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Equality in the Colonies: Concepts of Equality in Sicily During the Eighth to Six Centuries BC Author(S): Matthew Fitzjohn Source: World Archaeology, Vol
Equality in the Colonies: Concepts of Equality in Sicily during the Eighth to Six Centuries BC Author(s): Matthew Fitzjohn Source: World Archaeology, Vol. 39, No. 2, The Archaeology of Equality (Jun., 2007), pp. 215- 228 Published by: Taylor & Francis, Ltd. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40026654 . Accessed: 18/09/2011 07:36 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Taylor & Francis, Ltd. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to World Archaeology. http://www.jstor.org Equality in the colonies: concepts of equality in Sicily duringthe eighth to six centuries bc MatthewFitzjohn Abstract In thelate eighthand earlyseventh centuries BC, a seriesof Greeksettlements of significantsize and organizationwere established on the east coast of Sicily.Their spatial organizationand systemsof land tenureappear to have been establishedon the principleof equality.This standsin contrastto the widelyheld beliefthat relationsbetween Greeks and the indigenouspopulation were based predominantlyon inequality.The aim of this articleis to re-examinethe materialexpression of equalityin the Greek settlementsand to reflectupon the ways in whichour categoriesof colonizer and colonizedhave influencedthe way thatwe look forand understandthe social relationsbetween people. I argue that the evidence of hybridforms of existenceas expressedthrough material culturerepresent different forms of equalitythat were experienced across the island in the Archaic period. -
The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes
The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Table of Contents The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes..............................................................................................1 Charles Rann Kennedy...................................................................................................................................1 THE FIRST OLYNTHIAC............................................................................................................................1 THE SECOND OLYNTHIAC.......................................................................................................................6 THE THIRD OLYNTHIAC........................................................................................................................10 THE FIRST PHILIPPIC..............................................................................................................................14 THE SECOND PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................21 THE THIRD PHILIPPIC.............................................................................................................................25 THE FOURTH PHILIPPIC.........................................................................................................................34 i The Olynthiacs and the Phillippics of Demosthenes Charles Rann Kennedy This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. -
Urban Planning in the Greek Colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia
Urban Planning in the Greek Colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia (8th – 6th centuries BCE) An honors thesis for the Department of Classics Olivia E. Hayden Tufts University, 2013 Abstract: Although ancient Greeks were traversing the western Mediterranean as early as the Mycenaean Period, the end of the “Dark Age” saw a surge of Greek colonial activity throughout the Mediterranean. Contemporary cities of the Greek homeland were in the process of growing from small, irregularly planned settlements into organized urban spaces. By contrast, the colonies founded overseas in the 8th and 6th centuries BCE lacked any pre-existing structures or spatial organization, allowing the inhabitants to closely approximate their conceptual ideals. For this reason the Greek colonies in Sicily and Magna Graecia, known for their extensive use of gridded urban planning, exemplified the overarching trajectory of urban planning in this period. Over the course of the 8th to 6th centuries BCE the Greek cities in Sicily and Magna Graecia developed many common features, including the zoning of domestic, religious, and political space and the implementation of a gridded street plan in the domestic sector. Each city, however, had its own peculiarities and experimental design elements. I will argue that the interplay between standardization and idiosyncrasy in each city developed as a result of vying for recognition within this tight-knit network of affluent Sicilian and South Italian cities. This competition both stimulated the widespread adoption of popular ideas and encouraged the continuous initiation of new trends. ii Table of Contents: Abstract. …………………….………………………………………………………………….... ii Table of Contents …………………………………….………………………………….…….... iii 1. Introduction …………………………………………………………………………..……….. 1 2. -
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11Th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA an Ancient City in Greece, the Capital of Laconia and the Most Powerful State of the Peloponnese
Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Sparta SPARTA AN ancient city in Greece, the capital of Laconia and the most powerful state of the Peloponnese. The city lay at the northern end of the central Laconian plain, on the right bank of the river Eurotas, a little south of the point where it is joined by its largest tributary, the Oenus (mount Kelefina). The site is admirably fitted by nature to guard the only routes by which an army can penetrate Laconia from the land side, the Oenus and Eurotas valleys leading from Arcadia, its northern neighbour, and the Langada Pass over Mt Taygetus connecting Laconia and Messenia. At the same time its distance from the sea-Sparta is 27 m. from its seaport, Gythium, made it invulnerable to a maritime attack. I.-HISTORY Prehistoric Period.-Tradition relates that Sparta was founded by Lacedaemon, son of Zeus and Taygete, who called the city after the name of his wife, the daughter of Eurotas. But Amyclae and Therapne (Therapnae) seem to have been in early times of greater importance than Sparta, the former a Minyan foundation a few miles to the south of Sparta, the latter probably the Achaean capital of Laconia and the seat of Menelaus, Agamemnon's younger brother. Eighty years after the Trojan War, according to the traditional chronology, the Dorian migration took place. A band of Dorians united with a body of Aetolians to cross the Corinthian Gulf and invade the Peloponnese from the northwest. The Aetolians settled in Elis, the Dorians pushed up to the headwaters of the Alpheus, where they divided into two forces, one of which under Cresphontes invaded and later subdued Messenia, while the other, led by Aristodemus or, according to another version, by his twin sons Eurysthenes and Procles, made its way down the Eurotas were new settlements were formed and gained Sparta, which became the Dorian capital of Laconia. -
Proud to Be Euboeans: the Chalcidians of Thrace
Proud to be Euboeans: The Chalcidians of Thrace Selene E. PSOMA Περίληψη Οι Χαλκιδείς της Θράκης, όπως αναφέρονται στην αρχαία γραμματεία και τις επιγραφές, ήταν Ευ- βοείς άποικοι στη χερσόνησο της Χαλκιδικής που ζούσαν σε μικρές πόλεις στο μυχό του κόλπου της Τορώνης και στη Σιθωνία. Η Όλυνθος παραδόθηκε στους Χαλκιδείς το 479 και εκείνοι αργότερα δη- μιούργησαν το ισχυρό κοινό των Χαλκιδέων. Οι δεσμοί τους με τη μητρόπολη τεκμαίρονται από το ημερολόγιο τους, την ονοματολογία, το χαλκιδικό αλφάβητο, το ακροφωνικό σύστημα αρίθμησης, καθώς επίσης και από τη νομισματοκοπία. Αυτό το άρθρο εξετάζει όλα τα στοιχεία δίνοντας ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στη νομισματοκοπία. Introduction The ties between Euboean Chalcis and the Chalcidians of Thrace are mentioned by both Aristotle and authors of later date.1 Aristotle, who was born a Chalcidian of Thrace and died in Chalcis, mentions that the Chalcidians of Thrace asked Androdamas of Rhegion to become their lawgiver (nomothetes).2 Rhegion was also a Chalcidian colony, and it was quite common for a colony to ask for lawgivers from one of its sister cities. Another story that Aristotle relates will be discussed at length later. According to Polybius, the Chalcidians of Thrace were colonists of both Athens and Chalcis, and the main opponent to Philip II in Thrace.3 Strabo noted that Eretria founded the cities of Pallene and Athos whereas Chalcis founded those near Olynthus.4 The foundation of these colonies took place when the Hippobotai were rul- ing Chalcis, and the men who led the colonists were among the noblest of their cities. Plutarch mentions the struggle between Chalcidians and Andrians over the foundation of Akanthos in the 7th century BC.5 1. -
Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: a Socio-Cultural Perspective
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective Nicholas D. Cross The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1479 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] INTERSTATE ALLIANCES IN THE FOURTH-CENTURY BCE GREEK WORLD: A SOCIO-CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE by Nicholas D. Cross A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 Nicholas D. Cross All Rights Reserved ii Interstate Alliances in the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________ __________________________________________ Date Jennifer Roberts Chair of Examining Committee ______________ __________________________________________ Date Helena Rosenblatt Executive Officer Supervisory Committee Joel Allen Liv Yarrow THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Interstate Alliances of the Fourth-Century BCE Greek World: A Socio-Cultural Perspective by Nicholas D. Cross Adviser: Professor Jennifer Roberts This dissertation offers a reassessment of interstate alliances (συµµαχία) in the fourth-century BCE Greek world from a socio-cultural perspective. -
HERODOTUS I I I 1 IV I I BOOKS VIII-IX I I I I L I I I I I I 1 I 1 I L I 1 I 1 I I I I L G Translated by I a D
I I 1 I 1 OEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY I i I 1 I I I m HERODOTUS I i I 1 IV i I BOOKS VIII-IX I i i I l I I I I i i 1 I 1 i l i 1 i 1 I I i I l g Translated by i A D. GODLEY i i I 1 I I iN Complete list of Lock titles can be V*o Jound at the end of each volume the historian HERODOTUS grc-at Greek was born about 484 B.C., at Halicar- nassus in Caria, Asia Minor, when it was subject to the Persians. He travelled in of Asia widely most Minor, Egypt (as as far Assuan), North Africa, Syria, the country north of the Black Sea, and many parts of the Aegean Sea and the mainland of Greece. He lived, it seems, for some time in Athens, and in 443 went with other colonists to the new city Thurii (in he died about South Italy) where 430 B.C. He was 'the prose correlative of the bard, a narrator of the deeds of real men, and a describer of foreign places' (Murray). His famous history of warfare between the Greeks and the Persians has an epic enhances his dignity which delightful style. It includes the rise of the Persian power and an account of the Persian the empire ; description of Egypt fills one book; because Darius attacked Scythia, the geography and customs of that land are also even in the later books on the given ; the Persians attacks of against Greece there are digressions.o All is most entertainingo a After and produces grand unity. -
Aphrodite in the Terracottas of Pella
Aphrodite in the terracottas of Pella Zamioudi Anastasia SCHOOL OF HUMANITIES A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Arts (MA) in The Classical Archaeology and the History of Ancient Macedonia February 2018 Thessaloniki – Greece 2 3 Student Name: Zamioudi Anastasia SID: 2204150029 Supervisor: Prof. I.M Akamatis. I hereby declare that the work submitted is mine and that where I have made use of another’s work, I have attributed the source(s) according to the Regulations set in the Student’s Handbook. February 2018 Thessaloniki - Greece 4 ABSTRACT This dissertation was written as part of the MA in the Classical Archaeology and the Ancient History of Macedonia at the International Hellenic University. The paper discusses the worship of Aphrodite and the clay figurines found in different positions in the city of Pella. The several types of clay figurines are described and an attempt to give an interpretation for their use is made. The study of the material led to the identification of eight types. The objective was to explore the variations within the different types of the figurines and find parallels of each type separately. Special focus is attempted on the interaction between the worship of the goddess and the local community, in a way that Aphrodite played an important role in the daily religious activities of the city’s population. For example, the mortal ladies of Pella offered themselves to the chthonian deities in order to favour the deceased. Beyond her chthonic character, Aphrodite was worshipped as Aphrodite Pandemos in the Sanctuary of Pella. This aspect of Aphrodite is bound up with the commoners of Pella in a sense that the deity unites its people socially and politically. -
Domestic Architecture in the Greek Colonies of the Black Sea from the Archaic Period Until the Late Hellenictic Years Master’S Dissertation
DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE GREEK COLONIES OF THE BLACK SEA FROM THE ARCHAIC PERIOD UNTIL THE LATE HELLENICTIC YEARS MASTER’S DISSERTATION STUDENT: KALLIOPI KALOSTANOU ID: 2201140014 SUPERVISOR: PROF. MANOLIS MANOLEDAKIS THESSALONIKI 2015 INTERNATIONAL HELLENIC UNIVERSITY MASTER’S DISSERTATION: DOMESTIC ARCHITECTURE IN THE GREEK COLONIES OF THE BLACK SEA FROM THE ARCHAIC PERIOD UNTIL THE LATE HELLENISTIC YEARS KALLIOPI KALOSTANOU THESSALONIKI 2015 [1] CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 4 ARCHAIC PERIOD 1.1. EARLY (610-575 BC) & MIDDLE ARCHAIC PERIOD (575-530 BC): ARCHITECTURE OF DUGOUTS AND SEMI DUGOUTS .................................................................................... 8 1.1. 1. DUGOUTS AND SEMI-DUGOUTS: DWELLINGS OR BASEMENTS? .................... 20 1.1. 2. DUGOUTS: LOCAL OR GREEK IVENTIONS? ........................................................... 23 1.1. 3. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 25 1.2. LATE ARCHAIC PERIOD (530-490/80 BC): ABOVE-GROUND HOUSES .................. 27 1.2.1 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ABOVE-GROUND HOUSES .............................................. 30 1.2.2. CONCLUSION: ............................................................................................................. 38 CLASSICAL PERIOD 2.1. EARLY CLASSICAL PERIOD (490/80-450 BC): ............................................................ 43 -
ARCL0005: INTRODUCTION to GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY 2019-20, Year 1, Term 1, 15 Credits
INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY ARCL0005: INTRODUCTION TO GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY 2019-20, Year 1, Term 1, 15 credits Deadlines for coursework: 8th November 2019, 15th January 2020 Coordinator: Dr. Borja Legarra Herrero. Email: [email protected] Office 106, tel. (0)20 7679 1539 Please see the last page of this document for important information about submission and marking procedures, or links to the relevant webpages. 2 1. OVERVIEW Course content: This course introduces students to the archaeology of the Greek world from the Bronze Age to the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The lectures are divided in sections, the first offering a set of frameworks for Greek archaeology; the following sections deal, respectively, with the development of cities and settlements through time, religion and cult, and cultural, social and economic practices. Course summary: (Term 1) Room 612, Fridays 11:00-13:00 4th October 1-2: Introduction, time and space. 11th October 3-4: Greek Archaeology: from the academic gentleman to the modern scientist 18th October 5-6: The Bronze and Iron Ages/What can be learnt from Troy? (Essay 1 discussion) 25th October 7-8: From the Archaic polis to the Classical city 1st November 9-10: Hellenistic Greece (in the BM, includes an introduction to the Greek collections in the BM by curator Thomas Kiely) (8th November – Reading Week) 15th November 11-12: The Greeks and their neighbours / Trade and the economy 22th November 13-14: Gender and #meToo / Death and burial 29th November 15-16: Hands-on session (This will take place in Room 410) 6th December 17-18: warfare / Oligarchs, Tyrants and democrats: an archaeology of power 13th December 19-20: Greek sanctuaries and religion / Popular Consumption of Greek Archaeology (Essay 2 discussion) Basic texts Alcock, S.E. -
A Pebble Mosaic in Peiraeus 79
A PEBBLEMOSAIC IN PEIRAEUS (PLATES 23-24) A well preserved pebble mosaic of a galloping quadriga paves a cave room on the Peiraeus coast between Zea and Munichia harbors (Pls. 23-24). In technique it corresponds to the pebble scenes of the late fifth and fourth centuries B.C. found at Corinth, Olynthos and Sikyon, but the mosaicist has employed perspective devices not utilized in similar pebble pavements. Since, despite emotional overtones, the scene is still imbued with a classical reticence to which the Pella floors in Alexander's aura no longer subscribe, a date within the fourth century would seem appropriate.' Iakobos Dragatsis, excavator of the cave complex, illustrated the chariot scene together with the near-by figure of Skylla (since covered over) by line drawing in his report of 1925-1926.2 The publication of adequate photographs and a reexamina- tion of the style in terms of the pebble mosaics discovered since the original publica- tion 3 seem justified. The excavator identified the site as the Serangeion, said to have been founded by the hero Serangos and perpetuated as his Heroon.4 Harpokration 1This study was begun under a Fulbright fellowship to the American School of Classical Studies at Athens during 1949-1950. I am most grateful to Prof. Eugene Vanderpool for redis- covering the mosaic, pointing out the excavation report, and suggesting that I restudy the mosaic in the light of recently discovered pebble mosaics. Miss Gisela M. A. Richter and Prof. Mary Swindler have kindly examined preliminary photographs; Prof. Homer Thompson and Prof. Rhys Carpenter have been good enough to read the manuscript at various stages. -
ABSTRACT Constantinos Hasapis, Overcoming the Spartan
ABSTRACT Constantinos Hasapis, Overcoming the Spartan Phalanx: The Evolution of Greek Battlefield Tactics, 394 BC- 371 BC. (Dr. Anthony Papalas, Thesis Director), Spring 2012 The objective of this thesis is to examine the changes in Greek battlefield tactics in the early fourth century as a response to overthrowing what was widely considered by most of Greece tyranny on the part of Sparta. Sparta's hegemony was based on military might, namely her mastery of phalanx warfare. Therefore the key to dismantling Lacedaemonia's overlordship was to defeat her armies on the battlefield. This thesis will argue that new battle tactics were tried and although there were varying degrees of success, the final victory at Leuctra over the Spartans was due mainly to the use of another phalanx. However, the Theban phalanx was not a merely a copy of Sparta's. New formations, tactics, and battlefield concepts were applied and used successfully when wedded together. Sparta's prospects of maintaining her position of dominance were increasingly bleak. Sparta's phalanx had became more versatile and mobile after the end of the Peloponnesian War but her increasing economic and demographic problems, compounded by outside commitments resulting in imperial overstretch, strained her resources. The additional burden of internal security requirements caused by the need to hold down a massive helot population led to a static position in the face of a dynamic enemy with no such constraints Overcoming The Spartan Phalanx: The Evolution of Greek Battlefield Tactics, 394 BC-371 BC A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment for the Degree Master of Arts in History Constantinos Hasapis Spring 2012 Copyright 2012 Constantinos Hasapis Overcoming the Spartan Phalanx: The Evolution of Greek Battlefield Tactics, 394 BC-371 BC by Constantinos Hasapis APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF THESIS ________________________________ Dr.