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New York's Offshore Wind Energy Development

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New York's Offshore Wind Energy Development NEW YORK’S OFFSHORE WIND ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POTENTIAL IN THE GREAT LAKES: FEASIBILITY STUDY Submitted To: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority 17 Columbia Circle Albany, New York 12203 Submitted By: AWS Truewind, LLC 463 New Karner Road Albany, New York 12205 Ph: 518-213-0044 Fax: 518-213-0045 Classification: FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Review Standard: SENIOR STAFF Rev. 2 Date: September 2010 New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, AWS Truewind, Rev. 2, September 2010 Page | 1 New York’s Offshore Wind Energy Development Potential in the Great Lakes Foreword This feasibility study was prepared by AWS Truewind on behalf of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) under the PON 995, Agreement 9998. NYSERDA is a public benefit corporation created in 1975 under Article 8, Title 9 of the State Public Authorities Law through the reconstitution of the New York State Atomic and Space Development Authority. This publication assesses the feasibility of offshore wind development in New York’s Great Lake waters, and identifies the major areas of study associated with development. AWS Truewind would like to acknowledge the New York Power Authority for supporting the effort to make this study more comprehensive than originally planned. The principal authors were Matthew Filippelli, Jeffrey Freedman, Esq., PhD, Steven Hatlee, and Peter Johnson of AWS Truewind. Contributing authors were Bruce Bailey, PhD, Jennifer Manley, Marie Schnitzer, and Whitney Wilson, also of AWS Truewind. The aviation analysis was conducted by Gary M. Allen and Kevin Justis of Aviation Systems, Inc. © 2010 AWS Truewind, LLC. NOTICE: The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect those of NYSERDA, or the State of New York, and reference to any specific product, service, process, or method does not constitute an implied or expressed recommendation or endorsement. Further, NYSERDA, the State of New York, and the contractor make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods, or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. NYSERDA, the State of New York, and the contractor make no representation that the use of any product, apparatus, process, method, or other information will not infringe privately owned rights and will assume no liability for any loss, injury, or damage resulting from, or occurring in connection with, the use of information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this report. Key to Document Classification Strictly Confidential For recipients only Confidential May be shared within client’s organization AWS Truewind Only Not to be distributed outside AWS Truewind Client’s Discretion Distribution at the client’s discretion For Public Release No restriction Key to Review Standard Standard Standard review level Senior Staff Reviewed by senior staff Due Diligence Highest level of scrutiny New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, AWS Truewind, Rev. 2, September 2010 Page | 2 New York’s Offshore Wind Energy Development Potential in the Great Lakes Executive Summary This report, which was prepared on behalf of the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), assesses the technical and economic feasibility of future offshore wind development in New York’s Great Lake waters. These waters are comprised of over 9200 sq. km in Lake Ontario and 1500 sq. km in Lake Erie, and form a coastline that extends for a combined 980 km. Interest in the potential for offshore wind energy development in the Great Lakes has grown sharply in recent years. This is due to a number of factors, including public demand for more sources of clean and renewable energy, state policy initiatives and incentives, and the prospect of new economic development opportunities. In addition, the wind resource over the lakes is much more energetic than over most of the state’s land area. As a response to the heightened interest in Great Lakes offshore wind development, this report’s intent is to provide background information and analysis on a broad range of relevant state-specific issues for the benefit of a variety of potential stakeholders. This report’s approach consisted of a desktop investigation of parameters affecting the feasibility of offshore wind development in New York’s Great Lake waters. The investigation relied on existing data sources describing the state’s coastal and offshore resources, the documented experiences of others with offshore development, and the characteristics of offshore wind energy technology. The study is intended to assess the general feasibility of offshore wind energy development in the vicinity of the Great Lakes coastline, addressing various physical, technical, environmental, regulatory, and commercial considerations. The assessment acknowledges some of the lakes’ unique characteristics relative to offshore experience elsewhere, such as lake ice development in winter and construction vessel size limitations. Specific topics include: • Global offshore wind development activity and technology, including wind turbine and foundation types • Geophysical lake conditions, including winds, waves, water depths, ice, and bottom geology • Wildlife • Existing lake uses such as vessel traffic and commercial/recreational fishing • Existing adjacent land uses and infrastructure availability to support offshore wind development • Siting considerations • Legal jurisdictions, including a summary of federal and state approvals, reviews, and permits • Economics Many water and land use considerations are presented as maps. These and other considerations were analyzed to identify preliminary offshore wind development areas in both lakes. Screening factors included in this preliminary siting assessment included minimum annual average wind speed (7.5 m/s at 80 m), maximum water depth (45 m), and avoidance of shipping lanes. Recommendations for more in-depth investigations are given to fully assess the feasibility of offshore wind energy development in New York’s Great Lake waters. New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, AWS Truewind, Rev. 2, September 2010 Page | 3 New York’s Offshore Wind Energy Development Potential in the Great Lakes Table of Contents Foreword _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 Key to Document Classification _________________________________________________________________ 1 Key to Review Standard _______________________________________________________________________ 1 Executive Summary _____________________________________________________________________________ 2 Table of Contents ______________________________________________________________________________ 3 List of Figures __________________________________________________________________________________ 5 List of Tables __________________________________________________________________________________ 6 List of Maps ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7 1.0. Introduction ___________________________________________________________________________ 8 1.1. Objective and Scope __________________________________________________________________ 8 1.2. Approach ___________________________________________________________________________ 9 1.3. Chapter Summary ___________________________________________________________________ 11 2.0. Background ___________________________________________________________________________ 14 2.1. Recent History ______________________________________________________________________ 14 2.2. Benefits and Advantages of Offshore Wind _______________________________________________ 15 2.3. Challenges and Considerations of Offshore Wind __________________________________________ 17 3.0. Offshore Wind Technology_______________________________________________________________ 20 3.1. Design Requirements ________________________________________________________________ 20 3.2. Overview of Wind Plant Components ____________________________________________________ 28 3.3. Layout Considerations ________________________________________________________________ 42 3.4. Summary __________________________________________________________________________ 44 4.0. Physical and Climatic Parameters of Lake Erie _______________________________________________ 45 4.1. Geology and Bottom Types ____________________________________________________________ 45 4.2. Physical Lake Characteristics ___________________________________________________________ 46 4.3. Climatology ________________________________________________________________________ 50 4.4. Physical Lake Parameter Comparison Table _______________________________________________ 55 4.5. Maps ______________________________________________________________________________ 55 5.0. Physical and Climatic Parameters of Lake Ontario ____________________________________________ 60 5.1. Geology and Bottom Types ____________________________________________________________ 60 5.2. Physical Lake Characteristics ___________________________________________________________ 61 5.3. Climatology ________________________________________________________________________ 65 5.4. Physical Lake Parameter Comparison Table _______________________________________________ 70 5.5. Maps ______________________________________________________________________________
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