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Download .PDF(2370 Stewart, K.W. & B.C. Kondratieff. 2012. Larvae of the Nearctic species of the stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Illiesia, 8(03):16-36. Available online: http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/papers/Illiesia08-03.pdf LARVAE OF THE NEARCTIC SPECIES OF THE STONEFLY GENUS MEGARCYS KLAPÁLEK (PLECOPTERA: PERLODIDAE) Kenneth W. Stewart1 and Boris C. Kondratieff2 1 Department of Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 305220, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.76203 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A. 80523 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Associated larvae of the five Nearctic species of Megarcys are comparatively described and illustrated. Four of them, Megarcys irregularis Banks, M. subtruncata Hanson, M. watertoni (Ricker), and M. yosemite (Needham & Claassen) are described in detail for the first time. Body size and setation, wingpad macroptery/brachyptery, and gill size were variable between populations of some species. Diagnostic differences were not found in late instar larvae of the five species in color and pigment patterns, mouthparts, body and appendage setation, gill size and structure, and developing male and female genitalia. The detailed descriptions and measurements help expand the generic diagnosis, show morphological differences between populations of different habitats, and provide an atlas of illustrations for larvae of the five species. Keywords: Plecoptera, stonefly larvae, Megarcys, Nearctic INTRODUCTION and M. teslenkonis Zwick 2010, remain unknown. The stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek 1912, VanWieren et.al. (2001) reviewed and presented comprises seven Palearctic and five Nearctic species new updated and detailed descriptions and (DeWalt et al. 2009). Teslenko (2009) reviewed illustrations of adults, eggs, keys to males, females, distributions of three of the Eastern Palearctic and eggs for the five Nearctic species: Megarcys species: M. magnilobus Zhiltzova 1988, M. ochracea irregularis (Banks 1900), Megarcys signata (Hagen Klapálek 1912, and M. pseudochracea Zhiltzova 1977, 1874), Megarcys subtruncata Hanson 1942, Megarcys and presented additional descriptions for larvae of watertoni (Ricker 1952), and Megarcys yosemite M. ochracea and M. magnilobus, first description of (Needham & Claassen 1925). Larvae of M. signata are larvae of M. pseudochracea and a key to larvae of the well known (Stewart & Stark 2002), but those of the three species. Larvae of the remaining three species, other four species have surprisingly never been M. bussoni (Navas 1923), M. sjostedti (Navas 1930), described (Stewart & Stark 2002). Illiesia – http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/ Volume 8 – Number 3 – Page 16 Stewart, K.W. & B.C. Kondratieff. 2012. Larvae of the Nearctic species of the stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Illiesia, 8(03):16-36. Available online: http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/papers/Illiesia08-03.pdf Fig. 1. Brachypterous female Megarcys yosemite, Cold Creek, California. As indicated by Teslenko (2009) for the MATERIALS AND METHODS Palearctic species, and Stewart & Stark (2002) for M. Larvae were associated by rearing or field signata, Megarcys larvae are characterized by the collection with adults from streams where no following combination of features: 1) a pair of congeners were known from repeated collections. simple, finger-shaped gills located on the Specific material studied, measured, and drawn, submentum, supracoxal on the prothorax, and using a Wild M-5 stereomicroscope with drawing anteriorly on both the meso- and metasternum, 2) attachment, is listed in the following species body densely covered with dark clothing hairs, 3) a accounts. In anticipation that color-pigment patterns dorsomesal, longitudinal band of erect silky white might prove diagnostic, comparative color hairs on the thorax and abdomen and behind arms photomicrographs were made of body structures of of the ecdysial suture on the head, 4) Y-arms of the all five species using a Leica MZ125 microscope and mesosternum meeting the anterior corners of the Sony DXC-390 color video camera housed at the furcal pits, and 5) cercal segments with a dorsal University of Wisconsin, Stevens Point. fringe of silky hairs. In response to the pressing Character differences of gill size, structure, and need to increase taxonomic resolution of Plecoptera setation, body pigmentation and chaetotaxy, and larvae to the species level (Stewart & Stark 2002), head-pronotum widths, found in Palearctic larvae by we began in 2005 assembling associated larvae of Teslenko (2009), and used in her key, were a clue for the five Nearctic species of Megarcys from our own our examination of the North American material for collections and those of colleagues for study to possible similar differences. Measurements of head determine if species-level resolution is possible, capsule and pronotal widths, body length, and that would be beneficial for diversity, life history, submental and anterior supracoxal gill lengths were biomonitoring and other basic biological studies. made with a calibrated ocular micrometer. Numbers Illiesia – http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/ Volume 8 – Number 3 – Page 17 Stewart, K.W. & B.C. Kondratieff. 2012. Larvae of the Nearctic species of the stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Illiesia, 8(03):16-36. Available online: http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/papers/Illiesia08-03.pdf Fig. 2. Megarcys signata habitus, South Fork, American River, Utah (Stewart & Stark 2002, Fig. 14.35). of cercal segments were counted and macroptery or Collection, University of North Texas, C. P. Gillette brachyptery of wingpads of pre-emergent individuals Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Colorado State was noted for the different populations studied. University, and Bill P. Stark Collection, Mississippi Material examined is deposited in the K. W. Stewart College, Clinton, Mississippi. Illiesia – http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/ Volume 8 – Number 3 – Page 18 Stewart, K.W. & B.C. Kondratieff. 2012. Larvae of the Nearctic species of the stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Illiesia, 8(03):16-36. Available online: http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/papers/Illiesia08-03.pdf Table 1. Individual or range measurements (mm) and cercal segment numbers of pre-emergent Megarcys larvae from different localities. Megarcys irregularis Megarcys signata WA1 WA2 WA3 CO4 MT5 ♂ wingpads mac mac mac mac brac Head capsule width 3.06-3.12 - 3.80 3.24-3.48 3.24 Pronotal width 3.12 - 2.88 2.76 2.64 Body length 18.3-19.5 - 18.72 16.20-18.48 17.40 SM gill length 0.12-0.45 - 0.30 0.36-0.48 0.36 ASC gill length 0.42 - 0.27-0.30 0.36-042 0.36 No. cercal segments 24-26 - broken 26 26 ♀ wingpads mac mac mac mac mac Head capsule width 4.62 3.90 4.14-4.20 4.20 Pronotal width 4.08 3.36-3.72 3.60-3.72 3.36-3.90 Body length 20.4-24.0 19.5 25.5 - SM gill length 0.36-0.39 0.39-0.45 0.54-0.60 0.60 ASC gill length 0.36 0.36 0.48-0.60 0.45 Megarcys subtruncata Megarcys watertoni Megarcys yosemite CA6 OR7 MT8 MT9 CA10 ♂ Wingpads mac brac brac mac brac Head capsule width 3.78-3.90 3.12-3.48 2.76-3.00 3.72 2.88-3.36 Pronotal width 3.36-3.48 2.94-3.12 2.58-2.64 3.00 2.76-3.30 Body length 17.94-21.6 15.6-16.0 16.08-17.28 20.4 17.64-20.2 SM gill length 0.39-0.54 0.27-0.30 0.24-0.27 0.54-0.57 0.27-0.36 ASC gill length 0.42-0.54 0.21-0.24 0.24-0.27 0.36 0.18-0.30 No. cercal segments 24-26 broken 26 26 24-26 ♀ wingpads mac brac mac mac brac Head capsule width 4.68-4.74 4.20-4.22 3.48- 3.84 4.32-4.38 3.60-3.84 Pronotal width 4.20 4.02-4.26 3.36 3.90 3.54-3.66 Body length 22.2-25.5 19.5-21.2 20.9-22.2 24.30 22.4-22.9 SM gill length 0.54-0.66 0.34-0.36 0.36-0.39 0.66-0.72 0.33-0.45 ASC gill length 0.54-0.60 0.30-0.34 0.33-0.42 0.60-0.66 0.24-0.33 Localities listed in Material Examined for each species: WA1= Washington, Nisqually River, WA2= Washington, Fryingpan Creek, WA3= Washington, White River, CO4= Colorado, Mosquito Creek, MT5=Montana, Pine Creek, CA6= California Butte Creek, OR7=Oregon, Quinn Spring, MT8= Montana, Iceberg Creek, MT9== Montana, Bear Creek, CA10= California, Cold Creek. Brac= brachypterous specimens, mac=macropterous specimens. Illiesia – http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/ Volume 8 – Number 3 – Page 19 Stewart, K.W. & B.C. Kondratieff. 2012. Larvae of the Nearctic species of the stonefly genus Megarcys Klapálek (Plecoptera: Perlodidae). Illiesia, 8(03):16-36. Available online: http://www2.pms-lj.si/illiesia/papers/Illiesia08-03.pdf RESULTS AND DISCUSSION erect silky white hairs (Figs. 18, 19) typical of genus Species Accounts of Larvae and as described by Stewart & Stark (1988, 2002). The following accounts include: 1) known Wingpads of ♂ and ♀ (Figs. 2, 25) macropterous (or distribution (Stark et al. 2009), 2) larval, exuvial and brachypterous in high elevation streams). Gill adult material examined, 3) description of characters, number and arrangement typical of genus (Fig. 61). particularly any that offers definitive or potential Submental gill length ♂ 0.36-0.48mm, ♀ 0.54- population or specific diagnosis, and 4) comments. 0.60mm; anterior supracoxal gill length ♂ 0.36- Particular attention is given to characters studied by 0.42mm, ♀ 0.45-0.0.60mm (shorter in high elevation Teslenko (2009), and similarities and any differences Chasm Lake outlet stream in Rocky Mountain of proposed generic characters based on study of M.
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