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Pegasus Author(S): Edward Champlin Source: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik, Bd. 32 (1978), Pp. 269-278 Published By: Dr

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Pegasus Author(S): Edward Champlin Source: Zeitschrift Für Papyrologie Und Epigraphik, Bd. 32 (1978), Pp. 269-278 Published By: Dr Pegasus Author(s): Edward Champlin Source: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik, Bd. 32 (1978), pp. 269-278 Published by: Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20185579 Accessed: 23/03/2010 17:59 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please contact the publisher regarding any further use of this work. Publisher contact information may be obtained at http://www.jstor.org/action/showPublisher?publisherCode=habelt. Each copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn (Germany) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik. http://www.jstor.org 269 PEGASUS The Roman Jurist Pegasus is one of the enigmas of the principate. He was not only a senator and a consul, but prefect of the city of Rome, and as such a counsellor of the emperor Domitian, yet we know him by his bare and exotic cognomen alone. He was one of the leading jurisconsultsof the classical age of Roman law, head of the Proculian school and so learned that his contemporaries knew him as 'the Book', yet not a single word of his writings survives. Indeed, but for notices in the Digest and in Juvenal and his scholiast, he would have been quite forgotten. Fortunately, an inscription turnedup a decade ago, naming Pegasus as governor of the province of Dalmatia underVespasian, and the fragmented stone yielded the last half of the man's nomen gentilicium: he is now on record as '...tius Pegasus' . That is just enough to begin the reco7nstructionof his biography. ProfessorWilkes, the publisher of the inscription, observed that the missing portion of the stone could hardly have accomodqted more than three additional letters in the gov'ernor's name, and the reader can confirm his observation by inspection of the photograph.2) That considerably narrows the range of possibilities, and in fact there is one combination of three letters precisely which is clearly correct: the juristwas a Plotius Pegasus. Pegasus, recalling the winged horse of mythology, is an unusually rare name under any circumstances, most of all in the senatorial class of Rome, where it is unique to the jurist. The Juvenal scholiast, here a reliable and essentially near-contemporary witness, felt obliged to comment upon it when the jurist appeared in the famousconsilium of the fourth satire: 'filius trierarchi, ex cuius Liburnae parasemo nomen accepit' .3) That is, a future consul and prefect of Rome had been named after his father's ship. Winged beasts of myth are not normally to be looked for in the consular fasti Qf Rome at any time. Besides Pegasus 1) The meagre evidence is gathered by W. Kunkel, Herkunft und soziale Stellung der romischen Juristen2 (1967), 133-134; cf. A.Berger, PW ' Pegasus' . References to the legal writings are collected at Lenel, Palingenesia 11.9-12. The only recent contribution is the highly fanciful essay by E.Marmorale, GIF 18 (1965), 97-106, which is especially vitiated by the author's belief that the Pegasus Augus[talis?] of an inscription at Aletrium was a sodalis Augustalis; see nowG.Paci, Epigraphica 38 (1976), 74-79. 2) Epigraphische Studien 4 (1967), 119-21, with Tafel 7, = AE 1967.355 (Zadar). 3) Schol. ad IV.77. G.B.Townend has successfully resurrected a scholiast contemporary with the poet whose hand may be discerned in the scholicon I through VI (including this passage): CQ 22 (1972), 376-387. Theman's forte was prosopography. 270 E . C h a m p in there is only one other example to be found, in the equally extraordinary name of an equestrian partisan of Vespasian who rose to the consulship in 88, D.Plotius Grypus, the griffin.4) Thuswe are faced with the coincidence of two contemporarygentlemen of the Flavian era, both of non-senatorial birth and both consuls; one a Plotius and the other a ...tius; one named after the fabulouswinged horse, the other after an equally fabulous beast, part eagle, part lion. Winged beasts, swift and powerful, are apt symbols of the might of the Roman navy. Pegasus would be one obvious choice for the name of a ship. As it happens, no such vessel stands on record in the imperial fleet, but there is no reason to doubt the scholiast, and the name does turnup (suggestively perhaps) as that of a warship in an epic on the PunicWars composed by a consular contemporary of the jurist. As for Grypus, there was a vessel of that name in the classis Syriaca. Surely the trierarch father 5) of Pegasus named not one son but two after his commands. The nomen Plotius is certainly well attested in naval circles, and we can even produce a trierarch by the name of M.Plotius Paulus qui et Zosimus, resident in or dying at'Rome. 6) Also, as the Grypus was attached to the Syrian fleet, we should note the trierarchAntonius Plotianus who set up a funerarydedication at Seleucia Pieria, the base of that fleet, to his friend, the Italian Annius Herculanus, late navarch of the Misenine fleet. 7) And it would be criminal to omit the freedwoman at Rome, Plotia C.l. Thalassa.8) Various considerations support the identification of Pegasus as a member of the gens Plotia. First, used as a Roman cognomen the name is exceptionally rare, and the gentilicia attested with it can be quickly examined. Three are exceedingly common, that is, lulius and Aelius, both imperial names, and Cornelius, representing the largest by far of the great patrician gentes of the republic. ) There is only one other on record, and it is incomparably less common thanthe other three: a soldier of the fifth cohort of vigiles at Rome under Septimius Severus bears the unique name of A. Plautius Pegasus. 10) It would be difficult to 4) Below, n.31. 5) The Pegasus: Silius Italicus, Pun. 14.576. The Grypus: CIL 111.434. Pegasi and Grypi form a natural pair, cf. Pliny NH 10.136: 'Pegasos equino capite volucres et gryphos -auritos ac dira aduncitate rostri fabulosos reor. 6) CILVI.3621. 7) IGLS 1155. 8) ILS8422. 9) CIL V1I1.128 (lulius); 111.4150, cf. V1.10889 (Aelius); Xll.1297 (Cornelius). 10) CIL VI. 1057.3.44 (A.D. 205?). Pegasus 271 argue coincidence: the man should be the descendant of a client of the great jurist, possibly even a descendant of the jurist himself. The spelling of the name offers no problem, for Plautius and Plotius are as interchangeable as Claudius and Clodius. There is good evidence that the name of a single person could be spelled indifferently in either fashion, and (most relevantly) there are two senators of the second century, a Plotius lulianus and a D.Plautius Felix lulianus, who are clearly connected not only to each other but to the brothers Pegasus and Grypus aswell.11) As it happens, the more vulgar formhad good authority in the Flavian age, for Vespasian himself was inclined to use 'plostra' for 'plaustra' . 12) Next, the proconsul of Cyprus in the year 81/82 is recorded by an inscription (now lost) as L.Plotius P.... 13) He is usually, if hesitantly, identified as an unknown son of the Claudian praetor P. Plautius Pulcher, a scion of the noble family of the Plautii Silvani. This ismost unlikely. ' Lucius' is a praenomen quite unknown to the Plautii Silvani, or to the republicanClaudii Pulchri fromwhom P. Pulcher clearly derived his name. Much more likely, then, a Plotius ..:.P -should be the homonymous son of Ptotius Pegasus, who was just then at the height of his power. In that case, the full name of the jurist might be restored as L. (?) Plotius Pegasus. Finally, there is a Roman jurisconsultof the same era known simply as Plautius, who is demonstrably 'fere aequalis Pegasi' . 14) The coincidence of a Flavian juristPlautius and a Flavian juristPlotius Pegasus is highly suggestive. Jurisprudence tends to run in families, the grand example being the IAcii Scaevolae of the republic, who produced no fewer than six jurisconsults: the high incidence of relationship by blood and marriage among the members of a small profession remains to be investigated in detail.15) With reference particularly to Pegasus, it is interesting that he was preceded in his school by the Coccei Nervae, pater and filius, and succeeded immediately by the luventii Celsi, pater and 11) Plautius/Plotius: PW 'Plautius' (F.MUnzer). luliani: see below. 12) Suetonius, DV 22. 13) CIL 111.6732 (cf. AE 1953.179). ' Lucius' does appear in the Plautii Silvani, but only at a late date and through the connection with the Aelii Lamiae: L.Aelius Plautius LamiaAelianus, cos.80. Plautius Pulcher (ILS964) had no Aelian connection. 14) Kunkel, 134. Fragmentsat Lenel, Palingenesia 11.13-14. 15) Note the recurrence of names among the jurists collected by Kunkel, to w*ich one should add connections by marriage, e.g.
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