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Hope in Those Places of Struggle: a Critical Exploration of Black Students' Agency in One Place-Based and One African-Centered Elementary School

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Hope in Those Places of Struggle: a Critical Exploration of Black Students' Agency in One Place-Based and One African-Centered Elementary School Hope in Those Places of Struggle: A Critical Exploration of Black Students' Agency in One Place-based and One African-centered Elementary School by Natalie R. Davis A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Educational Studies) in the University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor Carla O’Connor, Chair Assistant Professor Michelle J. Bellino Associate Professor Robert J. Jagers Professor Elizabeth Birr Moje Professor Alford A. Young, Jr. Natalie R. Davis [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6215-7861 © Natalie R. Davis 2017 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my grandfather, Gladstone Roy Stair. My hero. Originator and sustainer of my first and forever home. The best example of consistency, dedication and honor that I know. You saw the light and the fire and let it be so that it could grow. I hope you see in me and in this project all of the best lessons you’ve taught me: Stay busy Work hard and ever forward Keep your head in the books Choose what is right always, without hesitation Talk less, do more Doing my due diligence so that I can one day too not worry about anything --because I taught, worked and lived with purpose and principles. ii Acknowledgements These acknowledgements necessarily come with a disclaimer- they are insufficient. This project was made possible through the generosity, support, love and sacrifices of so many; through the “sweat of love” and the “blood of infinity”. Assata Shakur’s Affirmation is one that I often relied on as I embarked on this process. And so, it is fitting that I use her words to help me convey my most sincere appreciation for those who nurtured, taught, affirmed and restored me prior to and during the dissertation stage. i believe in living. i believe in the spectrum of Beta days and Gamma people. i believe in sunshine. In windmills and waterfalls, tricycles and rocking chairs; And i believe that seeds grow into sprouts. And sprouts grow into trees. […] To my nearest ancestors whom I lost in the earlier stages of my program: Sybil May Stair, My grandma – Thank you for making sure my belly was full every day before school. For washing and ironing my uniforms and hanging them neatly on the closet door. For picking me up every day on time. For bringing me lunches when I forgot mine at home. I never had to worry about being clean or hungry or cared for. My only job was to sit down at my desk and learn. Your love and sacrifices laid the foundation for my academic success. Patricia Ann Stair, my dear aunt who sparked and fed my love of reading. For every book you bought (there were many), every time you listened to my complaints (there were also many), I thank you. You showed me how easy it is to love and marvel at children who are not technically your own. I know that you wanted me to write a picture book for children, I hope this book for and about children suffices for now. Though I can’t invoke all of your names- Asante Sana to all of my distant ancestors and freedom fighters whose triumphs and struggles paved the way for possibility through me. i believe in the magic of the hands. And in the wisdom of the eyes. i believe in rain and tears. And in the blood of infinity. To my mommy- Always reppin’ her baby. Cooley High’s own and my actual cheerleader. The first person who celebrated me a writer and in the process, showed me that just like hands, words can heal. I love you fiercely. iii To my blood/sis/Nicki, the teammate who has wiped most of tears since forever, I can never thank you enough for your patience, wisdom and unrelenting faith in my abilities. You know me better than I know myself and knew that I’d rise to the occasion. And, if i know anything at all, it's that a wall is just a wall and nothing more at all. It can be broken down. To my fabulous chair and the members of the best committee I could ever ask for, I thank you for shepherding me through this process and reminding me that this process would be finite and imperfect. Most of all, I feel grateful to have been given to space to do my own work in my own way-- Professor Carla O’Connor, for believing in me and my ability to do good, compelling work. For all of the many ways that you’ve gone above and beyond the charge to mentor me, help me to develop professionally and navigate the academic landscape. For always holding me accountable to the highest of standard of excellence but with patience, and warmth and genuine regard for my well-being. I continue to be in awe of your brilliance and flair. Professor Michelle Bellino, for your refreshing enthusiasm and for being a thought-partner at all stages of this work. I feel grateful to have had the opportunity to work with you and learn from your careful and engaged scholarship. Professor Robert Jagers, for “taking me in” and affording me early opportunities to connect with like-minded students and on projects highly-aligned with my scholarly interests. I appreciate your ability to be consistent and unapologetic in your commitments and hope that this work reflects the many things I’ve learned from you. Professor Elizabeth Moje, who allowed me to make a diorama and clay model in one of my very first graduate student courses and thus set me on the path of thinking creatively and colorfully about youth and culture. Thank you for being an early supporter of my endeavors and for pushing me to always consider how young people shape (& are not only shaped by) environments. And finally, Professor Alford Young Jr., who introduced me to this world back in 2007 and inspired me to consider and pursue the PhD. Honestly, if not for that positive experience I doubt that I’d be here. Thank you for giving me my first insights on qualitative research, which I continue to draw upon in the present. Though not a part of the dream team/my committee, I’d be remiss to not also acknowledge Professors Maria Rivera-Maulucci, David Cohen, Deborah Ball, Yazir Henry, Donald Peurach, Enid Rosario-Ramos, Henry Meares and Sandy Grande, all of whom either paved the way for my graduate student journey and/or shaped my graduate school/teaching experiences for the better. i believe in living i believe in birth. i believe in the sweat of love and in the fire of truth. To Destiny [insert a “really, Auntie Nat Nat??”] …yes, really- For being a joy and a light during dark times. And, to the best family in the world: Robert, Brian, Michael +Mikey, Nola, my late iv Uncle Gerald, Aunt Joy and more. Thank you for being exactly who you are, always supportive, always committed. We are small but mighty. To Kelli, who lifted me in prayer and love that spanned hemispheres. My long-time, best and forever friend, always an example of grace, dynamism and persistence. Thanks boo. To my brothers/sisters in the struggle, near/ far and too many to name + My thoRhobred sorors, especially Glen, Kenya, Tiffany and Ty who kept a watchful eye at various stages as sisters do. And i believe that a lost ship, steered by tired, seasick sailors, can still be guided home to port. To my grad student family who helped keep me in the game when I felt lost and tired- I could not have done this without you. Alaina, the sister, confidant and bae I never thought I’d gain. My literal partner in crime and kindred spirit in scholarship and in life. And Alistair, my cohort fav and dear friend. Thank you for being unrelenting in your encouragement, sage in your advice and for helping me to maintain balance always. Ya’ll are the truest homies. To other special peeps and dynamic women I feel blessed to have come to know in graduate school: Tabitha, Kelly S., Yasmin, Shana, Martha, Stephanie, Jennifer, Kim and of course, my flyyy friend Casta. Casta, special acknowledgement for providing clarity and affirmation (often without even knowing) on topics directly related to this study. I know there are others, please charge it to my head and not my heart. My scholarly circle has grown immensely during this journey. Shout out to some of the dopest up and coming scholars who provided friendship, and served as exemplars in the earliest stages: Faheemah (team rogue and team hustle hard), Elan, Karryll, Kelly M., Shanta and many more. I would be remiss to not acknowledge the School of Education and Rackham Graduate School, with all of its staff (past and present, esp- Byron Coleman, Angie Snow, John Moje, Lyonel Milton) for their tremendous support and/or for curating generative professional development opportunities. I recognize that my experience as a Rackham Merit Fellowship is not the norm for doctoral students. Your generosity allowed me to think big, coordinate and engage in deep work without financial worry. To my students, past and present, the Damayantis and Jalyens and Neccos who demanded and deserved my very best. I thank you for offering forgiveness when I faltered, and for reminding me that much is possible when you teach fiercely and from a space of hopefulness. I acknowledge that I was imperfect, and continue to learn from my mistakes and your teachings.
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