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Vegetative Structure and Zonal Distribution of True Mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan Coastal Areas, Myanmar

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Vegetative Structure and Zonal Distribution of True Mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan Coastal Areas, Myanmar Journal of Aquaculture & Marine Biology Research Article Open Access Vegetative structure and zonal distribution of true mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas, Myanmar Abstract Volume 10 Issue 1 - 2021 The survey was conducted in the mangrove forests around the Magyi and Utto Creeks at 1 2 Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas in Ayeyarwady Delta region, April 2018. Transect lines Soe-Win, Tin-Zar-Ni-Win 1Department of Marine Science, Mawlamyine University, were laid as lower, middle and upper, and quadrate plots based on Point Center Quarter Myanmar Method (PCQM) P-DATA PRO were used. A total of 15 species of true mangrove was 2Marine Biologist, Fauna & Flora International (FFI), Myanmar recorded. Rhizophora apiculata and Bruguiera gymnorhiza are the most dominant and distributed species in the study area. Followed by Bruguiera sexangulata, Cerop tagal and Correspondence: Soe-Win, Marine Science, Mawlamyine Rhizophora mucronata then remaining species. Zonation pattern of mangroves species as University, Myanmar, Email lower, middle, upper was also examined in study areas. Among than 1 species in Near Threaten (NT), 1 species in Critically Endangered (CR), 1 species in Endangered (EN) and Received: January 29, 2021 | Published: February 26, 2021 remaining species are Least Concern (LC) had been considered according with IUCN red list. The environmental parameters such as water salinity and temperature, soil salinity, soil temperature and soil pH of study area were also recorded. Keyword: ayeyarwady region, environmental parameters, lowers, magyi and utto creek, middle, mangrove forest, shwe-thaung-yan coastal, transect lines, upper, zonal pattern Introduction Utto tidal creeks, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas. The transect lines were measured by using diameter tape in meter. The distances and Myanmar has along coastline which is 2832km and can be divided intervals of each transect were shown in Table 1.Totally, 15 sampling into three coastal areas. The Rakhine Coastal Region (from the plots were set up in each transect. The measurement of plot is 10m2, mouth of Naaf River to Maw Tin Point, about 740km length), the respectively. Each plot subdivided into four quadrants. Only one of Ayeyarwady Delta and the Gulf of Mottama Coastal Region (Maw Tin nearest tree was recorded in each quadrant. The data of vegetation was Point to the Gulf of Mottama, about 460km in length) and Tanninthayi recorded by using Point Center Quarter Method (PCQM) according Coastal Region (from the Gulf of Mottama to the mouth of Pakchan to Dahdouh-Guebas, F and Koedan.1 Then, the variable parameters River, about1200km length), extending along the Bay of Bengal and such as the stem density (De), basal area (Ba) for each species and for Andaman Sea. There are estuaries with deltaic systems, and numerous entire mangrove stand, the complexity index (C.I), the relative density offshore islands along with a considerable diversity of coastal habitats, (Der), the relative dominance (Dor), the relative frequency (Fr) and including mangroves, seagrass meadows, Coral reefs, sandy beaches the importance value (I.V) for each species were calculated by using and mudflats along the three Coastal Regions of Myanmar. Microsoft Excel-base Workbook P-DATA-PRO_1000 (Version 5.01) Myanmar has the fourth largest expense of mangrove area software. For all recorded mangrove species: flower, fruit, bud, leave, in Southeast Asia after Malaysia, Bangladesh and Papua New root and stem were recorded by using digital camera. The location of Guinea. Myanmar possesses 4% of world mangroves, and 8.8% of study areas were marked by using GPS for each transects line in the Southeast Asia mangroves. In these mangroves, 46% are including in study areas. The environmental parameters such as soil temperature, Ayeyarwady, 37% in Taninthayi and 17% in Rakhine. So mangrove soil salinity, water salinity, and water temperature and soil pH were forest area greatest in Ayeyarwady Delta. measured at the field immediately. (Figure 2-5). Mangroves of Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal zone dominant along Results and discussion the deltaic areas of the Magyi and Utto tidal creeks. The distance In the present study area, a total of 15 species belong to 9 genera of Magyi tidal creek and Utto creek has nine miles and seven miles from 7 families of true woody mangrove plants in the Magyi and respectively. Today, mangrove forests in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal Utto tidal creeks, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas were recorded areas are being degraded and destroyed on a larger scale through the .They are 7 species from family Rhizophoraceae, 3 species in family natural disturbance and anthropogenic activities such as transforming Avicenniaceae, one species were recorded in families Sonneratiaceae, to agriculture land, aquaculture ponds, salt pond/land etc, which are Meliaceae and Steruliaceae, Arecaceae and Combretaceae at Magyi major causes of their degradation land loss of mangrove ecosystem. and Utto creeks, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas. The Systematic The objective of this study is to know vegetative structure and positions of classification of recorded species were described in Table zonal distribution of true mangrove species in Shwe-Thaung-Yan 2. coastal areas. The mangrove ecosystem in the tropical regions, along coastal Material and methods shorelines and associated is important for many flora and fauna. The present study was conducted at two stations which represented The present study was conducted in the mangrove forest around different mangrove types in upper, middle and lower zones. The Magyi tidal creek (Lat12.34º 15’72” N, Long 94.29º 46’27”E) in April present study deals with the occurrence, composition and vegetative 2018(Figure 1). A total of six random transects were set up based on the structure of true mangrove in Magyi and Utto Creeks, Shwe-Thaung- different forest conditions such as upper, middle, lower at Magyi and Yan coastal area. Submit Manuscript | http://medcraveonline.com J Aquac Mar Biol. 2021;10(1):33‒39. 33 ©2021 Soe-Win et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and build upon your work non-commercially. Vegetative structure and zonal distribution of true mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas, Copyright: 34 Myanmar ©2021 Soe-Win et al. Figure 4 Zonal distribution of number of mangroves species in the study Figure 1 Map showing the location of study area: Magyi and Utto tidal creek, sites. Shwe-Thaung-Yan Area. Figure 5 Forest parameter of different mangrove species at study sites. IV, Important Value; RF, Relative Dominance; Rd, Relative dominance; RD, Relative Density; BA, Basal Area. There are many previous studies in Myeik and Ayeyarwady delta Area. Among them, a total of about 50 species of mangrove,2 the zonation of true and associate mangrove species distribution,3 Figure 2 The location, distance of transects, and plot interval of each transect botanical study of importance of mangrove ecosystem for conservation around the Magyi and Utto tidal creeks mangrove, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal and Management purpose,4 44 species of mangrove including true Area. and associate species of mangroves5 and 30 species including true mangrove and mangrove associates6 were recorded in Myeik Coastal area. Moreover, the zonation pattern of mangrove in Magyi Tidal Creek by using transect lines method7, species composition and zonation pattern of mangrove of kandon-kani, Amherst and Setse areas,8 the mangrove reforestation from the Ayeyarwady Delta.9 The species composition, zonation and succession of mangrove community along the Magyi coastal area.10 In some cases, zonation may be very irregular or restricted to a particular part of the tidal gradient.11 Similarly, the zone of study sites termed as upper, middle and lower zone. A total of 15 species of true mangrove were observed in the .present study in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal area were distributed, Transet 1, 3 and 5 were measured at Magyi creek and Transects 2,4 and 6 were measured at Utto tidal creek. According to the zonal species distribution, the same zonal species distribution in Magyi, but the highest species were found in middle and lowest species in lower zone in Utto tidal creek. Two species Figure 3 Species composition of mangrove in the Magyi and Utto creek,Shwe- of Bruguiera mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata were distributed Thaung-Yan coastal areas. all the study sites. And then followed Bruguiera sexangular,Cerop tagal and Rhizophora mucronata were zonal distributed. Avicennia Citation: Soe-Win, Tin-Zar-Ni-Win. Vegetative structure and zonal distribution of true mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas, Myanmar. J Aquac Mar Biol. 2021;10(1):33‒39. DOI: 10.15406/jamb.2021.10.00305 Vegetative structure and zonal distribution of true mangroves in Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas, Copyright: 35 Myanmar ©2021 Soe-Win et al. alba, Cerops dencandra,Lumnizera littorea, Sonneratia alba and Xylocarpus granatum were also lower zonal distribution and then Xylocarpus granatum were upper zonal distributed while ,Bruguiera Avicennia alba, A.marina , A.officinalis were distributed only at the cylindrical, Cerops dencandra,Nypa frutican,Heritiera forms and middle zone. Table 1 The location, distance of transect, and plot interval of each transect around the Magyi and Utto tidal creek mangroves, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal Area Sr. No. Transect Latitude Longitude Distance (m) Plot Interval (m) 1 T -1 17º 32' 83" N 94º 27´ 51" E 450 30 2 T -2 17º 42' 75" N 94º 29´ 91" E 450 30 3 T -3 17º 42' 69" N 94º 28´ 21" E 450 30 4 T -4 17º 40' 26" N 94º 28´ 46" E 450 30 5 T -5 17º 35' 16" N 94º 27´ 33" E 450 30 6 T -6 17º 43' 81" N 94º 28´ 19" E 450 30 Table 2 Classification list of true mangrove species in Magyi and Utto tidal creeks, Shwe-Thaung-Yan coastal areas Family Genus Sr.
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