Historic District Design Manual Buildingin the Fourth Century Annapolis Historic District Design Manual
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THE NNAPOLIS A HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Fourth Building in the Century Fourth Century ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC DISTRICT DESIGN MANUAL BuildingIn The Fourth Century Annapolis Historic District Design Manual THE ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC PRESERVatION COMMISSION Updated and Expanded 2011 by Lisa M. Craig, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant Edited and Revised 2009 by Jon Arason, AICP, Director Patricia M. Blick, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant & Jean B. Russo, Ph.D. Edited and Revised 2007 by Donna C. Hole, Chief of Historic Preservation Mariah McGunigle, HPC Intern & Rosamond H. Rice, Recorder Prepared 1994 by Dale E. Frens. AIA, and J. Christopher Lang Frens and Frens, Restoration Architects, West Chester, PA © 2011 Annapolis Historic Preservation Commission Acknowledgments THE MAYOR AND ALDERMEN OF THE CITY OF ANNAPOLIS DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING AND ZONING Jon L. Arason, Director Lisa M. Craig, Chief of Historic Preservation Shari L. Pippen, Historic Preservation Assistant ANNAPOLIS HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION Sharon Kennedy, Chair Thomas Bunting, Vice Chairman Shelley Rentsch • Kim I. Finch • Bronte D. Jones, Ph.D. Timothy P. Leahy • Shelley Rentsch • Patricia L. Zeno DESIGN GUIDELINES COMMITTEE COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Patricia Blick Marion Warren Collection, Tom Bunting Maryland State Archives (top, center left, bottom right) Historic Annapolis Foundation (center) Dorothy Callahan Donna C. Hole (bottom left) Jeffery Halpern Donna C. Hole GRAPHIC DESIGN Sharon Kennedy Words & Pictures, Inc. 27 South River Road South Rosamond Rice Edgewater, MD 21037 William Schmickle PRINTER EDITORS Vision Lithographics 9601 Fallard Terrace Jean B. Russo, Ph.D. Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 This project was financed in part with Federal funds from All vendors, consultants and local officials involved with the National Park Service, Department of the Interior, made the project were notified that this project received Federal available through the Maryland Historical Trust, an entity funds from the National Park Service, and that regulations within the Department of Planning, State of Maryland, and of the U.S. Department of Interior strictly prohibit unlawful the City of Annapolis. This Certified Local Government discrimination in departmental Federally Assisted Programs matching grant was administered by the Annapolis on the basis of race, color, national origin, age and handicap. Department of Planning and Zoning for the Annapolis Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated Historic Preservation Commission. However, the contents against in any program, activity or facility operated by a and opinions of this report do not necessarily reflect the recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, views or policies of these agencies. The above-mentioned Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the grant was used to fund the research for this publication. Interior, National Park Service, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127. Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 Annapolis and Historic Preservation ............................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 History and Architecture of Annapolis .................................................................................... 11 Character-Defining Features and Styles in Annapolis ................................................. 16 CHAPTER 3 Designing for the Historic District ............................................................................................... 25 Design Guidelines ............................................................................................... 33 Sign Guidelines ................................................................................................... 56 Sidewalk Café Guidelines .................................................................................. 70 CHAPTER 4 The Review Process ................................................................................................................................. 73 APPENDIX A The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation ................................. 75 APPENDIX B Annapolis Architectural Glossary ............................................................................................... 76 APPENDIX C City of Annapolis Historic District Zoning Ordinance .............................................. 79 APPENDIX D Selected Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 86 INDEX .............................................................................................................................................................................. 87 Figure 1. View of Annapolis from Spa Creek. Photograph courtesy of Celia Pearson. 4 Chapter 1 Annapolis and Historic Preservation INTRODUCTION Declaration of Independence; the Continental Congress The architectural and historic significance of met here during 1783 and 1784; and in 1845 the U.S. Annapolis has been recognized both locally and Congress chose Annapolis as the location for the U.S. nationally. Based upon its “exceptional value or Naval Academy. quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage of the United States,” the Colonial Annapolis Historic District was designated one of forty-three National Historic Landmark Districts in 1965 by the U.S. Department of the Interior’s National Park Service. In recognition of the superior preservation of its significant eighteenth, nineteenth and early twentieth century structures, an enlarged historic district was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Annapolis is a remarkable urban environment. Laid out 300 years ago on a neck of land where the Severn River joins the Chesapeake Bay, the city evokes a sense of history and a sense of place, expressed in the character of its streets, the fit of its land to the water, and its pleasing human scale. Governor Francis Nicholson’s 1695 town plan for Annapolis is the oldest surviving Baroque plan in the United States. Annapolis presents a unique record of the pre-industrial colonial city in our country, and its collection of 18th, 19th and 20th century architecture is important to the entire nation. Annapolis was home to Maryland’s four signers of the Figure 2. Annapolis Historic District map. 5 Figure 3. William Paca House, 186 Prince George Street (1763- 1765). Left: View from northeast during demolition of Carvel Hall Hotel. Below: Restored garden and facade. (Marion Warren Collection, Maryland State Archives. Left: MSA 1890-2021-3; below: MSA SC 1890-3526 [detail].) HISTORIC DISTRICT PROTECTION IN ANNAPOLIS Community Activism Community efforts to preserve the historic environment of Annapolis extend back to the nineteenth century, although an effective local historic district zoning ordinance was not enacted until 1969. The impact of the protection afforded by historic district zoning and the efforts of the Historic Preservation Commission, Historic Annapolis Foundation, and an assortment of house museum associations, can be seen throughout the district. In 1952 Historic Annapolis, Inc. was founded as an advocate and agent for preservation in the city. Its charter was “to preserve the distinctive quality of Annapolis and Anne Arundel County derived from the buildings, structures, objects, and spaces that possess integrity of design, setting, materials and workmanship that contribute to the historic character of this locale.” Historic Annapolis’s accomplishments include research on the history of Annapolis and its buildings, and the pioneering of historic preservation easements. of the City’s Historic District Commission (now the Historic Annapolis, Inc. saved the William Paca House Historic Preservation Commission) to its preservation from demolition and in partnership with the State of mandate. Now, in the first decades of the twenty-first Maryland restored the Georgian house and private century, the Historic District’s challenge is to balance garden to their 1765 appearance. the conservation of its neighborhoods and architecture Annapolis citizens have worked steadily to protect with the needs of this century. The commercial success the heritage of their city. They have been at the forefront of the waterfront area has strengthened the case for of historic preservation efforts in both public policy preservation in Annapolis, but also threatens to overturn and private action, and have set an example recognized the balance of neighborhood conservation versus nationwide. The degree of preservation in Annapolis commercial development. today would not exist without the diligent attention 6 Legislation elements of the city’s cultural, social, The legal basis for the Annapolis Historic District economic, political, archeological, or regulations regarding archeological compliance, exterior architectural history; changes and height and bulk, is the State of Maryland •to strengthen the local economy; Enabling Act for Historic Area Zoning, Article 66B, • to stabilize and improve property values in Zoning and Planning, Section 8.01-8.17, Annotated and around such historic areas; Code of Maryland, as reflected in the Charter and Code of the City of Annapolis, Chapter 21.56, Historic •to foster civic beauty Preservation. (See Appendix C for full text). Article I • to preserve and promote the preservation of Chapter 21.56 states that the purpose for creating and appreciation of