Philosophical Genres and Literary Forms: a Mildly Polemical Introduction
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The Ontology and Literary Status of the Screenplay:The Case of »Scriptfic«
DOI 10.1515/jlt-2013-0006 JLT 2013; 7(1–2): 135–153 Ted Nannicelli The Ontology and Literary Status of the Screenplay:The Case of »Scriptfic« Abstract: Are screenplays – or at least some screenplays – works of literature? Until relatively recently, very few theorists had addressed this question. Thanks to recent work by scholars such as Ian W. Macdonald, Steven Maras, and Steven Price, theorizing the nature of the screenplay is back on the agenda after years of neglect (albeit with a few important exceptions) by film studies and literary studies (Macdonald 2004; Maras 2009; Price 2010). What has emerged from this work, however, is a general acceptance that the screenplay is ontologically peculiar and, as a result, a divergence of opinion about whether or not it is the kind of thing that can be literature. Specifically, recent discussion about the nature of the screenplay has tended to emphasize its putative lack of ontological autonomy from the film, its supposed inherent incompleteness, or both (Carroll 2008, 68–69; Maras 2009, 48; Price 2010, 38–42). Moreover, these sorts of claims about the screenplay’s ontology – its essential nature – are often hitched to broader arguments. According to one such argument, a screenplay’s supposed ontological tie to the production of a film is said to vitiate the possibility of it being a work of literature in its own right (Carroll 2008, 68–69; Maras 2009, 48). According to another, the screenplay’s tenuous literary status is putatively explained by the idea that it is perpetually unfinished, akin to a Barthesian »writerly text« (Price 2010, 41). -
Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling in Film and Television
BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION A THESIS Presented to the University Honors Program California State University, Long Beach In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the University Honors Program Certificate Joshua Seemann Spring 2017 I, THE UNDERSIGNED MEMBER OF THE COMMITTEE, HAVE APPROVED THIS THESIS BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING IN FILM AND TELEVISION BY Joshua Seemann ______________________________________________________________ Adam Moore, MFA Film and Electronic Arts California State University, Long Beach Spring 2017 Running Head: BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Abstract Screenwriters strive to create narratives that are emotionally compelling and engaging to audiences. This research explores the technique of nonlinear storytelling, focusing on what makes a film nonlinear, as well as discussing what benefits nonlinear storytelling provides to the screenwriting process. Through the analysis of three films and one television show that utilize aspects of nonlinear story structure, this study argues that linearity should be thought of as a spectrum rather than something that is categorical. In addition, this work argues that nonlinear story structure makes it easier for films to cover larger spans of time, allows screenwriters to achieve effects that would be impossible in fully linear stories, and helps writers enhance the audience’s emotional connection to scenes through implicit storytelling. This research suggests that by taking advantage of these benefits, screenwriters can create films that lend audiences an emotionally powerful viewing experience. 1 BENEFITS OF NONLINEAR STORYTELLING Benefits of Nonlinear Storytelling In Film and Television Nonlinear storytelling is a narrative technique in which the events of a story are told out of chronological order. Better understanding nonlinear story structure will help screenwriters create scripts that are more emotionally compelling than traditional linear films. -
AS and a Level English Literature
AS and A Level English Literature Literary terms: A guide for students Literary terms: A guide for students Literary terms: A guide for students Contents Introduction .............................................................................................. 2 Frequently misused words ........................................................................... 3 General terms: .......................................................................................... 4 Poetry ...................................................................................................... 8 Genres ................................................................................................... 8 Analytic vocabulary ............................................................................... 10 Drama .................................................................................................... 11 Genres ................................................................................................. 11 Analytic Terms ...................................................................................... 12 Prose ...................................................................................................... 13 Genres ................................................................................................. 13 Analytic Terms ...................................................................................... 14 1 Literary terms: A guide for students Introduction The terminology below may be used support your reading and response -
THE ROLE of TIME in NON-LINEAR FICTION NARRATIVES by Tatevik Kyurkchyan Presented to the Department of English & Communicati
THE ROLE OF TIME IN NON-LINEAR FICTION NARRATIVES by Tatevik Kyurkchyan Presented to the Department of English & Communications in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts American University of Armenia Yerevan, Armenia 20/05/19 1 Table of Contents Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………3 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………….…….4 Literature Review……………………………………………………………...……….…… 5 Research Questions and Methodology ….………………………………………………….12 The Seed and the Soil linear version……..…………………………………………………13 The Seed and the Soil non-linear version…………………………………………………. 30 Research Findings and Analysis …………………………………..………………….…… 48 Limitations and Avenues for Future Research………………………….…………..…….. 56 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………..…… 58 2 Abstract This paper analyzes the structure of non-linear narratives in fiction literature in comparison with linear variants. It considers the concept of time and how it is represented and altered through writing in fiction literature. Additionally, the role of time and non-linearity is discussed from the perspective of the emotional effects it induces rather than linear, chronological narratives. With the use of qualitative research, international literature, and an original creative writing segment, this theory is analyzed. 3 Introduction Stories, in their most basic interpretation, are created by isolating a sequence of events and presenting them to an audience. How a story is written noticeably impacts the way it will be received by readers since it considers characters, setting, tone, time, and several other aspects to make it whole. While every detail allows a story to raise various interpretations or perceptions, the importance of time is often overlooked compared to other aforementioned qualities which are deemed more important. From this perspective, time is mostly considered a means through which the story is told, but rather, this paper will analyze how the disruption of time in a story is capable of altering how the story is perceived and emphasizing certain aspects. -
The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play, and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences 8-2012 The idea of mimesis: Semblance, play, and critique in the works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno Joseph Weiss DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd Recommended Citation Weiss, Joseph, "The idea of mimesis: Semblance, play, and critique in the works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno" (2012). College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations. 125. https://via.library.depaul.edu/etd/125 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play, and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy October, 2011 By Joseph Weiss Department of Philosophy College of Liberal Arts and Sciences DePaul University Chicago, Illinois 2 ABSTRACT Joseph Weiss Title: The Idea of Mimesis: Semblance, Play and Critique in the Works of Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno Critical Theory demands that its forms of critique express resistance to the socially necessary illusions of a given historical period. Yet theorists have seldom discussed just how much it is the case that, for Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. -
Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium
Women's Experimental Autobiography from Counterculture Comics to Transmedia Storytelling: Staging Encounters Across Time, Space, and Medium Dissertation Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Ohio State University Alexandra Mary Jenkins, M.A. Graduate Program in English The Ohio State University 2014 Dissertation Committee: Jared Gardner, Advisor Sean O’Sullivan Robyn Warhol Copyright by Alexandra Mary Jenkins 2014 Abstract Feminist activism in the United States and Europe during the 1960s and 1970s harnessed radical social thought and used innovative expressive forms in order to disrupt the “grand perspective” espoused by men in every field (Adorno 206). Feminist student activists often put their own female bodies on display to disrupt the disembodied “objective” thinking that still seemed to dominate the academy. The philosopher Theodor Adorno responded to one such action, the “bared breasts incident,” carried out by his radical students in Germany in 1969, in an essay, “Marginalia to Theory and Praxis.” In that essay, he defends himself against the students’ claim that he proved his lack of relevance to contemporary students when he failed to respond to the spectacle of their liberated bodies. He acknowledged that the protest movements seemed to offer thoughtful people a way “out of their self-isolation,” but ultimately, to replace philosophy with bodily spectacle would mean to miss the “infinitely progressive aspect of the separation of theory and praxis” (259, 266). Lisa Yun Lee argues that this separation continues to animate contemporary feminist debates, and that it is worth returning to Adorno’s reasoning, if we wish to understand women’s particular modes of theoretical ii insight in conversation with “grand perspectives” on cultural theory in the twenty-first century. -
Philosophical Fiction? on J. M. Coetzee's Elizabeth Costello
Philosophical Fiction? On J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello Robert Pippin University of Chicago i he modern fate of the ideal of the beautiful is deeply intertwined with the beginnings of European aesthetic modernism. More specifically, from the point of view of modernism, commitment to the ideal of the beautiful is often understood to be both Tirrelevant and regressive. This claim obviously requires a gloss on “modernity” and “modern- ism.” Here is a conventional view. European modernism in the arts can be considered a reaction to the form of life coming into view in the mid-nineteenth century as the realization of early Enlightenment ideals: that is, the supreme cognitive authority of modern natural science, a new market economy based on the accumulation of private capital, rapid urbanization and industri- alization, ostensibly democratic institutions still largely controlled by elites, the privatization of religion and so the secularization of the public sphere. The modernist moment arose from some sense that this form of life was so unprecedented in human history that art’s very purpose or rationale, its mode of address to an audience, had to be fundamentally rethought. Nothing about the purpose or value of art, as it had been understood, could be taken for granted any longer, and the issue was: what kind of art, committed to what ideal, could be credible in such a world (if any)? A response to such a development was taken by some to require a novelty, experimentation and formal radicality so extreme as to seem unintelligible to its “first responders.” Modernism was to be an anti-Romanticism, rejecting lyrical expression of the inner in favor of impersonal- ity, or of multiple, fractured authorial personae, attempting an ironic distancing, experimental 2 republics of letters innovation, and, in so-called high modernism, assuming an elite position, sometimes with mul- tiple, obscure allusions, defiantly resistant to commercialization or a public role. -
Epsitemology, Literary Genre and Knowledge Organisation Systems
Epistemology, literary genre and knowledge organisation systems PAULINE RAFFERTY Aberystwyth University Llanbadarn Fawr, Ceredigion, Wales [email protected] Abstract This theoretical paper considers genre as the epistemological foundation for fiction retrieval systems, in particular the relationship between the individual work and generic systems. It explores the characteristics of literary genres, and how they are determined, and examines ontological and historical aspects of genre. It considers the relationship between historically contingent generic transformations and literary genre as categorising principle. Finally, it offers some suggestions for future design of fiction KOS. Keywords: Fiction, Genres, Knowledge organisation systems, Tagging. 20 Años del Capítulo Español de ISKO. Actas del X Congreso ISKO Capítulo Español (Ferrol, 2011) Universidade da Coruña (España), 2012. ISBN: 978-84-9749-535-6 Pp. 553-565 EPISTEMOLOGY, LITERARY GENRE AND KNOWLEDGE ORGANISATION SYSTEMS 555 1. Preface Traditionally, where knowledge organisation systems (KOS) have dealt with fictional works, the approach has generally been through genre (see Beghtol, 1989, 1990, for an overview of fiction classification schemes). The notion of genre as categorisation principle comes to library science, relatively unexamined, from literary theory. It underpins many of the assumptions that fiction KOS has about fictional texts, even when the focus of the fiction retrieval system is predominantly based on user-warrant (e.g. The Book House, Pejtersen, 199, 59). Raymond Williams wrote “the recognition of the relation of a collective mode and an individual object …is a recognition of related practices. That is to say, the irreducibly individual projects that particular works are, may come in experience and in analysis to show resemblances which allow us to group them into collective modes” (Williams, 2001, 179). -
Glossary of Literary Terms
Glossary of Critical Terms for Prose Adapted from “LitWeb,” The Norton Introduction to Literature Study Space http://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/litweb10/glossary/C.aspx Action Any event or series of events depicted in a literary work; an event may be verbal as well as physical, so that speaking or telling a story within the story may be an event. Allusion A brief, often implicit and indirect reference within a literary text to something outside the text, whether another text (e.g. the Bible, a myth, another literary work, a painting, or a piece of music) or any imaginary or historical person, place, or thing. Ambiguity When we are involved in interpretation—figuring out what different elements in a story “mean”—we are responding to a work’s ambiguity. This means that the work is open to several simultaneous interpretations. Language, especially when manipulated artistically, can communicate more than one meaning, encouraging our interpretations. Antagonist A character or a nonhuman force that opposes, or is in conflict with, the protagonist. Anticlimax An event or series of events usually at the end of a narrative that contrast with the tension building up before. Antihero A protagonist who is in one way or another the very opposite of a traditional hero. Instead of being courageous and determined, for instance, an antihero might be timid, hypersensitive, and indecisive to the point of paralysis. Antiheroes are especially common in modern literary works. Archetype A character, ritual, symbol, or plot pattern that recurs in the myth and literature of many cultures; examples include the scapegoat or trickster (character type), the rite of passage (ritual), and the quest or descent into the underworld (plot pattern). -
THE TRENDS of STREAM of CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE in WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL the SOUND and the FURY'' Chitra Yashwant Ga
AMIERJ Volume–VII, Issues– VII ISSN–2278-5655 Oct - Nov 2018 THE TRENDS OF STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE IN WILLIAM FAULKNER S NOVEL THE SOUND AND THE FURY’’ Chitra Yashwant Gaidhani Assistant Professor in English, G. E. Society RNC Arts, JDB Commerce and NSC Science College, Nashik Road, Tal. & Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra, India. Abstract: The term "Stream-of-Consciousness" signifies to a technique of narration. Prior to the twentieth century. In this technique an author would simply tell the reader what one of the characters was thinking? Stream-of-consciousness is a technique whereby the author writes as though inside the minds of the characters. Since the ordinary person's mind jumps from one event to another, stream-of- consciousness tries to capture this phenomenon in William Faulkner’s novel The Sound and Fury. This style of narration is also associate with the Modern novelist and story writers of the 20th century. The Sound and the Fury is a broadly significant work of literature. William Faulkner use of this technique Sound and Fury is probably the most successful and outstanding use that we have had. Faulkner has been admired for his ability to recreate the thought process of the human mind. In addition, it is viewed as crucial development in the stream-of-consciousness literary technique. According encyclopedia, in 1998, the Modern Library ranked The Sound and the Fury sixth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. The present research focuses on stream of consciousness technique used by William Faulkner’s novel “The Sound and Fury”. -
New Orlearis Review
New Orlearis Review LOYOLA UNIVERSITY VOLUME 11 NUMBER 21$7.00 New Orleans Review Summer 1984 Editors John Biguenet, Art and Literature Bruce Henricksen, Theory and Criticism John Mosier, Film, General Editor Managing Editor Sarah Elizabeth Spain Design Vilma Pesciallo Contributing Editor Raymond McGowan Founding Editor Miller Williams Advisory Editors Richard Berg Doris Betts Joseph Fichter, S.J. Dawson Gaillard Alexis Gonzales, F.S.C. John Irwin Murray Krieger Wesley Morris Walker Percy Herman Rapaport Robert Scholes Marcus Smith Miller Williams The New Orleans Review is published by Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, United States. Copyright © 1984 by Loyola University. Critical essays relating to film or literature of up to ten thou sand words should be prepared to conform with the new MLA guidelines and sent to the appropriate editor, together with a stamped, self-addressed envelope. The address is New Or leans Review, Box 195, Loyola University, New Orleans, Lou isiana 70118. Fiction, poetry, photography or related artwork should be sent to the Art and Literature Editor. A stamped, self-addressed envelope should be enclosed. Reasonable care is taken in the handling of material, but no responsibility is assumed for the loss of unsolicited material. Accepted manuscripts are the property of the NOR. The New Orleans Review is published in February, May, Au gust and November. Annual Subscription Rate: Institutions $30.00, Individuals $25.00, Foreign Subscribers $35.00. Con tents listed in the PMLA Bibliography and the Index of American Periodical Verse. US ISSN 0028-6400. r CONTENTS POETRY AND FICTION Babies Are Cruel People fan Newman 31 The Reception Richard Easton 23 I J I I The Baker F. -
ELEMENTS of FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms That Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction
Dr. Hallett ELEMENTS OF FICTION – NARRATOR / NARRATIVE VOICE Fundamental Literary Terms that Indentify Components of Narratives “Fiction” is defined as any imaginative re-creation of life in prose narrative form. All fiction is a falsehood of sorts because it relates events that never actually happened to people (characters) who never existed, at least not in the manner portrayed in the stories. However, fiction writers aim at creating “legitimate untruths,” since they seek to demonstrate meaningful insights into the human condition. Therefore, fiction is “untrue” in the absolute sense, but true in the universal sense. Critical Thinking – analysis of any work of literature – requires a thorough investigation of the “who, where, when, what, why, etc.” of the work. Narrator / Narrative Voice Guiding Question: Who is telling the story? …What is the … Narrative Point of View is the perspective from which the events in the story are observed and recounted. To determine the point of view, identify who is telling the story, that is, the viewer through whose eyes the readers see the action (the narrator). Consider these aspects: A. Pronoun p-o-v: First (I, We)/Second (You)/Third Person narrator (He, She, It, They] B. Narrator’s degree of Omniscience [Full, Limited, Partial, None]* C. Narrator’s degree of Objectivity [Complete, None, Some (Editorial?), Ironic]* D. Narrator’s “Un/Reliability” * The Third Person (therefore, apparently Objective) Totally Omniscient (fly-on-the-wall) Narrator is the classic narrative point of view through which a disembodied narrative voice (not that of a participant in the events) knows everything (omniscient) recounts the events, introduces the characters, reports dialogue and thoughts, and all details.