Greater Nanaimo LHA Profile 2019
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
GREATER NANAIMO - 424 Local Health Area Profile Greater Nanaimo Local Health Area (LHA) is one of 14 LHAs in Island Health and is located in Island Health’s Central Health Service Delivery Area (HSDA). Greater Nanaimo is in the centre of the Central HSDA on the east coast of Vancouver Island. It is 1,308 square kilometres and encompasses the communities of Nanaimo, Lantzville, and Gabriola Island. It borders on four other LHAs: Oceanside, Alberni-Clayoquot, Cowichan Valley North and Cowichan Valley West. Nanaimo is situated alongside Highway 1 and Highway 19. There are many BC Transit bus lines that serve across the LHA, a handy DART service, and BC Ferries services to Horseshoe Bay and Gabriola Island. July 2018 An accompanying Interpretation Guide has been created to assist with the interpretation of indicators. The Interpretation Guide should be read with the profiles. These profiles are not intended to be used for detailed planning or analysis. As they are updated on an annual basis, there may be more current data available. If you are intending to use these profiles for health planning purposes, if you have detailed questions, or notice a discrepancy, please contact Maritia Gully ([email protected]). 1 of 22 Population and Demographics As of 2019, the Greater Nanaimo LHA represents 14.07% (118,654 people) of Island Health’s total population of 843,376. According to the 2016 Census, 7.9% of people living in Greater Nanaimo identified themselves as Indigenous, compared to 7.6% across Island Health and 5.9% in BC. Additionally, 8.8% of people living in Greater Nanaimo identified themselves as a visible minority, compared to 9.6% across Island Health and 30.3% in BC. The population of Greater Nanaimo is younger than Island Health and older than BC, with an average age of 44.0 years. The 75+ age group makes up 9.88% of the population, which is similar to Island Health (10.1%) and higher than BC (7.86%) proportions. The largest population group is between the ages of 20-44 years. The Greater Nanaimo population is expected to increase by 13.4% to 134,504 by the year 2028; this is higher than the growth expected for Island Health (8.63%) and BC (11.4%). The 75+ age group is expected to more than double (from 11,719 to 24,251) over the next 20 years. A slight increase is expected in the 0-44 year age groups, while the 45-64 year age group is expected to lower before increasing, and the 65-74 year age group is expected to decline. See the Population and Demographics summary on page 11 for more information. Average Age (2018) Estimated Total Population - Greater Nanaimo BC Island Health Greater Nanaimo 40K n o i t 41.8 44.7 44.0 a l u p 20K o P Population Pyramid - 2019 - Greater Nanaimo 0K 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 90+ 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 85 - 89 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80 - 84 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 75 - 79 70 - 74 Estimated Population Change - Greater Nanaimo 65 - 69 60 - 64 55 - 59 50 - 54 100% 45 - 49 40 - 44 35 - 39 30 - 34 50% 25 - 29 20 - 24 15 - 19 10 - 14 05 - 09 0% 01 - 04 <1 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 3 5 7 9 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4K 2K 0K 0K 1K 2K 3K 4K 5K 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Male Population Female Population 0-19 20-44 45-64 65-74 75+ 2 of 22 Determinants of Health Access to adequate income, affordable housing, healthy food, education, healthy environments, and recreational opportunities influence our health and wellbeing. People who are less well-off generally have poorer health and shorter life expectancies than those who are well-off. By working upstream to improve the conditions in which all people live, work, and play, we can decrease these gaps and improve the health and wellbeing of our population. Income and Employment The median household income for Greater Nanaimo was $62,175 in 2016 and was lower than the BC median household income of $69,979 and Island Health’s $65,735 (median income in this report is a before-tax measure unless specified otherwise). The proportion of persons who are members of a low income household is higher among children, youth, and adults compared to Island Health and BC. The proportion of low income seniors is higher than Island Health overall, but lower than BC. The unemployment rate in Greater Nanaimo is also higher than Island Health and BC overall (see page 12). Percent of Population with Low Income in 2015 based on after-tax low-income measure (2016 Census) Low Income Children Low Income Children and Low Income Adults (18 to 64) Low Income Seniors (65+) (<6 years) Youth (<18) n o 25 i 22.7 22.8 t a l u 19.6 19.2 p 20 18.4 o 17.7 P 16.5 d 14.9 14.7 14.9 e t 15 13.2 c 11.7 e l e S 10 f o t n e 5 c r e P 0 Education High School Completion Rate within 6 years of Grade 8 Enrollment (2 yr aggregate) High school completion rates in Greater Nanaimo are lower than the rates for Island Health and BC; additionally, 80 according to the 2016 Census, a slightly lower proportion s t 70 of the Greater Nanaimo adult population have completed n 83.8 e 76.7 post-secondary education. d 60 u 72.0 t S 50 f o 40 Population Aged 25 to 64 with Post-Secondary t n e Certificate, Diploma or Degree (%) c 30 r e P 20 2016 BC Island Health Greater Nanaimo 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 63.9 63.7 61.6 - - - - - - - - - 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Greater Nanaimo Island Health BC 3 of 22 Determinants of Health Housing Selected Household Indicators Dwellings Needing Housing Affordability Housing Affordability One way to measure affordability of housing is to Major Repairs (%) Owners (% spending Renters (% spending look at how much of a household’s income is spent >30% of Income) >30% of Income) on shelter. The proportion of home owners in 50 47.5 Greater Nanaimo spending more than 30% of their 45.0 43.3 income on shelter is lower than BC and Island n o Health, while this proportion is higher for renters. i 40 t a There is a lower percentage of crowded family l u p households in Greater Nanaimo compared to BC, o 30 P but a higher percentage than Island Health overall f o (see page 12). The percentage of households in t 20.7 n 20 17.2 e 16.9 need of major repairs (e.g. defective electrical c r wiring) is similar to Island Health and BC levels. e P 10 6.3 6.2 6.4 Early Childhood Development and 0 Determinants of Child and Youth Health Median Household and Lone-Parent Income, and Creating supportive and healthy environments in Percentage of Lone-Parent Families (2016 Census) an equitable way so that all children and youth can grow and thrive is critical to the health of the Median household Median lone-parent Lone-parent population. This includes supporting mothers total income ($) family income ($) Families (%) during the pre- and post-natal period, supporting 70.0K 70K 65.7K families during early development years, 62.2K 26 supporting children and youth to grow, learn, and 60K transition into adulthood. 50.9K 48.4K 50K 45.8K Greater Nanaimo has a lower percentage of 40K 22 lone-parent families in comparison to BC, but higher percentage than Island Health. Like the 30K general population, lone-parent families also have 20K a lower median household income in Greater 25 Nanaimo compared to Island Health and BC 10K overall. 0K Early Development Instrument (EDI) The Early Development Instrument (EDI) is used to Percent of Preschool Children Vulnerable in measure vulnerability in "waves" of kindergarten children EDI: Vulnerable on ≥1 Domains across five domains (social, physical, emotional, language, and communication). Increases in the EDI rate are a 34.0 negative indicator of child health and decreases are a t 32.2 n 30.0 positive indicator. For Island Health overall, vulnerability e c 31.1 had increased between 2007/2009 and 2011/2013, but has r 30 29.9 e P decreased in the most recent wave. Greater Nanaimo has 29.0 had higher levels of vulnerability for preschool children than Island Health and BC, staying consistent over the last 2004- 2007- 2009- 2011- 2013- few waves. 2007 2009 2011 2013 2016 Greater Nanaimo Island Health BC 4 of 22 Determinants of Health Mothers’ smoking during pregnancy has demonstrated negative effects for both mother and baby. Rates of smoking during pregnancy have been decreasing over the past eight years; across Island Health overall rates have been higher than BC.