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Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States
Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Poisonous Plants of the Southern United States Common Name Genus and Species Page atamasco lily Zephyranthes atamasco 21 bitter sneezeweed Helenium amarum 20 black cherry Prunus serotina 6 black locust Robinia pseudoacacia 14 black nightshade Solanum nigrum 16 bladderpod Glottidium vesicarium 11 bracken fern Pteridium aquilinum 5 buttercup Ranunculus abortivus 9 castor bean Ricinus communis 17 cherry laurel Prunus caroliniana 6 chinaberry Melia azederach 14 choke cherry Prunus virginiana 6 coffee senna Cassia occidentalis 12 common buttonbush Cephalanthus occidentalis 25 common cocklebur Xanthium pensylvanicum 15 common sneezeweed Helenium autumnale 19 common yarrow Achillea millefolium 23 eastern baccharis Baccharis halimifolia 18 fetterbush Leucothoe axillaris 24 fetterbush Leucothoe racemosa 24 fetterbush Leucothoe recurva 24 great laurel Rhododendron maxima 9 hairy vetch Vicia villosa 27 hemp dogbane Apocynum cannabinum 23 horsenettle Solanum carolinense 15 jimsonweed Datura stramonium 8 johnsongrass Sorghum halepense 7 lantana Lantana camara 10 maleberry Lyonia ligustrina 24 Mexican pricklepoppy Argemone mexicana 27 milkweed Asclepias tuberosa 22 mountain laurel Kalmia latifolia 6 mustard Brassica sp . 25 oleander Nerium oleander 10 perilla mint Perilla frutescens 28 poison hemlock Conium maculatum 17 poison ivy Rhus radicans 20 poison oak Rhus toxicodendron 20 poison sumac Rhus vernix 21 pokeberry Phytolacca americana 8 rattlebox Daubentonia punicea 11 red buckeye Aesculus pavia 16 redroot pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus 18 rosebay Rhododendron calawbiense 9 sesbania Sesbania exaltata 12 scotch broom Cytisus scoparius 13 sheep laurel Kalmia angustifolia 6 showy crotalaria Crotalaria spectabilis 5 sicklepod Cassia obtusifolia 12 spotted water hemlock Cicuta maculata 17 St. John's wort Hypericum perforatum 26 stagger grass Amianthum muscaetoxicum 22 sweet clover Melilotus sp . -
MUST KNOW Geography
AP World History Ms. Avar File: Geography MUST KNOW Geography Description You must understand Geography to effectively study world history. Practice and learn the skills in your Geography 101 packet (given to you the first week of school), know the location of world regions and sub regions and be able to identify and locate key nations, landforms and bodies of water listed on this sheet. POLTICAL MAPS Instructions: Neatly locate, outline in color and label ALL of the following countries on your Continent Political maps. Use the world map at end of your textbook, Google Maps and/or worldatlas.com (search by continent) AFRICA North Africa Algeria Egypt East Ethiopia Kenya Libya Morocco Africa Madagascar Somalia Tunisia Sudan Tanzania West Africa Chad Benin Ghana Equatorial Cameroon Rwanda Mali Mauritania Senegal Africa Uganda Sudan Niger Nigeria Central African Republic Togo Cote D’Ivoire Democratic Republic of the Congo Southern Africa Angola Botswana Zimbabwe Zambia Republic of South Africa Mozambique ASIA East Asia Japan China SE Asia Cambodia Indonesia Vietnam North Korea South Korea Myanmar (Burma) Malaysia Thailand Taiwan Mongolia Philippines Singapore Laos South Asia Afghanistan Bangladesh SW Asia / Iran Iraq Turkey India Pakistan Middle East Jordan Israel Nepal Syria Saudi Arabia Central Asia Kazakhstan EUROPE Western France Germany Ireland Eastern Hungary Poland Europe Portugal Spain Switzerland Europe Romania Russia England/Great Britain/United Kingdom “U.K.” Ukraine Serbia Austria Czech Republic Northern Finland Norway Southern -
The History of Fire in the Southern United States
Special Section on Fire Human Ecology The History of Fire in the Southern United States Cynthia Fowler Wofford College Spartanburg, SC1 Evelyn Konopik USDA Forest Service Asheville, NC2 Abstract ern Appalachians, and Ozark-Ouachita Highlands. Using this holistic framework, we consider “both ends of the fire stick” Anthropogenic fires have been a key form of disturbance (Vayda 2005) examining elements of fire use by each cultur- in southern ecosystems for more than 10,000 years. Archae- al group that has inhabited the South and its effects on south- ological and ethnohistorical information reveal general pat- ern ecosystems. terns in fire use during the five major cultural periods in the South; these are Native American prehistory, early European Table 1. Major Periods of Human-Caused Fire Regimes in the settlement, industrialization, fire suppression, and fire man- South agement. Major shifts in cultural traditions are linked to sig- FIRE Native Early Industrial- Fire Fire nificant transitions in fire regimes. A holistic approach to fire REGIME American European ization Suppression Management ecology is necessary for illuminating the multiple, complex Prehistory Settlers links between the cultural history of the South and the evolu- DATES 12,500 BP 1500s AD 1800s to 1920s to 1940s/80s tion of southern ecosystems. The web of connections between to 1500s to1700s 1900s 1940s/1980s to Present history, society, politics, economy, and ecology are inherent AD AD to the phenomena of fire. TYPICAL Low Low Stand Federal Prescribed BURNS intensity intensity replacing lands fires of brush fires brush fires fires set protected mixed Keywords: fire, culture, Native Americans, US South mainly for by loggers from fire intensity and agricultural and farmers frequency A Holistic View of People and Fire purposes Written documents that address fire ecology in the South include more than 380 years of publications, ranging from The Native American Contribution to Prehistoric Fire Smith’s 1625 monograph to Kennard’s 2005 essay. -
East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 Lrrs N and S
East and Central Farming and Forest Region and Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region: 12 LRRs N and S Brad D. Lee and John M. Kabrick 12.1 Introduction snowfall occurs annually in the Ozark Highlands, the Springfield Plateau, and the St. Francois Knobs and Basins The central, unglaciated US east of the Great Plains to the MLRAs. In the southern half of the region, snowfall is Atlantic coast corresponds to the area covered by LRR N uncommon. (East and Central Farming and Forest Region) and S (Atlantic Basin Diversified Farming Region). These regions roughly correspond to the Interior Highlands, Interior Plains, 12.2.2 Physiography Appalachian Highlands, and the Northern Coastal Plains. The topography of this region ranges from broad, gently rolling plains to steep mountains. In the northern portion of 12.2 The Interior Highlands this region, much of the Springfield Plateau and the Ozark Highlands is a dissected plateau that includes gently rolling The Interior Highlands occur within the western portion of plains to steeply sloping hills with narrow valleys. Karst LRR N and includes seven MLRAs including the Ozark topography is common and the region has numerous sink- Highlands (116A), the Springfield Plateau (116B), the St. holes, caves, dry stream valleys, and springs. The region also Francois Knobs and Basins (116C), the Boston Mountains includes many scenic spring-fed rivers and streams con- (117), Arkansas Valley and Ridges (118A and 118B), and taining clear, cold water (Fig. 12.2). The elevation ranges the Ouachita Mountains (119). This region comprises from 90 m in the southeastern side of the region and rises to 176,000 km2 in southern Missouri, northern and western over 520 m on the Springfield Plateau in the western portion Arkansas, and eastern Oklahoma (Fig. -
Climate of the Southeast United States
N$%"',$! C!"#$%& A++&++#&,% R&."',$! T&/),"/$! I,0*% R&0'1% S&1"&+ C!"#$%& '( %)& S'*%)&$+% U,"%&- S%$%&+ VARIABILITY, CHANGE, IMPACTS, AND VULNERABILITY Edited by: Keith T. Ingram Kirstin Dow Lynne Carter Julie Anderson Climate of the Southeast United States Variability, Change, Impacts, and Vulnerability © 2013 Southeast Climate Consortium All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. Reproduction of this report by electronic means for personal and noncommercial purposes ȱĴȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ ȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱȱǯ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱǯ Printed on recycled, acid-free paper ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Citation: ǰȱ ǯǰȱ ǯȱ ǰȱǯȱǰȱ ǯȱǰȱǯȱŘŖŗřǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱDZȱ¢ǰȱǰȱǰȱȱ¢ǯȱȱDZȱ ȱǯ Keywords:ȱȬĴȬȱǰȱǰȱǰȱȱ¢ǰȱ ǰȱǰȱȱǰȱ¢ǰȱȱ ǰȱȱǰȱ climate impacts, climate modeling, climate variability, coastal, drought, education, electric ȱǰȱ¡ȱ ǰȱĚǰȱȱǰȱ£ǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱ ǰȱǰȱȬȱǰȱǰȱǰȱǰȱȱȱ ǰȱȱęǰȱȱǰȱǰȱȱǰȱǰȱȬ ȱ intrusion, sea level rise, silviculture, social vulnerability, Southeast, storm surge, tropical ǰȱǰȱ¢ǰȱǯǯȱȱ ǰȱȬȱǰȱ ȱǰȱ ǰȱ ę ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ¢ȱǰȱǰȱǰȱȱ Tribal Government or Non-governmental entity. Front Cover Images: ȱǰȱ ǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȂȱȱǻǼǯȱȱȱ¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱDZȱ ȱ¢ȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱDzȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱǰȱȱ ǯȱDzȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱDzȱȱ ȱȱȱǻǼȱȱȱ ȱǰȱ ¢ȱȱDzȱȱĚ ȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ ȱDzȱȱȱȱǰȱǰȱǰȱȱĴǯ About This Series This report is published as one of a series of technical inputs to the Third National ȱȱǻǼȱǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱŗşşŖǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ and Congress every four years on the status of climate change science and impacts. The NCA informs the nation about already observed changes, the current status of the climate, and anticipated trends for the future. The NCA report process integrates ęȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱęȱȱ ęȱȱȱȱ ǯȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ- ȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱǯǯȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱȱȂȱǯ ȱȱȱŘŖŗŗǰȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ¡ȱȱ ǰȱȱ¢ǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȬȱ£- ǰȱȱǰȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱ Ĵȱȱȱȱȱǯȱ ȱǰȱȱȱȱǰȱȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱȱȱ input reports highlighting past climate trends, projected climate change, and impacts ȱęȱȱȱȱǯȱȱȱȱȱ ȱȱȱ- ing this technical input. -
Physical Geography of the United States and Canada: a Land of Contrasts S
Chapter 5 Guided Notes _________________________________________________________________________________________ NAME Physical Geography of the United States and Canada: A Land of Contrasts s North America’s vast and varied landscape and abundant resources have attracted immigrants and shaped the development of the United States and Canada. Section 1: Landforms and Resources The United States and Canada have vast lands and abundant resources. These two countries share many of the same landforms. Landscape Influenced Development U.S., Canada: former British colonies, most people speak English Strong economic and political ties with one another Vast Lands Canada second largest country in the world by area; U.S. third Together they cover one-eighth of the earth’s land surface Abundant Resources Landmass and natural resources attract immigrants to both countries U.S. and Canada have developed into global economic powers Many and Varied Landforms All major landforms are found in U.S. and Canada; The two countries share mountain chains and interior plains The Appalachian Highlands Appalachian Mountains run 1,600 miles from Newfoundland to Alabama; More than 400 million years old o include Green and Catskill mountains in the north; Blue Ridge and Great Smoky mountains in the south Erosion has created gentle slopes, peaks from 1,200–2,400 feet The Appalachian Trail is a scenic hiking path along the chain The Interior Lowlands Great Plains extend from Missouri River to Rocky Mountains; Interior Plains extend from Appalachians -
Land Use Legacies and the Future of Southern Appalachia
Society and Natural Resources, 19:175-190 Taylor & Francis Copyright 02006 Taylor & Francis LLC ,,&F,Grn", ISSN: 0894-1920 print/ 1521-0723 online 0 DOI: 10.1080/08941920500394857 Land Use Legacies and the Future of Southern Appalachia TED L. GRAGSON Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA PAUL V. BOLSTAD Department of Forest Resources, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA Southern Appalachian forests have apparently recovered from extractive land use practices during the 19th and 20th centuries, yet the legacy of this use endures in terrestrial and aquatic systems of the region. Thefocus on shallow time or the telling of stories about the past circumscribes the ability to anticipate the most likely out- comes of the trajectory of changeforecast for the Southeast as the "Old South" con- tinues its transformation into the "New South." We review land use research of the Coweeta Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) project that addresses the nature and extent of past andpresent human land use, how land use has affected the struc- ture and function of terrestrial and aquatic communities, and the forces guiding the anticipated trajectory of change. Unlike development in the western or northeastern regions of the United States, the southeastern region has few practical, political, or geographical boundaries to the urban sprawl that is now developing. Keywords aquatic communities, land use, land-use decision making, legacy, reforestation, southern Appalachia, terrestrial communities, urban sprawl In different locations around the world and for diverse reasons, lands once dedicated to extractive use have been abandoned and forest vegetation has expanded (e.g., Foster 1992). -
Landforms and Resources
Name _____________________________ Class _________________ Date __________________ Physical Geography of the United States and Canada Section 1 Landforms and Resources Terms and Names Appalachian Mountains major mountain chain in the eastern United States and Canada Great Plains largely treeless area in the interior lowlands Canadian Shield rocky, flat area that surrounds Hudson Bay Rocky Mountains mountain chain in the western United States and Canada Continental Divide line of the highest points in the Rockies that marks the separation between rivers flowing to the east and to the west Great Lakes five large lakes found in the central United States and Canada Mackenzie River Canada’s longest river Before You Read In the last chapter, you read about human geography–the way humans in general relate to their environment. In this section, you will learn about the physical features and resources of the United States and Canada. As You Read Use a graphic organizer to take notes about the landforms and resources of the United States and Canada. LANDSCAPE INFLUENCED The United States and Canada are rich DEVELOPMENT (Page 117) in natural resources. They have much How vast are these countries? fertile soil and water and many forests and The United States and Canada occupy the minerals. This geographic richness has central and northern four-fifths of the attracted immigrants from around the continent of North America. Culturally, the world for centuries. region is known as Anglo America. This is 1. What binds Canada and the United because both countries were colonies of States together? Great Britain at one time and because most of _______________________________ the people speak English. -
Mountain-Prairie Region 6 Overview of the Service’S Mountain-Prairie Region
U.S. U.S.Fish Fish & Wildlife & Wildlife Service Service Mountain-Prairie Region 6 Overview of the Service’s Mountain-Prairie Region Widgeon Pond at Red Rocks Lake National Wildlife Refuge / USFWS The Mountain-Prairie Region consists of federal agencies such as the Department Regional Demographics 8 states in the heart of the American of Defense. Energy development, ■ Land area: 737,884 square miles west including Colorado, Kansas, agricultural trends and urbanization all (468,573,000 acres) Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, exert influences on the Region’s ■ Population: 15,403,172 (Roughly 2.5 to South Dakota, Utah and Wyoming. The landscapes. 1 urban to rural ratio) region is defined by three distinct ■ Members of Congress: 37 landscapes. In the east lie the central Resource Facts and Figures ■ Federally Recognized Indian Tribes: 40 and northern Great Plains, primarily the ■ Approximately 5,751,358 acres ■ Public land: 137,024,000 acres (federal vast mixed- and short-grass prairies. To protected by the National Wildlife and state) the west rise the Rocky Mountains and Refuge System (NWRS), including ■ Wildlife-dependent recreation: the intermountain areas beyond the both fee title and easement lands. This 7,275,000 people* (hunting, fishing, and Continental Divide, including parts of includes 124 national wildlife refuges, wildlife watching) the sprawling Colorado Plateau and the 18 coordination areas, and numerous * USDA Economic Research Service Great Basin. The northeastern part of waterfowl production areas in 120 **FY 2011 National Survey of Fishing, the Region contains millions of shallow counties through Fiscal Year 2012. Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated wetlands known as the “prairie ■ 2,576,476 visitors to NWRS lands in Recreation potholes,” which produce a large portion Fiscal Year 2012. -
Laurentide Ice Sheet Retreat Around 8000 Years Ago Occurred Over Western Quebec (700-900 Meters/Year)
The retreat chronology of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last 10,000 years and implications for deglacial sea-level rise David Ullman University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Geoscience Author Profile Shortcut URL: https://serc.carleton.edu/59463 Location Continent: North America Country: Canada State/Province:Quebec, Labrador City/Town: UTM coordinates and datum: none Setting Climate Setting: Tectonic setting: Type: Chronology Show caption Show caption Show caption Description Much of the world's population is located along the coasts. In a world of changing climate, the rate of sea level rise will determine the ability of these communities to adapt to sea level rise. Perhaps the greatest uncertainty in sea level rise prediction has to do with amount of water melting off of Earth's major ice sheets. Recent decades have seen an accelerated loss of ice from Greenland and Antarctica. These bodies of ice may be prone to change more rapid than expected. Greenland and Antarctica contain enough frozen water, which, if melted could raise sea level by 70 m, but predictions on the rate at which this sea level rise could occur depend on scientists' understanding of the complex physics of ice flow (and on future climate scenarios). Paleoclimate researchers study past climates in hopes of developing a better understanding of our current and future climates. Similarly, understanding past ice sheets will aid in future prediction of ice sheet change. At the end of the Last Glacial Maximum, roughly 20,000 years ago, much of Earth in the northern hemisphere was covered in vast ice sheets. -
Introduction of Asian Soybean Rust Urediniospores Into the Midwestern United States—A Case Study
Introduction of Asian Soybean Rust Urediniospores into the Midwestern United States—A Case Study Sagar Krupa, Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108; Van Bowersox and Roger Claybrooke, Illinois State Water Survey, National Atmospheric Deposition Program & National Trends Network (NADP & NTN) Programs, Champaign, IL 61820; Charles W. Barnes and Les Szabo, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul, MN 55108; Karen Harlin, Illinois State Water Survey, NADP & NTN Programs, Champaign; and James Kurle, Department of Plant Pathology, Uni- versity of Minnesota, St. Paul size) that obey the laws of gravity or rapid ABSTRACT sedimentation or settling to the surface Krupa, S., Bowersox, V., Claybrooke, R., Barnes, C. W., Szabo, L., Harlin, K., and Kurle, J. once released into the atmosphere. Thus, 2006. Introduction of Asian soybean rust urediniospores into the midwestern United States—a they cannot travel long distances close to case study. Plant Dis. 90:1254-1259. the surface, within the mixed boundary layer (MBL; the atmosphere influenced by In 2005, weekly rain samples collected at 124 National Atmospheric Deposition Pro- surface heat exchange and turbulent mix- gram/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) sites in the eastern and central United States were ing). On the other hand, they can travel screened for Asian soybean rust (ASR; Phakopsora pachyrhizi) urediniospores. Application of a long distances once transported upward quantitative polymerase chain reaction method detected P. pachyrhizi DNA in the filter residue of rain samples collected during the week of 19 to 26 July 2005 in Minnesota, Missouri, and above the variable MBL height into the South Dakota. -
Bent's Fort Teacher Resource Guide-Secondary
Annotated Resource Set (ARS) Bent’s Fort Teacher Resource Guide-Secondary Title / Content Area: Bent’s Fort-US History Developed by: Kelly Jones-Wagy Grade Level: 9-12 Contextual Paragraph Bent’s Fort in southeastern Colorado, built in 1833 by trader and rancher William Bent, was an important trading settlement in the 1830s. Located on the border of Mexico and US territory and in the heart of Native American country, Bent’s Fort was a hub of globalism, international trade, and international relations. Although Bent mysteriously destroyed it in 1852, the fort was rebuilt in 1976 and is now a National Historic Landmark. Bent’s Fort does not typically align with high school curriculum; however, it is an excellent introduction to the Sand Creek Massacre and Manifest Destiny. The Sand Creek Massacre took place on November 29, 1864, in southeastern Colorado. Colonel John Chivington (the hero of the Civil War Battle of Glorieta Pass) attacked an American Indian encampment made up largely of women and children from the Cheyenne and Arapaho tribes. About 200 people were killed in the attack, and Chivington paraded body parts of the dead along the streets of Denver. In 1865 Congress led an investigation into the massacre, but Chivington never faced charges for his role. In addition to its connections to the events at Sand Creek, Bent’s Fort helped open up the American western frontier to settlement. It helped America bring forward the concept of Manifest Destiny. 1 Resource Set Title Primary Source Lesson Map of the upper Great The Dawes Act Johnson's new Ft.