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Hilgard Hall The University of California, Berkeley Hilgard Hall Historic structure report The University of California, Berkeley Hilgard Hall HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT Contents IntroductIon ....................................................................................7 analysIs of HIstorIc sIgnIfIcance .............................83 purpose and scope ................................................................... 9 existing Historic status..........................................................84 subject of this study ...............................................................12 evaluation of significance ....................................................84 Methodology ................................................................................12 integrity .........................................................................................86 preparers ........................................................................................15 Areas of significance ..............................................................89 exterior ......................................................................................... 90 HIstorIcal context ..................................................................17 interior ........................................................................................... 90 early History of Berkeley: 1820-1859 ...............................19 significance of elements and Materials ........................92 college of california: 1860-1868 ...................................... 20 recommendatIons .....................................................................97 early physical Development of the Berkeley campus .......................................................................21 college of Natural resources Master plan ...................98 early Agricultural Goals and Facilities ...........................22 Landscape .................................................................................98 the Hearst plan .........................................................................24 Architectural: exterior ............................................................98 Development of the Agriculture complex ...................27 exterior Features ......................................................................99 planning Design and constructiion Architectural: interior .......................................................... 100 of Hilgard Hall .............................................................................28 Materials and Features .........................................................102 site History and character ..................................................31 Life safety ..................................................................................102 eugene Hilgard ..........................................................................36 Accessibility...............................................................................103 construction of Hilgard Hall................................................38 summary of significance and construction chronology .....................................................45 recommendations .................................................................103 John Galen Howard .................................................................47 conclusIon ....................................................................................107 descrIptIon & condItIons assessment ....................51 BIBlIograpHy .................................................................................111 site and Landscape .................................................................52 appendIx ............................................................................................115 exterior Description ................................................................56 interior .............................................................................................61 A. Additional Historic photographs B. Selected original Drawings Materials and Features ...........................................................67 c. Selected renovation Drawings condition ......................................................................................77 D. Room-by-room inventory Forms e. Significance Diagrams Introduction Courtesy of The Bancroft Library. University of California, Berkeley. PURPOSE AND SCOPE Knapp Architects prepared this historic structure report (HSR) for the College of Natural Resources and the Office of Physical and Environmental Planning of the University of California, Berkeley. The purpose of this HSR is to provide a single reference resource for the building, and to inform and assist future development of the building as described in the College of Natural Resources Master Plan. An HSR is commonly prepared to evaluate the existing conditions and historic status of a potential historic resource prior to the commencement of any major rehabilitation, restoration, or any other work that may affect the resource. According to the National Park Service’s cultural management guidelines: A Historic Structure Report (HSR) is prepared whenever there is to be a major intervention into historic structures or where activities are programmed that affect the qualities and characteristics that make the property eligible for inclusion in the National Register. The report consists of the collection, presentation, and evaluation of anthropological/archeological, historical and architectural/engineering research findings on a historic or pre- historic structure, and their setting…It analyzes and records all periods of construction (not just significant periods), modifications, source materials, 1 building techniques, other evidence of use, and setting. Roundel on west elevation, detail. Knapp. 1 “NPS-28: Cultural Resource Management Guideline:” UC Berkeley 2020 LRDP EIR Continuing Best Practice CUL-2-a states in part: “If a project could cause a substantial adverse change in features that convey the significance of a primary or secondary resource, an Historic Structures Assessment (HSA) would be prepared.” University of California, Berkeley 2020 LRDP EIR, Volume 1, 4.4-54. HILGARD HALL HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT KNAPP ARCHITECTS 9 While the site is considered, especially in relation to the original design of the building, this report emphasizes architecture far more. Hilgard Hall is part of the Agriculture Complex, a trio that is the most unified grouping of buildings on the campus. Wellman Hall, designed by John Galen Howard, was completed in 1912 as the first of the three buildings. Hilgard Hall, also designed by Howard, followed in 1917 and Giannini Hall, designed by William C. Hays to be compatible with the two existing buildings, completed the east leg of the grouping in 1930. Built for the University’s College of Agriculture and named in honor of Eugene. W. Hilgard (1833-1916), professor of agriculture and botany, Hilgard Hall remains historically tied to it and its successor, the College of Natural Resources. Hilgard Hall is listed in the National Register of Historic Places as part of the 1977 multiple resource nomination which encompassed 17 of the most significant historical resources on the campus. It is significant at the state level for its association with important events and construction/design values. The building is a remarkable example of the classicist design principles which distinguish the work of John Galen Howard. Along with Wellman and Giannini Halls, it forms the Agriculture Complex which still conveys the design ideals of Howard and his forerunner, Emile Benard, which shaped the University of California campus as we know it. John Galen Howard’s 1917 revised sketch for the Agriculture Group; Hilgard Hall in the foreground, with Agriculture (now Wellman) Hall behind it, and Giannini Hall at the rear of the three buildings. Courtesy of John Galen Howard Collection, Environmental Design Archives, University of California, Berkeley. 10 KNAPP ARCHITECTS HILGARD HALL HISTORIC STRUCTURE REPORT The exterior of Hilgard Hall embodies design motifs which have characterized much of Western Architecture: symmetry, proportion, order, and the use of traditional ornament and imagery. While the building uses many of the devices found on Howard’s monumental designs, it is noteworthy for its small size, making its basic massing an exercise in proportion which would not be possible on buildings like Doe Memorial Library and California Memorial Stadium. Except for the disabled access ramp to the basement, the building has seen no major exterior modifications since its construction. The interior of Hilgard Hall illustrates a rational, straightforward Beaux- Arts approach to circulation, program, and interior spaces. This HSR includes five chapters, a bibliography, and an appendix. Following the Introduction is the Historical Context, which provides historical background on the founding of the University of California, the College of Natural Resources, a history of the site, and the design of the Agriculture Complex and Hilgard Hall. This chapter also includes brief biographies of Eugene Hilgard and architect John Galen Howard. The Description & Conditions Assessment contains a concise description of the building and its landscaping; detailed inventory forms are included in Appendix A. The following chapter, Analysis of Historic Significance, describes the significance of each section of the building as well as its constituent materials, features, and spaces. Significance
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