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Seasonal Abundance of the Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne Brassicae

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Seasonal Abundance of the Cabbage Aphid Brevicoryne Brassicae Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (4): 1121-1128 Egyptian Journal of Plant Protection Research Institute www.ejppri.eg.net Seasonal abundance of the cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae (Hemiptera : Aphididae) infesting canola plants in relation with associated natural enemies and weather factors in Sohag Governorate Waleed, A. Mahmoud Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt. ARTICLE INFO Abstract: Article History Received: 19 / 10 /2020 Canola (Brassica napus L.) is grown in more than 120 Accepted: 22 / 12 /2020 countries around the world, including Egypt, hold the third position oil crop after palm and soybean oils . the cabbage aphid Keywords Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera : Aphididae) is distributed in many parts of the world and is present in Egypt, especially in Brevicoryne brassicae, Upper Egypt. Its damage occurs on the plant leaves and transmit population, canola, plant viruses. The present studies were carried at The Experimental parasitoid, predators, Farm of Shandweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag temperature and Governorate, Egypt during the winter seasons of 2017/2018 and humidity. 2018/2019 to investigate the population density of the cabbage aphid B. brassicae infesting canola in relation to some biotic and abiotic factors in Sohag Governorate. Data revealed that aphid started to take place in canola fields during the first week of December in both seasons (36 days after planting), then increased to reach its peak in at 20th and 13th February in the two seasons (Between 106 to 113 days after planting), respectively. The parasitism rate by Diaeretiella rapae (MacIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) simultaneously increased as aphid populations increased in both seasons, also, the highest parasitism percentages were synchronization of the aphid numbers reduction in both seasons. Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera : Coccinellidae) , Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Syrphus corollae Fabricius (Syrphidae: Diptera) were the main predators inhabiting canola plants, started to take place in canola fields after 2-3 weeks from aphid infestation. Predators showed their highest abundance during February and simultaneously increased as aphid populations increased in both seasons. Using simple correlation and simple regression values, the effects of parasitoid and predators showed positive, highly significant and significant effects, respectively, on B. brassicae during the two seasons. However, none of abiotic factors (Maximum and minimum temperature and mean relative humidity) showed significant effects in the two seasons. 1121 Mahmoud, 2020 Introduction al., 2019). The present work was Canola (Brassica napus L.: oriented to obtain better knowledge Cruciferae) became one of the most about B. brassicae population infesting important oil crops all over the world. canola in relation to some biotic and In Egypt, it is cultivated in winter and abiotic factors at Sohag Governorate. can grow in the new reclaimed lands. Materials and methods Therefore, canola is one of the 1. Experimental design: promising oil crops which could help in The present studies were carried reducing the gap between the local at The Experimental Farm of production and the consumption in Shandweel Agricultural Research Egypt (Abdrabou et al., 2017). Canola Station, Sohag Governorate, Egypt crop was attacked by several insect during the winter seasons of 2017/2018 pests, but one of the most important and 2018/2019. An area of about half insects is the cabbage aphid feddan (2100 m2) was cultivated with Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: canola plants (Cultivar pactol) in Aphididae) was the most serious one completely randomized block design. (Mazeed, 2006; Amer et al., 2009 and Normal agricultural practices were Syaid et al., 2020). The population performed, and no insecticidal trend of the pest is the central corner to treatments were used during the whole select the best time insecticide study period. applications against cabbage aphid in 2. Population trend of aphid: canola fields. So, several authors In order to study the population studied the population density of this density of B. brassicae, ten canola pest (Khan and Begum, 2005 and plants were randomly selected, and the Temerak et al., 2014). The parasitoid number of aphids was counted in each Diaeretiella rapae (MacIntosh) replicate. Data were collected at weekly (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is intervals from emergence to the described as the main primary harvesting time. parasitoid of cabbage aphid and 3. Population trends of natural considered as one of the most effective enemies: factors decreased cabbage aphid In order to study the population population in canola fields (Sayed and trends of insect predators associated Teilep, 2013 and Abdel-Galil and with cabbage aphid infesting canola Mahmoud, 2019). The insect predators, plants, the numbers of C. Coccinella undecimpunctata L. undecimpunctata, C. carnea and S. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), corollae larvae were counted on 10 Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) randomly plants selected from each (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Syrphus replicate. Data were collected at weekly corollae Fabricius (Syrphidae: Diptera) intervals from emergence to the was reported as the most prevalent harvesting time. predator species found associated with For the main associated the aphid in canola fields and their role parasitoid, D. rapae, the number of in suppressing aphid populations in mummified aphids was counted from canola fields was studied by many the first inspection date and continued authors (Saljoqi et al., 2012 and Abbas to the end of the two seasons. The et al, 2017). Weather, especially, percentage of parasitism caused by temperature and relative humidity play aphid parasitoid was calculated in each a major role in the development of sampling date according to following aphid populations (Abbas et al, 2014; formula: Nematollahi et al., 2016 and Akbar et 1122 Egypt. J. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. (2020), 3 (4): 1121-1128 Number of to take place in canola fields during the parasitoid first week of December in both seasons Parasitism aphids X (36 days after planting). A gradual percentage = The total 100 increase in aphid numbers were number of recorded until the appearance of its aphids peak at 20th and 13th February in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons 4. The effect of some biotic and (Between 106 to 113 days after abiotic factors on population trend of planting), respectively, with 591.33 and cabbage aphid: 904.33 aphids/ plant. Then the numbers The effects of plant age, of aphid decreased until the end of the maximum temperature, minimum two seasons. The highest aphid temperature, average relative humidity, population was observed during total predator number and parasitoid February, followed by January in both number were tested for population seasons. fluctuation of aphid infesting canola In agreement with the above using simple correlation according to results, Khan and Begum (2005) who Gomez and Gomez (1984). found that the population of aphid on Results and discussion canola peaked in 3rd week of February, 1. Population trend of Brevicoryne and Amer et al. (2009) who found that brassicae on canola plant: the highest population was recorded The seasonal abundance of during the last week of February to the cabbage aphid inhabiting canola plants second week of March. Also, Temerak during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 et al. (2014) showed that the highest growing seasons at Sohag Governorate population density of cabbage aphid was presented in Figure (1). Data was recorded during the plant age of revealed that the cabbage aphid started 108-125 days old. 1000 2017/2018 season 2018/2019 season 800 600 400 200 Mean plant No./ Mean 0 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 6 13 20 27 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March Samplin date Figure (1): Population trend of Brevicoryne brassicae infesting canola plants during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons at Sohag Governorate. 1123 Mahmoud , 2020 2. Population trends of natural recorded in 9th January (15.58%) and enemies associated with Brevicoryne 27th February (43.01%). The parasitoids brassicae on canola plant: appear delay by about three weeks after 2.1. Diaeretiella rapae parasitoid: canola infestation by aphids. However, The mean percentage of the parasitism rate simultaneously cabbage aphid parasitized by D. rapae increased as aphid populations during 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 increased in the both seasons, also, the growing seasons at Sohag Governorate highest parasitism percentages were was estimated as shown in Figure (2). synchronization of the aphid numbers The first mummified aphids appear was reduction in both seasons. observed during the last week of Relations between B. brassicae December in both seasons, the seasonal and its parasitoids were clarified by mean of parasitism percentage Temerak et al. (2014). The previous maximized two times in both seasons. results support the findings of Abdel- The peaks were observed in 16th Galil and Mahmoud (2019) who January (12.03%) and 13th March reported that the aphid number decrease (39.99%) in 2017/2018 season. While, was in simultaneous with the increase in 2018/2019 season, the peaks of its parasitoid. 50 2017/2018 season 2018/2019 season 40 30 20 10 Parasitisim% 0 14 21 28 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 6 13 20 27 Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March Samplin date Figure (2): Mean percentage of Diaeretiella rapae parasitism on Brevicoryne brassicae infesting canola plants during
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