers arrived in 1634 and established St. Mary’s City where the wide mouth of the Potomac River empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The first colonial settlement in the Annapolis region was in 1649 when Puritans from the royal colony of Virginia moved to the Severn River at the invitation of Maryland’s governor, to seek greater religious freedom. By 1683, due to shifts in English policy and the growth of the colony, the Provincial Assembly (then meeting in St. Mary’s) enacted a New Towns Act calling for several new towns, especially port towns. This Act specified that “the Towne Land at Proctors,” (later to be named Annapolis) be laid out as a town on 100 acres. The acreage was to be “marked, Staked and Divided into convenient streets, lanes, and alleys with Figure 8. Map of the Chesapeake Bay. Water transportation and other spare places to be left on which may be a Church, a prosperous agricultural economy provided the economic Chapel, Market House or other public buildings and the and geographical basis for Annapolis’s development remaining part...to be divided into one hundred equal as a political and cultural center.

11 Following the 1688 Glorious Revolution in Anne, next in line of Royal succession, to name the new England, the Catholic King James II was deposed in city after her. An Act of Assembly in 1696 confirmed favor of Protestants William and Mary. In the wake of a the choice. Princess Anne, a devout Protestant, became subsequent revolt against Lord Baltimore by Protestant Queen in 1702. settlers, Maryland petitioned for and became a Royal Colony. The Crown governed the colony until 1715, ANNAPOLIS’ BAROQUE PLAN when Charles, fifth Lord Baltimore, conformed to the It is Nicholson who is credited with establishing the Church of England and King George I returned political baroque town plan of Annapolis. He was a world authority to the Calverts. traveler for his time, familiar with cities in Europe and

Figure 9 (left). 1696 Baroque Plan of Governor Francis Nicholson.

Figure 10 (below). Map of the original water’s edge outline. This generalized topographic map reveals how the urban form was made to fit the natural land form, with the two circles placed on the highest points. The water’s edge has been altered by land infill. Note how Main Street follows a valley from Church Circle, and East Street follows a ridge from State Circle.

Francis Nicholson, previously Lieutenant Governor and later Governor of Virginia, was appointed the Royal Governor of Maryland in 1694. Soon afterwards, the Assembly passed two Acts that caused the capital to be relocated from St. Mary’s to what was to become Annapolis. The first Act, signed by Nicholson, created two towns, Oxford on the Eastern Shore of the Bay and a second, “Arundell Towne,” on the site of “the land called the Town Land at Seavern in Ann Arundel County where the town was formerly.” That same year Nicholson, in a subsequent Act designated “Arundell Towne” as “the Chief Place and Seat of Justice within the Province for holding of Assemblyes and Provinciall Courts.” By these moves, the government in North Africa. John Reps, author of Tidewater Towns accomplished two key objectives: 1) it shifted the seat (CWF, 1972), makes the case that Nicholson, formerly of government from a Roman Catholic center to a of London, was influenced by the rebuilding of London Protestant region, and 2) it established a more central after the Great Fire of 1666 and drew on the principles of location for the capital. The selected site also possessed town planning that came from Continental Europe. the best harbor above the Patuxent River. Town planning in seventeenth century England The name Annapolis was affixed to the town when was greatly influenced by principles of large garden Governor Nicholson requested permission from Princess design that originated on the European continent

12 during the Baroque era. After the London Fire of 1666 destroyed the medieval city, both Christopher Wren and John Evelyn proposed reconstruction plans incorporating diagonal streets terminating in various major open spaces. Nicholson owned copies of Evelyn’s recent translation of the large French manual The Compleat Gardner (1693) and Evelyn’s Sylva (1679) which described new principles of landscape design. Evelyn’s plan for rebuilding London exhibited sharply intersecting diagonal streets, as well as a variety of urban open spaces and sites for important buildings. He recommended that “not all of them be square, but some of them oblong, circular and oval for their better grace and capacity.” Nicholson’s plan for Annapolis incorporates these ideas from England into America’s first complete and surviving Figure 11. Maryland State House, 1792. Baroque urban plan. An application of abstract (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3044.) design principles to the landform, the plan emphasized the highest elevation on the relatively small neck of land. The larger circle the grand conception a more natural eccentricity, a for the State House encircled the highest knoll (55 feet departure from strict formality. The original Nicholson above sea level) and a smaller circle for the Church was plan, which set a distinctive town form for Annapolis, sited on the slightly lower crest. The 520-foot diameter continues to define the city’s built form. State Circle contained almost the six acres prescribed by the original town decrees, while the 346 foot diameter EARLY BUILDING OF ANNAPOLIS Church Circle contained somewhat over two acres. During the seventeenth century there had been For contrast (and closely following Evelyn’s tenets), insufficient economic stimulus for settlement in Nicholson’s plan called for “Bloomsbury Square” to be Annapolis. However, the city began to develop when it formed by 12 lots north of the Church Circle. From the became the colonial capital in 1694. A two-story brick major focal points, radial streets extended to the cardinal State House for the Assembly and Courts was completed points of the compass. Accommodating the topography by 1698, but burned in 1704. The fire resulted int he loss prevented a pure geometry. This lack of precision gives of the original town plan documents and early court records. A second brick structure took its place within three years, and this second structure was replaced by the present State House, built between 1772 and 1788. State Circle was also the site of King William’s School, created by Act of Assembly in 1696 and built in 1701 southwest of the State House. This brick structure remained in use until 1789.

Figure 12. A Ground Plot of the City of Annapolis, by James Stoddert, 1718, copied by James Callahan, 1743. The Stoddert Survey confirmed Nicholson’s layout and added the Trade Lots. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-346)

13 inhabit.” Expanded in 1725, the site of the Trade Lots now stands within the boundary of the U.S. Naval Figure 13. Plan Academy. of the Harbour and the City of CITY GROWTH Annapolis, drawn The Maryland colony grew dramatically in the 18th by Major Capitaine, 1781. This plan century. The 1675 total colonial population of under reveals the built 13,000 more than doubled to about 31,000 in 1700; street pattern and the and this in turn increased six fold to 220,000 persons water’s edge prior to in 1770. Annapolis’s population grew as the colony’s major changes in the government grew and as citizens from the colony nineteenth century. came to the city to conduct their affairs. Dr. Edward (Marion Warren Papenfuse, Maryland State Archivist, has estimated the Collection, Maryland city had 405 inhabitants in 1715, doubling by 1730, and State Archives, MSA growing to over 1300 by the Revolution. However, even SC 1890-3502) as late as 1775, a visitor commented that the streets were “extremely hilly and uneven with out a bit of paving.”

After passage of legislation making the Church of England the official religion of the colony, in 1692, work began in 1695 on the first St. Anne’s Church, completed by 1706. By 1774 the simple edifice was too small, inconvenient, and in such disrepair that sometime after 1775 it was razed. Plans for rebuilding were delayed by the Revolutionary War and by issues regarding the status of the Church of England. The second St. Anne’s was consecrated in 1792. This building burned in 1858, and was replaced by the existing Romanesque structure, begun in 1859 and completed by 1866. Apart from the “institutional” circles and the other lots set aside for public use, the private Annapolis took form slowly. In 1699 a writer observed: “Governor Nicholson hath done his Figure 14. U.S.C.G. Survey Map, 1844. The extent of the city’s endeavour to make a towne... There are development and the location of Fort Severn prior to the creation in itt about fourty dwelling houses... of the Naval Academy are shown on this map. Note the strong seven or eight whereof cann afford connection of the radiating plan to the water in the area that good lodging and accommodations was to become the Naval Academy. (Marion Warren for strangers. There is alsoe a State Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-352) house and a free schoole built with bricke which make a great shew among a parcell of wooden houses, and the An important site for town development was the foundations of a church laid, the only public market. In Annapolis, the public market shifted bricke church in Maryland. They have its location several times. By 1717 it was located on State two market daies in the week.” Circle, by 1730 it had moved to the harbor, on the so- In 1718 a resurvey of the town, necessitated both called Custom House lot, and by 1752 it had returned by the lost courthouse records and title conflicts, was to State Circle. In 1784, the site of today’s Market House completed by James Stoddert. The survey, drawn from was donated to the city and a new structure was built, an earlier one by Richard Beard, not only confirmed which was in turn replaced in 1858 by the present Nicholson’s plan, but supplemented it with ten acres Market House. This major community focal point was of half- acre lots on the northeast edge of town. The saved from demolition and restored in 1972. addition, called the Trade Lots, was intended “for the Two important streets not originally planned were better encouragement of poor tradesmen to come and added in the mid-18th century. In 1752 Green Street was

14 laid out from Duke of Gloucester Street to the dock, and in 1769 Cornhill Street was extended from the State Circle through the Governor’s Garden lot to the City Dock. Hyde Alley was created to link Cornhill to Church Street (now Main Street). Only one side of Bloomsbury Square had been developed, and Bladen Street cut through the intended grand residential urban square. By the 1780s, a superb collection of Georgian houses, as remarkable for their architecture as their urban character, had been completed. The fronts of these homes were set close to the street, allowing space for formal gardens and work areas behind the house, thus maximizing both privacy and utility. In eighteenth century England these Figure 15. Sachse’s Bird’s Eye View of the City of Annapolis, 1858. houses would have been residences of merchants, The urbanity of the built environment and the lush vegetation of the squires, clerics and the like, but in Annapolis they location are both revealed in this print. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-379) represented the colonial version of the monumental town houses of English gentry in London. These houses include the homes of William Paca, John contain more than two thousand inhabitants.” Brice and John Ridout, as well as the Chase-Lloyd The City’s financial prospects improved in the House, Hammond-Harwood House, and others. More mid-nineteenth century with expanded railroad modest houses, built without side yards and often connections which could provide support services for sharing party walls, completed the urban street space. the arrival of the United States Naval Academy. Old

By the late eighteenth century, Annapolis faced Fort Severn on Windmill Point, a military fort dating the necessity of adapting to the evolving economy of from the Revolutionary War era, was transferred to a newly formed country. Long term economic growth the Navy Department in 1845, for use as a training was inhibited by its shallow harbor, which could not school for officers. Over the last two centuries, the accommodate the larger deeper draft ships of the Naval Academy‘s buildings and coastal alterations late eighteenth century. The deep-water harbor of have had a profound effect upon the landscape and the Baltimore City became the focus of the Chesapeake Bay Severn River’s shoreline. Access to the original Severn area commercial and industrial expansion. Count La Ferry, at the north end of Maryland Avenue, was cut Rochefoucauld visited Annapolis in 1797, and noted: off and the Naval Academy, which encompassed 338 “the population diminishes every year and does not acres, replaced the neighborhood from Hanover Street northeast to the water. A parallel influence on the city’s economy was the extension of a railroad spur into Annapolis, in 1840. The introduction of rail travel improved connections and communication with Washington, D.C. and became the basis for freight shipment servicing the Academy as well. The railroad passenger station was located along inner West Street, the traditional inland link to the

Figure 16. Gray’s New Map of Annapolis, by O.W. Gray and Son, 1877. By this date the expanded Naval Academy had truncated the original town plan. A comparison of this map with the present map (Figure 4) reveals the extent of development in the last 135 years. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3446) 15 town. In the 1858 “Bird’s Eye View of Annapolis” by E. and Randall streets were extended. Sachse and Co., the old city’s fully established pattern In 1890 Compromise Street was extended to at mid-century is clearly seen. The intimate town scale connect Main Street to the Spa Creek Bridge when is apparent; the early Academy grounds are visible; and negotiations between waterfront landowners and the the visual dominance of the State House is clear. city were resolved. Although parts of Compromise Street After the Civil War, transportation improved again, dated to 1837, it did not extend to the bridge until this encouraging development of areas outside the original late date. This final connection essentially completed the town limits. A steamboat landing was constructed at the historic area city plan as it appears today. foot of Prince George Street. After 1868, West Street was Except for changes necessitated by demands made no longer the only road leading into the peninsular city. on small-scale streets by automobiles and large-scale One bridge was built across College Creek and another government office buildings, twentieth century changes across Spa Creek, providing additional land routes to the to the city’s layout have been minor. city. By 1885, Martin Street was added and King George

Character-Defining Features and Styles in Annapolis

The historic district possesses a strong urban character century buildings of diverse styles. For all its diversity, formed by the radial city plan, sloping terrain, and there is a visual unity within the historic district, numerous water views. Within this unique framework which results from the human scale of the buildings survives an outstanding collection of eighteenth century and streetscapes. It is this unity which the Historic Georgian houses amidst nineteenth and twentieth Preservation Commission seeks to preserve.

Characteristics of Annapolis Streetscapes Nicholson’s unique plan has survived both in-fill and overlay. Scattered through its eighteenth century town form are over fifty Georgian era structures that represent the city’s golden age. Within this framework, the narrow streets and uniform setbacks are unifying elements. Each building contributes to the closely scaled urban street scheme, with St. Anne’s Church and the State House serving as visual and cultural focal points. The whole is completed by the building facades, which define the streets, and by the open spaces, which provide relief to and focus for the eye.

Characteristics of Annapolis Buildings While architecture as a fine art is shaped by the artistic sense, it is bound by the available materials, technology and skills of any given time. Perhaps these limitations are the strongest determinants of the harmonious scale and unity of our older communities, particularly Annapolis. Because of the temperate Figure 17. View of intersection of Main Street and Francis Tidewater climate, the high water table and the limited Street, 1888-1890. The intersections of radiating streets with materials and technology available to eighteenth rectilinear streets contained in the Nicholson plan created century craftsmen, pre-nineteenth century Annapolis unusual triangular shaped lots, dramatic visual axes and vistas. buildings share important characteristics. The first floor (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, of most buildings was raised up from the ground on MSA SC 985-65) 16 foundations typically made of stone. Stone is less porous than brick or wood and therefore the most suitable foundation material. A distinctive feature of Annapolis masonry is galleting, the placement of small pebbles or stones in masonry mortar joints, which reduced the amount of mortar required, and provided stability when setting Figure 18 (above). Detail of irregular stone. This galleting, William Paca House. practice, found in the lowlands of Northern Europe, peaked in Figure 19 (left). Brick bond types employed England in the early in Annapolis, The all-header bond is a eighteenth century. distinctive Maryland bond type. Galleting was not widespread in the colonies; therefore, its use in Annapolis is a distinctive, The significant public structures were constructed character defining feature. of brick because of its fire resistance, as were the great Houses built in Annapolis in the 17th and 18th houses built from the 1740s to the 1770s. Production centuries were modest one-story, wood frame structures of bricks and bricklaying in 18th century Annapolis with brick chimneys and typical of the Tidewater region. were highly skilled trades. Brick work in the colonies Small houses formed most street edges, separate or was laid predominantly in either English bond, having attached, ranging from 18-22 feet in width. This typical alternating courses of stretchers (long sides) and house width related to the practical limit for an efficient headers (ends), or Flemish bond, having in each course span for wooden floor joists. Larger houses were limited alternating stretchers and headers. Walls of header bond similarly by the practical spanning distance for wood (all ends facing out), are almost unique to Maryland, and members, and their dimensions represent multiples of particularly to Annapolis and Chestertown. such modules. Styles of Annapolis Architecture Architectural “style” refers to the manner or mode of building practice at one period of time or in a particular region during that period. Style is distinguished by certain characteristics of design, construction and ornament. Annapolis contains a diversity of styles which reveal a chronology of the city’s development and also indicate information about the city’s economic life. For example, in Annapolis the Greek Revival style is not well represented because in the early nineteenth century, when the Greek Revival style was fashionable, the city was in a period of economic decline. One of the most commonly used terms in describing architectural styles is vernacular, which refers to commonplace structures built without formal plans, in the local tradition, using local materials. While the State House and houses of the Figure 20a. Typical house second half of the 18th century reflect the Georgian dimensional units. The scale of style, most of the 18th century buildings in Annapolis the city has been created by the are Chesapeake Tidewater vernacular. typical lengths of structural spanning members used in Annapolis buildings. 17 Figure 20b. needed with little regard for appearance. Gable-end Shiplap House, chimneys predominate in Annapolis. Occasionally, 18 Pinkney chimneys were incorporated into brick end-walls on Street, c. 1715. The steep roof, frame houses. As the 18th century progressed, some mix of three vernacular houses began to adopt elements of the types of siding, emerging Georgian style, particularly the symmetrical small windows, façade. One good example of this adaptation is the Judge and single pile John Brice House on Prince George Street. floor plan are characteristic of early eighteenth Examples: century verna Shiplap House (c. 1715), 18 Pinkney Street cular dwellings Charles Carroll (Barrister) House (1724), in Annapolis. St John’s College Campus (Marion Warren Patrick Creagh House (c. 1737), Collection, 160 Prince George Street Maryland State Archives, Hohne/Slicer House (c. 1770) 45 Fleet Street MSA SC 1890-243) Georgian Style The Georgian style in architecture is named for the era in which it flourished: the reigns of the first three Georges in England (from 1714 to 1820). The primary influence Colonial Vernacular on Georgian design was the work of 16th century Italian Early eighteenth century vernacular structures illustrate master Andrea Palladio. Palladio’s designs employed the transition from post-medieval forms to Georgian geometric proportions and organizing principles derived style architecture. These buildings are either brick or from ancient Roman structures and the work of Roman frame construction with gambrel or gable roofs. The architect Vitruvius, whose De Architectura was first steep pitch of some gable roofs is a direct holdover from published in England in 1715. the earlier post-medieval emphasis on verticality. These In Maryland architecture, the Georgian style is best early vernacular structures are single pile in plan (one illustrated in buildings constructed between 1740 and room deep) with doors and windows placed where 1784 (the end of the Colonial era). The American version of the Georgian style reflects the English interpretation of Italian Renaissance architecture which, in turn, was based on classical Roman architecture. In the colonies, as in England, the Georgian style is characterized by the rigid symmetry used in the placement of doors and windows in the front facade and the use of classical elements such as columns, pediments, and richly carved and molded cornices. Also evident are fine brickwork, including belt courses, molded water tables, rubbed and gauged jack arches.

Figure 21 (above). Jonas Green House, 124 Charles Street, before 1735. This small scaled Georgian house portrays Georgian principles of symmetrical balance and horizontality. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-244)

Figure 22 (right). Upton Scott House, 4 Shipwright Street, c. 1765, rear view. (Maryland State Archives Special Collections, MSA SC 2545-3741) 18 After 1750, affluent Annapolis residents had access to pattern and design books published in London by architects and builders, including some based on Palladian design principles. Local buildings in the Georgian style feature some uniform characteristics such as being two-and-a-half or three stories tall, having main entrances centered on the front facade with window and doors evenly spaced, a double-pile plan (two rooms deep) and five or seven bays wide. Beyond this uniformity, however, there are differences. Some of the large 18th century houses in Annapolis can be termed Provincial Georgian. These are the houses Figure 24. William Paca House, 186 Prince George with steep gable roofs, massive end chimneys, brick Street, 1763-1765. The Paca House was the first of the Palladian great houses constructed during Annapolis’ walls laid in header bond and a lack of sophistication “Golden Age.” (Marion Warren Collection, in the handling of the classical elements. Ridout House Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3590) (1763), the William Paca House (1763) and the James

Federal Style The Federal period, 1789-1830, was a time of great urban growth in eastern seaboard cities; the Federal style is frequently associated with this growth. However, after the Revolution, Annapolis continued to build modestly in the familiar Georgian forms reflecting a conservative tradition. Examples of the Figure 23. Palladian Five-Part Plan. Andrea Palladio (1580-1640) urban Federal architecture do not appear until the late developed a five-part plan organization for country houses consisting 1840s and 1850s when the Naval Academy brought of a central block connected by hyphens to symmetrical dependencies. economic growth. The style is characterized by more Palladian houses were fashionable in eighteenth century England and slender, graceful forms. Windows exhibit narrow its North American colonies. A simplified three-part plan was also employed, for example, at the Upton Scott House (figure 22).

Brice House (1767) are examples of Provincial Georgian, although the latter two also exhibit the Palladian- inspired formal five-part plan usually associated with high-style Georgian architecture. High-style Georgian houses are those that have a lower hip roof, less prominent chimneys placed on the interior, Flemish bond, molded brick water tables, central, pedimented pavilions and richly carved moldings. The header bond used in the Upton Scott House (1762-63) and the elaborate door surround and Palladian/Venetian window on the garden façade of the Chase-Lloyd House (1769) are both excellent examples. Palladian Georgian is the grandest expression of the Georgian style. Derived from Palladio’s published designs for Italian villas, elements of this style were used widely in Tidewater Maryland and Virginia. These houses are high-style Georgian with a five-part plan, Figure 25. Hammond-Harwood House, 19 Maryland Avenue, which is a symmetrical ensemble consisting of a five-bay 1774. Designed by William Buckland, this high Georgian mansion central block connected by closed passages (hyphens) to features strict exterior symmetry and elegant carved wood details. two-story wings. The Hammond-Harwood House (1774) (Plan courtesy of Hammond-Harwood House; photo, Marion Warren is the premier example of this style in the United States. Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2784-2)

19 The fully developed temple front, which is the purest application of the style, was not employed in Annapolis. Instead, the temple form was abstracted and followed in proportion and scale. In Annapolis the Greek revival style appears Figure 26. Federal style mainly in the form of post and lintel door surrounds. shop, 109 Main Street, One unique example, which demonstrates that the sense about 1800. Because of the economic change of monumental dignity can be realized in miniature, is after the Revolution, few the Franklin Law Office, 17 State Circle (circa 1850). Federal style buildings were constructed in Gothic Revival, 1840-1890 Annapolis. (Marion Unlike most architectural styles, the Gothic Revival Warren Collection, had its origin in romantic literature. Medieval detailing Maryland State Archives, such as steep roofs, pointed arch openings, buttresses MSA SC 1890-2900) and crenellated parapets were characteristic of Gothic Revival detailing. In Annapolis, the style was featured in ecclesiastical structures where the verticality of the style was fully developed in the form of church spires. Two examples of Gothic Revival ecclesiastical architecture are: St. Mary’s Church (1858), 7 Duke of Gloucester Street Mount Moriah Church/Banneker-Douglass Figure 27. Law Office, Museum (1874), 84 Franklin Street 17 State Circle, 1850. An example of Greek Romanesque Revival, 1850-1890 Revival architecture Romanesque Revival architecture is identified by its use in miniature. (Marion of the semi-circular arch for window and door openings. Warren Collection, Walls are masonry and facades are often flanked by Maryland State square or polygonal towers of differing heights. The one Archives, MSA SC full-form example of the early Romanesque Revival is St. 1890-3451) Anne’s Church (Figure 29). This Lombard Romanesque form of bold, rounded arches and broad wall surfaces was chosen for the 1859 reconstruction of St. Anne’s Church on its original 18th century foundation. proportions, with larger panes of glass and thinner muntins than those on Georgian windows. Elliptical fanlights and sidelights at doorways featured delicate tracery. Flemish bond masonry joints are refined to pencil line thinness. After 1830, America’s interest in diverse styles produced a broad range of designs, including those from European architecture, which were adapted for the American lexicon to create new forms of expression appropriate to different types of buildings. These include buildings in the Greek Revival, Gothic Revival, Romanesque, Italianate, and French Second Empire styles.

Greek Revival, 1825-1860 The Greek Revival style was typified by the temple form, which put a building’s principal elevation at the gable Figure 28. Greek Revival Commercial Building, 206 Main end. Using the rules of the Doric, Ionic, or Corinthian Street, about 1840. The temple form of the Greek Revival style orders, builders followed carpenters’ manuals and is abstracted to a simple gable end with simple pilasters builders’ guides to proportion and detail new buildings. and lunette attic windows. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3506)

20 Italianate, 1850-1900 The most predominant Victorian revival style in Figure 29a. The Gothic Annapolis, seen here in many variations, is the Italianate Revival style St. Mary’s style. This style is identified easily by heavy wooden Church, Duke of Gloucester brackets that support a deep overhanging cornice. The Street. (From Historic Annapolis Foundation, A wide overhanging cornices, with their machine-cut Guide to Domestic and brackets, were well suited to row house design, often Commercial Architecture continuing from row house to row house, forming a Styles in Annapolis, 1975) continuous horizontal element along the top of the row house walls. The flat facades of typical row houses refer to the urban palaces of Italian Renaissance cities. Projecting bay windows, oriels, and door hoods were applied to punctuate flat wall surfaces. Since all such features were usually mass-produced and available locally, the Italianate style was used commonly for commercial structures, for economic reasons. An example of a free standing, more elaborate form of this style is 243 Prince George Street. Figure 29b. The Romanesque Revival style St. Anne’s French Second Empire, 1865-1890 Church, Church Circle, 1859. The French Second Empire emulated forms developed (From Historic Annapolis during Napoleon Ill’s reign (1852-1870). The primary Foundation, A Guide to feature of American versions of this robust style was the Domestic and Commercial mansard roof, which makes full use of the attic space Architecture Styles in by wrapping it with a short, steep, vertical or curved Annapolis, 1975) hip roof, capped by a flat or near-flat central roof. Sizable window panes provide air and light to the attic. French Second Empire structures sometimes used the general vertical proportions of the Italianate style and the larger windowpanes available after the Civil War, notably 2-over-2 double-hung sash.

Figure 31. Figure 30. Italianate facade Maryland with bracketed cornice, Inn, Duke of 118 Main Street, 1888-95. Gloucester During the second half of Street and the nineteenth century, Main Street at the vitality of commercial Church Circle, enterprise was expressed 1784, Mansard in the decoration of street roof added facades. Bracketed cornices, 1868. Above: door and window hoods, Watercolor of and elaborate storefronts Maryland House, c. 1794. Right: Maryland Inn after 1868 additions, embellished new and including a Mansard roof and porches. (Watercolor by permision remodeled structures. of the Hammond-Harwood House Association, Inc., State House (Mame Warren Collection, Graphics Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1556-10; Maryland photograph: Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, State Archives, MSA MSA SC 1890-2792) SC 985-112) 21 Shingle, 1880-1900 The Shingle style is an indigenous American style, which unified early traditional house shapes into a balanced and picturesque silhouette wrapped with the warm texture of wood shingles. The Shingle style was at first used widely for informal, summer houses with porches inset within the overall building mass. An example of the Shingle style in Annapolis is 61 Franklin Street (1903).

Figure 32. The Zimmerman House, 138 Conduit Street, c. 1895. The exuberance of the Queen Anne Revival style is exemplified in this picturesque residence. Professor Charles A. Zimmerman, builder of the house and band Figure 33. 61 Franklin Street, 1903. Shingle style houses master at the Naval Academy, composed “Anchors Aweigh” often were based on colonial buildings; walls and roofs were during his residence here. (Marion Warren Collection, finished with shingles. (From Historic Annapolis Foundation, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2990) A Guide to Domestic and Commercial Architecture Styles in Annapolis, 1975)

Buildings were decorated with brackets and other Late 19th & early 20th Century Revivals, 1895-1930 ornamental forms cut out of flat wood. The French After the 1876 Centennial celebration, American Second Empire style became popular in Annapolis architects began to use over-scaled colonial forms for both residential and commercial buildings and it and details in their Queen Anne and Shingle style was even used to modernize the appearance of earlier compositions, and to design complete Colonial Revival structures, such as the Maryland Inn. The Maryland Inn interpretations. Effect was often more important than was originally built in 1784 but was expanded upward correctness in the Colonial Revival houses of the turn of and ornamented after 1868. The Governor’s Mansion, the 20th century. Porches, complex floor plans, and over- built in 1866 on State Circle, was originally French scaled windows were all accommodated. An example of Second Empire style and remodeled in 1935 in the Neo- the Colonial Revival is 59 Franklin Street. Georgian style (see next page).

Queen Anne Revival, 1875-1890 The Queen Anne Style originated in England with the architect Richard Shaw, in 1868. Irregularity of plan, massing and use of various textures are features of this style. Early English examples were built of brick and stucco with terra-cotta tiles or wood shingles hung on wall surfaces. Slate roofs with terra cotta cresting, cross gables, paneled, stacked chimneys, turrets and towers all contribute to the Queen Anne style. The duplex at 88 State Circle, 1878, (see pages 10 and 29) is a good local example of the early Figure 34. 59 Franklin Street. The Colonial Revival style, which English Queen Anne style. Later the style was often grew out of the 1876 Centennial Exhibition, has proven to be one of interpreted in wood, which was manipulated with the most long-lived architectural styles in Annapolis. (From great exuberance and without restraint to create a Historic Annapolis Foundation, A Guide to Domestic and picturesque effect, as in the Zimmerman House (1893). Commercial Architecture Styles in Annapolis, 1975)

22 Figure 35. The Governor’s Mansion (Government House), State Circle, was built in 1866 in the French Second Empire style (left) and remodeled in 1935 in the Neo- Georgian style (below). (left: The Annapolis I Remember Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 2140- 304; below: Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2474)

In the twentieth century, with architects better equipped with academic studies and their clients more conscious of historically correct forms, the Colonial Revival style included more literal copies of colonial Georgian structures. Because of the marvelous Georgian examples in Annapolis, the local Georgian Revival style carefully recreated early local details. For example, the 1870 French Second Empire style Governor’s Post-Modern Style Mansion, on State Circle, when remodeled in 1935, The current “post-modern” style in the United States is was transformed to the outward expression of its local characterized by its use of abstracted historical forms Georgian predecessors. and design elements, and is represented in Annapolis. First conceived as a protest to the abstract and banal Modern Movement quality of modern architecture, the post modern style Following the structured, anti-revivalist style of the began as a search for a design vocabulary which would Bauhaus and other European movements, as well as the relate new buildings to their contexts, so as to be of a American designs of Frank Lloyd Wright and others, the more human scale. Post-modernism has developed now International style emerged in the 1930s. The International its own set of design elements, such as cross gables, style has evolved into what today is called Modern arched windows and dormers, often employed as a Architecture. While the term “modern” has been used formula without reference to context. repeatedly in design history, it has come to represent New construction in the historic district will a style of twentieth century architecture characterized have to be based on a careful mix that respects the by abstract facade designs, extensive use of glass and existing scale, material and fenestration, while clearly metal as facade materials, lack of ornamentation or representing 21st century design. small detailing, frequently complex massing, exterior expression of the interior function, expression of structural or massing elements, and new materials. Many twentieth century Modern buildings lack human scale. While Annapolis has some successful modern in-fill buildings, others are disruptive to their historic contexts. Two good examples of the Modern Movement can be seen at 6 Cumberland Court, the Reverend J. Winfrey Smith House, and Mellon Hall at St. John’s College. In Annapolis, most modern design is seen in remodeled storefronts on major retailing streets. Modern storefronts featuring large sheets of glass, sidewalk-level access to building interiors, and aluminum doors and window frames have replaced Figure 36. 6 Cumberland Court, the Rev. J. Winfrey Smith house. many historic storefronts in Annapolis. (Photograph courtesy of Donna C. Hole)

23 Figure 37. Upton Scott House, 4 Shipwright Street, 1762-63. The Upton Scott House was described as “the best town house in America” by Daniel Dulany shortly after its completion. (Willie Graham, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, 1996)

24 Chapter 3 Designing for the Historic District

Concepts and Principles of Scale Historic Architecture Scale may be thought of as the relationship of the parts to a whole. Scale in architecture is a measure of Introduction the relative or apparent size of a building or building Architectural styles alone do not provide enough component in relation to a known unit of measure information about buildings to be used as a basis for or a familiar size for such a component. A building evaluating proposed changes to existing buildings is of human scale when the size of architectural and proposed new buildings. Evaluation through components relates to the size of an adult human body. the application of the design principles of historic architecture is a more precise and more descriptive method of considering the appropriateness of proposed changes. Design principles provide a vocabulary for evaluating new buildings within an existing historic context. It is not the goal of the historic district ordinance to encourage new buildings to copy historic styles. To the contrary, the ordinance encourages good contemporary design which follows the design principles of existing neighboring buildings, and respects the scale, proportions, order, rhythms, and materials of the prevailing historic context. Historically, stylistic features were an integral part of original building design. Over time, stylistic features were applied to alter the appearance of the building shell. For example, a block of brick row houses may feature examples of more than one architectural style and yet remain a very homogeneous group by Figure 38. Cornhill Street, 1990. Although several architectural the consistent use of architectural design principles. styles are represented in this streetscape, the overall character of The common building scale and proportions, the the row is one of architectural harmony. The common building facade material, the rhythms provided by window scale and proportions, facade materials, the rhythms provided by and door openings, and the constant cornice height window and door openings, and the constant cornice heights make make the differences in architectural styles a secondary the differences in architectural styles unimportant. (Marion Warren consideration. Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3265)

25 building relative to the same components on its historic or contemporary neighbors. Outdoor spaces, including streetscapes, possess Figure 39. Front elevation scale as well. The walls of buildings, hedges, fences, of the center block of and outbuildings create outdoor spaces where scale is the James Brice House, created by the height and spacing of buildings, the width begun 1767. The scale of this of the street, and landscape elements. The intimate scale facade relates to the dimensions of the human of Annapolis streetscapes is formed by the residential body. Note the close scale of buildings, the width of the street, the placement relationship of of buildings on their lots, the human scale of building the circle of the features such as railings, porches, windows, shutters, classic Vitruvian doors, and the presence of trees and shrubs. figure drawn An institutional or commercial building newly by Leonardo da constructed within an existing residential neighborhood Vinci (simplified) may be described as having a neighborhood scale if its to the arched overall size is similar to typical neighboring residences, surround of the or if the whole is broken down into building elements second story hall that are similar to its neighbors. window.

Figure 40. Building components such as windows are scale-giving A building may be said to be of residential scale when elements which can be used as visual measuring devices. The left its architectural components, such as doors, windows, facade appears to be a one-room, one-story building, while the and rooms, are of sizes typically encountered in right facade appears to be a multi-room, three-story building. buildings where people dwell. Building components, such as familiar size doors and windows, are said to The architectural diversity of Annapolis streets be scale-giving elements which can be used as visual is visually pleasing because within the differences in measuring devices in their context. Scale is perhaps styles there remains a harmony of scale. This harmony the most important design principle to be considered is enhanced through the use of common building in evaluating proposed new construction in historic materials. These materials—bricks, clapboards, shingles, neighborhoods. window panes—are made of natural materials and The principle of scale applies both to individual use traditional construction methods. The harmony is buildings and to streetscapes. In an urban setting, further enhanced when these materials are used in units where each building functions as a part of the larger which are of a human scale. streetscape, building scale is of paramount importance. The contrast in scale formed by 18th century great The scale of any proposed building relative to the houses standing in a setting of more modest dwellings size of adjacent “building units” is both an issue of 1) reveals the social order of the pre-industrial city, where dimension, i.e. the overall size of the proposed building homes of the wealthy were distinguished by size rather mass compared to existing buildings, and 2) the visual than by being segregated into prestigious enclaves. relationship of windows and doors of an individual The mix of large and small dwellings is one of the most significant qualities of the Annapolis streetscape.

YES The scale of a large new building is broken down NO The new garage building is out of scale in to relate to the context of detached dwellings. its context of detached dwellings. Figure 41. Sketch of a simplified streetfront. A large building planned within an existing residential neighborhood may be given a residential scale by breaking down its mass into building blocks (building elements) that are the same scale as neighboring buildings.

26 Figure 43. Georgian house dependencies make a transition between the large central blocks of the great houses and the neighboring nineteenth century infill buildings On the left is the Paca House right dependency; on the far right is the Brice House left dependency. The mix of large and small scale dwellings is one of the most significant qualities of the Annapolis streetscape.

Figure 42. The common brick, handmade in the Proportion eighteenth century, is scaled to the human hand. Proportion in architecture deals with the comparative relationships among parts, with respect to size and ratio of dimensions. Our visual sense of proportion derives from the Renaissance: “The purpose of proportion is to establish harmony throughout a structure—a harmony which is made comprehensible either by the conspicuous use of one or more of the orders as dominant components or else simply by the use of dimensions involving the repetition of simple ratios.” (John Summerson, The Conversely, in the commercial, governmental, and Classical Language of Architecture, Cambridge, institutional areas of the district, new large buildings MA: MIT Press, 1963, p. 8). for modern functions intrude upon the historic setting. Because newer buildings tend to be larger, Thus, in a well-proportioned building the parts of the significance of the size of the State House and the building are arranged in a harmonious and balanced the churches is diminished. As more and more large way. Numerous proportioning systems exist in western buildings are constructed, the diversity in architecture, all devised with the intent of creating a scale that these historic public buildings once provided is diminished.

Figure 45. Proportioned study of the street and garden facades of the Hammond-Harwood House. The carefully proportioned facades of this Georgian masterpiece reflect the Figure 44. Top: Geometrical system of Renaissance preference for elemental geometric shapes such as squares and proportion; Bottom: The Golden Section. circles. (Base drawing courtesy of the Hammond-Harwood House.)

27 American architecture was introduced to the colonies principally by means of English pattern books and carpenters’ guides. Using such printed information, craftsmen in eighteenth-century America were able to provide even modest dwellings with exterior moldings and trim originally designed for grander houses. The visual harmony that is so noticeable in Annapolis was the result of the skill of the local craftsman and the availability of published guides.

Figure 46. Reconstruction drawing of nineteenth century commercial building. The vertical proportions of the facade are repeated in the proportions of the doors, windows, and window panes. (Base drawing courtesy of Historic Annapolis Foundation.) sense of order among elements in a visual composition, and all based on the principle that certain mathematical relationships express harmony. The most well-known system of proportion is the Golden Section, which dates from classical Greece and was thought to embody the proportions of the human body (see page 27, figure 44). From the sixteenth century to the nineteenth century, there was a consensus in architecture that the parts should correspond to the whole and to each other. Such reasoning required planning prior to construction. As a result, detailed facade studies were made to analyze the proportions of facade elements relative to the whole. Classically inspired proportion in

Figure 48. Front elevation and plan of a center hall plan house. The symmetrical facade is a highly ordered facade. The center doorway with two windows on either side implies an ordered plan consistng of center hallway and flanking rooms.

In Annapolis, the proportions of windows and doors relate quite directly to the proportions of building elevations. The vertical proportions of a tall row house are reinforced and repeated in the vertical emphasis of its windows, doors, and even Figure 47. Balance in facade design. The first level of analysis of a the door paneling. The horizontal proportions of the building facade is its balance. Doors, windows, and other elements great houses are repeated in the planar areas of brick of a building have visual weight that balances around a visual axis. between windows, and floor plans.

28 Order Order in architecture refers to the arrangement and relationships of the parts of a building. The first level of analysis of a building facade is its balance. Doors, windows, and other elements of a building’s design may be said to have visual weight that balances around a visual axis. A symmetrical facade, in which a center doorway is flanked by an equal number of evenly spaced windows on each side, is a highly ordered facade. A symmetrical facade suggests to the viewer that an equally ordered plan consisting of center hall and flanking rooms exists inside. A symmetrical facade is more formal than an asymmetrical one, and may be used to convey the stature or significance of a more important community function (such as a church or courthouse) or a higher social status (such as a great house). An asymmetrical facade is generally less formal and less pretentious. Although the side- hall row houses of Annapolis have asymmetrical facades, they are, nonetheless, ordered. This order derives from the relationship of the

Figure 50. 86-88 State Circle, 1878. This pair of semi- detached dwellings skillfully employs the Queen Anne Revival use of projecting bays, paneled brick chimneys, specialized window shapes, and picturesque composition. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2897)

Figure 49. Front elevation and plan of side hall row house. exterior door and window arrangement to the interior Although the side floor plan. hall plan house has Each architectural style typically has embraced a an asymmetrical system of scale, proportion, and order determined by facade, it is ordered. the theoretical basis of the style. In the late-nineteenth This order derives century “Revival” styles, a deliberate effort was made from the relationship to break away from the rules or principles governing of the exterior classically inspired architecture. The Revival styles arrangement of door emphasized the romantic, avoided symmetry, and and windows to the interior floor plan. emphasized changes in scale and proportion to create picturesque compositions.

Rhythm Rhythm in architecture refers to the spacing and repetition of building elements. Almost all buildings are made of elements that repeat themselves, for example windows on a building facade or courses of brick. Row houses along a street create a rhythm by repeating a

29 Figure 51. Houses along Market Street. The regular spacing of houses creates a rhythm along the street.

similar width, due to the length of traditional floor joists. Detached dwellings in Annapolis create a pattern of solid and void along some streets. Building components, such as porches and stoops, also create a pleasing rhythm along streets. The rhythm of a building facade is created by the pattern of alternating wall and window areas, reinforced by the pattern created by multi- pane sash windows. Windows in historic building facades usually are not uniformly spaced, creating subtle complexities which express the order of the building plan. Because the modern office building does not require natural light for interior working spaces, it is characterized by undifferentiated space and a resulting standardized window pattern. The monotony created by this lack of historic rhythms is one of the most frequent criticisms made of modern architecture, and is particularly destructive to the character of a historic district.

Figure 52. Calvert House, 58 State Circle, altered late nineteenth century. Paired windows separated by planar areas of brick work create a visually dynamic rhythm. Note the centering of dormers over each pair of windows. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-3680)

30 Figure 53. Houses along Pinkney Street (left and below). The syncopated rhythm of porch posts and breaks in the porch railings relate directly to the entrance doors of these row houses. The rhythm of stoops along Pinkney Street expresses and identifies individual dwellings along the row. (Photographs courtesy of Donna C. Hole)

Figure 54. North elevation of 99 Main Street, 1790. The pattern of windows and wall on a facade creates a rhythm along the street. The change in window width and resulting change in rhythm from the first floor to the upper floors increases the visual interest of the facade. (Drawing courtesy of Historic Annapolis Foundation)

31 Figure 55. The Zimmerman House, 138 Conduit Street, c. 1895. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 1890-2990)

32 Historic District Design Guidelines

Contributing to a Context Organization of Design Guidelines of Architectural Unity Guidelines are organized following the five broad preservation goals of the Historic Preservation The purpose of the Annapolis historic district Commission, as follows: ordinance and these design guidelines is to protect the character of historic streetscapes and buildings within A Guidelines to preserve and enhance the city’s the historic district. This protection is achieved in two historic urban form. ways: 1) By encouraging new design which is visually B Guidelines to preserve and enhance individual compatible with a historic setting, and 2) By promoting historic streetscapes. alterations which are sensitive to historic buildings C Guidelines to facilitate compatible landscape and and streetscapes. The historic district possesses a strong urban site design. character formed by its radial city plan, sloping terrain, D Guidelines to preserve and protect historic and views to the water. Within this unique framework buildings, materials, and elements. survives an outstanding collection of eighteenth century Guidelines for archaeology Georgian houses amidst a setting of nineteenth and E twentieth century buildings of diverse styles. For all its diversity, there is a visual unity within the historic district which results from the human scale of the district’s buildings and streetscapes. It is this unity which the ordinance seeks to preserve. These guidelines provide the criteria required for applicants to design and to make changes which contribute to the district. Although the design guidelines are presented as a list of discrete items, the Commis sion’s review of any application for a proposed change is not a fragmented visual evaluation. Instead, the Commission considers the overall unity and relatedness of the design to its setting. Relatedness in this sense refers to a similarity of architectural aspects to create a unified harmony of its parts to the whole. This relationship of parts to the whole applies on two levels: 1) the building as a part of the whole streetscape, Figure 56. Aerial view of Annapolis. The radiating streets of the original town plan opened and 2) the parts of a building relative on to the water or an orthagonal street at one end, and were closed by State Circle or Church to the overall building. Circle at the other. (Photograph courtesy of Kevin Fleming)

33 Guidelines to Preserve and Enhance the City’s Historic Urban Form A.1 - The Town Plan and Focal Points New buildings should reinforce the historic town plan of Annapolis and should respect traditional views and visual focal points including the State House, St. Anne’s Church, and the water.

Figure 58. View of Spa Creek waterfront. Exterior changes to properties visible from Spa Creek and the harbor, both historic “public ways” in Annapolis, are subject to the requirements of the Historic District Ordinance. (Photograph courtesy of Donna C. Hole)

the scale of the street and disrupt the constant visual width of the street space.

A. 2 - Reinforcement of the Unique Town Plan New development on corner lots should preserve and reinforce the unique geometry and spatial relationships Figure 57. Partial plan of the historic district street formed by these intersections. intersections. Triangular and other unusual-shaped The unusual triangular shaped lots at radiating lots were created by the intersection of radiating streets with other streets. At all street intersections, corner street intersections are buildings should follow the property lot lines expressed in the floor in order to reinforce the town plan. plans of historic corner buildings such as the Maryland Inn, and should be expressed in new buildings. Corner buildings at right angle corners should follow Figure 58. View of the street form, and the Maryland Inn, should relate visually viewed from Church to both streets. Circle. The triangular plan of the building A. 3 - Views from end strengthens the Water the urban form of radiating streets. All projects which (Traceries, 1994) are visible from the water shall respect and reinforce the historic The dramatic pattern of streets converging on major character of the district and shall respect traditional spaces and radiating outward to views of the water views and visual focal points. (or other streets leading to the water) can be affected The earliest settlements in the city were along Spa adversely by site planning and building design which Creek and the Severn River. Visitors to Annapolis often do not reinforce the pattern. For example, large came by water, making the system of rivers and creeks buildings at the visual terminus of a street may alter an important gateway to the district. View sheds of the the human scale of the street and block historic views water as well as historic streetscapes as seen from the beyond. Changes in building setbacks also may alter water have a shape and proportion that have evolved

34 Figure 60. Plans and sections of “representative” streetscapes in Annapolis. There is no “typical” streetscape in Annapolis. The size of buildings, width of street, setbacks, and building use vary from neighborhood to neighborhood. Figure A (far left) shows a section of the most compact residential development in the historic district, for example, Fleet Street. Figure B (left) shows a section of a commercial block, for example, Main Street; and Figure C (below) shows a more suburban pattern of houses with front yards and landscaping, for example, Southgate Avenue.

in response to the growth patterns of Annapolis. The scale, placement and configuration of new structures, and plantings within these view sheds need to be carefully planned so that new elements do not alter or obscure the character of these historic patterns. Beyond the larger scale elements, an effort should be made to eliminate smaller objects that are likely to produce a sense of visual clutter. Visual clutter competes with and obscures the historic sense of space that is so essential to understanding the urban planning of Annapolis and its historic connection to the water. The City Code provides for the establishment of a view cone wherever a public right-of-way terminates a layer in the transition from public to private space, and at a waterway (Section 21.60.080). Fences, walls or each is subject to the review of the Historic Preservation plantings within the view cone cannot exceed 6 feet Commission. Public space includes the street paving in height and must be transparent above forty-eight for vehicles and sidewalks for pedestrians. Front yards, inches (48”). Trees shall not be planted closer than 15 stoops, and porches, while privately owned, are visually feet apart so as not to form a visual barrier. All plantings semi-public. Rear yards and side yards separated other than trees must be maintained at a height of forty- from the street by fences or hedges are private spaces. eight inches (48”) or less. The height of a fence, wall A well-maintained walk, plantings, and a preserved or planting shall be measured from the grade of the building are public gestures representing the efforts of public right-of-way. In the case where there is a change generations of residents to create a public presence in the of grade, at no point along the barrier shall the height city, which transcends personal gain. exceed the limits stated above except in such case were Buildings and landscape elements form walls of there are documented historic records to the contrary. outdoor spaces, which become the public halls and The handrails and guardrails around open terraces and reception rooms of the city. Street and sidewalk paving open porches within a view cone shall be transparent. is the flooring of these rooms, and the vegetation and street furniture the furnishings. The historic district Guidelines to Preserve ordinance is in place to protect the streetscape from and Enhance Individual insensitive change. The ordinance discourages the removal of landscape elements and obliteration of the Historic Streetscapes streetscape “walls” by a change in setback, any increase Introduction in the height and width of the “walls,” removal of the The residential streetscape is an ensemble of street, historic human scale, or disruption of the existing order sidewalks, fences, vegetation, and buildings. Each part is and pattern of rhythm along the street.

35 location. Designs or changes approved elsewhere in the district do not act as a precedent for a design under consideration. The immediate neighborhood of a proposed alteration, addition, or new building includes the subject lot and all lots on both sides of the street on which the lot fronts and the interior of the affected blocks for projects impacting the rear of the subject lot. For a corner lot or a lot adjacent to a corner lot, the immediate neighborhood includes all sides of the intersection. Where a lot falls near the edge of the historic district, historic buildings located near but outside the district boundaries are included in the lot’s immediate neighborhood.

B. 2 - New Building Design The design of new buildings and additions Immediate neighborhood of a lot Immediate neighborhood of a should be compatible with, but not imitate, at the center of a block. corner or near-corner lot. Figure 61. A new building should relate to the predominant historic characteristics of its immediate neighborhood.

Guidelines for Building Design B.1 - Visual Relationships between the Old and New A new building or addition existing historic should visually relate to buildings. contributing historic buildings New buildings in its immediate neighborhood which merely Figure 62. (above imitate the forms rather than to buildings in the and right) Height and and materials of historic district in general. The bulk of new construction historic buildings “immediate neighborhood” is are regulated by the Historic generally defined as at least 1/2 District Ordinance. dilute the quality block in both directions. of existing historic The Historic Preservation Commission will consider structures. Just as the appropriateness of a proposed design for its specific a museum would not present copies of art alongside original works of art, constructing copies of historic buildings among genuine ones is discouraged. Creative building design which is compatible with the character of the immediate neighborhood is encouraged. New buildings should be designed to strengthen the unity of the existing streetscape, and should follow the design principles of historic architecture described earlier. New buildings should not be mistaken for historic buildings.

Figure 63. Anne Arundel County Courthouse, Church Circle. Despite its large size, the courthouse facade facing Church Circle has a human scale because of the skillfull changes in plane and additive massing.

36 B. 3 - Building Height and Bulk New buildings should respect the bulk and height of neighboring buildings. The facade height and proportions of new buildings should be compatible with the predominant character of other buildings in Figure 64 Example of inappropriate the streetscape. infill. The building Building height maximums and bulk on the left is not regulations are contained in the Annapolis City Code integrated with (Sec. 21.56.Art.II). To determine in which height district the buildings that your property is located, please contact the Department surround it. of Planning and Zoning. The City Code reflects the (Photograph maximum allowable height; however, the HPC may courtesy of require a lower height based on the specific site and Donna C. Hole) proposed building. Limiting the bulk and height of new construction is essential to protect the human scale of Annapolis streetscapes. When viewed from the street, the facade of a structure is its primary visual presence. The facade’s width and its sidewalk-to-cornice height are the predominant dimensions seen from the street and B. 4 - Relationship of Facade Parts to the Whole give the building scale and proportion. If the facade is All parts of a new building facade should be visually not a single plane, the dimensions of each plane facing integrated as a composition which should relate to the street usually establish the facade’s scale. A skillful adjacent buildings. historic example of a large building “broken down” to a The size and proportions of facade elements such as human scale by means of changes in planes is the Anne doors, windows, cornices, and water tables emphasize Arundel County Courthouse located on Church Circle. the vertical and horizontal dimensions of a facade. Built in 1824 and expanded in 1892, it was enlarged Exaggeration of these elements and the use of ribbon substantially in 1999 during a careful design review windows, vertical stacks of windows, and contrasting process involving the HPC. color brick courses create a design that is not compatible and out of proportion with historic buildings. The building cornice is a classically derived design feature, which caps the facade wall and finishes off the roof form. The scale and ornamentation of the cornice are proportioned to the dimensions of the facade and style of architecture. The facade of a new building or addition should be capped by a cornice relating to the scale and articulation of the proposed facade and other buildings in the immediate neighborhood.

B. 5 - Scale and Massing of Large Buildings Large new buildings should be designed as a series of masses or building elements compatible with the immediate neighborhood. “Building elements,” as referenced in Height and Bulk Limits, Chapter 21.56, Art.11 of the City Code, are the traditional size “building blocks” or masses most prevalent in the neighborhood of the proposed new building. The massing or volumetric shape of a building greatly affects the scale of a building and underlies all other architectural features. Figure 65. Details of Annapolis cornices. In new buildings and The typical Annapolis building is a simple volume, additions, the facade should be capped by a cornice relating to usually two stories in height, topped with a sloped the scale of the proposed facade. roof. Large traditional buildings consist of assemblies

37 Figure 68. Traditional additions to an attached and a detached residence. The visual prominence of the original building is maintained.

Figure 66. Front facade of the central block of the Hammond-Harwood House. The water table, belt course, height, scale and detail. and cornice (entablature) divide the facade of the building Additions which into nearly equal parts. compete with or obliterate an original of building blocks. This method of assembling structure will not be building blocks is described as additive massing. It approved. was traditionally employed in enlarging and adding The historic building to existing buildings, as well as in planning new should retain its original structures. A sense of order is always maintained massing and visual by keeping one mass visually dominant. The five- characteristics. Additions part Palladian plan, with its symmetry of smaller parts that compete in size with original buildings are strongly flanking a large central mass is the epitome of formal discouraged. If the addition is large relative to the additive planning in Annapolis. existing building, it should be designed with setbacks, offsets, hyphens, B. 6 - Size and Massing of Additions change of materials, Additions shall be designed to be subordinate to or mediating the main part of the building in terms of massing, architectural details relating to the original structure. The addition of projecting bays, oriel windows, or other incompatible additions should be avoided.

YES A successful example of a large building broken down into B. 7 - Cornice two “building elements.” (Sketches courtesy of Vivian P. Hopkins) Heights The eave height or cornice elevation of new buildings should relate to Figure 69. The projecting oriel the cornice or eave window which combined two historic height of adjacent windows disrupts the proportions and rhythm of the facade. buildings. Where all NO The large mass and size of this new building are not buildings in compatible with its immediate neighborhood. a row of three or more buildings are at the same height, the cornice height of a new building should Figure 67. A proposed building which exceeds the size of adjacent buildings should be planned as an additive composition made up of horizontally align with the contiguous cornices of the traditionally sized “building blocks” or “building elements.” other structure.

38 B. 8 - Roof Shapes Roof shapes on new buildings or additions should visually relate to the roof forms and slopes on neighboring historic buildings. The predominant Figure 70. Prevalent roof form types in the Annapolis historic district. roof form in the historic district is the gable roof. The most common roof forms on additions were gable and shed. On Figure 71. A shed or flat roof is often concealed many row houses and by a raised parapet on commercial buildings. commercial buildings, a shallow-pitched shed roof was completely concealed behind a decorative parapet or a Figure 72. false mansard roof. Modern, simplified forms of For gable roofs, the Mansard roof shall not be permitted. the roof slope of The pitch (slope) of a roof is related to the roof additions and new type. Gable roofs should not have less than a 7-in-12 buildings should pitch (7 inches of roof rise over a horizontal distance not have less of 12 inches). Steeper roof pitches should be than a 7-in-12 governed by the individual context. Shed roofs with pitch, and not sheet metal roofing may have a low pitch. Gambrel more than a roof slopes should be based on a historic precedent. 10-in-12 pitch except where a proposed addition roof is matching a steeper slope on an existing building.

Wherever possible, the reconstruction of missing building elements should be based on remaining physical evidence of the original element. Where inadequate physical traces survive, reconstructed elements should be determined by enlargements of historic views.

Guidelines for Site Design B.10 - Prevailing Setbacks The prevailing setback line at the street should be preserved. The pattern of setbacks surrounding a specific site may be considered as well. Figure 73. Historical photographs such as this view of Middleton Tavern, 2 Market Space, provide invaluable information regarding Any new construction should address the street in the earlier appearance of historic buildings. (Courtesy of Historic a manner consistent with neighboring structures and American Buildings Survey, Library of Congress. E. Pickering, 1936) the overall street form and character. The facade of a planned new building should respect the alignment of existing building facades relative to the sidewalk edge. B. 9 - Reconstruction of Building Components On blocks where buildings are set back, a new building Replacement of missing building elements and proposed should conform to the prevailing setback line. reconstruction of building components shall be based on The presence of front and side yards varies from surviving physical evidence and historic photographs. street to street in Annapolis. For any proposed addition Where traces or fragments of removed building or new building, the immediate neighborhood of the elements survive, they should be recorded and subject property will be considered in establishing an preserved for use in reconstructing the missing element. appropriate setback for the proposed construction.

39 NO The new building (shaded) is not compatible because YES The new building (shaded) blends into the existing it is wider than existing buildings on the street and because streetscape by being broken down into building elements the front facade is set back from the front lot line. and by repeating the prevailing setback. Figure 74. Plot plans along a street showing successful and unsuccessful new building.

B.11 - Building Widths and Spacing Stoops and porches make two important The prevailing relationships of building widths and contributions to the streetscapes of Annapolis: 1) they the spaces between buildings should be respected and provide a sense of human scale for a tall masonry wall, preserved. and 2) they create a rhythm along the street. See also Where buildings are built out to the side lot lines, guideline D.23. new buildings should be built out to side lot lines to maintain the sense of a “wall” along the street. Where B.13 - New Garages and Driveways buildings are clearly separated from one another by Garages and surface parking areas shall be concealed side yards, new buildings and additions to existing from the street by their location or by screening with buildings should not encroach into the side yard spaces. architectural or landscape features. Where the spacing of buildings and side yards creates Garages, driveways, and surface parking areas a rhythm, new buildings and additions to existing are twentieth century introductions to the historic buildings should not alter that rhythm. district. For new garage or driveway construction to be considered, plans must be in scale with the proportions B.12 - Stoops and Porches of the site and consistent with the architectural era of the New construction should incorporate traditional existing structures. When the HPC determines that a new elements which give scale to the streetscape, such as garage is appropriate based on the early 20th century porches or stoops, when they are present on adjacent character of the neighborhood and house, the structure historic buildings. should be placed at the rear of the lot, detached from the main house. The scale and detailing of the primary façade of the garage should be similar to the historic residence, and to other outbuildings in the district.

Guidelines to Facilitate Compatible Landscape and Site Design C.1 - Landscape Design and Materials Landscape design and materials should be appropriate for both the streetscape and the building to which they directly relate. The Commission shall be stricter in its criteria for landscaping fronting the public way than for the areas typically considered private landscape areas. Landscape design, materials, and plant preferences have changed over time. Within the historic district, landscaping visible from a public way should be Figure 75. A new building or addition in a neighborhood traditional in character, relating to both the building on of regularly spaced houses should follow the existing the site and the streetscape in general. pattern. Addition “A” encroaches on its side yard, interrupting the spacing between houses. New building “B” conforms to its immediate neighborhood. C. 2 - Topographical Features Building “C” is built the full width of its lot, Historic topographic features should be preserved disrupting the rhythm of spaces and buildings. wherever possible.

40 C. 5 - Retaining Walls Retaining walls shall be built with traditional masonry materials and methods. Railroad ties, pressure treated lumber, simulated stone and wood are not appropriate for use as retaining walls or as decking.

C. 6 - Fences and Other Landscape Features Fence designs and site walls for existing buildings should relate to the architectural style of the building. Fence designs and site walls for new buildings should relate to both the new building and to the predominant style of fencing of neighboring buildings. Arbors, pagodas and other landscape features are subject to HPC review and must be consistent with the overall style of the building. The following fence types are not compatible with historic district landscapes and are not permitted: chain link, vinyl, trek, shadow Figure 76a. Stoops at Calvert and Clay Streets (demolished). Stoops provide a sense of human scale and they create a rhythm along box/board on board, and stockade. Latticework is an the street. (The Annapolis I Remember Collection, Maryland State inappropriate component of fence design. Archves, MSA SC 2140-437)

To comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards, the relationship of a structure to its site should not be altered except in instances of the restoration of a historic landscape. Documented features may be restored. Leveling or terracing a lot that was traditionally characterized by a natural hillside is not recommended. All grading for sites over 5,000 square feet requires a permit from the Department of Public Works.

C. 3 - Building Access for the Mobility Impaired Building accessibility for individuals with disabilities should be achieved without compromise to historic materials or to character-defining elements of historic buildings and sites. Figure 76b. View of unobtrusive handicapped Every effort should be made to avoid access ramp, St. Anne’s Church. ramps and handicap lifts on primary facades of buildings. Methods of achieving accessibility should be integrated into the site plan. Figure 77. Picket fences and C. 4 - Tree Removal vertical board fences are Mature trees and shrubs should be preserved appropriate for pre-1850 buildings. whenever possible. Trees cannot be removed without a permit from the Department of Neighborhood and Environmental Programs and the HPC. The historic district is located within the state’s Chesapeake Bay Critical Area and any tree that is removed has to be replaced according to a formula based on the size and species of the tree. Replacement may occur either on site or off site.

41 Figure 78: Brick paving patterns which are pre-approved by the Historic Preservation Commission. Left to right: Basket Weave, Diagonal Flat, Cross Flat, Running Flat, Herring Bone.

Fences are evaluated in three different categories: specialists should be consulted for significant front, side and rear locations. Front fences should be landscapes. Planting styles and designs should low and visually transparent. Side fences should not approximate the period of the building. Parterres extend beyond the front plane of the structure and may would be appropriate to 18th century buildings, while be higher than the front fence but not substantially alter foundation plantings would be a 19th century style. the historic sense of open spaces between structures. The ultimate size and massing of the plants must be Rear fences should not extend forward of the rear plane taken into account, as well as possible adverse effects of the structure and typically should define the private on historic building materials. The use of native species areas of the landscape. is encouraged to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use and Fences for pre-1850 buildings should be wood improve compatibility with local climate conditions. picket or vertical board construction. While Victorian Lists of native plants and historically appropriate plant style residences frequently employed elaborate materials are available from Department of Planning ornamental fence designs, elaborate conjectural designs and Zoning staff. are discouraged unless clear photographic evidence survives for the proposed design on the affected site. C.10 - Curb Cuts and Off Street Parking Curb cuts and off street parking areas are discouraged. C. 7 - Landscape Lighting Where appropriate, they shall be carefully planned Landscape lighting should provide a clear view of to protect the historical character of the property and any potential obstacles in the environment, such as adjacent properties. Paving materials should be historic, stairs and pathway intersections, and ensure personal preferably brick. safety. Lighting may be installed to deter trespassers, to In addition to the visual appropriateness of a enhance security and to illuminate property addresses proposed curb cut or parking area, the Commission will adequately. also consider such physical factors as whether the cut Up-lighting, either on plantings or structures, is not will require altering the topography of the site and how permitted except for public, semi-public or landmark the proposed drive will affect existing vegetation. buildings. Asphalt and gray Portland cement concrete paving are discouraged, as are gray gravel and white stone. C. 8 - Landscape Planters Preferred materials include crushed oyster shell, brick, Landscape planters should be made of red clay or tinted and brick tire tracks. pre-cast concrete and should relate in size, scale and detail to their site. C.11 - Sidewalk Paving Materials Plastic, white concrete and wooden barrel planters Sidewalk paving should be brick, or match the paving are not appropriate. material on contiguous property. Brick should be laid in one of five traditional patterns. Paving materials for C. 9 - Landscape Plants garden walks should be traditional. Brick and crushed Landscape plants should be carefully chosen to relate oyster shells are appropriate. in size and scale to the building and spaces around the planting area on the site. Landscape plants that C.12 - Street Furniture are appropriate for the period of the building are Street furniture such as benches, bus shelters, trash encouraged. Plants used for a new building should be receptacles, bollards, news racks, bicycle racks and compatible with neighboring historic buildings and tables should be simple in character, constructed of sites. Use of plant material to screen utility structure is wood and painted metal. They should be compatible encouraged. with the style and scale of adjacent buildings and Historical landscape architects and horticultural outdoor spaces. In the approval process, consideration

42 will be given to number and placement as well as remaining examples of its kind within the district; resultant clutter. Consideration may also be given to 3. Whether the resource is a good example of the interplay between the rhythm created by the street design, materials or workmanship; furniture and the architectural rhythm of the nearby 4. Evidence that rehabilitation/restoration is neither streetscape. (See page 70 for more detailed information technically nor economically feasible due to the on Sidewalk Café Furniture.) design, materials, location or other factors; 5. Imminent collapse of structure and inability to Guidelines to Preserve and stabilize; Protect Historic Structures and 6. Feasibility of alternatives to demolition. their Components In accordance with City Code Section 21.56.090, no demolitions except those undertaken for D. 1 - Secretary of the Interior’s Standards public safety shall be approved until plans for a for Rehabilitation replacement structure have been submitted to and Except where more stringent requirements are stated approved by the HPC. in these guidelines, all work done on historic buildings Archeological research shall be conducted prior to should comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s demolition. Standards for Rehabilitation. D. 3 - Preservation of Significant Original Features D. 2 - Demolition Distinguishing original and historic features of historic Demolition potentially alters the essential character and buildings and their sites shall be preserved. integrity of the historic district and shall be reviewed These features include distinctive stylistic features, strictly. The demolition of contributing resources examples of skilled craftsmanship, and features such as (including but not limited to buildings, outbuildings, original siding, roofing material, windows, and doors. individual features and landscapes) does not meet the The restoration of historic building materials should Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and should not be be completed by craftsmen with specialized skills in approved. When hazardous public safety conditions building restoration. are determined to result from neglect on the part of the property owner, the property is subject instead to the provisions of Section 21.56.090 - Maintenance, Repair and Demolition by Neglect in the Historic District. A demolition may be approved by the Commission if one of the following two conditions exists: 1. The Department of Public Works orders demolition because of an existing dangerous condition that constitutes an emergency hazard to public safety. 2. The requested demolition will remove an inappropriate addition or incompatible building, and such removal is determined to have no adverse impact on the streetscape and/or overall integrity of the district. In its deliberations the Commission may consider the Figure 79. Detail of William Paca House foundation and cellar window. The all-header brick bond and the following: pebbles in the stonework mortar joints (galleting) 1. The significance of the resource affected are distinctive Annapolis details which require skilled craftsmanship to preserve. a. contributing versus non-contributing b. primary versus secondary component (garage, shed etc.) D. 4 - Preservation of Historic Alterations c. age of resource Significant changes to historic buildings and sites d. within or outside the period of significance of which have taken place over time are evidence of the the district; history of the building. Changes which have achieved 2. Whether the resource is the only or one of the last significance shall be preserved.

43 Most buildings have evolved over time as or pictorial evidence rather than by conjectural designs technology and uses changed. As a result, few buildings or designs from other buildings. Where architectural are in their original form. Although certain alterations elements, such as doors, are missing, the replacement may be inappropriate or non-contributing, most door should be appropriate to the style of architecture of changes are important because they reflect the changing the building. needs of building occupants over time. However, removal of intrusive, insignificant alterations will be D. 7 - Cleaning of Historic Buildings considered on a case by case basis. Exterior cleaning of historic buildings shall be done in the gentlest way possible. Destructive techniques such as sandblasting and the use of sealants are not permitted. YES Appropriate simple Wood siding should be cleaned using water and door and trim on vernacular household detergent cleaner, scrubbing the wood work frame house. with sponges or natural fiber brushes, followed by a water rinse at garden hose pressure. Brick masonry should be cleaned using a detergent cleaner and water, or if required, using a proprietary masonry cleaner diluted in water, scrubbing with natural fiber brushes, followed by a low pressure water rinse. Cleaning methods that will damage historic building materials shall not be undertaken.

D. 8 - Exterior Colors The HPC does not review exterior paint colors except in cases when it forms an integral part of the material proposed. It is recommended that exterior colors NO Inappropriate, overscaled door used on historic buildings should be based upon surround on same house documentation through research or paint analysis. If paint analysis is not feasible at the time of repainting, areas where paint layers are visible should be retained Figure 80. The doorway should be scaled to the size of the facade. for future paint analysis. Guidance on appropriate historic paint colors can be provided by HPC staff and Historic Annapolis Foundation. D. 5 - Repair and Restoration is Preferable Exterior colors should be appropriate to the to Replacement architectural style and period of the building. For Deteriorated historic architectural features shall be new buildings and additions, selected colors should repaired unless documentation of deterioration that relate to the building design and materials used, and justifies the replacement of historic material is provided. should be compatible with other colors used along the Alterations to original architectural features should be block. Exterior color schemes for buildings should be avoided during the repair process. subordinate to the composition of building elements. Patching, piecing-in, splicing, consolidating, or If repainting of an historic building is planned, otherwise reinforcing or upgrading historic materials the removal of all paint layers to bare wood is not according to recognized preservation methods is recommended. Simple scraping in preparation for new preferable to replacement. coats of paint in most cases is sufficient.

D. 6 - Missing and Deteriorated Components Guidelines for Preserving Missing pieces and components of historic building and Protecting Historic features which cannot be repaired should be replaced Roof Systems with exact copies. Broken, missing or deteriorated portions of D. 9 - Protection of Overall Character architectural features should be replaced with new Historic roof systems and original roof elements, materials that exactly replicate the original design of including steeples, domes, chimneys, dormers, the feature. Missing features should be replaced with and roof forms and materials, are important visual accurate replications which are substantiated by physical elements in the Annapolis historic district because

44 of the topography of the city. The roof-scapes of buildings at lower elevations are visually prominent from higher elevations, and waterfront roof-scapes are silhouetted from the water. Alterations that diminish or conceal these character-defining features are discouraged. Roof-top decks are highly visible and are strongly discouraged.

D. 10 - Roofing Materials - Historic Buildings Historic roofing materials should be preserved. New or replacement materials should replicate or be compatible with the materials used on the existing structure. Where existing historic roofing materials survive, they should be retained and repaired. Figure 81. Detail of sawn shingle roofing, west If deterioration is extensive and replacement dependency of the William Paca House. is required, new roofing should match existing historic roofing materials. For flat roofs the choice of replacement roofing materials should Replacement of existing asphalt shingle roofing be dictated by technical considerations. Selection of the with new asphalt shingle roofing is not prohibited; historic roofing material should be based on physical however, replacement using the building’s original evidence and/or historic photographs. roofing material (evidence for which is often found New roofing should not be more rustic than the beneath the asphalt shingles) is strongly encouraged. original material it is replacing. For example, sawn Asphalt shingles were introduced about 1910, and thus wood shingles are recommended for replacing existing are considered merely a less desirable substitute for wood shingle roofs; hand-split shakes are not. Life wood, slate, or metal for all buildings constructed prior safety codes require that new wood shingles have fire to 1900. Where asphalt shingle roofing is the proposed retardant coating. replacement material, shingles should be heavyweight, square tab strip shingles weighing not less than 290 pounds per square, of a color similar to the historic roofing material. Unpainted, mill finished aluminum is not allowed for flashing, gutters or downspouts. Figure 82. Detail D. I0a - Roofing Materials - Additions of standing Roofing materials used on additions to historic seam metal buildings should be compatible with the materials roofing. used on the existing structure. The roofing material of a proposed addition should match the roofing of the existing building. For example, where existing roofing is slate, new roofing should be slate or metal. Mixing wood Sheet metal roofing appeared in Annapolis after or asphalt shingle roofing with existing slate is not 1820 and was widely used. If metal roofing survives, recommended. it should be retained and repaired as necessary. Only severely deteriorated metal roofing should be replaced D. I0b - Roofing Materials - New Buildings with new metal roofing, and any such substitution Roofing for proposed new buildings should relate to the should be formed from rolled terneplate or copper, overall design of the new building, and should follow depending on the individual building. Pre-formed and the prevalent roofing material of the neighborhood. field-painted standing seam metal roofing systems New buildings in the historic district should not be similar to historic standing seam roofing are preferable roofed with asphalt shingles. to asphalt shingle roofing.

45 D. 11 - Dormers Skylights and dormers cannot be combined Historic dormers shall be preserved unless successfully on a roof plane. Skylights should be sized documentation of deterioration that justifies the and installed to fit between existing roof rafters to avoid replacement of historic material is provided. Dormer damaging original rafters and weakening the original design, proportions, and placement should be framing. compatible in size, scale, proportion, placement and detail with the historic gable and shed dormers found Guidelines for Preserving and in the historic district. New dormers in existing roofs are Protecting Historic Wall Systems discouraged. D. 13 - Historic Masonry Figure 83. Traditional gable dormers. Historic brick and stone masonry shall be preserved, Dormer placement was unless documentation of deterioration that justifies traditionally part of the replacement of historic material is provided. overall fenestration Brick is the design. prevailing masonry material in the historic district. Using English bond, Flemish bond, common bond, and header bond, Annapolis masons Historic buildings in Annapolis demonstrated great frequently employed dormers, either skill and imagination as part of an original design concept Figure 84. Shed dormer (left) in their brickwork. and segmental arch-headed or as an addition to utilize attic space. Historic dormers (right). Pediment dormers were generally used on masonry requires gable and hipped roof buildings, shed dormers specialized treatment were used on gambrel roof structures, and segmental to be preserved. Repointing is not considered routine arch-headed dormers were employed on mansard roofs. maintenance and is therefore subject to HPC review In neighborhoods where shed dormers or and approval. Although brick units themselves have a segmental arch-headed dormers occur, new designs long life, mortar joints deteriorate over time and require may be based on existing non-gabled designs provided periodic renewal. Where repointing is required, care they relate to the overall scale and proportions of should be taken to ensure that the mortar mix selected the proposed facade. Dormer placement should be matches the properties of the original mortar, that based on historic precedent within the immediate the brick is not damaged in the process of removing neighborhood of the affected building, and should be deteriorated pointing, set back two feet from the wall below. The total overall and that the new width of dormer should be no wider than 1/2 of the mortar matches the overall roof width. color, texture, and tooling of the original D. 12 - Skylights mortar. Mortar match Small skylights with a low profile may be permitted on approvals by the roof surfaces other than the primary facade. Skylights Historic Preservation will not be approved on front roof planes or on roof Commission will be planes facing Spa Creek or the harbor. made only on the basis All skylights should be of flat-glazed of test panels applied construction, mounted as close to the roofing as to actual brickwork. possible. Skylights should be designed as part of the Exterior paint on overall fenestration of a building, relating vertically existing buildings to other openings. Skylights that result in substantial should be spot tested up-lighting of the subject property or adjacent to determine the Figure 85. Skylights are not approved on roof planes properties will not be permitted. approximate date that visible from a public way.

46 the brickwork was painted and the condition of the profiles or non-historic original brick below. If a masonry building has been siding materials. The painted in the past, re-painting may be permitted. Only repair of existing historic under certain circumstances may exposed brick be siding is preferred to painted for the first time. replacement. Where the Prior to undertaking paint stripping operations, the HPC determines that Commission must review and approve a paint stripping repair of existing siding test panel to assure that no damage is caused to the is no longer feasible, brick during the cleaning process. Application of water- replacement siding repellent coatings or other sealants is not permitted. should replicate the existing material. D. 14 - New Masonry The siding used The brickwork of building additions should be on additions should compatible with the brickwork of the existing building. complement the siding The brickwork of new buildings should be compatible of the existing building. with the type and color of brickwork that is prevalent in Siding materials on the immediate neighborhood. new buildings should Many brick buildings in Annapolis are constructed be compatible with of handmade sand molded bricks, which were a shade traditional siding found Figure 87. Elevation showing of red. The color, size, and texture of new bricks should within the immediate siding and traditional be compatible with the brick colors found on historic neighborhood of the new components. buildings in the district. Modern extruded bricks, which building. lack the texture and variation of sand molded bricks, are Synthetic substitutes generally not appropriate. for wood siding and trim are not appropriate in the historic district.

Guidelines for Preserving and Protecting Windows and Doors Figure 86. Details of mortar D. 16 - Historic and Replacement joints in brick Windows and Doors masonry: Historic windows and doors shall be preserved in place 1) Flush joint, unless documentation that justifies replacement of the 2) Concave, historic material is provided. Historic windows shall be 3) Slightly recessed - repaired by means of consolidation, Dutchman repairs struck flat, and other restoration techniques. When deterioration 4) Ruled (Scribed) is too severe for the window or door to be practicably restored, new replicate windows or doors shall be fabricated. The new units shall duplicate the D. 15 - Wall Siding and Trim historic sashes, Historic siding materials shall be preserved unless glass, lintels, documentation of deterioration that justifies the sills, frames replacement of historic material is provided. New and surrounds replacement siding materials should be appropriate to in design, the style of the building and consistent with existing dimensions, buildings in the immediate neighborhood. and materials. The choice of siding for many Annapolis Existing buildings was a deliberate design decision, based on a inappropriate combination of architectural fashion, availability, and replacements cost. The visual character created by the texture and for previously- pattern of light and shadow shall not be altered by the removed Figure 88. Traditional double-hung replacement of any historic siding with different siding features may sash windows in Annapolis.

47 to replace original stain glass). Mirrored and tinted heat reflective glasses are not Figure 89. Anatomy appropriate. of double -hung sash window. New divided Exterior storm windows will not be light windows should approved for windows with arches, leaded employ integral muntins, glass, faceted frames or bent glass. Exterior not applied muntin grid. combination storm windows that address heat (Drawing from Repairing retention issues may be acceptable provided Old and Historic the installation has minimal visual impact Windows by the New York Landmarks Conser on the original fenestration. Storm windows vancy. Washington, shall have narrow perimeter framing which DC: The Preservation does not obscure the glazing of the primary Press, 1992) window. The meeting rail of the primary window must align with that of the storm sash. The painted finish on the storm window frame must match the color of the window trim. Interior storm windows are an appropriate alternative to exterior combination storm windows. Replacement of missing doors and windows shall be substantiated by Figure 90. The proportions of doors and windows create a harmony among historic buildings which physical, documentary, should be respected in new buildings. (Drawing courtesy of Historic Annapolis Foundation.) or pictorial evidence. be replaced with historically appropriate replicas. Vinyl and metal clad replacement windows are not permitted. D. 17 - New Openings in Existing Buildings Sliding glass doors with large uninterrupted sheets of New window and door openings in existing exterior glass are not appropriate. walls are discouraged. Annapolis enjoys a wide range of historic window The placement and size of window and door types, ranging from the plank frame windows of the openings in a historic building are determinants Sands House to the monumental windows of the Capitol in the scale, rhythm and formality of a building. to the Victorian storefronts along Main Street. Some late New openings in a wall alter those qualities, which nineteenth century houses in Annapolis have windows established the building’s character. Where recent with sashes fabricated in a one-over-one or two-over-two changes have altered original fenestration openings, pattern at the front elevation and six-over-six sashes in restoration of the original window placement is the side and rear elevations. Where such a differentiation encouraged. exists, it should be preserved. Likewise, one-over-one or two-over-two pattern sashes should not be replaced D. 18 - Windows and Doors in Additions with six-over-six sashes simply because the small pane Windows and doors in an addition to a historic building windows exist elsewhere on the building. should relate to the scale and proportion of original Occasionally in late nineteenth and early twentieth openings in the existing building. revival styles, windows featured multi-pane upper While existing windows do not require sashes and single pane lower sashes. Such a deliberate duplication in a proposed addition, new windows design decision, usually reflecting a first quarter of the should be in scale with both the addition and the twentieth century construction date, shall be retained. existing windows. Proposed sash patterns should Only clear paned, non-tinted glass shall be used (except repeat or be sympathetic to the sash pattern of the

48 existing building. Sliding glass doors with large uninterrupted sheets of glass are not appropriate.

D. 19 - Windows and Doors in New Buildings Windows and doors in new buildings should relate to Figure 91. the scale and proportion of openings on buildings in the The scale immediate neighborhood and to the design of the new of sliding building. The allowable percentage of glass permitted on glass doors is not a building facade depends upon the individual building, appropriate and cannot be established by a fixed percentage of in the wall area. It may also be constrained by life safety code historic requirements, depending on the side yard setbacks. The district. HPC makes its decision on a case by case basis.

D. 20 - Window Sashes For new and existing buildings, all proposed sash muntins (glazing bars) should be true muntins, not “snap-in” grids applied to a single sheet of glass. Removable, internal or snap-in window muntins Acceptable 33%-Maximum 50%-NO are not permitted, and in no case will any type of removable or internal divider be approved. Figure 92. Amount of glass acceptable on a building facade. Glass area in In some cases, a simulated divided light window excess of 33% is not compatible with existing buildings in the historic district. with more compatible muntin profiles may be considered for non-historic window replacement In proposed new buildings, windows should or new additions. This does not include insulated relate to the proportions of the facade, which in turn glass windows with highly reflective aluminum or should follow the scale and proportions of existing, exaggerated muntin widths. neighboring buildings. Special attention should be given to ensuring that any proposed new windows are D. 21 - Existing Exterior Blinds and Shutters in scale with windows in adjacent historic buildings, Historic shutters and blinds shall be preserved unless that the proportions of the windows are visually documentation of deterioration that justifies the harmonious with the overall composition of the facade, replacement of historic material is provided. and that installation details for proposed windows Solid panel exterior shutters were typical on pre- follow historic precedent. Windows should not be 1780 buildings, fixed louver blinds on Federal period horizontal or vertically linked together by structure, buildings, and movable louver blinds on Greek Revival trim, or ornamentation. and later styles. After World War I, buildings imitative of earlier styles featured shutters or blinds. Where historic exterior shutters and blinds survive, they should be carefully preserved and repaired. If no shutters or blinds are present but there is evidence that they once existed (as evidenced in either historic photographs or surviving hardware), they can be installed as part of any proposed rehabilitation project. If no evidence exists for shutters or blinds, they should not be Figure 93. Examples of inappropriate window openings and added to the building. window types in new construction.

Figure 94. New shutters Non-traditional window types, such as should be sized exactly combination awning or hopper windows, non- to each window and traditionally shaped casement or double-hung sash hung on traditional windows, and curved or polygonal projecting oriel shutter hardware. (bow) windows should be avoided.

49 Replacement shutters and blinds should be primary façade shall not be enclosed. Deteriorated custom sized to each opening so that the pair entirely porches and stoops should be repaired in kind. Wrought closes the opening in the plane of the window frame. iron replacements of wood posts and railings are Shutters shall be hung on existing repaired hardware inappropriate in Annapolis, as are concrete or brick (including pintles, hinges, shutter dogs, and sliding replacements of steps and platforms. The stoops of bolts) or accurate reproduction hardware where original eighteenth and early nineteenth century houses were hardware no longer survives. Shutters shall not be usually constructed of wood with wood steps, while mounted on the outside casing of the window frame, freestanding stairs were more often stone. Replacement and shall be fabricated of painted wood and not of porches, stoops, and stairs should be based on physical vinyl, composition materials, or aluminum. evidence or historic photographs. Where original elements or historic photographs do not survive, D. 22 - Shutters and Blinds on Additions replacement porches and stoops should be simple, and New Buildings without elaborate detailing. Shutters and blinds are generally not appropriate on Open porches located on a secondary or rear additions and new buildings because the majority of façade may be enclosed if the design is appropriate and historic Annapolis buildings did not feature shutters or visually relates to the building. Enclosure of second and blinds. In some contexts, based on the overall design third floor porches is discouraged. Decks located over of the exterior, it is possible that new shutters meeting historic porches are not permitted. the criteria above for replacement shutters could be appropriate. D. 24 - Porches on Additions and New Buildings On blocks where porches or stoops occur on most Guidelines for Preserving and buildings, new building designs may incorporate Protecting Other Historic porches or stoops that are similar in scale to existing Building Features designs. Proposed additions which include porches should D. 23 - Existing Porches and Stoops be simple in design and related visually to the existing Historic porches and stoops should be preserved building and proposed addition. Where a porch is in place unless documentation of deterioration that included in a proposed new building design, it should justifies the replacement of historic material is provided. relate visually to the proposed building in the same For many vernacular buildings, the front porch way as historic additions relate to existing buildings is the most important visual and decorative building within the immediate neighborhood. These additions element in front of a simple building block. For several are typically subordinate in scale and material such as a streetscapes in Annapolis, front porches are the wood addition on a brick house. primary architectural feature of the street, articulating a continuous building row into individual dwelling units. D. 25 - Chimneys The human scale of a porch also reduces the apparent Historic chimneys shall be preserved unless size of a building. documentation of deterioration is provided that It is important that surviving porches retain their justifies replacement. If necessary they may be rebuilt original form and materials. Porches on the front or as replicas. Chimney placement and design are important architectural features of historic buildings, warranting careful documentation and preservation. Replacement chimneys in existing buildings should be accurate reproductions of original chimneys, based on physical evidence and historic photographs. Where interior chimneys are removed as part of a proposed alteration, chimneys deemed to be significant by the Commission should be reconstructed at the exterior in order to preserve the exterior historic Figure 95. Details of entrance stoops. appearance of the building.

50 D. 26 - Ornamental Iron Work and finish. This is especially important around door and Existing ornamental ironwork, historically used as window openings. railings, grilles and fences, shall be preserved unless documentation of deterioration is provided that justifies D. 28b - Additions the replacement of historic material. New metal grilles Materials used in building additions should be and railings should be simple in design except where compatible with materials used on the existing building, replicating an existing pattern on an existing building. and should be appropriate to the style and consistent Commercially available decorative cast iron patterns with the character of the original building. should be avoided on both existing and new buildings. Aluminum engineered wood products and/or vinyl Where historic ironwork survives, it should be or plastic siding and trim, along with cementitious carefully preserved. Decorative period ironwork is not synthetic wood products shall be avoided. recommended for additions and new construction. Simple painted steel grilles, however, may be an D. 28c - New Buildings appropriate part of an overall design. Materials used in new buildings should be compatible with materials used on buildings in the immediate D. 27 - Street Address Numbers neighborhood. Materials used on new buildings should Street address numbers are required on all buildings by be appropriate to the scale and character of surrounding the fire department and the United States Postal Service. structures. Materials that seek to replicate historic Simple type styles are preferred. Cursive styles and elements such as contemporary synthetic fiberglass scripted numbers should be avoided. Numbers should moldings, trim, and columns should be avoided, as be in scale with and of materials compatible with other well as the use of aluminum, engineered wood, and or design elements on the facade. For existing masonry, the vinyl or plastic siding and trim along with cementitious method of mounting street numbers should not damage synthetic wood products. historic masonry. Anchor bolts should be set in the mortar joints, not bricks. Guidelines to Facilitate Compatible Lighting and D. 28 - Use of Contemporary Materials Exterior Lighting Use of contemporary synthetic or fiberglass moldings, trim, and columns is not acceptable. Vinyl siding and D. 29 - Utility Meters and Connections trim, aluminum siding and trim, and cementitious All applications in which service locations and synthetic wood siding obscure the original character, connections are being modified or installed shall show and may change dimensions of scale defining elements the proposed service locations. Utility meters and of the building. Synthetic stucco products such as the connections mounted on visually prominent walls Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS) are not detract from the historic character of the building acceptable. and the district. Placement of utility meters, service Aluminum engineered wood products and vinyl locations, wires, piping, boxes, and conduits should be or plastic siding and trim, along with cementitious in unobtrusive locations. Placement of utility meters on synthetic wood products shall be avoided. Materials the inside of structures is encouraged where possible that seek to replicate historic elements such as contemporary synthetic fiberglass moldings, trim, D. 30 - Exterior Lighting and columns should be avoided, as well as the use of Exterior lighting should not obscure or cause the aluminum, engineered wood, and or vinyl or plastic removal of historic architectural features. Exterior siding and trim along with cementitious synthetic wood lighting should not wash over the building façade. It is products. suggested that utilitarian lighting fixtures be painted the predominant color of the building. D. 28a - Historic Buildings Exterior lighting can be much more than mere Original materials shall be preserved in place where passive illumination. Exterior lighting can be an feasible. Deteriorated materials should be repaired architectural element in and of itself. In general, the rather than replaced. The covering over of original primary concern is with the intensity of the light. A building materials is inappropriate. certain amount of exterior illumination is required Where damaged beyond repair, material should be for simple safety reasons (20 cp at 6’ - 2 cp at 20’ is replaced in accordance with guideline D.6. Replacement adequate). Care must be taken that nighttime lighting elements should match the original in composition, scale does not produce inappropriate glare or misdirected

51 D. 31 - Historic and Reproduction Light Fixtures Where historic light fixtures survive, they shall be preserved in place unless documentation is provided of deterioration that justifies the replacement of historic material. Reproduction light fixtures should be historically accurate and compatible with the period of the historic building to which they are attached. The scale and finish should not detract from the architectural character of the building. Although twentieth-century Colonial Revival houses were often built with “period” light fixtures as part of their original design scheme, period lighting is discouraged for other existing buildings unless documented evidence for a particular type of fixture survives. Where period lighting is desired by a building owner, the fixture selected should be a documented period reproduction accurate to the period of the building and the scale of the building wall or element to which it is attached.

D. 32 - Lighting of Additions and New Buildings Exterior lighting of additions and new buildings should be simple and in scale with the building. New fixtures should be simple, unobtrusive fixtures mounted in a traditional manner. Recessed down Figure 96. View of 203-207 Main Street in the 1920s. lights, if proposed, should be placed to avoid (Pickering Negative Collection, Maryland State Archives, dramatic light patterns on the proposed building MSA SC 1936-1134A) facade. Fixtures should be in keeping with the scale and proportions of a proposed facade.

Guidelines for Storefronts light. Lighting which detracts from the appearance of the district is discouraged. Exterior lighting should be Introduction simple in character and in scale with the building. Up- The design of storefronts along commercial streets lighting is generally inappropriate in the historic district. greatly affects the scale of the streetscape and can be

YES NO

Figure 97. Two store front designs for the same building. The left design is not a literal reproduction of a period store, but its scale relates to historical storefronts. The right storefront lacks human scale.

52 one of the most distinguishing and satisfying features account the design of former storefronts on the property. of retailing in a historic environment. Surviving historic storefronts shall be preserved. D. 36 - Awnings Until the development of plate glass in the 1850s, Awnings should be appropriate to the design of the windows constructed for the display of merchandise storefront or building. Awning edges should be free differed little from residential apertures. The availability flowing to discourage the impression that the awning of large sheets of glass coincided with changes in is part of the structure. Retractable awnings are retailing brought about by the industrial revolution, encouraged. Awnings should be fabricated of non- and storefront alterations were common in the second reflective canvas, flame resistant in accordance with the half of the nineteenth century. In place of traditional building codes. multi-pane fixed or double-hung sash windows set in masonry or frame walls, large display windows divided D. 37 - Signage by wood and sometimes cast iron columns appeared. As Signs should be compatible with the scale, proportions, time progressed, display windows became larger while form and architectural detailing of the building to the structure supporting the upper portion of the front which they are applied. facade became less visible. Signage within the Historic District is regulated by the Annapolis City Code (Chapters 17.60 and 21.70) D. 33 - Historic Storefronts and the Annapolis Historic District Design Guidelines for Historic storefronts shall be preserved unless Signs, available at www.annapolis.gov. documentation of deterioration is provided that justifies replacement of historic material. Existing historic storefront windows and doors Guidelines for Archaeology should be retained and repaired, as extant storefronts Introduction provide a distinctive character for the commercial The following guidelines, derived from practices area within the historic district. Unfortunately, most developed across the United States since the late existing commercial buildings have experienced 1960s, provide a process whereby archeological several generations of storefront renovations. Where sites and artifacts reflecting the City’s cultural and photographic or other graphic documentation for an historical heritage can be protected, or the information earlier storefront exists, it is recommended that the they contain salvaged, without restricting unduly earlier design be reconstructed. improvements to lots within the Historic District or to historic landmarks designated within the City. D. 34 - New Storefronts in Existing Buildings Archeological examinations are relatively inexpensive New storefronts in existing commercial buildings when addressed early enough in the planning process. should be based on physical or photographic evidence. In existing commercial buildings, new storefront E. 1 - Conditions Requiring an designs shall be based on the historic storefront which Archeological Study formerly existed at that location, as evidenced by surviving City preservation staff, in consultation with the Historic physical evidence and historic photographic views. Preservation Commission’s archeologist, shall evaluate Where no evidence exists, the new storefront should each proposed project to determine whether it meets not be a detailed conjectural reproduction, which one or more of the following conditions: could be misconstrued by the public as an authentic, a. Does the proposed project disturb more than 50 historic storefront. The new design should reference the square feet of soil, regardless of the depth of the historic pattern of storefront components, fenestration excavation? and materials for its period. b. Does the proposed project disturb a lot with a known archeological site or will it be taking place D. 35 - New Storefronts in Additions and adjacent to a lot with a known archeological site? New Buildings c. Does the proposed project cause ground Storefronts in additions and new buildings should be disturbance at a location possessing compatible in scale, proportion, design, and detailing environmental or historical characteristics with storefronts in their immediate neighborhoods. indicating a high potential for cultural resources? Storefronts should not be elaborately detailed conjectural reconstructions utilizing period moldings. The City’s preservation staff may conduct a site visit It is recommended that the proposed design take into and, at its discretion and with property owner’s

53 permission, authorize the Commission’s archeologist summary report with a map noting the locations of to conduct limited archeological testing to determine the excavation units that has the recommendation of whether additional testing shall be necessary. The costs the Commission’s archeologist, and the administrative of testing by the Commission’s archeologist shall be approval of the Chief of Historic Preservation. With the borne by the Commission. Based on the findings of approval of the Commission, this summary letter and the Commission’s archeologist, a permit applicant still map can serve in lieu of a fuller technical report, thereby may be required to retain a qualified archeologist to reducing costs for the applicant. The preservation staff undertake additional archeological study. will review and comment on the report or summary Based on the best available evidence, the City’s letter within thirty days of receipt. preservation staff may determine that the proposed The archeological consultant, whether submitting a project will have no adverse effect on historically full-length report or a summary letter, will address the significant archeological artifacts or deposits. The following questions: City’s preservation staff shall then recommend to the 1. Based upon available information (archeological, Commission that no further archeological investigation cartographic, and archival), are archeological be required in connection with the permit application. deposits present within the proposed project Based on the best available evidence, the City’s area? preservation staff may determine that the proposed 2. If so, do those deposits retain sufficient integrity project might have an adverse effect on historically to provide important information about the area’s significant archeological artifacts or deposits. The history? City’s preservation staff shall then recommend to the 3. Do the deposits contribute to the National Commission that the applicant retain the services of Register District based on the National Register an archeological consultant who meets the criteria for Historic Places criteria? established by the Secretary of the U.S. Department of the Interior. E. 3 - Sites Deemed Historically Significant If the Commission determines that a project will E. 2 - Archeological Study adversely affect a contributing National Register or If the Commission determines that an application locally designated landmark site, the applicant shall requires archeological review, the applicant shall retain have the option to revise the project plan to avoid the a qualified archeological consultant. The applicant site. If avoidance is not feasible, the Commission shall: shall submit the consultant’s report to the Department 1. determine whether the adverse effect can be of Planning & Zoning. The City’s preservation mitigated through protective measures staff will evaluate the consultant’s findings and (e.g., filling, use of pier-construction rather than a recommendations. The report shall include: continuous foundation); or 1. A brief history of the lot or lots under 2. if protective measures are not feasible, require consideration, including preliminary cartographic and specify the scope of archeological salvage; or research 3. deny a Certificate of Approval for the proposed 2. A map showing the extent of the proposed project project because it constitutes unwarranted and the locations of archeological test pits destruction of a historically significant 3. A clear description of the archeological survey’s archeological site. methods and results, including, but not limited In consultation with the City’s preservation staff, the to: soils and stratigraphy; nature and extent of Commission can approve additional archeological archeological features and deposits; and nature excavation to recover the kinds of artifacts and and extent of recent disturbances of those features information for which the site is considered historically and deposits significant. The applicant shall submit a scope of 4. Illustrations of the project area and of soil layers services to the City’s preservation staff. and archeological features 5. An artifact catalogue E. 4 - Archeological Salvage 6. Recommendations regarding the historical ‘Salvage’ means to save from extraordinary danger, to significance of the archeological findings and for recover something of value in the face of unavoidable additional archeological study, if appropriate. destruction. Archeological salvage is a plan of last If no intact archeological deposits are identified, the resort, where in-place preservation of an archeological archeological consultant may submit a one page site is not feasible because:

54 1. The costs of preserving that site in place are and recommendations. The report shall include: unreasonably high; 1. Historical background on the lot or lots on which 2. Natural forces preclude reasonable attempts at the research is carried out; preservation (e.g., shoreline erosion); or 2. Location information, including a map showing 3. Other public needs outweigh the value of the the extent of the proposed project; historically significant site. 3. A clear description of research questions and Archeological salvage consists of recovery, analysis, methods; interpretation, and reporting of those data for which the 4. A clear description of results, including, but not site is considered historically important. For example, limited to: illustrations of archeological test pit trash deposits in the back of a late 19th-century grocery locations and stratigraphy; descriptions of the might be considered historically significant because nature and extent of archeological features and they contain information on the city’s place in the deposits; descriptions of the nature and extent rapidly growing consumer economy of the period. of recent disturbances of those features and Those finds also could be critical to the interpretation of deposits; and illustrations of artifacts and features archeological deposits from the same period elsewhere crucial to the analysis and interpretation of the in the city, illuminating the different standards of site; living and cultural differences among the City’s 5. Analyses sufficiently detailed and statistically ethnically diverse population. Salvaging such deposits supportable to demonstrate that the data for might involve excavating enough of the deposits to which the site is considered historically significant acquire a scientifically and statistically valid sample. have been adequately sampled; The Commission might permit the destruction of the 6. Interpretations that explicitly relate the analyses remaining deposits, even if those deposits equal or and results to the questions posed in the scope exceed in volume the quantity of material salvaged. of work and in the research design section of the The applicant’s archeological consultant will report; undertake salvage within the proposed construction 7. A list of cited references in the style of American project area with a scope of work approved by the Antiquity or Historical Archaeology journals; and Commission and the City’s preservation staff. The scope 8. An artifact catalogue and such other appendices of work will include a research design specifying the as seem appropriate. questions to be asked of the archival and archeological The preservation staff shall review and comment on data and the methods selected for collecting and the report within thirty days of receipt. The final report analyzing those data in a manner appropriate to the shall become a part of the completed permit application questions. The applicant’s consultant will keep the and, as such, be subject to the Commission’s approval. preservation staff apprised of progress, significant Three final copies of all archeological salvage reports findings, or unanticipated problems via telephone or must be given to the Department of Planning & Zoning. personal visit. All such reports must be reiterated in a The Department of Planning & Zoning shall forward written memorandum to the City’s Chief of Historic one copy of each report to the Maryland Historical Trust Preservation within twenty-four hours of the oral report. as part of its Certified Local Government report. The City’s preservation staff shall make status reports to the Commission as needed. The Commission and Collections the City’s preservation staff reserve the right to visit The Commission encourages all permit applicants to the excavation with one-hour prior notice. Excavations donate artifacts, notes, photographs, and other materials shall not be backfilled without the prior notification and assembled during the course of permit-mandated approval of the preservation staff. All excavations will archeological studies to locally recognized collecting conform to good standard archeological practice, and the institutions. These might include, but are not limited to, intention to so comply shall be clearly specified in the the Maryland Historical Trust and Historic Annapolis scopes of work. Foundation. All archeological consultants are required The applicant shall submit the consultant’s report to prepare collections in a manner consistent with the to the Department of Planning & Zoning. The City’s practices of local collecting institutions. preservation staff will evaluate the consultant’s findings

55 Historic District Sign Guidelines

INTRODUCTION The Guidelines were adopted by the Historic Preservation Commission on March 27, 2008. The installation of any sign in the City of Annapolis is subject to the review and approval of the Department of Planning and Zoning and the Department of Definition of a Sign Neighborhood and Environmental Programs. In addition, Chapter 21.70 of the Annapolis City Code provides the any new sign or any existing sign that is to be altered in following definitions of signs: size, shape, content or location that is presently or is to be situated in the Annapolis historic district must receive 21.72.010 Sign. “Sign” means any name, identification, a Certificate of Approval from the Historic Preservation description, display or illustration which is affixed to, Commission. The Historic Preservation Commission is or represented directly or indirectly upon, a building, not responsible for compliance with the zoning code, structure or piece of land, and which directs attention which regulates by ordinance: size, number of signs to an object, product, place, activity, person, institution, per property, projection and height; or with the building organization or business. The term “sign” includes code, which regulates sign materials and methods of signs erected or installed in the interior of a structure attachment to façade. The Commission is responsible if the sign is situated in a manner to indicate that its for the review of applications for all new signs and for all existing signs to be altered that are located in the historic district with regard to: shape, location or placement, texture, lettering style and other graphic devices, message, lighting, appearance of fixtures used to attach signs, and overall visual impact. The review process will include analysis of a proposed sign as it is related to the facade to which it is to be affixed, to contiguous facades, and to other facades in the immediate vicinity. Zoning requirements regarding signs located in any one of the eight zoning classifications that are present in the historic district are detailed in the appendix to this report. These statutory requirements are regarded by the Commission as `maximums’ for area (size), number of signs, projection and height. Since the appropriateness of a sign is not solely a function of size or height, satisfying the criteria does not guarantee acceptance by the Commission. The Commission is not prime purpose is for viewing from the exterior of the obligated to approve zoning code maximums, and may structure. The prime purpose of an interior sign is be more restrictive. In an attempt to assist property exterior viewing if it is visible from the exterior and if owners, tenants, designers and sign manufacturers, no public access is permitted between the sign and the and to facilitate review by the Historic Commission, the exterior window of the structure. The term “sign” does following guidelines have been prepared for signs in the not include any display of official court of public office historic district. notices, nor does it include the flag, emblem or insignia

56 of a nation, political unit, school or religious group, nor and harmony of the historic district, be does it include the official name, permanently affixed to compatible in scale, and increase the efficiency the structure, of any educational, cultural or religious of communication. institution. “Sign” does not include a sign located 3. In general, single faced, flat signs affixed directly completely within an enclosed building and not visible to a building façade are preferred. Projecting to the outside of the building. “Sign” does not include a or other hanging signs are acceptable only if temporary sign (Prior code §21.04.545). they are designed to be compatible with the design of the façade. If there is more than one sign on the building the hanging sign should compliment the others. Free standing, raised lettering applied directly to a wall or signboard may also be appropriate, depending on size of type and placement. Projecting or other hanging signs, if otherwise considered acceptable, may be double faced if desired, or single faced if the obverse side is finished in a manner compatible with the finish of the facades. Symbolic two or three dimensional signs may be permitted if they identify the product or service available at that location, and otherwise conform to the city regulations and these guidelines. Freestanding signs may be approved if they are Example of a well designed sign of a permanent nature and are used to identify public offices or other conveniences, or if they offer an alternative to multiple signs. 21.72.010 Sign, temporary. “Temporary sign” means a 4. All signs in the historic district must be directly sign which advertises community or civic projects or related to the businesses, services or products special events on a temporary basis, or a political sign. offered within the premises. Signs unrelated Temporary signs for community or civic projects or to the property where they are to be located, special events shall be allowed only for events of public with the exception of temporary signs, public interest (such as fairs, carnivals, community gatherings) information, emergency notices and other and other events of a similar nature. Signs greater than signs specifically identified in the zoning code, twenty (20) square feet in area shall be permitted only will not be approved. Simplicity of a sign is upon written approval by the Department of Planning important to its legibility and effectiveness. and Zoning. Temporary signs shall only be displayed Therefore, the Commission will not approve for a period not in excess of sixty (60) days and shall be supplementary advertising, redundant removed within seven (7) days after the conclusion of messages or unnecessary slogans. the event (Prior code §21.04.570).

General Guidelines 1. The Commission will review each sign application as a unique case. The Commission will not attempt to establish specific criteria of standards to which each and every sign proposed for the historic district must conform. 2. Well-designed signs are needed for communication and identifying goods and services. Signs are artifacts in themselves. They are a significant component of the environment. Signs affect the quality, image and cohesiveness of the entire historic district. Therefore, each A sign should contribute to the visual character of the sign should contribute to the visual character entire historic district.

57 rather than cover or disturb design features such as rhythm, fenestration (the pattern of window to wall, solid to void), and scale. There are logical surfaces on virtually every building in the historic district where signs may be located. Often these “signable areas” will include a continuous flat wall surface free of window or door openings or other architectural features—areas between the top of a storefront and the sills of the second floor windows, sign boards designed for such use and already in place, panels at the top of show Above: example of free standing, raised windows, and transoms over doors lettering applied directly to the wall. and windows. Examples of so-called “signable areas” as they exist on Annapolis buildings are included Right: exaple of acceptable with these guidelines to illustrate hanging projection sign. desirable locations and the placement of a variety of signs. In some cases, a particular façade may offer more than one sign area, usually totaling more 5. The Annapolis Historic square footage than permitted under District is pedestrian oriented. With the obvious the zoning code. Therefore, the applicant will be exception of traffic and other informational required to identify a specific location and size signs directed at the motorist, all signs should with his request for review by the Commission. be related to the pedestrian’s scale of perception If requested by the applicant, the Commission with regard to size and placement of lettering. will assist in identifying appropriate locations 6. The Commission considers the quality of a sign and sizes for a specific building façade. as a mirror of the environmental and visual 3. Shape: The predetermined “signable areas” quality of the historic district as a whole. Quality discussed above will in most cases dictate the will be considered as an important factor in preferred shape of a sign for that particular the Commission’s review process. Signs will façade. Sign boards built into many storefronts be judged on the appropriateness of design, are rectangular (or are a connected series of lettering size and style, shape of signboard, rectangles), as are transom lights over doors fabrication and manufacture, materials, and the upper parts of show windows, and installation, and lighting, if any. especially the wall surfaces between the first floor shop front and second floor windows. Specific Guidelines 1. Size and Height: The allowable height and square footage of signs in the historic district is regulated by the Department of Planning and Zoning— the specific requirements are included in the appendix. 2. Location: Signs in the historic district should be positioned so that they appear as an integral design feature of the overall façade of a particular building. Signs should relate to, and help define and enhance, the architectural features of the building, Signable areas shown in black.

58 Vertical wall areas between windows, doors, and the edges of a façade afford a variety of choices regarding the shape of a sign. While the Commission does not encourage the use of irregular shapes, numerous free-form signs have been approved. Those signs that have been allowed, examples of which are included in the guidelines, are regarded by the Commission as having a definite relationship to the Examples of free design of the façade of a particular building, form shaped signs. These to the architectural style or period of the types of signs are structure, or to a specific use to which not encouraged, the sign is directed. A Victorian sign may but have been not be appropriate on a 1780 façade or approved by the on a 1930 building, but the same sign on commission. a late 19th Century structure will almost surely contribute to the overall design and character of that façade. Conversely, a sign that derives its shape from 18th-century design precedents may not be appropriate on a simple, 19th- or 20th-century vernacular structure. 4. Letter Style (Typeface): Lettering should be compatible with the use of the building as well as the design of the façade. The Commission does not insist on any particular typeface or style, and Examples of potential may approve any style of lettering lighting mechanisms selected by the applicant if it is appropriate for the Historic District. legible. However, as most script styles are difficult to read when used at the scale of most signs, they are discouraged unless they are of overriding importance to primary concern is public safety. The appearance the design concept of the sign. Italic or other of supports and fixtures, however, must be decorative letter styles may be approved if approved by the Commission, which will review they relate to the use of the building or to the the design of the supports, their configuration design of the façade. The consideration of the and their relationship to the façade to which the Commission regarding lettering style is that proposed sign is to be attached. As an example, it be clearly legible, and that its use result in a a projecting sign that is not an integral feature sign that contributes to the visual quality of the of an overall façade design should be attached historic district. The size of the lettering should so that it appears as a separate entity, perhaps be in proportion to the façade as well as to the by providing sign itself. space between 5. Illumination: Internally illuminated signs are the sign and not permitted. Gooseneck lamps are also not the surface permitted in the historic district. Luminaries where it is to should be small scale, unobtrusive. Lights be mounted. should focus on sign, not building façade (see Such a sign staff for suggestions.) should not be 6. Method of Attachment: Like the use of placed so that materials, methods of attaching signs to the supports buildings anywhere in the city are governed or the edge of by the Department of Public Works, whose Example of a projecting sign.

59 the sign conflict with any design feature of the important component of a sign, the Commission façade. The attachment method should also be is under no obligation to approve any graphic reversible, minimizing damage to historic fabric. device considered inappropriate to the historic 7. Color: While the Commission has no direct district. While the Historic Preservation control over the selection of colors for use in the Commission can not require that signs be historic district, it does recommend that its use executed by a professional, the quality of the be restrained, perhaps limiting a sign to one or execution of a sign is important and is one of the two colors applied to a neutral background of criteria of approval. a third. The selection of particular sign colors should be governed by the colors of the façade Annapolis City Code to which the sign is to be attached, and by the Zoning Regulations use identified by the sign. 8. Materials: The Commission is primarily Chapter 21.70 of the Annapolis City Code establishes concerned with the quality of the materials zoning requirements that all signs erected in the City proposed by the applicant as it affects the must meet. There are twelve different zoning districts image of the historic district, and recommends within the historic district. The requirements for each simplicity in the selection of sign components. zone are different. A map to assist you in determining The Commission discourages the use of plastic, which zoning district your property is located can be extruded metal sections, or sandblasted wood found on the city’s website at www.ci.annapolis.md.us/ for signs in the historic district. upload/images/government/depts/pl_zon/map/ index.pdf. On the following pages the sign requirements for each zone are detailed. 21.70.010 Purpose. The purposes of these sign regulations are to encourage the effective use of signs as a means of communication in the City; to maintain and enhance the aesthetic environment; to promote pedestrian and traffic safety; to minimize the possible adverse effects of signs on nearby public and private property; and to enable the fair and consistent enforcement of these regulations. (Ord. O-1-04 Example of new materials used to create a sign that is appropriate Revised (part), 2005) for the business use and location in the Historic District. 21.70.020 Applicability. No signs except signs exempted by this chapter may be 9. Public Works Requirements: The specific erected unless a sign permit has been issued by the Director materials to be used in the fabrication of of Neighborhood and Environmental Programs pursuant signs and their supports, and construction to Chapter 17.60. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) techniques, are regulated by the Department of Neighborhood and Environmental Programs. 21.70.030 Sign permit. Please see Chapter 17.60 of the Annapolis City A. Application for a sign permit shall be made to the Code for the Department of Neighborhood Department of Neighborhood and Environmental and Environmental Programs requirements Programs pursuant to Chapter 17.60. The Department specific to the historic district. These include the of Planning and Zoning will review the sign permit requirement that all signs must be attached to application for consistency with the Zoning Code. the building, that signs can not be painted on B. Posting of Property. Except as provided below, notice buildings and that no sign may project more that must be posted on the property that is the subject of 24” (note: 18” in C-zone). an application for a new sign in accordance with the 10. Miscellaneous: The Commission discourages the requirements in Section 21.10.020(A). use of erroneous or passé spelling, like “junque,” C. Notice of applications for sign permits shall be in “olde,” or “shoppe,” or other devices to attract accordance with the following requirements: attention that are unrelated to the historic district 1. All sign applications located in the Historic District, or are extraneous to the message of the sign. the Office and Commercial Design District or the Similarly, while trademarks and logos can be an Eastport Gateway Conservation Overlay Districts

60 shall be posted for public notice. 2. In all other districts, where the sign area applied for is less than twenty-five percent of the maximum sign area allowed for the type of sign under this chapter, posting of the sign application for public notice is not required. 3. Posting of a sign for public notice shall not be required where a sign program has been approved in conjunction with the approval of a Site Design Plan under Section 21.70.080. (Ord. O-22-07 Amended § 1, 2007: Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.70.040 Prohibited signs. The following signs are prohibited: A. Animated signs; B. Billboards; C. Flashing signs; D. Portable signs (a sign that is not permanent, affixed to a building, structure or the ground); E. Rotating signs; of the sign. Normal grade shall be construed F. Rooftop signs; to be the lower of: (1) existing grade prior to G. Signs projecting above the rooflines of buildings; construction or (2) the newly established grade H. Snipe signs (non-governmental signs attached to trees after construction, exclusive of any filling, berming, or poles). (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) mounding, or excavating solely for the purpose of locating the sign. In cases in which the normal grade 21.70.050 Standards applicable to all signs. cannot reasonably be determined, sign height shall The following standards apply to all signs whether be computed on the assumption that the elevation exempt or permitted: of the normal grade at the base of the sign is equal A. Condition and Appearance. All signs shall be maintained in good condition and appearance. B. Computations of Area and Height. 1. Area. a. The area of a sign face (which is also the sign area of a wall sign or other sign with only one face) shall be computed by means of the smallest square, circle, rectangle, triangle, or combination thereof that will encompass the extreme limits of the writing, representation, emblem, or other display, together with any material or color forming an integral part of the background of the display or used to differentiate the sign from the backdrop or structure against which it is placed, but not including any supporting framework, bracing, or decorative fence or wall when such fence or wall otherwise meets the zoning regulations in this title and is clearly incidental to to the elevation of the nearest point of the crown the display itself. of a public street or the grade of the land at the b. The sign area for a sign with more than one face principal entrance to the principal structure on the shall be computed by adding together the area of zoning lot, whichever is lower. all sign faces. C. Sight Visibility. 2. Height. The height of a sign shall be computed as 1. No sign shall obstruct a clear view to and from the distance from the base of the sign at normal traffic along any street right-of-way, entrance or exit. grade to the top of the highest attached component

61 a. Materials, colors and shapes of proposed signs shall be compatible with the related building(s). Size and proportions should be judged by sizes and proportions of signs on nearby properties that are compatible with the prevailing character, or the character prescribed in land use plans adopted by the City Council. b. Every sign shall be designed as an integral architectural element of the building and site to which it principally relates. c. The number of graphic elements on a sign shall be held to the minimum needed to convey the sign’s major message and shall be composed in proportion to the area of the sign face. d. Each sign shall be compatible with signs on adjoining premises and shall not compete for attention. 2. A sight visibility triangle, as defined in Division VI, e. Signs should be constructed of quality materials. shall be kept free of obstructions to vision between The choice of materials for signage should relate the heights of two and one-half feet and twelve feet to the quality of architecture within the zoning above the street. If, in the opinion of the Director district. of Planning and Zoning with the concurrence of f. Signs should provide information, character and a the Director of Public Works, there are unusual quality image. circumstances, these dimensions may be altered to 2. MX and BR Districts, Additional Guidelines. enhance public safety. a. Signs generally shall be of simple design and D. Integrated Sign Program. An integrated sign relate to the scale and design of buildings. program, as defined in Division VI, is required for b. The size of each sign shall relate to the scale and all commercial office complexes, shopping centers, architectural character of its facade. and multi-tenant facilities. The establishment of an c. The placement of signs shall not cover attractive integrated sign program for existing developments is architectural details, overwhelm the facade in strongly encouraged. size, or interrupt the rhythm of upper facade E. Design. The design of signs is important to the windows. character of the City of Annapolis. The following d. The choice of materials for signs shall relate to provisions are designed to give guidance to persons the quality of historic architecture within the MX designing, erecting, and approving signs in the City. district. The use of painted wood, glass and metal 1. Guidelines for All Signs. are appropriate. F. Removal of Signs. Any sign associated with an activity on a vacated premises shall be removed from the premises, altered or resurfaced within one month from the time such activity ceases so that the sign does not display visual communication pertaining to the former activity. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.70.060 Exempt signs. The signs in this section are exempt from this chapter and do not require a permit provided they meet both the standards applicable to all signs in the previous section and the following standards: A. No sign may project beyond the property line into a public way. B. Illumination is Not Permitted. 1. Nameplate and Identification Signs.

62 a. A single nameplate for a dwelling unit, not signs. One sign per street frontage up to six exceeding one square foot in area, indicating the square feet is permitted. name or address of the occupant or a permitted 5. Window Displays. Signs erected or installed in the occupation. interior of a structure which form an integral part b. On a corner lot, two nameplates for a dwelling of a bona fide window display which is related unit, one facing each street, are permitted. to merchandise or services available within the c. Address numerals. structure or which are related to matters of public 2. For Sale and “To Rent” Signs. welfare or public interest. a. One sign per zoning lot except that on a corner 6. Public Signs. zoning lot two signs, one facing each street, are a. Permanent memorial signs and tablets lawfully permitted. displayed on public property or in cemeteries. b. Size. b. Legal notices. i. In commercial and industrial districts signs may c. Traffic and parking signs that bear no advertising. be up to twelve square feet in area. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) ii. In all other districts signs may be up to nine square feet in area. c. No sign may be placed closer than eight feet to any other zoning lot. d. No sign shall project higher than twelve feet above curb level. 3. Signs Accessory to Parking Areas. a. Signs designating parking area entrances or exits limited to one sign for each exit or entrance and to a maximum size of two square feet each. b. One sign per parking area, designating the conditions of use or identity of the parking area and limited to a maximum size of nine square feet. c. On a corner lot two signs, one facing each street, are permitted. d. No sign shall project higher than seven feet above curb level. 4. Temporary signs as follows: a. Signs, banners, flags and other advertising devices may be placed on a site or building to 21.70.070 Signs in residential districts. announce the opening of a new business or a special promotion with written approval from the A. General Standards. Director of Planning and Zoning. Such signs shall 1. Illumination is permitted only by external means be limited to two events per year for a period of such as by spotlight. up to thirty days each event. 2. No sign may project beyond the property line into a b. Temporary signs up to twenty square feet for public way. community or civic projects or special events B. Permitted Signs. The following signs are permitted for events of public interest such as carnivals, accessory to permitted uses subject to the standards community gatherings, fairs, political events and set forth in this section and other general standards other events of a similar nature. Temporary signs set forth in this chapter: shall be displayed for a period not in excess of 1. Signs for Colleges, Religious Institutions, Schools, sixty days and shall be removed within seven and Similar Institutions. days after the conclusion of the event. a. One freestanding bulletin sign per lot is c. Construction site sign up to thirty-two square permitted; except, that on a corner lot, two signs, feet identifying the architect, engineer, and/or one facing each street, are permitted: contractor. i. Maximum area: thirty-two square feet per face. d. Garage or yard sale signs. ii. Maximum distance from any other zoning lot: e. Christmas tree, greens sales, and produce sales eight feet.

63 corner lot, two signs, one facing each Sign Table 1 street, are permitted. b. Maximum area: two square feet. Types of Signs Permitted in Non-Residential Zoning Districts c. Maximum height: fifteen feet. d. No sign may be closer than five District Permitted Signs feet to any other zoning lot. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) B1 Business community identification sign Freestanding Wallpmounted 21.70.080 Signs in non- B2, B3-CD, BCE, I1 Freestanding residential districts. Multi-tenant facility A. General Standards. Wall-mounted 1. An integrated sign program is B3, BR, PM2 Multi-tenant facility required for all commercial office Wall-mounted complexes, shopping centers, and multi-tenant facilities. Individual C2, C2A, C2P Wall-mounted signs shall be reviewed for P, PM Business community identification sign conformity with the integrated sign Multi-tenant facility program whether newly established Wall-mounted or existing. MX Freestanding, ground sign only 2. Pole signs may have no more than Multi-tenant facility two faces. Wall-mounted 3. Two-faced signs must be double WMC, WME, WMI, WMM Freestanding faced back-to-back. Marine refueling facility signs on piers 4. Signs may not be placed along Multi-tenant facility any side or rear lot line within a Wall-mounted required buffer yard. B. Permitted Signs. 1. Sign Table 1 lists the types of signs that are permitted in non- iii. Maximum height: fifteen feet. residential zoning districts. b. One wall-mounted sign is permitted containing the 2. Sign Table 2 sets forth the regulations for permitted official name of the institution. Maximum lettering signs in non-residential zoning districts. (See pages height: thirty inches. 66-69 for Table 2.) 2. Non-Residential Building Nameplate and 3. Signs for residential uses, professional offices or Identification Signs. studios, colleges, religious institutions, schools, and a. A single identification sign is permitted, not similar institutions, where these uses are permitted exceeding nine square feet and indicating only the in non-residential zoning districts, are permitted name and address of the building. pursuant to the regulations for these signs in b. On a corner lot, two signs, one facing each street, residential districts. are permitted. 4. For drive-thru facilities, in addition to other signage c. Maximum height fifteen feet. allowed for the specific use, a menu board in the 3. Subdivision or Community Identification Signs. drive-thru lane is allowed as determined appropriate a. One identification sign, not exceeding twelve through the site design review process. square feet, giving the name of the subdivision or community may be placed at each entry point. 21.70.090 Signs in the historic district. b. The sign shall convey no information other than In addition to the requirements of the underlying zoning the name of the subdivision or community. district, signs in the historic district are subject to the c. Maximum height fifteen feet. following: 4. Bed and Breakfast Signs. A single sign, not exceeding two square feet is permitted. A. A certificate of approval from the Historic Preservation 5. Professional Office or Studio Signs. Commission is required for all new signs and existing a. One sign per lot is permitted; except, that on a signs that are to be altered in size, shape, content or

64 location, see Chapter 21.56. B. In addition to the review criteria and findings set forth B. Applicants for sign permits in the historic district in Chapter 21.28 for variances, the Board of Appeals should refer to the Historic Preservation Commission’s shall only approve an application if the entire signage design guidelines for signs. on the lot will meet the design provisions set forth in C. No commercial sign, billboard or other advertising Section 21.70.050(E). (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) structure or device shall be painted on any exterior wall of a building within the historic district. Application Process D. Upon the inclusion of additional areas within the historic district of the City, all signs shall comply with Before erecting a new sign or altering an existing sign in this section within two years from the date the area the historic district, it is necessary to obtain a certificate is included within the historic district. (Ord. O-1-04 of approval from the Historic Preservation Commission. Revised (part), 2005) As part of the processing of an application for certificate of approval, signs will be reviewed by the Department of 21.70.100 Nonconforming signs. Planning and Zoning for compliance with zoning code A. The Director of Neighborhood and Environmental requirements. Application forms are obtainable from Programs shall order the removal of any sign erected the Historic Preservation Assistant in the Department or maintained in violation of the law as it existed prior of Planning and Zoning, 145 Gorman Street, 3rd Floor, to the date of the adoption of this Zoning Code. Annapolis, MD 21401. The application form includes, in B. Other signs existing at the time of the adoption of this addition to the application for certificate of approval, a Zoning Code and not conforming to its provisions, but sign permit application and detailed information on what which did conform to previous laws, shall be regarded must be submitted as part of a sign application. as nonconforming signs which may be continued if properly repaired and maintained as provided in this chapter. C. Nonconforming signs which are structurally altered, relocated, or replaced shall comply immediately with all provisions of this chapter. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.70.110 Variances. A.Pursuant to the authority and procedures set forth in Chapter 21.28, the Board of Appeals may grant variances to the limitations set forth in this chapter with respect to the following: 1. An adjustment of up to twenty percent to the limitations set forth in this chapter with respect to the following dimensional criteria: a. Sign area, b. Height, c. Distance of permitted projection, d. Setback, e. Distance from other zoning lots, f. Height of lettering. 2. An increase of one sign in addition to the maximum number of signs permitted per lot, building, or street frontage. 3. The dimensional criteria set forth above in subsection A of this section. 4. The number of signs allowed per lot, building, or street frontage.

65 Sign Table 2 Regulations for Signs in Non-Residential Zoning Districts

In using the table the following regulations apply: a. Lots are permitted both wall-mounted and freestanding signs up to the limits set forth in the table. Signage in multi-tenant facilities is counted as an alternative, not in addition, to permitted wall-mounted and freestanding signs. b. For wall-mounted signs the maximum sign area is for the lot. c. For all other signs the maximum sign area is the maximum area per sign face, unless stated otherwise. For example, a two-sided, freestanding, ground sign in the BCE could be thirty square feet per face or sixty square feet total. d. The following abbreviations are used in the table: sf = square feet; lf = linear feet; bldg = building; “ = inches.

Sign Type Zoning Number of Maximum sign area Number of signs allowed Maximum height (feet) Illumination permitted Projection permitted Other District Businesses per Lot Wall Mounted B1, BR 1. 1sf per ft of building 1. B1, PM: no limit, 13. In the MX district, signs Yes, external means only Yes, up to 1.5 feet from PM, MX frontage up to a up to maximum permitted may not be located higher such as spotlight a wall maximum of 100 sf. sign area 2. BR, MX: no more on a facade than the 2. No single sign may than 3 signs per building than the second-story exceed 30 sf per face windowsills B2, B3, 1. 2sf per lf of building No limit up to permitted 15 Yes Yes, up to 1.5 feet into Uses with canopies, such B3-CD, frontage up to a sigh area a public way as service stations, may maximum of 120sf. use the lf of canopy frontage 2. No single sign may in lieu of lf of building exceed 75 sf in area frontage to calculate permitted sign area C2, C2A, C2P 1sf per lf of building frontage Up to 3 signs per building 15 Yes, external means only Yes, up to 1.5 feet from up to a maximum of 30sf such as spotlight a wall P 9 sf 1 per street frontage 15 No Yes, but not into a public way PM2 See below under multi-tenant facilities sign types I1 2 sf per lf of No limit up to permitted 18 Yes No building frontage sign area up to a maximum of 100 sf WMC 1 sf per lf of No limit up to permitted 22 Yes Yes, but not into a public building frontage sign area way or over the water up to a maximum of 120 sf WME, WMI 2 sf per lf of WMM building frontage up to a maximum of 120 sf Marquee sign Any district 120 sf. The area of a 1 per lot 15 Yes Yes, up to the projection of Theaters, museums and where the marquee sign is permitted of the marquee auditoriums with a marquee associated instead of, not in addition to sign are permitted wall- use is wall-mounted or freestanding mounted frames up to 24 sf permitted signage that would otherwise be permitted Sign Type Zoning Number of Maximum sign area Number of signs allowed Maximum height (feet) Illumination permitted Projection permitted Other District Businesses per Lot Freestanding B1, WMC Pole signs: 12 sf, or ground 1 per lot 10 No Yes but not into a public 1. Freestanding signs are signs: 20 sf way or over the water permitted only on lots with a minimum lot width of 100 feet or larger 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 5 feet Other districts 10 feet B2, B3, B3-CD Lots with up to 2 Pole signs: 20 sf, or ground 1 per street frontage Pole signs: 10 Yes Yes, but not into a public 1. Freestanding signs are BCE, I1, WME businesses signs: 30 sf Ground signs: 12 way or over the water permitted only on lots with a WMI, WMM minimum lot width of 100 feet or larger 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 5 feet Other districts 10 feet B2, B3, B3-CD Lots with 3 or more Pole signs: 24 sf, or ground 1 per street frontage Pole signs: 10 Yes Yes, but not into a public 1. Freestanding signs are BCE, I1, WME businesses signs: 30 sf Ground signs: 12 way or over the water permitted only on lots with a WMI, WMM minimum lot width of 100 feet or larger 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 5 feet Other districts 10 feet MX 30 sf 1 per street frontage 10 Yes Yes, but not into a public Must be a ground sign, way or over the water monument style Multi-tenant facility signs Multi-tenant B2, B3, B3-CD 64 sf 1 per street frontage 15 Yes Yes, but not into a public 1. In the P district and the facility BCE, PM2, way or over the water waterfront districts these identification sign WMC, WME, may be ground signs, WMI, WMM monument style, or wall- mounted. 2. All other distrcits these signs must be ground signs, monument style. 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 10 feet Other districts 15 feet Sign Type Zoning Number of Maximum sign area Number of signs allowed Maximum height (feet) Illumination permitted Projection permitted Other District Businesses per Lot Multi-tenant I1 100 sf 1 per street frontage 15 Yes Yes, but not into a public 1. In the P district and the facility way or over the water waterfront districts these identification sign may be ground signs, monument style, or wall- mounted. 2. All other distrcits these signs must be ground signs, monument style. 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 10 feet Other districts 15 feet Multi-tenant MX, PM 30 sf 1 per street frontage 10 Yes, external means only Yes, but not into a public 1. In the P district and the facility such as spotlight way or over the water waterfront districts these identification sign may be ground signs, monument style, or wall- mounted. 2. All other distrcits these signs must be ground signs, monument style. 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 10 feet Other districts 15 feet Multi-tenant P 15 sf 1 per street frontage 10 Yes, external means only Yes, but not into a public 1. In the P district and the facility such as spotlight way or over the water waterfront districts these identification sign may be ground signs, monument style, or wall- mounted. 2. All other distrcits these signs must be ground signs, monument style. 2. Minimum setback from property lines: WMC 0 feet B1, I1, WME, WMI, WMM 10 feet Other districts 15 feet Shopping center B2, PM2 0.5 sf per lf of anchor tenant 1 per street frontage 20 Yes Yes, but not into a public anchor tenant, facade way or over the water wall-mounted Tenant sign, B2, B3, B3-CD 1.5 sf of building frontage per 1 per tenant, plus 1 additional for 15 Yes No Maximum sign board height wall-mounted BCE, PM2, I1, tenant, up to 40 sf per tenant a corner tenant with windows in 36” for anchors, 18” for other WMC, WME, both facades tenants. Maximum lettering WMI, WMM height: 36” for anchors, 14” for other tenants ) other for anchors, for lettering Maximum 36” other tenants for 18” anchors, for 14” This type of sign is permitter where tenant spaces are recessed under a canopied walkway tenants. height: sign board height Maximum 36” comprisingcommunities six or more businesses Other

Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), O-1-04 Revised 2005 Ord.

Projection permitted Projection

No No

O-10-07 Amended 1 (part), 2007: (Ord. means only external Yes, such as spotlight Yes Illumination permitted

No means only external Yes, such as spotlight not into a public but Yes, This type of sign is for Yes way

height (feet) Maximum 6 10

1 per tenant both facades Number of signs allowed 1 at each entry point 1 per facility

6 sf

Lesser of 1 sf per lf of or 20 sf facade entrance 1 per tenant, plus additional for a corner in tenant with windows 15 Maximum sign area Maximum 30 sf 6 sf per face

Number of Businesses per Lot WME WME, WMM WMM WMC, WMI,

Zoning WMC,

District

WMI,

PM B1, P,

Business community identification sign Marine refueling facility signs on piers Type Sign 69 sign, Tenant projecting B2, B3, B3-CD BCE, PM2,

sign, Tenant wall-mounted BR, MX, PM, P

Sidewalk Café Furniture Guidelines

Pursuant to Section 21.08.060 (E) (8) of the Sidewalk Café The HPC requires the following: Any lighting regulations adopted on November 13, 1995 (O-13-95), shall be restricted to table tops, and shall be very low the Historic Preservation Commission (HPC) has revised intensity. and adopted the following furniture guidelines. Planters These guidelines are based on the more specific criteria for preserving our historic streetscapes as The HPC Design Manual provides types and materials outlined in the Annapolis Historic District Design (see HPC Guideline C.8 Landscape Planters and C.9 Manual, Building in the Fourth Century, published in 2007. Landscape Plants). For sidewalk cafes, they shall be The Chief of Historic Preservation is authorized used for their historic purpose rather than as enclosures. under Section 2.8 of the HPC Rules of Procedure to The HPC requires the following: review through the administrative approval process 1. Planters shall be in scale with the space of the adjacent applications that conform to the guidelines as established sidewalk and the adjacent building. Materials shall be by the HPC for Sidewalk Cafés. compatible with the adjacent building façade; 2. Planters left on the sidewalk when the areas are not in use for dining shall be compatible with the architecture of the adjacent building; 3. Plant materials shall be compatible in scale with the adjacent building; 4. Hanging planters and window boxes shall be carefully placed so that they do not obscure or damage historic building features or create a potential hazard for pedestrians, café customers and staff; 5. Plant material must be well maintained.

FURNITURE Lighting The streets of the Historic District are well-lighted by reproductions of historically appropriate fixtures. Additional light is also provided through shop windows and illuminated signs.

70 Signs Signs are regulated by Planning and Zoning and must be reviewed by HPC.

Furnishings Furnishings are the most important element; therefore the HPC requires the following: Selection of furnishings representative of those specified as “pre-approved” by the HPC. Furnishing catalogs are available for review at the Annapolis Historic Preservation Division office. Approved furnishings shall be durable and exhibit he following characteristics: Suggested characteristics: Portable, not permanently affixed to paving; Compatible in style and scale with the adjacent building and outdoor space in which they are placed; Simple in character and constructed of wood and STRUCTURAL ENCLOSURES painted metal; Contemporary materials may be substituted only upon verification that they qualify While O-13-95 addresses “furniture guidelines,” Title as an eco-friendly alternative. 21 of the City Code requires a Certificate of Approval by the HPC before a person may alter a structure in the Miscellaneous Provisions historic district in a manner which affects the exterior appearance of the structure. The HPC will not approve the use of any “floor Enclosure of parts of the historic district’s narrow covering” on a public sidewalk. sidewalks with portable devices changes the historic character of the street and may alter traditional circulation patterns. Enclosures could also be misunderstood as extensions of historic buildings and could obscure historic buildings. For these reasons, the HPC requires the following: 1. Sidewalk cafes shall be open to adjacent walks and shall not be enclosed or partially enclosed, by fences, planters, barriers, lattice, railings or ropes of any type; 2. There shall be no overhead structural enclosure, shading devices such as awnings, unless otherwise existing and approved for storefront use, or umbrellas; 3. Nothing shall be affixed to the building.

Revised and adopted at the Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission Hearing on April 28, 2011.

71 Shiplap House, 18 Pinkney Street. Its present appearance is a result of restoration efforts conducted in the 1960s and 1970s by Historic Annapolis Foundation. Today it serves as their headquarters. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives MSA SC 1890-243)

72 Chapter 4 The Review Process

Introduction architecturally valuable buildings, 3) to “foster civic beauty,” 4) to strengthen the local economy, and 5) The Design Guidelines contained in this manual and to “promote the use of the district for the education, the Annapolis Historic District Zoning Ordinance pleasure and welfare of the citizens.” (Chapter 21.56 of the City Code, see page 63) form the The Historic District Ordinance states that the basis for the review of applications which are brought duty of the Commission is “to review any application before the Historic Preservation Commission. The to construct, alter, move, demolish or repair any ordinance requires that: structure within the historic district and to approve “Before a person may undertake the construction, or reject each application, if any changes are visible or alteration, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoration, moving, or demolition of a designated intended to be visible from an adjacent public way in landmark, site, or structure, or a site or structure the historic district.” within a designated historic district, if any exterior change is made which would affect Approval of Proposed Changes the historic, archaeological, architectural, or An application for a Certificate of Approval must be cultural significance of a site or structure within filed with the Commission at least twenty-five (25) days a designated district or a designated landmark, prior to the Commission’s regular monthly meeting. site, or structure any portion of which is visible Once a complete application is filed, the Commission or intended to be visible from a public way, the shall have forty-five (45) days within which to act upon person, individual, firm, or corporation proposing it. If the Commission fails to act upon an application to make the construction or change shall file within the forty-five day period, the application shall an application for a certificate of approval with be deemed approved, and the certificate shall be the Commission for permission to construct, alter, rehabilitate, restore, reconstruct, move, or issued, unless the applicant and the Commission shall demolish the landmark, site, or structure.” have agreed upon an extension of the period, or the application has been withdrawn. Legal Basis for the Historic District Pre-Application Process The Annapolis Historic District Ordinance has its A voluntary and most useful part of the design review legal basis in enabling legislation passed by the State process is the early presentation by the applicant of of Maryland (Article 66B, Section 8.01 et seq. of the design ideas in sketch fashion for Commission review. Annotated Code of Maryland) “to preserve a district The pre-application process enables the applicant to in Annapolis which reflects elements of its cultural, present the basic concepts of the proposed change in social, economic, political and architectural history.” sketch form without incurring the expense of a complete The purposes of the ordinance are 1) to stabilize and application. During the sketch review, the applicant improve property values, 2) to preserve historically or

73 can present a single design proposal or present design Copies of manufacturers’ product literature options for discussion. A disapproved preliminary showing products and items to be incorporated into the design saves the applicant the time and expense of work should be included in the application package. developing a complete submission, and an approved Where submitted literature shows more than one preliminary design streamlines the final review process. product, the specific materials or items proposed must be indicated on the submission. Application Submission Requirements An application may be rejected and returned to A complete application for a Certificate of Approval the applicant if: 1) it does not comply with Planning consists of an original (labeled “master package”) and and Zoning Department zoning requirements, or 2) the eleven copies of each of the following: application does not include all the information required for Commission review. 1 The completed application form. Preliminary Comments 2 Site plan. Written comments prepared by Historic Preservation 3 Detailed drawings, including plans and Commission staff, the City Planning and Zoning elevations, of the proposed alterations or Department, the Department of Neighborhood and improvement. Environment Programs, and Historic Annapolis 4 For an existing structure, photographs of the Foundation are filed eleven (11) days before the hearing. structure showing the part or parts to be altered. Any citizen may also file written comments, as may an applicant who wishes to amend his or her application 5 For a proposed new structure, photographs of after review of written comments on file, provided the the subject site and all buildings in the immediate applicant’s comments are filed prior to five (5) days neighborhood. before the hearing. An applicant may appear at a hearing with modified plans, in response to comments regarding Drawings must be hard line (not freehand) the application. If minor, the Commission will accept the drawings prepared to an appropriate scale. For most changes. If not, the modification will be reviewed on the buildings, drawings should be presented at a scale of following month’s agenda. 1/4” equals one foot for plans and building elevations. For very large buildings, with Commission consent, Public Hearings elevation drawings may be prepared at a scale of 1/8” The Commission holds a public hearing on every equals one foot. Storefronts and other detailed work application for a Certificate of Approval. At the hearing, should be presented at a minimum scale of 1/2” equals the applicant and all other interested persons may one foot. testify. Every decision made becomes part of the public The submitted drawings must show the details of record. The City ordinance provides that, in the event construction, all materials must be labeled, and the finish an application is rejected, no new application for the treatment of all surfaces must be described. Sufficient same or similar work may be filed for one year. The specification notes should be included to allow an Commission attempts to avoid outright rejection of an accurate understanding of the appearance of the new application and allows any application to be voluntarily building or addition. For changes to existing structures, withdrawn. building parts should be clearly labeled as “new” or “existing.” Protecting Significant Structures Photographs should thoroughly show the subject For structures deemed to be of particular historical site, adjacent properties, and details of any existing or architectural value, the Commission is strict in its structures affected by the work. Photographs should be judgment of applications. If an application is submitted taken to show all views of the site possible from adjacent for extensive reconstruction or exterior alterations or public rights of way. This should include rear elevations for its moving or demolition, the Commission shall which can be seen from the street behind the lot, or work with the owner to formulate an economically views possible from higher elevations in the Historic feasible plan for the preservation of the structure. If District. no such plan can be formulated, the Commission shall Original photographs must be mounted on 8-1/2” have ninety (90) days to negotiate with the owner and x 11” paper and labeled. Original photographs are to be other parties to find a means of preserving the building. included in the master set, while xeroxographic copies are acceptable for the other sets.

74 Appendix A The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation

The following Standards are to be applied to specific distinctive feature, the new feature shall match rehabilitation projects in a reasonable manner, taking the old in design, color, texture, and other into consideration economic and technical feasibility. visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be A property shall be used for its historic substantiated by documentary, physical, or 1 purpose or be placed in a new use that requires pictorial evidence. minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. Chemical or physical treatments, such as 7 sandblasting, that cause damage to historic The historic character of a property shall be materials shall not be used. The surface 2 retained and preserved. The removal of historic cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be materials or alteration of features and spaces undertaken using the gentlest means possible. that characterize a property shall be avoided. Significant archaeological resources affected Each property shall be recognized as a physical 8 by a project shall be protected and preserved. 3 record of its time, place, and use. Changes that If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation create a false sense of historical development, measures shall be undertaken. such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, New additions, exterior alterations, or related shall not be undertaken. 9 new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The Most properties change over time; those new work shall be differentiated from the old 4 changes that have acquired historic significance and shall be compatible with the massing, in their own right shall be retained and size, scale, and architectural features to protect preserved. the historic integrity of the property and its environment. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction 5 techniques or examples of craftsmanship New additions and adjacent or related new that characterize a historic property shall be 10 construction shall be undertaken in such a preserved. manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired property and its environment would be 6 rather than replaced. Where the severity unimpaired. of deterioration requires replacement of a

75 Appendix B Annapolis Architectural Glossary

architrave. 1) The lowest horizontal element of a clapboards. Narrow boards applied horizontally to an classical entablature; see also orders. 2) The exterior wall, each of which overlaps the one below ornamental moldings (trim) around windows, it to create a continuous skin over the wooden doors and other wall openings. frame. asymmetrical. Not symmetrical. classical. 1) Decorative elements deriving directly or indirectly from the architectural vocabulary baluster. A shaped, short vertical member, often of ancient Greece and Rome; 2) architectural har circular in section, supporting a railing or capping. mony based on the principles of ancient Greek and balustrade. An assembly consisting of a railing or Roman architecture. capping supported by a series of balusters. colonnade. A series of regularly spaced columns bay. A regularly repeated main division of a building supporting an entablature. design. A building whose facade is five windows column. A long vertical structural member that wide may be described as a five-bay building. supports a load; in classical terms, a cylindrical bay window. A window structure projecting beyond support having a base, shaft and capital. the main wall plane; if attached to the building cornice. Strictly, the upper projecting part of an above ground level, properly called an oriel. entablature; in carpenter/builder terminology, blind. A louvered shutter that excludes vision and any projected moulding (“crown molding”) which direct sunlight, but not indirect light and air, from crowns or finishes a horizontal fascia; the exterior a house. assembly which closes the joint between the wall and roof of a building. bond. The setting pattern of bricks or stones, such as common bond, Flemish bond, etc. dependency. A subsidiary building adjoining a principal structure. bracket. A projecting support placed under an architectural overhang such as a cornice; often Doric. One of the 5 classical orders, column usually ornate. without a base and with a simple capital. bulk. The three-dimensional size or mass of a building. dormer. A roofed structure with a vertical window that projects from a pitched roof. capital. The top member (cap) of a column. double-hung sash window. A window with two casement sash, casement window. A window sash vertical sliding sash, each closing half of the which is side hinged; a window having casement window opening. sashes. double pile. A floor plan that is two rooms deep. casing. The exposed architectural trim or lining around a wall opening. eave. The lower part of a roof that projects beyond the wall.

76 elevation. The perpendicular view of a side of a hyphen. A secondary building section connecting a building; an accurate drawing of one side of a dependency to the principal structure. building that represents its true dimensions in the in-kind. Replacement of building components plan perpendicular to the line of sight. matching the original components in material, size, ell. A wing or addition extended at a right angle from profile, texture, and color. the principal dimension of building, resulting in an jack arch. See Flat arch. “L” shaped plan. light. A pane of glass installed in a window sash. entablature. The horizontal member carried by columns, composed of architrave (bottom), frieze lintel. A horizontal structural member that spans an and cornice (top); see also orders. opening, for example a window lintel. facade. The exterior front face of a building; usually the Mansard. A roof that is double pitched, the lower being most ornate or articulated elevation. much steeper, designed to allow a full story height within the attic space. fanlight. A half-circular or half-elliptical window; often placed over a door. mass. Bulk or three-dimensional size of an object. fascia. Any long, flat horizontal band or member. massing. The combination of several masses to create a building volume; organization of the shape of fenestration. The arrangement and design of window a building, as differentiated from wall treatment, and door openings in a building. fenestration, etc. flat arch. An arch with a horizontal bottom, formed modillions. A small bracket used in a series to support with wedge-shaped stones or bricks. the uppermost part of a classical cornice, usually Flemish bond. A bond pattern in which each course found in the Corinthian or Composite Order. consists of alternating stretcher and header bricks, mullion. A vertical member separating windows, doors and on alternating courses headers are centered on or panels set in series; often used for structural stretchers. purposes. French door. A door with a top and bottom rail, stiles muntin. A slender member separating and encasing (sides) and glass panes throughout most of its panes of glass in a window sash. length. order. In classical architecture, a column with frontispiece. An ornamental portal or entrance bay base (usually), shaft, capital, and entablature, around a main door. embellished and proportioned according to one gable. The vertical triangular shape of a building wall of the accepted styles—Tuscan, Doric, Ionic, above the cornice height formed by two sloping Corinthian, and Composite. roof planes. oriel. A window structure projecting beyond the main galleting. A decorative pattern of pebbles or stone wall plane attached to the building above ground chips inserted in the mortar joints between stones. level. gambrel. A roof with two pitches on each side of the Palladian. Relating to the architectural designs of ridge line. Andrea Palladio, Italian Renaissance architect. garret. The space within the roof structure (attic). Palladian window. A three part window consisting of a prominent center window unit, often arched, Georgian style. Named after King George I, II, and III, flanked by smaller windows. the prevailing classical revival style of 18th century Great Britain and the North American colonies. pane. A flat sheet of glass cut to size for glazing use in a window; also called a light or a window light. header. In brick masonry, a brick laid so that its end is exposed in the finished wall surface. parapet. A low guarding wall at the edge of a roof or balcony; the portion of a fire wall or party wall header bond. An unusual brick bond pattern in which above the roof level. the finished wall surface consists of all headers. parge. A coating of cement-based mortar (stucco) hip. The external angle at the intersection of two roof applied over rough masonry work. planes, a hip roof has roof planes that slope toward the center from all sides. pediment. In classical architecture, the triangular gable end of a roof above a horizontal cornice. hood. A projecting cover placed over an opening to shelter it.

77 pergola. A garden structure with an open wood-framed shed roof. A single-pitched roof over a small room; roof, often latticed. often attached to a main structure. picket fence. A fence formed by a series of vertical shutter. An external movable screen or door used pales, posts or stakes and joined together by to cover a wall opening, especially a window; horizontal rails. originally for security purposes; often confused with louvered blinds. pilaster. A flat vertical element applied to the wall surface that simulates a classical column. sidelight. A framed area of fixed glass alongside a door or window opening. pitch, roof. The slope of a roof; usually expressed as a ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run (inches sill. The horizontal lower member of a window or vertical in 12 inches horizontal). other frame. plan. A two-dimensional view of a building, or single pile. A floor plan that is one room deep. horizontal section of it, seen from above; hence, site plan. An accurate scaled drawing of a site (lot) a precise drawing showing the arrangement of as if seen from above, describing the property design, including wall openings and dimensions. boundary and orientation, the location of buildings, porch. A structure attached to a building to shelter driveways, walks and other constructed site an entrance or to serve as a semi-enclosed space, improvements, the retained vegetation and new usually roofed and generally open-sided. plantings and finished grade contours. portico. A porch or covered walkway with a roof skylight. A glazed opening in a roof plane that admits supported by columns. light. proportion. The relation of one dimension to another; stoop. An uncovered platform and steps at an entrance. usually described as a numerical ratio; in streetscape. A setting or expanse consisting of the architecture, proportions determine the creation of street, landscaping, and buildings along a street, as visual order through coordination of shapes in a seen by the eye in one view. design. stretcher. A brick laid with the long side visible in the quoin. A masonry (or simulated masonry) unit applied finished work. to the corner of a building; often slightly projecting. string course. A horizontal course of masonry or wood rhythm. In architecture, the repeated pattern of trim which projects from a wall. building elements such as doors and windows. symmetrical. A similarity of form or arrangement on ridge, ridge line. The horizontal line formed by the either side of a dividing line. juncture of two sloping roof planes transom. A horizontal bar of wood separating a door sash. The movable framework holding the glass in a from a transom window above it. window. vernacular. A mode of building based on regional scale. A measure of the relative or apparent size of a forms and materials. building or building component in relation to a known unit of measure or a familiar size for such a water table. A horizontal course of masonry or wood component. A building is of human scale when the trim separating the foundation walls from the size of architectural components relates to the size of exterior walls above. an adult human body. (Glossary definitions are in part based on Historic segmental arch. An arch in which the arched portion is Architecture Sourcebook by Cyril M. Harris, ed., New less than a semi-circular. York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1977).

78 Appendix C City of Annapolis Historic District Zoning Ordinance

Chapter 21.56 HISTORIC DISTRICT Article I Approval of Exterior Changes 21.56.010 Authority and purpose. Article I Approval of Exterior Changes A. The Mayor and City Council of the City of Annapolis, 21.56.010 Authority and purpose. Maryland, derives authority for this chapter by virtue of 21.56.020 Definitions. its conformance with provisions of the State of Maryland 21.56.030 Boundaries. Enabling Act for Historic Area Zoning, Article 66B, Zoning and Planning, Section 8.01--8.17, Annotated 21.56.035 Sales of historic real property. Code of Maryland, as amended. 21.56.040 Certificate of approval. B. The preservation of sites, structures, and districts of historical, cultural, archaeological, or architectural 21.56.050 Certificate of approval--Demolition. significance together with their appurtenances and 21.56.060 Application review. environmental settings is a public purpose. C. It is the further purpose of this article to preserve and 21.56.070 Certificate of approval--Commission decision. enhance the quality of life and to safeguard the historical 21.56.080 Certificate of approval--Expiration. and cultural heritage of Annapolis by preserving sites, 21.56.090 Maintenance, repair, and demolition by structures, or districts which reflect the elements of the neglect. City’s cultural, social, economic, political, archaeological, or architectural history; to strengthen the local economy; 21.56.100 Undergrounding of utilities. to stabilize and improve property values in and around 21.56.110 Appeals. such historic areas; to foster civic beauty, and to preserve and promote the preservation and appreciation of 21.56.120 Historic preservation violations. historic sites, structures and districts for the education 21.56.130 Severability. and welfare of the citizens of the City. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.56.140 Statutory authority. 21.56.020 Definitions. Article II Height and Bulk Limits For the purposes of this chapter, the following words 21.56.150 Purpose. and phrases shall have the meanings respectively 21.56.160 Applicability. ascribed to them: 21.56.170 Height measurement. “Alteration” shall mean any exterior changes that would affect the historic, cultural or architectural 21.56.180 Special height limit districts. significance of a designated site or structure, any portion 21.56.190 Front setback for replacement buildings. of which is visible or intended to be visible from a public way including, but not limited to, construction, 21.56.200 Side yards. reconstruction, moving or demolition. 21.56.210 Width of buildings. “Appurtenances and environmental settings” shall mean all that space of grounds and structures 21.56.220 Existing buildings. thereon which surrounds a designated site or structure and to which it related physically and/or visually.

79 Appurtenances and environmental settings shall archaeological, or architectural or cultural significance of include, but not be limited to, walkways and driveways the historical landmark, site or structure. (whether paved or not), trees, landscape elements, “New construction” shall mean construction which waterways, open space, setbacks, parks, public spaces, is characterized by the introduction of new elements, and rocks. sites, buildings, or structures or additions to existing “Certificate of approval” shall mean a certificate buildings and structures in historic districts. issued by the Historic Preservation Commission “Preservation” shall mean actions taken to prevent indicating its approval of plans for construction, or keep a structure from decay or degradation. alteration, reconstruction, rehabilitation, restoration, “Reconstruction” shall mean the process of moving, or demolition of an individually designated reproducing, by new construction, the exact form and landmark, site, or structure or of a site or structure detail of a vanished structure, or part thereof, as it within a designated historic district. appeared at a specific period of time. “Cultural” shall mean that which relates to the “Rehabilitation” shall mean the act or process of artistic, historic, intellectual, educational, archaeological, returning a property or building to usable condition or architectural aspects of the City of Annapolis. through repair, alteration, and/or preservation of “Demolition” shall mean any act which destroys, in its features which are significant to its historical, whole or in part, an individually designated landmark, architectural, and cultural values. site, or structure, or a site or structure within a “Repair” shall mean the process of rehabilitation designated historic district not including appurtenances which warrants additional work beyond simple and environmental settings. maintenance, repair, includes patching, piecing in, “Demolition by neglect” shall mean any willful splicing, consolidating or otherwise, reinforcing neglect in the maintenance or repair of an individually materials according to recognized preservation methods. designated landmark, site, or structure, or a site or “Restoration” shall mean the process of accurately structure within a designated historic district, not recovering the form and details of a property as it including any appurtenances and environmental appeared at a specific period of time by means of settings, that does not result from an owner’s financial removal of later work and the replacement of work inability to maintain and repair such landmark, site, missing from that period. or structure, and which results in any of the following “Site” shall mean the location of an event of conditions: historic significance or the location of a structure 1. The deterioration of the foundations, exterior walls, whether standing or ruined, which possesses historic, roofs, chimneys, doors, or windows, so as to create or architectural, archaeological, or cultural significance. permit a hazardous or unsafe condition to exist; or “Structure” shall mean a combination of material to form a construction that is stable including, but 2. The deterioration of the foundations, exterior walls, not limited to, buildings, stadiums, reviewing stands, roofs, chimneys, doors, or windows, the lack of adequate platforms, stagings, observation towers, radio towers, waterproofing, or the deterioration of interior features, water tanks and towers, trestles, bridges, piers, paving, which will or could result in permanent damage, injury, bulkheads, wharves, sheds, coal bins, shelters, fences, or loss of or loss to foundations, exterior walls, roofs, and display signs visible or intended to be visible from chimneys, doors or windows. a public way. The term “structure” shall be construed as “Historic district” shall mean a significant if followed by the words, “or part thereof.” (Ord. O-1-04 concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites or structures Revised (part), 2005) united historically, architecturally, archaeologically, or 21.56.030 Boundaries. culturally, by plan or physical development. An historic district shall include all property within its boundaries A. The boundaries of the Annapolis historic district are as defined and designated by the City Council. established as follows: “Exterior features” shall mean the architectural style, Beginning for the same at the intersection of the design, and general arrangement of the exterior of an centerline of Southgate Avenue with the tidewaters historic structure, including the nature and texture of of Spa Creek; thence leaving the beginning point and building material, and the type and style of all windows, running with the tidewaters of Spa Creek westerly one doors, light fixtures, signs or similar items found on or hundred fifty feet, more or less, to intersect a line drawn related to the exterior of an historic structure. parallel to and distant southwesterly one hundred fifty “Landmark” shall mean any site or structure, feet, as measured at right angles from the centerline designated by the City Council, that is of exceptional of Southgate Avenue; thence leaving the tidewaters historic, cultural, archaeological, or architectural of Spa Creek and running northwesterly with the line significance. parallel to Southgate Avenue to intersect the centerline “Maintenance” shall mean work that does not alter of Franklin Street; thence leaving Franklin Street, the exterior fabric or features of a landmark, site or continuing parallel to Southgate Avenue one hundred structure and has no material effect on the historical, feet, more or less, to intersect a line drawn parallel to

80 and distant northwesterly one hundred feet as measured 41, folios 3 and 4, which is the same property conveyed at right angles from the centerline of Franklin Street; by E. Nyce Feldmeyer, unmarried, to C. Edward thence leaving the line parallel to Southgate Avenue Hartman, II and Patricia M. Hartman, his wife, by deed and running with the line parallel to Franklin Street dated April 26, 1956, and recorded among the land northeasterly to intersect the centerline of Shaw Street records of Anne Arundel County in liber G.T.C. 1559, from the point of intersection running northwesterly folio 161. following the centerline of Shaw Street northwesterly to B. The City Council may designate boundaries for a point one hundred fifty-five feet distant as measured landmarks, sites, structures, or districts of historic, from the intersection of the centerline of Shaw Street cultural, archaeological, or architectural significance. and the centerline of Lafayette Avenue; thence leaving C. Recommendations for designation of landmarks, the point of intersection and running in a southwesterly sites, structures and districts shall be submitted to the direction for eighty feet following the east property City Council for consideration. The Historic Preservation line of Lot 45 as shown on a plat of City Gate, section Commission may, after making full and proper study, 1, recorded among the land records of Anne Arundel recommend any area within the limits of the City for County in plat book 77, page 26; thence leaving the line designation as a landmark, site, structure, or district and running in a northwesterly direction following of historic, cultural, archaeological, or architectural the rear property lines of Lots 45a, 44, 43, 42 and 41 as significance. The Commission shall recommend shown on the plat to a point intersecting the centerline boundaries for the landmarks, sites, structures, and of Lafayette Avenue; thence following the centerline of districts. Lafayette Avenue in a northerly direction for a distance D. The City Council or the Commission may petition of two hundred feet; thence leaving the centerline of the Maryland Historical Trust to make an analysis of Lafayette Avenue and running in an easterly direction and recommendation concerning the preservation of following the southerly property line of Parcel 546 as landmarks, sites, structures, or districts of historic, shown on Tax Map 30 of Annapolis, as prepared by the archaeological, architectural, or cultural significance Maryland Department of Assessments and Taxation, to within the City. Such report may include proposed a point intersecting the centerline of Water Street; thence boundaries of sites, structures, or districts, as well as following the centerline of Water Street in a northerly recommendations for the identification and designation direction to a point intersecting with the centerline of of particular sites, structures, or districts to be preserved. Larkin Street; thence following the centerline of Larkin (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) Street in an easterly direction to a point intersecting 21.56.035 Sales of historic real property. the centerline of City Gate Lane; thence following the centerline of City Gate Lane in a northerly direction to A contract for the sale of real property located in the a point intersecting the centerline of West Street; thence Historic District as defined by Section 21.56.030 shall running with the centerline of West Street easterly one include a highlighted statement that the subject property hundred feet to intersect the centerline of Calvert Street; is in the District and that the buyer should visit the thence running with the centerline of Calvert Street website of the Historic Preservation Commission to learn northerly to intersect the centerline of Northwest Street; about the various requirements that apply to properties thence westerly with the centerline of Northwest Street located in the District. The buyer shall be request to to a point distant one hundred feet from the centerline initial this statement indicating that the buyer is aware of the eastbound lane of the Roscoe Rowe Boulevard; that the property is in the District. If this highlighted thence parallel with the eastbound lane of Roscoe Rowe statement is not included in the sales contract, then the Boulevard to the shoreline of College Creek; thence contract is voidable up until the execution of the deed. leaving the parallel to Roscoe Rowe Boulevard and (Ord. O-19-06 Amended § 1, 2007) running with the shoreline in a general northerly and 21.56.040 Certificate of approval. northeasterly direction to intersect the present property A. When Required. Before a person may undertake the line of the United States Naval Academy; thence leaving construction, alteration, reconstruction, rehabilitation, the shoreline of College Creek and running with the restoration, moving, or demolition of a designated present divisional lines between the United States Naval landmark, site, or structure, or a site or structure within Academy and the City of Annapolis to the intersection a designated historic district, if any exterior change is of the northeast side of Prince George Street with the made which would affect the historic, archaeological, shoreline of Spa Creek; thence leaving the United States architectural, or cultural significance of a site or structure Naval Academy property and the present property line within a designated district or a designated landmark, and running with the shoreline generally in a westerly site, or structure any portion of which is visible or direction to the place of beginning. Excepting all that intended to be visible from a public way, the person, property known as St. Anne’s cemetery. individual, firm, or corporation proposing to make Saving and excepting all that property known as the construction or change shall file an application Southgate Harbor shown on a plat filed among the plat for a certificate of approval with the Commission for records of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, in plat book permission to construct, alter, rehabilitate, restore,

81 reconstruct, move, or demolish the landmark, site, or or structures of little historic, cultural, archaeological, structure. or architectural significance, or of plans involving new B. Application. An application for a certificate of construction, unless in the Commission’s judgement approval shall be filed with the clerk to the Historic such plans would seriously impair the historic, Preservation Commission. Each application shall cultural, archaeological, or architectural significance include maps, plans and other necessary data and of surrounding landmarks, sites or structures. The documents required by the rules of the Commission Commission is not required to limit construction, and shall be advertised in the manner provided in the reconstruction, or alteration to any one period of rules. Additionally, the property shall be posted in architectural style. accordance with the rules and regulations adopted by E. Special Considerations. the Commission. Application fees shall be determined 1. If an application is submitted for construction, by the Department of Planning and Zoning. reconstruction, or alteration affecting a landmark, C. Referral to and Consideration by the Commission. site or the exterior of a structure or for the moving or Every application shall be referred to and considered demolition of a structure, the preservation of which the by the Commission and accepted, accepted with Commission considers to be of unusual importance to modifications, or rejected by the Commission. An the City, State, or Nation, the Commission shall attempt application which is identical to a rejected application to formulate an economically feasible plan with the may not be resubmitted within a period of one year after owner(s) of the site or structure for the preservation of the rejection. No certificate of approval shall be granted the landmark, site or structure. until the Commission has acted thereon as hereinafter 2. In the circumstances described above in subsection provided. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) (E)(1) of this section, unless the Commission is 21.56.050 Certificate of approval--Demolition. satisfied that the proposed construction, alteration, or reconstruction will not materially impair the historic, An application for demolition of a structure shall include cultural, archaeological, or architectural significance of plans for a replacement structure. Approval for the the landmark, site or structure, the Commission shall demolition of a structure may be conditioned upon the reject the application, filing a copy of its rejection with construction of an acceptable replacement structure, the Department of Public Works. or landscape or park plan. A bond or other financial 3. If an application is submitted for construction, guaranty in the amount of the cost of the replacement reconstruction, or alteration, or for the moving or structure may be required in order to assure the demolition of a landmark, site or structure that the construction of the replacement structure, or park, or Commission considers to be of unusual importance landscape plan. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) and no economically feasible plan can be formulated, 21.56.060 Application review. the Commission shall have ninety days, from the time A. In reviewing applications, the Commission shall give it concludes that no economically feasible plan can be consideration to the historic, cultural, archaeological, formulated, to negotiate with the owner(s) and other or architectural significance of the landmark, site, or parties in an effort to find a means of preserving the structure and its relationship to the historic, cultural, landmark, site or structure. At the end of such ninety archaeological, or architectural significance of the day period, if no means of preserving the landmark, surrounding area; the relationship of the exterior site or structure has been found, the Commission shall architectural features of a landmark, site, or structure either approve, approve with modifications, or reject the to the remainder of the landmark, site, or structure application. and to the surrounding area; the general compatibility 4. In the case of a landmark, site or structure considered of proposed exterior design, scale, proportion, to be valuable for its historic, cultural, archaeological, arrangement, texture, and materials to the landmark, or architectural significance, the Commission may site, or structure and to the surrounding area; and approve the proposed construction, reconstruction, any other factors including aesthetic factors which the alteration, moving, or demolition despite the provisions Commission deems to be pertinent. of subsection (E)(2) of this section, if the Commission B. The Commission shall consider only exterior features finds that: of a landmark, site, or structure and shall not consider a. The landmark, site or structure is a deterrent to any interior arrangements. a major improvement program which will be of C. The Commission shall not disapprove an application substantial benefit to the City; except with respect to the several factors specified in b. Retention of the landmark, site or structure would subsection A of this section. cause undue financial hardship to the owner; or D. The Commission shall be strict in its judgment of c. Retention of the landmark, site or structure would not plans for landmarks, sites or structures determined be in the interests of a majority of persons in the City. by research to be of historic, cultural, archaeological, (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) or architectural significance. The Commission shall be 21.56.070 Certificate of approval--Commission decision. lenient in its judgement of plans for landmarks, sites

82 A. The Commission shall file with the Department of materials such as photographs and written reports of the Public Works a certificate of approval certifying its condition of the property so as to record or measure the approval or modification of each application and plans deterioration. submitted to it for review. If an application is rejected, D. The notice shall provide that corrective action shall the Commission shall notify the Department of Public commence within thirty days of the receipt of said Works. notice and be completed within a reasonable time B. Work shall not be commenced on any project until thereafter. The notice shall state that the owner(s) of such a certificate of approval has been filed, and the record of the property, or any person(s) of record with Department of Public Works shall not issue a building any right, title, or interest therein, may, within ten days permit for such change or construction unless it has after the receipt of the notice, request a hearing on received such a certificate of approval. the necessity of the items and conditions contained in C. Failure of the Commission to act upon a completed the notice. In the event a public hearing is requested, application within forty-five days from the date the it shall be held by the Commission upon thirty days’ completed application was filed shall be deemed to written notice being mailed to all persons of record constitute automatic approval of the proposed changes with any right, title, or interest in the property and to unless an extension of the forty-five day period all citizens and organizations which the Commission is mutually agreed upon by the applicant and the determines may have an interest in the proceedings. Commission or the application has been withdrawn E. If, after the public hearing, the Commission and except as provided by Section 21.56.060(E)(3) of this determines that the corrective actions remain necessary, section. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) the Commission may request that the Mayor issue 21.56.080 Certificate of approval--Expiration. final notice to be mailed to the owner(s) of record and all parties of record with any right, title, or interest in A certificate of approval of the Commission shall expire the property, advising them of the items of repair and automatically, unless extended by the Commission, if: maintenance necessary to correct the deterioration or A. In the case of an application for the demolition, prevent further deterioration. The owner shall institute moving or alteration of a structure, the work has not corrective action to comply with the final notice within commenced within six months and been completed thirty days of receipt of the final notice. within one year from the date of issuance of the F. Upon failure, neglect, or refusal of the property certificate of approval; owner(s) or other responsible person(s), duly notified, B. In the case of an application for the construction of to take the corrective action specified in the final notice a new structure, the work has not commenced within within the time required, the Commission may request one year from the date of issuance of the certificate of that the Mayor’s office institute any of the remedies and approval and been completed within three years; or penalties provided by law for such violations. (Ord. O-1- C. For the purposes of this section, application for 04 Revised (part), 2005) extension of approval shall be treated and considered as a new application before the Commission. (Ord. O-1-04 21.56.100 Undergrounding of utilities. Revised (part), 2005) A. The City may require that utility companies relocate 21.56.090 Maintenance, repair, and demolition by underground existing overhead lines and facilities neglect. within a defined part of the district or the entire district, and require that the connection thereto be placed A. Nothing in this article shall be taken or construed underground, if necessary by private owners then to prevent maintenance that does not alter the exterior receiving service from the overhead lines and facilities. fabric or features of a designated landmark, site, or The City shall provide: structure, or landscape elements, and which will have no 1. That the estimated cost to property owners, for work material effect on the historic, cultural, archaeological, or to be performed on private property, be determined and architectural significance of a designated landmark, site, made available to affected property owners; structure, or district. 2. That financing of these costs to private owners be B. In the event of demolition by neglect, the Commission provided including any charges for the amortization of may request that the Mayor’s office notify, in writing, the bonds issued to initially cover such private costs. The the property owner(s) of record, any person(s) having City may enter into agreement with individual property a right, title, or interest therein, and the occupant(s) owners whereupon it will advance funds to cover the or other person(s) responsible for the maintenance property owner’s costs involved in the conversion of of the property, of the deterioration. The notice shall the overhead lines and facilities and may appropriate specify the minimum items of repair or maintenance funds, levy taxes or borrow funds to pay and advance necessary to correct the deterioration or prevent further the costs of such conversion. The City may also impose a deterioration. benefit assessment against the property in the district for C. Prior to the issuance of a written notice, the which the conversion is made in order to recapture such Commission may request that the City establish a record expended costs and make appropriate provisions for the of demolition by neglect. Such record may include dated

83 collection thereof; and to limit the authority of the Historic Preservation 3. For any other provisions reasonably related to the Commission of the City to review proposals with respect objectives of placing underground overhead lines and to height and bulk. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) facilities, and the administration of such projects. Article II Height and Bulk Limits B. Notwithstanding any other provision in this section, the Public Service Commission shall prescribe the 21.56.150 Purpose. amount of the monthly surcharge required to support The purpose of this article is to provide for light and the net capital costs and determine which customers of the circulation of air, to prevent the congestion of the applicable utility are subject to the surcharge, or the population, to implement the purpose set forth in Commission shall include the related net capital costs Section 21.56.010 of this chapter, and to better preserve in the rate base, or shall adopt any other method to the existing historical and architectural character of appropriately apportion the said costs. However, in no the historic district by limiting the height and bulk of event shall the utility be required to pay more than fifty buildings in the historic district. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised percent of the net capital costs. The City is authorized to (part), 2005) make appropriations for such relocation projects from 21.56.160 Applicability. any appropriate Federal, State and local funds it receives for this purpose. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) The special height and bulk limits apply only to land within the historic district and are intended to be 21.56.110 Appeals. supplementary and in addition to the more general Any person or persons, firm or corporation aggrieved factors of compatibility set forth in Section 21.56.100 by a decision of the Commission has a right of appeal to of Article I of this chapter. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), the Anne Arundel County Circuit Court and a further 2005) appeal to the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland. 21.56.170 Height measurement. Appeal requests must be filed within thirty days from the date of the Commission decision. (Ord. O-1-04 The height of buildings shall be determined in the Revised (part), 2005) following manner: A. All measurements shall be taken from the center 21.56.120 Historic preservation violations. of the building at the front setback line; provided, A. Any person(s) who willfully performs or allows to be however, that if the building is greater than forty- performed any work without first obtaining a certificate four feet wide, the massing shall conform to Section of approval, fails to comply with any final notice issued 21.56.210. In buildings greater than forty-four feet in pursuant to this article, or disregards a decision of the width, the building height measurement shall be taken Commission will be in violation of the provisions of at the highest point of each building element at the front this article. A violation of the article shall be deemed a setback line. municipal infraction as stated in the City Code. Each and B. Antennas and mechanical equipment up to thirty every day that the violation continues shall be deemed inches high shall not be counted in computing height, a separate offense. Violators may be assessed a fine as and penthouses, other structures and mechanical established by the City Council for each day that the equipment thirty inches in height shall be used in violation continues. computing height; chimneys are excluded. B. In addition to other remedies and penalties, where C. For the purpose of achieving a permanent height there is a violation of this article, the Planning and limit, the height of a building shall not be allowed to Zoning Director, through the City Attorney, shall increase because of an increase in the elevation of the institute appropriate action to prevent, enjoin, abate or front setback line occurring after the effective date of this remove the violation. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) Zoning Code. 21.56.130 Severability. D. Height Measurement in Special Height Limit Districts. If any provisions of this article or the application thereof 1. Two limits are established for each height district: to any person(s) or circumstances are held invalid for a. The height of a building at its highest point. any reason, such invalidity shall not affect the other b. The height of a cornice or lower roofline of the provisions of any other application of this article which building at the front setback line. can be given effect without the invalid provisions or 2. The height of a building behind the front setback line application, and to this end, all the provisions of this may be increased provided it does not exceed a plane article are declared to be severable. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised projected at an angle of forty-five degrees upward from (part), 2005) the maximum allowable cornice or lower roofline height 21.56.140 Statutory authority. at the front setback line. The plane may contain roof The authorities for this law are Section 4.01 et seq. and dormers provided the sum of their widths does not Section 8.01 et seq. of Article 66B of the Annotated Code exceed fifty percent of the street front linear dimensions of Maryland. Nothing in this law shall be construed of the building. 3. For gambrel and gable roofs with ridge lines

84 perpendicular to the street, the height of a cornice or for the C-1 district shall be modified to require: lower roofline will be measured at the side wall at the A. Existing Yards. Existing side yards shall be front setback line, and the height of the building at its maintained; provided, that they are not required to be highest point will be measured at the ridge line. greater than five feet. B. New Construction. Illustration for height measurement. 1. Where a new building or building addition replaces a building or part of a building that had a side yard, the side yard shall be maintained; provided, that it is not required to be greater than five feet. 2. Where a new building replaces a building which did not have side yard, then a side yard is not required. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 3. In all other cases of new building, a side yard of five feet is required. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.56.180 Special height limit districts. 21.56.210 Width of buildings. A. Establishment. Three special height limit districts are established: district 1, district 2 and district 3. A. The width of new buildings is governed by the width B. Location and Boundaries. The location and of their individual building elements (as defined in boundaries of the special height limit districts are as subsection C of this section) which should be compatible set forth on the map entitled “Historic District Special with the massing of structures in the surrounding Height and Bulk Limits, Revised, May, 1983,” certified neighborhood and with the historic district to maintain copies of which are be maintained by the Department the historic and architectural character of the historic of Planning and Zoning, which constitutes a part of the district. “City of Annapolis Zoning District Map,” established by B. The width of individual building elements may not Section 21.06.020. exceed twice the height of the lower roofline of the C. Applicability. The special height and bulk limits in building as measured at the front setback line. these districts shall govern over any other height and C. “Building elements” means an unbroken roof ridge bulk limits established in other provisions of this Zoning line, cornice or lower roofline, or wall. A building Code. element will be considered broken if it is significantly D. Regulations. offset from another building element, or separated 1. No building in the special height limit district 1 may from another building element by a projection or recess exceed a total height of thirty-two feet and a height creating a substantial and distinct shadow line. (Ord. O- of twenty-two feet at the cornice or lower roofline 1-04 Revised (part), 2005) measured at the front setback line. 21.56.220 Existing buildings. 2. No building in the special height limit district 2 may No building lawfully existing on the effective date of this exceed a total height of thirty-eight feet and a height Zoning Code shall be considered to be nonconforming of twenty-eight feet at the cornice or lower roofline because of a failure to comply with the provisions of measured at the front setback line. this article, and nothing in this article prevents the 3. No building in the special height limit district 3 may restoration of a damaged or destroyed building, subject, exceed a total height of forty-five feet and height of however, to the approval of the Historic Preservation thirty-five feet at the cornice or lower roofline measured Commission and Section 21.68.020. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised at the front setback line. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), (part), 2005) 2005) 21.56.190 Front setback for replacement buildings. Within the limits of the historic district, front setback provisions for the C1, C1A, C2, C2A and C2P districts shall be modified to provide that where a new building is constructed which takes the place of an existing building, the new building may be constructed with the same front setback as existed for the building it replaces; otherwise, the new building shall be subject to the provisions of the bulk regulations for those districts. (Ord. O-1-04 Revised (part), 2005) 21.56.200 Side yards. Within the limits of the historic district the interior side yard requirement specified in the bulk regulations table

85 Appendix D Selected Bibliography

MARYLAND HISTORY Reps, John. Tidewater Towns. Williamsburg, VA: Colonial Williamsburg Carr, Lois G., Morgan, Philip D., and Russo, Jean B., eds. Colonial Chesapeake Foundation, 1972. Society. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press for Tatum, George B. “Great Houses from the Golden Age of Annapolis,” in The the Institute of Early American History and Culture, 1988. Magazine Antiques CXI: 1 (January 1977), pp. 174-186. Land, Aubrey C. Colonial Maryland, A History. Millwood, New York: KTO Trostel, Michael L. “The ‘Annapolis Plan’ in Maryland,” in Building by the Book, Press, 1981. Mario di Valmoroso, ed. Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia Middleton, Arthur Pierce. Tobacco Coast: A Maritime History of the Chesapeake for the Center for Palladian Studies in America, 1986, pp. 1-34. Bay in the Colonial Era. 1953. Reprint, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Ware, Donna M. Anne Arundel’s Legacy: The Historic Properties of Anne Arundel University Press, 1984. County. Annapolis: Anne Arundel County, 1990. ANNAPOLIS HISTORY Wright, Russell J. “The Town Plan of Annapolis,” in The Magazine Antiques CXI: Middleton, Arthur Pierce and Iseley, N. Jane. Annapolis on the Chesapeake. 1 (January 1977), pp.148-151. Greensboro, NC: Legacy Publications for Historic Annapolis, Inc., 1988. BUILDING REHABILITATION, RESTORATION, AND CONSERVATION Riley, Elihu Samuel. The Ancient City: A History of Annapolis in Maryland, 1649- Bowyer, Jack, ed. Handbook of Building Crafts in Conservation. New York and 1887. Annapolis, MD: Record Printing Office, 1887; reprinted Annapolis: London: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1981. Anne Arundel County and Annapolis Bicentennial Committee, 1977. Kitchen, Judith I. Caring for Your Old House: A Guide for Owners and Residents. Warren, Mame. Then Again. . . Annapolis, 1900-1965. Annapolis, MD: Time Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1991. Exposures, Limited, 1990. London, Mark. Masonry: How to Care for Old and Historic Brick and Stone. Warren, Marion E. and Warren, Mary Elizabeth. “The Train’s Done Been and Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1988. Gone,” An Annapolis Portrait, 1859-1910. Annapolis, MD: M.E. Warren, McKee, Harley J. Introduction to Early American Masonry; Stone, Brick, Mortar 1976. and Plaster. Washington, DC: National Trust for Historic Preservation AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE and Columbia University, 1973. Blumenson, John J. G. Identifying American Architecture: A Pictorial Guide to Melville, Ian A. and Gordon, Ian A. The Repair and Maintenance of Houses. Styles and Terms, 1600-1945. Nashville, TN: American Association of State London: The Estates Gazette Ltd., 1973; reprinted , 1979. and Local History, 1982. National Park Service. Respectful Rehabilitation: Answers to Your Questions Gowans, Alan. Images of American Living. New York: Harper & Row, 1976. About Old Buildings. Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1982. Harris, Cyril M. Architecture Sourcebook. New York: McGraw-Hill Book New York Landmarks Conservancy. Repairing Old and Historic Windows. Company, 1977. Washington, D C: The Preservation Press, 1992. Morrison, Hugh. Early American Architecture from the First Colonial Settlements to Old House Journal. Numerous articles dealing with historic windows, doors, the National Period. New York: Oxford University Press, 1952. paints, roofing, foundations, porches, shutters, and other topics. Pierson, William H., Jr. American Buildings and Their Architects, The Colonial and Preservation Briefs. Washington, DC: National Park Service. Series of technical Neoclassical Styles. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1970. briefs on various building conservation topics. Rifkind, Carol. A Field Guide to American Architecture. New York and London: Preservation Tech Notes. Washington, DC: National Park Service. Series of New American Library, Inc., 1980. technical briefs on various building conservation topics. Whiffen, Marcus. American Architecture Since 1780: A Guide to the Styles. Shivers, Natalie. Walls and Moldings: How to Care for Old and Historic Wood and Cambridge, MA and London: The MIT Press, 1969; reprinted 1981. Plaster. Washington, DC: The Preservation Press, 1990. Whiffen, Marcus and Kolpers, Frederick. American Architecture, 1607-1976. Timmons, Sharon. Preservation and Conservation: Principles and Practices. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 1981. Proceedings of the North American International Regional Conference, ANNAPOLIS ARCHITECTURE AND TOWN PLAN Williamsburg, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 10-16, 1972. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press for the Anderson, Elizabeth B. Annapolis: A Walk Through History. Centreville, MD: Preservation Press, 1976. Tidewater Publisher, 1984. HISTORIC DISTRICTS AND PRESERVATION PLANNING Coffin, Lewis A. and Holder, Arthur C.Brick Architecture of the Colonial Period in Maryland and Virginia. New York: Architectural Book Publishing Co., Duerksen, Christopher J. A Handbook on Historic Preservation Law. Washington, 1919; reprinted New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1970. DC: The Conservation Foundation and the National Center for Preservation Law, 1983. Historic Annapolis, Inc. A Guide to Domestic and Commercial Architectural Styles in Annapolis. Annapolis, MD: Historic Annapolis, Inc., 1975. Lang, J. Christopher. Building with Nantucket in Mind; Guidelines for Protecting the Historic Architecture and Landscape of Nantucket Island. Nantucket, MA: Kearns, Richard. “The Annapolis Cityscape,” in The Magazine Antiques CXI: 1 Nantucket Historic District Commission, 1978. (January 1977), pp. 194-200. Symonds, Pringle Hart. “Creation of a Historic District in Annapolis,” in The Miller, Marcia M. and Ridout V, Orlando. Architecture in Annapolis, A Field Magazine Antiques CXI: 1 (January 1977), pp. 146-147. Guide. Crownsville, MD: The Vernacular Architecture Forum and The Maryland Historical Trust Press, 1998. Copyright 2001, Maryland Wright, St. Clair. “Historic Preservation in Annapolis,” in The Magazine Historical Trust. Antiques CXI: 1 (January 1977), pp. 152-157.

86 Index Chapter 3 Design Guidelines

Proposed Work Page subsection Proposed Work page Subsection ADA access 41 C.3 Porches 40, 50 B.12, D.23, D.24 Additions 38 B.6 Reconstruction 39 B.9 Alterations, historic 43 D.4 Repair, 44 D.5 Archaeology 53 E replace 44 D.6 Awnings 53 D.36 Roofs, 39 B.8 Blinds 49-50 D.21, D.22 materials 45 D.10 Bricks 42, 47 C.11, D.14 systems 44 D.9 Chimney 50 D.25 Sandblasting 44 D.7 Cleaning 44 D.7 (not permitted) Cornice 37, 38 B.4, B.7 Scale 37 B.5 Curb cuts 42 C.10 Setbacks 39 B.10 Doors 47-49 D.16-D.19 Shutters 49, 50 D.21, D.22 Dormers 46 D.11 Sidewalks 42 C.11 Driveways 40 B.13 Siding, Trim 47 D.15 Facades 37 B.4 vinyl 47 D.15 Fences 41 C.6 Signage 53 D.37 Garages 40 B.13 Skylights 46 D.12 Height, Bulk 37 B.3, B.5 Standards 43 D Iron, ornamental 51 D.26 Stoops 40, 50 B.12, D.23, D.24 Landscape 40 C.1 Storefronts, 52-53 Lighting, historic 53 D.33 additions 52 D.32 new 53 D.34-D.35 exterior 51 D.30 Street Address 51 D.27 fixtures 52 D.31 Street Furniture 42 C.12 landscape 42 C.7 Trees 41 C.4 new buildings 52 D.32 Utilities, connections 51 D.29 Masonry 46 D.13 Vinyl (not permitted) materials 51 D.28 siding 47 D.15 new 47 D.14 windows 48 D.16 New buildings 34, 36 A.1, B.1, B.2 Walls, retaining 41 C.7 Paint colors 44 D.8 Windows, 47-49 D.16-D.20 Parking, off-street 42 C.10 additions 48 D.18 Plants 42 C.9 new openings 48 D.17 Planters 42 C.8 sashes 49 D.20

87 The Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission 145 Gorman Street, 3rd Floor Annapolis, Maryland 21401 (410) 263-7941 • [email protected]

The Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission is one part of a network of preservation and planning entities in the city and state. The following agencies can provide help in a variety of circumstances.

For information on planning related services contact: For building permits and the building code, contact:

Department of Planning and Zoning Department of Neighborhood 145 Gorman Street, 3rd Floor and Environmental Programs Annapolis, Maryland 21401 160 Duke of Gloucester Street (410) 263-7961 Annapolis, Maryland 21401 Fax (410) 263-1129 (410) 263-7946

For technical assistance, historic plaques, research, For technical publications, investment tax credits, or and other services (as a private, non-profit historic a copy of The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for preservation organization, Historic Annapolis may Rehabilitation, contact: charge a fee to cover the staff time required), contact: Maryland Department of Planning Historic Annapolis Foundation Maryland Historical Trust 18 Pinkney Street 100 Community Place, 3rd Floor Annapolis, Maryland 21401 Crownsville, Maryland 21032 (410) 267-7619 (410) 514-7600

View from State House Dome, about 1891. (Mame Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives, MSA SC 985-269) 88

Building in the Fourth Century

The Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission 145 Gorman Street, Third Floor Annapolis, Maryland 21401 410-263-7941 ● www.annapolis.gov/citizens/boards/hist_pres/historic

The Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Annapolis 160 Duke of Gloucester Street, Annapolis, Maryland 21401 410-263-1183 ● www.annapolis.gov