A Review of Subtribe Cymindidina Laporte, 1834 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) in Southwestern Saudi Arabia, with Descriptions of Two New Species

Zootaxa 4236 (1): 157–171 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) http://www.mapress.com/j/zt/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4236.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:26A191C8-6F05-4847-B1B7-0A526C127EEA A review of subtribe Cymindidina Laporte, 1834 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini) in Southwestern Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species

IFTEKHAR RASOOL1, RON F.F.L. FELIX2, MAHMOUD S. ABDEL-DAYEM1,3 & HATHAL M. ALDHAFER1 1King Saud University Museum of Arthropods (KSMA), Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 3Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt. Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The carabid subtribe Cymindidina Laporte, 1834 is reviewed for the southwestern Saudi Arabia. Five species belonging to two genera (Afrotarus Jeannel, 1949 and Cymindis Latreille, 1806) are studied, including two species described as new: A. fadli sp. n. from Baha Province and A. soudaensis sp. n. from Asir Province. A key to genera and species of Saudi Arabia is given.

Key words: Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini, Cymindidina, Afrotarus, Cymindis, new species, Saudi Arabia

Introduction

The Lebiini is a specious carabid tribe with about 891 described species in 86 genera and 17 subtribes known from the Palaearctic region (Kabak 2003), but only 62 species have been recorded from the entire Arabian Peninsula, 43 of these species occur in Saudi Arabia (Mateu 1979, 1986, 1990; Kabak 2003; Felix 2009, 2014; Felix et al., 2012). The subtribe Cymindidina Laporte, 1834 contains about 315 species (Lorenz 2005) with Cymindis Latreille, 1806 as the largest genus with more than 220 taxa. The species of this subtribe are distributed in Afrotropical, Nearctic, Neotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (Bousquet 2012). They are currently classified in eleven genera of which only Afrotarus Jeannel, 1949 and Cymindis Latreille, 1806 have been recorded from Saudi Arabia (Basilewsky 1979; Mateu 1986). Members of the subtribe Cymindidina can be recognized by base of pronotum weakly incised or straight; in some genera ultimate segment of labial palpi in males dilated; fourth tarsal segment not incised; claws sparsely dentate except for some species of subgenus Iscariotes Reiche & Saulcy 1855. The present paper is aimed to provide description of two new species and a key to genera and species that occurr in Saudi Arabia. It also includes illustrations of habitus and main diagnostic characters of the species.

Material and method

This work is based on fresh adult beetles collected from different localities of southwestern Saudi Arabia (Asir, Baha and Jizan provinces) and deposited materials in the following collections, identified in the text by the following associated acronyms:

BMNH British Museum of Natural History, London, UK. KSMA King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MNHN Musée national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. MRCA Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium. NHMB Natural History Museum Basel, Switzerland. RMNH Naturalis Biodiversity Centre (formerly Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie), Leiden, Netherlands.

Accepted by J. Serrano: 14 Dec. 2016; published: 22 Feb. 2017 157 Dissection. The male beetles are dissected using standard techniques. For old specimens, adults were boiled in water for 2–3 minutes for dissection. Genitalia were boiled in 70% KOH after dissection and cleared in Clove oil for 24 hours. After examination, genitalia were preserved in transparent micro–tubes filled with 70% ethanol and pinned beneath the specimens. Illustrations. Photographs of habitus, male genitalia and other diagnostic features were taken using Q– imaging Micro Publisher 5.0 RTV mounted on a LEICA MZ125 trinocular stereomicroscope and stacked images were combined using Zerene Stacker 1.04 (Innovative Solutions, Bucharest, Romania). FEI Inspect S50 model (at Soil Science Department, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Saud University) was used to produce scanning electron microscope (SEM) photos. Measurements. The following parameters were measured using an ocular micrometer in a stereo-binocular microscope:

Total body length (TBL): measured from apex of labrum up to the end of abdomen along the mid-line of head, pronotum, and suture of elytra. Length of head (HL): linear distance from apex of labrum to anterior margin of pronotum. Width of head (HW): maximum distance across head including eyes. Length of pronotum (PL): linear distance along mid-line from anterior to posterior margin. Width of pronotum (PW): greatest transverse distance. Length of elytra (EL): linear distance from base of scutellum up to apex of elytra along suture. Width of elytra (WE): greatest linear transverse distance across elytra. Length of aedeagus (AL): measured from base to apex.

Data from locality labels are cited verbatim for the type specimens of the newly described species, with label breaks indicated by a slash (“/”). Classification of Taglianti et al. (1999) was followed with some modifications for chorotype identification of each species. The synonyms were cited mainly from Kabak (2003) in the Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, and Bousquet (2012). Terms used to designate details of structural characters of species are found in Lindroth (1974), Ball & Hilchie (1983) and Basilewsky (1962, 1968, 1979).

Key to genera and species of subtribe Cymindidina of the Saudi Arabia

1. Last labial palpomeres in males not strongly dilated and truncate at apex (Fig. 3). Head with two nearly straight ridges near eyes (near clypeus there can be some shallow wrinkles) (Fig. 1) ...... Afrotarus ...2 - Last labial palpomeres in males strongly dilated and strongly truncate at apex (Fig. 4). Head with two or more rather irregular ridges near eyes, branched (also here some wrinkles near clypeus) (Fig. 2)...... Cymindis and Arrhostus... 4 2. Setae at hind angles of pronotum present; sides of pronotum slightly sinuate, hind angles small but distinct (Fig. 11); aedeagus not distinctly hooked at apex (Fig. 17) ...... A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) - Setae at hind angles of pronotum absent; sides of pronotum barely sinuate, hind angles broadly rounded (Figs. 5, 6, 9, 10); aedeagus hooked at apex (Figs. 15, 16)...... 3 3. Pronotum not transverse (Fig. 5); elytra with dense pubescence, the latter denser and long laterally (Fig. 7). . . A. fadli sp. n. - Pronotum slightly transverse (Fig. 6); elytra with scattered and rather short pubescence laterally (Fig. 8)...... A. soudaensis sp. n. 4. Pronotum (Fig. 13) almost completely rounded laterally and basally, except for the tiny posterior angles, marginal gutter of pronotum very wide; eyes rather flat; temples long; elytral dark markings along the suture tridental, covering intervals I–IV (or only half of IV); elytral base with scutellar spot of four intervals wide, sometimes scutellar spot and the outer stripes are connected, surrounding a light area, interval VII in apical half dark, this stripe longly narrowed and pointed, backwards almost reaching to the end of the dark part near the suture; male genitalia in lateral view gently curved, apical third strongly narrowed (horn like tip) (Fig. 18) ...... Cymindis (s. str.) laevistriata Lucas, 1846 - Pronotum much less rounded, more straightly narrowed towards base (Figs. 12, 14), marginal gutter of pronotum narrower; eyes much more protruding; elytral dark markings either strongly reduced or much more extended (Figs. 24, 25) ...... 5 5. Pronotum wider than head, its sides straight before hind angles (Fig. 14), marginal gutter of pronotum wider; eyes less protruding (Fig. 14); elytral dark markings along suture absent or, at most, covering intervals I–II and then barely tridental; marking on interval VII very narrow or absent, scutellar spot absent (Fig. 25)...... Cymindis (s. str.) suturalis Dejean, 1825 - Pronotum as wide as head or narrower, sides sinuate before hind angles (Fig. 12), marginal gutter of pronotum very narrow; eyes much more protruding; elytral dark markings strongly extended, on intervals I–VII, marking on interval VII toward apex wide, also the dent on intervals III–IV towards base very short and blunt (Fig. 24), scutellar area with dark marking of four intervals wide ...... Cymindis (Arrhostus) andreae Ménétriés, 1832

Afrotarus Jeannel, 1949

Afrotarus is a polytypic genus of Cymindidina, comprising six described species distributed in East Africa, Arabia and Israel (Bousquet 2012). Ball and Hichlie (1983) treated Afrotarus as a subgenus of Cymindis, but later on in Bousquet (2012) Afrotarus is a separate genus. Afrotarus species are very similar to some members of genus Cymindis but can be differentiated from the South Arabian species of the latter by two supraorbital ridges not branched and last labial palpomeres weakly dilated at apex. From the Arabian Peninsula only Afrotarus scotti is known, which was described from Yemen by Basilewsky (1948) and then reported from Saudi Arabia (Mateu 1986). Although the holotype of A. scotti was not found, a paratype specimen from MRCA was examined and compared with Saudi materials preserved in the BMNH, which was identified by Mateu and recently collected during this work. Based on this, the Saudi specimens apparently similar to A. scotti paratype, are designated here as A. soudaensis sp. n. and A. fadli sp. n.

Afrotarus fadli Rasool, Felix & Abdel-Dayem sp. n.

Type material. Total 12 specimens: HOLOTYPE, 1 ♂ in KSMA, point-mounted, labeled: “KSA, Baha, Biljurashi, Al Qumma, N19°48.042' E41°41.978' Alt. 1963 m, 9.XII.2014, (HP), H.H. Fadl, M.S. Abdel-Dayem, A. Elgarbawy & I. Rasool” / “Holotype Afrotarus fadli sp. n.; det. I. Rasool, R.F.F.L. Felix, & M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2015” [red label]. Paratypes: Total 11 specimens, sex and label data as follows. 1 ♂ 7 ♀, same as holotype”. 1 ♀, same as holotype except “Biljurashi, Bani Kabir, N19°56.671' E41°32.145' Alt. 2164 m 14.IV.2016, I. Rasool”. All paratypes with second label reading “Paratype Afrotarus fadli sp. n.; det. I. Rasool, R.F.F.L. Felix, M.S. Abdel- Dayem, 2015” [yellow label] [KSMA]. 1 ♂ same as holotype except “2.I.2012, (HP), M. El Hawagry” [RMNH]. Specific epithet. The specific epithet is a Latinized noun in the genitive case in the masculine form based on honorific name Prof. Hassan H. Fadl (one of the collector’s name). Recognition. This new species can be distinguished from those of other species of the genus by the combination of characters like, head and pronotum rufo–testaceous, finely and sparsely punctate; pronotum not transverse but about as long as wide, lateral margin with one pair of setae before anterior angles, hind angles widely rounded not protruded; elytra with fine yellow pubescence; aedeagus hooked apically. Description. Habitus. body forms (Figs. 20, 21), elongate subovoid species, TBL male 8.5–8.9 mm, female 9–10 mm. Colour. head, mouthparts, antennae, pronotum and ventrum rufo–testaceous except mandibles which are darkened apically; margins of frons and clypeus black; elytra pale testaceous, with brunneous spot along the suture turning up from the apex up to the middle of elytra leaving one or two lateral intervals, sometimes bands joined with suture at post middle leaving pale testaceous spot near apex and suture; legs pale testaceous. Microsculpture. head, elytra and ventrum smooth; labrum with mesh pattern isodiametric; short transverse microlines effaced on disc of pronotum along median longitudinal impression. Luster. body shiny. Head. elongate (Fig. 9), HL 1.75–1.95 mm, HW 1.55–1.75 mm; finely punctate along with micropuncture; two pairs of supraorbital setae present; neck constricted; temples long with irregular pubescence; eyes small and less prominent; two ridges near eyes reaching to clypeo-ocular surface; clypeus and labrum transverse, almost equal in size, surface of clypeus with few fine scattered punctures and a pair of lateral setae; anterior margin of labrum slightly concave, with row of hairs and median tooth of mentum broad and rounded at apex; antenna extending beyond base of pronotum by almost 3 antennomeres, antennomeres I, IV and XI equal in length, II shorter than others, III longer than others, V–X subequal but each one is shorter than I, IV and XI; pubescence of antennae starts from distal half of antennomere III. Pronotum. as long as wide (Fig. 9), PL 1.62–1.85 mm, PW 1.62–1.85 mm; pronotal disc finely and sparsely punctate, median longitudinal impression clear and not deep; one pair of lateral setae before anterior angles, anterior margin slightly concave with rounded angles; lateral margins of pronotum constricted posteriorly but not sinuate, posterior angles not protruded, without setae, base of pronotum straight.

CYMINDIDINA FROM SAUDI ARAB (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 159 FIGURES 1–4. Head ridges and labial palp of Cymindis and Afrotarus: 1, 3 A. fadli sp. n. 2, 4 C. suturalis Dejean, 1825.

Elytra. elongate subovoid. EL 4.75–5.35 mm, EW 2.9–3.5 mm, widened posteriorly; disc of elytra densely pubescent, intervals strongly punctate, striae clear and deep; 18–19 setiferous pores situated on the interspace attached to striae VIII; humeri and lateral apical margin of elytra rounded, apex of elytra obliquely truncate, lateral margin elevated; epipleurae reaching up to apex, narrowed posteriorly. Legs. elongate and slender; mesotibiae with row of spines on outer margin; tarsomere I in fore legs shorter than last, in mid legs equal, in hind legs longer; tarsomeres I–III of fore legs dilated in male; claws 3–4 denticulate at the middle. Abdomen. six visible abdominal ventrites, very finely punctate, laterally pubescent; lateral margins of apical two ventrites with lateral setae; apical margin of last ventrite almost rounded in both sexes; surface of last abdominal segment with dense pubescence; 4 setiferous punctures at apical margin of ventrites, two medially and two laterally. Aedeagus. shape of aedeagus (Fig. 15). In lateral view male genitalia gently curved, hooked apically; both ends narrowed, base thicker than apex; broadened in the middle; apical plat sharply narrowed. Affinity. This new species seems to be most closely related to Afrotarus scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) based on body size and general appearance; but can be differentiated by combination of characters: head elongate, eyes small and slightly prominent, temples elongate, antennae surpassing base of pronotum by 3 antennomeres, mentum with median tooth broadly rounded apically; pronotum as long as wide, hind angles of pronotum not protruding, setae at hind pronotal angles absent, pronotal disc finely punctate; aedeagus hooked.

160 · Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press RASOOL ET AL. Geographical distribution. Known only from the type locality: National Park of Al Qumma, Biljurashi, Al Baha Provence, southwestern of Saudi Arabia (Fig. 29) Ecological note. Apterous species that was collected from 1963 m elevation in mixed Juniper and Acacia woodland by hand (Fig. 28). All specimens were found under stones in moist and humid places. One beetle was also collected under the bark of tree. Adults seem to be crepuscular or nocturnal. The specimens were collected during December and January.

FIGURES 5–8. Pronotum and elytra of Afrotarus: 5, 7 A. fadli sp. n. 6, 8 A. soudaensis sp. n.

Afrotarus soudaensis Rasool, Felix & Abdel-Dayem sp. n.

Type material. Total 25 specimens: HOLOTYPE, 1 ♂ in KSMA, point-mounted, labeled: “KSA, Al Souda, W. Gouz, N18°14.048' E42°25.036' Alt. 2591 m, 14.XI.2012, (HP), M.S. Abdel-Dayem” / “Holotype Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n.; det. I. Rasool, R.F.F.L. Felix, & M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2015” [red label]. Paratypes: Total 23 specimens, sex and label data as follows. 3 ♂ 4 ♀, same as holotype”. 1 ♂ “KSA, Abha, Rayda, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m, 4.XI.2013, (HP), M.S. Abdel-Dayem & I. Rasool”. 2 ♂ 1 ♀ “KSA, Abha, Rayda, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m, 22.II.2014, (HP), I. Rasool”. 2 ♀ “KSA, Abha, Rayda, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m, 26.IV.2014, (HP), I. Rasool”. 1 ♂ “KSA, Abha, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m,

CYMINDIDINA FROM SAUDI ARAB (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 161 16.IV.2014, (HP), M.S. Abdel-Dayem”. 2 ♀ “KSA, Abha, Rayda, N18°12.315' E42°24.607' Alt. 2761 m, 11.XII.2014, (PT), M.S. Abdel-Dayem”. All paratypes with second label reading “Paratype Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n.; det. I. Rasool, R.F.F.L. Felix, & M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2015” [yellow label] [KSMA]. 1 ♀ “Arabia”/ “18.VII.1981, An-Nimas” / “Afrotarus scotti Basilewsky, J. Mateu, det. 1983” [BNHM]. 1 ♂ 2 ♀, same as holotype”. 1 ♀ “KSA, Abha, Rayda, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m, 21.II.2014, (HP), 1 ♂ 2 ♀, N18°11.838' E42°24.469' Alt. 2409 m, 22.II.2014, (HP), I. Rasool” / “Paratype Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n.; det. I. Rasool, R.F.F.L. Felix, & M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2015” [yellow label] [RMNH]. Specific epithet. The specific epithet is a Latinized adjective form based on Al Souda area from which the holotype of this new species was collected. Recognition. This species can be distinguished from other members of the genus by the combination of fusco– brunneous body, finely and sparsely punctate; pronotum slightly wider than long, lateral margins with one pair of setae before anterior angles, hind angles not protruded; intervals of elytra finely pubescent laterally; aedeagus hooked apically, smoothly curved to apex. Description. Habitus. body elongate subovoid (Fig. 22), TBL male 6.8–8.0 mm, female 8.0–9.0 mm. Colour. great variation in colour, from testaceous to fusco-brunneous; border of frons and clypeus dark, elytra with testaceous humeral macula and sometimes testaceous macula at apex near suture, in some specimens humeral macula starts from intervals IV up to lateral margin and extend posteriorly to one fourth of elytra, in others humeral macula extends from suture to lateral margin, in some individuals one testaceous macula on apex of elytra not reaching suture or apical margin. Microsculpture. head, elytra and ventrum smooth; labrum with mesh pattern isodiametric; short transverse microlines effaced on disc of pronotum along median longitudinal impression. Luster. Body shiny. Head. slightly elongate (Fig. 10), HL 1.55–2 mm and HW 1.25–1.62 mm, as long as width of pronotum; finely and sparsely punctuated; eyes small and slightly prominent; temples long with irregular pubescence; neck constricted; two pairs of supraorbital setae present, two ridges near eyes covering the clypo-ocular surface; clypeus and labrum transverse, clypeus with few fine hardly visible punctures on the surface and one pair of lateral setae; anterior margin of labrum slightly concave, with series of five setae; median tooth of mentum broad and pointed at apex; antennae surpassing pronotal base by 3 antennomeres, antennomere II shorter than others, III longer than the rest, I, IV and XI equal, V–X subequal and shorter than I, IV and XI, pubescence starts from antennomere III. Pronotum. slightly wider than long (Fig. 10), PW 1.42–1.95 mm, PL 1.25–1.75 mm; surface finely punctate, along with micropuncture; lateral margins of pronotum constricted posteriorly but not sinuate; median longitudinal impression clear and not deep; anterior margin concave with rounded angles; one pair of setae at anterior half of lateral margins before anterior angles; base of pronotum almost straight, medially raised; hind angles slightly obtuse, not protruded. Elytra. elongate subovoid. EL 3.7–5.3 mm and EW 2.5–3.7 mm; widest behind mid-length, rounded at humeri and apical edges, obliquely truncate at apex; striae deep and clear, intervals with dense but fine punctuation. Legs. mesotibia with row of sharp spines on its outer surface starting just before middle; tarsomere I in fore leg shorter than tarsomere V, equal in mid leg, longer in hind leg; tarsomeres I–III in fore leg of male dilated; claws with 3 teeth in the middle. Abdomen. five visible abdominal ventrites, very finely punctate, laterally pubescent; apical margin of last ventrite almost rounded in both sexes; surface of last abdominal segment densely punctate and pubescent; 4 setiferous punctures at apical margin of ventrites, two medially and two laterally. Aedeagus. shape of aedeagus (Fig. 16), in lateral view male genitalia gently curved; apically hooked; apical portion more narrow than base and smoothly narrowed. Genitalia widened at the middle. Affinity. This species is closely related to the previous species Afrotarus fadli sp. n. and A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948). From the former species it can be distinguished by darker colour; pronotum slightly wider than long; mentum with median tooth pointed; elytra laterally with short pubescence; aedeagus not abruptly narrowed apically. However, it differentiates from A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) by hind angles of pronotum not protruded and without setae; aedeagus hooked. Geographical distribution. This species is known only from W. Gouz and Rayda Nature Reserve in Asir mountains, southwest of Saudi Arabia (Fig. 29). Ecological note. Apterous species that was collected from 2363–2820 m. These beetles inhabit the Juniper

162 · Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press RASOOL ET AL. forest in Rayda Nature Reserve. All the specimens were collected by hand under stones on substrate covered with fallen leaves and vegetation debris. In Rayda Nature Reserve, most of the specimens were collected near waterfall from moist and humid places (Fig. 26, 27).

FIGURES 9–14. Head and pronotum of Afrotarus and Cymindis: 9 A. fadli sp. n. 10 A. soudaensis sp. n. 11 A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) 12 C. andreae Menetries, 1832 13 C. laevistriata Lucas, 1846 14 C. suturalis Dejean, 1825 (Figures 13 and 14 taken by Jan Muilwijk in RMNH).

Afrotarus scotti (Basilewsky, 1948)

Cymindis scotti Basilewsky, 1948: 128

Type locality. Yemen Type depository. BMNH

CYMINDIDINA FROM SAUDI ARAB (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 163 Type material. 1 ♂ labelled “[Orange label] Paratype” / “[White label] R. M. Exp. to S.W. Arabia. II Scott and E.B. Britton. B.M. 1938-246” / “[White label yellow underlined] YEMEN Jebel Sumara, ca. 9,200 ft. 2.i.1938” / “[White label handwritten] Afrotarus scotti Basilw, P. Basilewsky det., 1956” / “[White label handwritten] Cymindis (Eremocymindis) scotti Basil. det. Emetz 1977” / “[White label] COLL. MUS. CONGO Col P. Basilewsky” [MRCA]. Recognition. Medium sized beetles (Fig. 23) with TBL 8 mm. Color: head and pronotum rufo-testaceous, elytra castaneous medially, testaceous marginally, and with large testaceous humeral mark. Head. elongate (Fig. 11), HL 1.44 mm and HW 1. 3 mm, smooth, eyes small, barely prominent; temples long; antennae long, slender, three antennomeres bypassing the base of pronotum; median tooth of mentum broad, rounded apically. Pronotum. almost as long as wide (Fig 11) PL 1.38 mm and PW 1.4 mm; not punctate, lateral margins elevated, hind angles with pair of setae, angles slightly sinuate and weakly pointed. Elytra. subovoid, intervals markedly flattened, marginal grooves deep, lateral margins elevated, microsculpture of intervals distinct. Aedeagus without hook (Basilewsky 1962; Ball & Hilchie 1983). Shape of aedeagus (Fig. 17). Geographical distribution. This species was only recorded from Yemen. Variation among species. The manifestation of altitude probably not only limits the species richness or abundance, but tends to change the colour pattern too. Basilewsky (1962) documented the relation between altitudinal range and variation within Afrotarus species especially pattern elytra and colour of species. It was found that the specimens of A. kilimanus (Kolbe 1898), collected from different elevations, ranging from 1500 m to 4000 m, have different color: species tend to be darker with increasing altitudes. At altitude less than 3000 m, elytrae of A. leleupi and A. meruanus are more or less dark brown with humeral spots at intervals 5, 6 and 7 and macula at intervals 3 near apex; while between 3000–4000 m or higher, elytra turns blackish without any macula (Basilewsky 1962). However not in all species colour variation is noticed in relation to altitude. It was found that Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n. collected from two elevation have variable colour and pattern. The specimens recorded at 2404 m are light reddish to brownish in colour and sometimes with pale macula at apex, while those specimens collected at altitude more than 2800 m are more dark red without any macula. This species had reduced wings or micropterous with limited dispersal ability.

FIGURES 15–19. Aedeagus of Afrotarus and Cymindis: 15 A. fadli sp. n. 16 A. soudaensis sp. n. 17 A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) 18 C. laevistriata Lucas, 1846 19 C. suturalis (Dejean, 1825). (Figure 18 taken by Jan Muilwijk in RMNH).

FIGURES 20–25. Habitus of Afrotarus and Cymindis: 20–21 Males of A. fadli sp. n. 22 male of A. soudaensis sp. n. 23 Paratype of A. scotti (Basilewsky, 1948) 24 C. andreae Menetries, 1832 25 C. suturalis Dejean, 1825.

CYMINDIDINA FROM SAUDI ARAB (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 165 FIGURE 26. Photograph of the type locality for Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n. at Wadi Gouze, Aziza, Al Souda, Asir Province, southwest of Saudi Arabia at 2363 m elevation.

FIGURE 27. Photograph of the locality for Afrotarus soudaensis sp. n. at Rayda Nature Reserve, Baha, Asir Province, southwest of Saudi Arabia at 2761 elevation.

166 · Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press RASOOL ET AL. FIGURE 28. Photograph of the type locality for Afrotarus fadli sp. n. at Al Qumma National Park, Biljurashi, Al Baha Provence, southwestern of Saudi Arabia at an elevation of 1963 m

FIGURE 29. Distribution of species of Afrotarus and Cymindis in the southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Type species. Buprestis humeralis Geoffřoy, 1785

Cymindis Latreille, 1806 is the largest genus in subtribe Cymindidina with more than 220 taxa in 15 subgenera. It is the most speciose and widespread genus that extends to Nearctic, Neotropical, and Palaearctic zoogeographical regions (Bousquet 2012), with exception of Australia (Ball & Hilchie 1983). The Palaearctic region contributes most of the diversity with 167 species (Kabak 2003; Bousquet 2012). The members of the subgenus Cymindis sensu stricto from the South of the Arabian Peninsula can be separated from these genera and subgenera by: last labial palpomeres dilated and truncate at apex; temples pubescent; pronotum cordiform; elytra with complete striae; wings usually reduced; males with 1–3 dilated protarsomeres and with serrate adhesive setae underneath; tarsal claws pectinate (Lindroth 1974; Ball & Hilchie 1983: Bousquet 2010). Hitherto only three species of Cymindis have been recorded from Saudi Arabia, C. andreae Ménétriés 1832, this species was recently transferred to the subgenus Arrhostus Motschulsky 1864 (Sundukov, 2005); C. (s. str.) suturalis Dejean, 1825 (Mateu 1986; El-Hawagry et al. 2013) and C. (s. str.) laevistriata Lucas, 1846 (Basilewsky 1979). During the present work only C. andreae and C. suturalis were collected in the southwestern Saudi Arabia.

Cymindis (Arrhostus) andreae Ménétriés, 1832

Cymindis andreae Ménétriés, 1832: 98 Cymindis imperialis Zoubkoff, 1837 Cymindis discoidea Peyron, 1858 (non Dejean, 1824) Cymindis georgica Reitter, 1923 Cymindis immaculata Eichler, 1924 (non Dejean & Boisduval, 1829)

Type locality. Caucasus region. Type depository. Holotype in NHMB Material examined. Total 6 specimens: Al Baha: 4 ♀, “KSA, Al Baha, IX.2009, El Hawagry” / “Cymindis andreae Ménétriés, 1832; det. M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2011” [White label]. Riyadh: 1 ♀, “Deirab” / “Cymindis andreae Ménétriés, 1832; det. M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2011” [White label] [KSMA]. Asir: 1 ♀ “Saudi Arabia, C. Holzschun” / “Asir Mts, Wadi Shugub, 7.IV.1983” / “Cymindis andreae Ménétriés, J. Mateu, det. 1984” [NHMB]. Recognition. Medium sized beetles (Fig. 24) with TBL 8.4–9.5 mm. Color. dorsum of head, antennae, and tarsomeres red testaceous; pronotum, mouth parts, legs, elytra and epipleurae testaceous; elytra with brown zigzag band at post medium of elytra, slightly prolonged to apex, not reaching lateral border and apex; base of elytra with square patch, suture brown throughout its length; abdomen brunneous. Microsculpture: Labrum and small part of frons and elytra with isodiametric mesh pattern; rest of head smooth; pronotum with almost invisible transverse microlines along the medial impression; abdomen smooth. Head. slightly longer than wide, almost as wide as pronotum (Fig. 12), HL 1.75–1.95 mm and HW 1.6–1.75 mm; dorsum with fine punctures, few wrinkles near eyes; eyes prominent; temples short; labrum broader than clypeus with truncate anterior margin. Pronotum. cordiform, wider than long (Fig. 12), PL 1.42–1.62 mm, and PW 1.65–1.82 mm, anterior margin almost truncate, apical angles rounded; lateral sides of pronotum slightly sinuate and narrowed posteriorly, base concave, basal angles weak; dorsum with fine punctures and hardly visible wrinkles. Elytra. subovoid slightly broadened posteriorly, EL 4.85– 5.5 mm and EW 3–3.45 mm. lateral margin oblique; apical margin obliquely truncate; striae complete, sculptured, clear and deep; intervals convex throughout, with fine punctures. Claws denticulate. Abdomen. all visible ventrites smooth, finely pubescent laterally, apex of last ventrite 4–setose and rounded in females. Affinity. Cymindis andreae is distinguished from other species known from Saudi Arabia by its cordiform pronotum, fine punctuation on head and pronotum, head slightly wider than pronotum (including eyes), and labrum larger than clypeus Geographical distribution. Cymindis andreae is known from Asir and Baha provinces (Mateu 1986; El- Hawagry et al. 2013) (Fig. 29) and Riyadh Province. It is a Palaearctic element and widely distributed in that region: Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, Armenia, Cyprus, Egypt, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Tadzhikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Yemen, and South European Territory of Russia. This range exemplifies Turano-Mediterranean chorotype.

Cymindis laevistriata Lucas, 1846: 10

Type locality. Algeria Type depository. MNHN Recognition. Head and last abdominal segment dark brown; antennae, legs, margins of pronotum, elytra and ventrum of body ferruginous; mouth parts and pronotum ferruginous brown, dark brown pattern of elytra along the suture tridental, covering intervals I–IV or (or only half of IV); base with scutellar spot covering intervals I–IV, sometimes connected with outer dent, also 7th intervals in apical half is dark, longly narrowed, backwards almost reaching to the end of the dark part of the suture. Head smooth, eyes rather flat with long temples, pronotum completely rounded laterally and basally, except for the tiny posterior angles, marginal gutter of pronotum very wide (Fig. 13). Shape of aedeagus (Fig. 18), in lateral view genitalia gently curved; thick in the middle, apical third narrowed, ending with horn like tip. Note. Diagnostic characters are based on the specimens examined in RMNH and original description (Lucas, 1846). Affinity. This species resembles C. suturalis in general appearance, but can be distinguished by: head smooth; elytral dark markings covering intervals 1–5; pronotum completely rounded laterally and basally; temples long; apical third of genitalia narrowed, ending with horn like tip. Geographical distribution. This species was described from Algeria (Lucas 1846) and was recorded from Egypt, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Turkey.

Cymindis (s. str.) suturalis Dejean, 1825

Cymindis suturalis Dejean, 1825: 206

Type locality. Egypt Type depository. Holotype in MNHN Material examined. Total 7 specimens: Al Baha: 1 ♀, “KSA, Baljurashi, Al-Qamh, I.2009, El-Hawagry” / “Cymindis suturalis Dejean, 1825; det. M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2011” [White label]. Riyadh: 1 ♂ 1♀, “Al Uyanah, 15.III.2008, Al Dhafer H. & Al Aet. H” / “Cymindis suturalis Dejean, 1825; det. M.S. Abdel-Dayem, 2011” [White label]. 1 ♀, “Sadoues, 30.I.1989, Salem, Host Mellon” / “Cymindis suturalis Dejean, 1825; det. M.S. Abdel- Dayem, 2011” [White label]. 1 ♀, “IV.1980” / “Alfa Alfa crop”/ “Cymindis suturalis pseudosuturalis Bedel; det. R.B. Madge, 1983”. 1 ♂ 1 ♀, “without any data” [KSMA]. Recognition. Body form (Fig. 25), medium to large species TBL 9.5–10.2 mm. Colour: head, clypeus, labrum, pronotum, antennomeres IV–XI and abdomen red testaceous, head darker than pronotum; elytra, antennomeres I– III, epipleurae and legs testaceous, tarsomeres sometimes darker than rest of the leg parts; suture of elytra brunneous and intervals VII brunneous posteriorly. Head. longer than wide and narrower than pronotum (Fig. 14), HL 1.75–2 mm and HW 1.65–1.87 mm; dorsum with fine punctures; clypeus with smooth surface; labrum broad with truncate anterior margin. Pronotum. transverse (Fig. 14), PL 1.6–1.8 mm and PW 1.9–2.3 mm; anterior margin concave with rounded angles; sides of pronotum more or less rounded laterally, concave at the base with very weak angles; surface finely and sparsely punctuate. Elytra. broad, EL 5.8–6.2 mm and EW 3.75–4 mm, striae clear, lateral margins not parallel, apex obliquely truncate and slightly sinuate; all the intervals with fine punctures. Claws denticulate. Abdomen. all visible ventrites with short pubescence; apical margin of last ventrite rounded and 4–setose in males and females. Aedeagus. shape of aedeagus (Fig. 19), in lateral view, aedeagus almost equally broadened from base to just before tip, almost straight in the middle, apical tip very short. Affinity. This species resembles C. lineata (Quensel in Schonherr, 1806) in body shape and size but can be differentiated from it by: head less strongly punctate, pronotum less cordiform but rounded and concave on lateral sides; posterior angles of pronotum weak (Dejean 1825). C. lineata is distributed in Azerbaijan, Albania, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Kazakhstan, Macedonia, Moldavia, Russia, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, Turkey and Ukraine (Kabak 2003; Anichtchenko 2016). C. suturalis also resembles C. laevistriata Lucas, 1846 but can be separated by: head finely punctured; elytral dark markings covering intervals I-II; temples short, pronotum rather narrow; aedeagus thicker and rather straight in the middle, less narrowed at the apex.

CYMINDIDINA FROM SAUDI ARAB (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press · 169 Geographical distribution. This species is recorded from Southwestern Baha Province (El-Hawagry et al. 2013) and Central (Riyadh Province) Saudi Arabia. It was described from Egypt (Dejean 1825) and is widely distributed in Canary Island, Israel, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Morocco, Madeira Arch., Saudi Arabia, Spain and Syria (Mateu 1986; Kabak 2003; Anichtchenko 2016). This species is more Palaearctic and its range exemplifies Turano- Mediterranean chorotype.

Acknowledgements

We are especially indebted to the staff of the KSMA, King Saud University Museum of Arthropods, Plant Protection Department, Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA, for their assistance during the field work. We express our gratitude to Beulah Garner, Senior Curator Coleoptera at British Museum of Natural History, London, UK, for lending Afrotarus Saudi material. Many thanks to Mark de Meyer, the curator of the Entomology Section at the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium, for lending A. scotti paratype and Azadeh Thagavian from the Musée national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France for lending Cymindis laevistriata. Many thanks to Naturalis Biodiversity Centre in Leiden, Netherlands for permission to use their equipment to produce photos of A. scotti paratype; and Mr. Jan Muilwijk, associate researcher in Naturalis Biodiversity Centre in Leiden, for providing us images of C. laevistriata and C. suturalis. The authors would like to extend their sincere appreciation to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for its funding this research group NO (RGP-1437-009).

References

Anichtchenko, A. (2016) Tribe Lebiini. In: Anichtchenko, A. et al. (Eds.), Carabidae of the World. Available from: http:// carabidae.org/taxa/lebiini-bonelli (accessed 10 January 2017) Ball, G.E & Hilchie, G.J. (1983) Cymindine Lebiini of Authors: Redefinition and Reclassification of Genera (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 19, 93–216. Basilewsky, P. (1948) Carabidae Africains nouveaux. Mémoires de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 1, 57–105. Basilewsky, P. (1962) LX. Coleoptera Carabidae. Mission zoologique de l’I.R.S.A.C. en Afrique orientale (P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). Annales du Musée Royale d'Afrique Centrale, Series 8, Science Zoologie, No. 107, 46–337. Basilewsky, P. (1968) Missione 1965 del Prof. Giuseppe Scortecci nello Yemen (Arabia meridionale). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturale di Milano, 107 (3–4), 349–361. Basilewsky, P. (1979) Insects of Saudi Arabia, Coleoptera: Fam. Carabidae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 141–146. Bousquet, Y. (2012) Catalogue of Geadephaga (Coleoptera; Adephaga) of America, north of Mexico. ZooKeys, 245, 1–1772. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.245.3416 Britton, E.B. (1948) Coleoptera: Cicindelidae and Carabidae. In: Expedition to South-West Arabia 1937–38. Vol. 1. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 87–125, pi.7–9. [with an appendix by P. Basilewsky: Trois nouveaux Carabiques du Sud-Ouest de l’Arabie, 126–131.] Dejean, P.F.M.A. (1825) Species général des Coléoptères, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome Premier. Crevot, Paris, sxx + 463. El-Hawagry, M.S., Khalil, M.W., Sharaf, M.R., Fadl, H.H. & Aldawood, A.S. (2013) A preliminary study on the insect fauna of Al-Baha Province, Saudi Arabia, with descriptions of two new species. ZooKeys, 274, 1–88. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.274.4529 Felix, R.F.F.L. (2009) Order Coleoptera, family Carabidae. Arthropod fauna of the UAE, 2, 66–141. Felix, R.F.F.L. (2014) A new subgenus and species of Lebia, with additional records of Carabidae (Coleoptera) from Socotra Island. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54, 101–114. Felix, R.F.F.L., Farkač, J. & Suleiman, A.S. (2012) Annotated checklist of the Carabidae (Coleoptera) of the Socotra Archipelago. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 52, 75–106. Kabak, I. (2003) Tribe Lebiini Bonelli, 1810 (Coleoptera; Carabidae). In: Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga. Vol. 1. Apollo Books Stenstrup, pp. 408–443. Kolbe, H.J. (1898) Coleopteren (Käfer und Netzflügler). Deutsch-Ost-Afrika, IV (Lief. VI, VII, VIII), Coleoptera & Neuroptera, 364 pp., 3 pls. & 42 pp., 1 pl. [from Ball & Hilchie, 1983; 19, 93–216] Lindroth, C.H. (1974) Handbook for the identification of British Insects. Royal Entomological Society 2012, 4 (2). London. Available from: http://www.royensoc.co.uk/publications/index.htm (accessed 10 January 2017) Lorenz, W. (2005) Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta, Coleoptera; Geadephaga, Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae; Rhysodinae). W. Lorenz, Tutzing, [ii] + 530.

170 · Zootaxa 4236 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press RASOOL ET AL. Lucas, (1846) Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Deuxième partie. Insectes. In: Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d'une Comission Académique. In: Sciences Physiques. Zoologies 2. Gouvernement National, Paris, pp. 10–11 Mateu, J. (1979) Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Lebiinae. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 1, 147 –155. Mateu, J. (1986) Lebiinae and Brachininae of Saudi Arabia (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 8, 198–217. Mateu, J. (1990) Carabiques recoltés au Nord-Yemen par M.G. de Rougemont. Bollettino del Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, 8, 23–44. Sundukov, Yu. N. (2005) Arrhostus Motschulsky is a new subgenus of the genus Cymindis (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Russian Journal of Zoology, 84, 395–396. [in Russian] Taglianti, A.V., Audisio, P.A., Biondi, M., Bologna, M.A., Carpaneto, G.M., Biase, A.D., Fattorini, S., Piattella, E., Sindaco, R., Wenchi, A. & Zapparoli, M. (1999) A proposal for a chorotype classification of the near east fauna, in the framework of the western Palearctic region. Biogeographia, 20, 31–59.