DOCSLIB.ORG

The Geology and Petrology of the Ennerdale

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

THE GEOLOGY AND PETROLOGY OF THE ENNERDALE GRANOPHYRE. ITS__ METAMORPHIC AUREOLE __AND ASSOCIATED MINERALIZATION A Thesis presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Lewis Clark. Department of Geology, The University of Leeds. June, 1963. a b s t r a c t The E n n e r d a l e G r a n o p h y r e occurs in the Latte District between Buttermere and Wasdale. It is a stocK shaped, composite intrusion which was emplaced at the close of the Caledonian earth movements. The country rocks of the granophyre are the Borrowdale Volcanic Series and the Skiddaw Slates. The oldest rocks in the Ennerdale Granophyre are a series of dioritic rocks which have been largely metasomatised by the later granophyre magma into a series of granodioritic hybrids. Eighty percent of the outcrop of the Ennerdale Granophyre is occupied by a fine grained granophyre, the Main Granophyre. The youngest rocks associated with the granophyre: are a series of fine aplitic microgranites and rhyolitic felsites. Metamorphism by the granophyre has been very slight. The main changes in the Skiddaw Slates are a change in colour and an increase in hardness, but the slates in places in Ennerda.le have been soda—metasomatised. Macroscopic changes in the Berrowdale /olcanic Series are negligible, but there have been important mineralogicalL changes within a narrow aureole adjacent to the granophyre. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was made possible by the award of a D.S.I.R. Research Studentship. I am extremely grateful to the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Professor W. Q. Kennedy for making this award. I wish to thank Mr. J. Hartley for suggesting the field of research, for his constant advice in the field and laboratory, and for his critical reading of the manuscript of this thesis. Thanks are also due to many members of the Research Institute of African Geology, particularly Mr. P.W.G. Brock, for their stimulating discussion and criticism during the work. I am indebted to the technical staff of the Research Institute of African Geology for their help; to Mr. P. Pisher for the preparation of numerous rock slides, to Mrs. M.H. Kerr and Miss J. R. Baldwin for chemical analyses, to Mr. L. Wil-son for mineral Xrays, and to Miss J.M. Rooke, for spectrographicaL analyses. I also wish to record my thanks to the farmers and friends in the Lake District without whose help and hospitality my field work would not have been so pleasant. TABLE OF CONTENTS P age. INTRODUCTION 1. Geographical Location. 2. 2» The Geological Setting of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 1. 3. The General Geology of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 3. 4. Aims of the Present Research. 4e PART ONE; THE COUNTRY ROCKS OP THE ENNERDALE GRANOPHYRE. 8„ I. THE SKIDDAW SLATES. 8. 1. Introduction 8. 2. The Loweswater Flags. A. Field Relationships. B. Petrography. 20. 3« The Mosser Kirkstile Slates. 12. A. Field Relationships. 12. B. Petrography. 26. 4. The Latterbarrow Sandstone. 28. A. Field Relationships. 28. B. Petrography. 20, 5. The Blakefell Mudstone. 22. A. Field Relationships. 22. B. Petrography. 23o II. THE BORROWDALE VOLCANIC SERIES BETWEEN WASTWATER AND b u t t e r m e r e " 1. Introduction. 25. 2. Stratigraphy. 27. A. Succession. 28. B. Correlation. 29® C. A detailed description of the succession. 29. (i) The Andesite Group. 29. ( (a) Field Relationships. 29. (b) Petrography. 34. (ii) The Dacite Group. 40. (a) Field Relationships. 40o (b) Petrography. 420 PART TWO; THE EMERDALE GRAHOPHYRE. III. BASIC INTRUSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EMERDALE grahqphyre. 45® lo Introduction. 45• 2. Field. Relationships. 45* A. The Burtness Combe Intrusive Complex. 45* B. The Minor Basic Intrusions of Ennerdale? 50• and Wasdale <> 3. Petrography. 52. A. The Burtness Combe Laccolith. 52o B. The Other Minor Basic Intrusions. 57* 4. The Age of the Minor Basic Intrusions. 60. 5. Petrology. 61. A. Classification. 61. B. Differentiation of the Burtness Laccolith. 62. .IV. THE HYBRID ROCKS. 68. 1* Introduction. 68. 2. Hybrid Rocks in Wasdale. 70. A. Field Relationships. 70. (i) Mecklin Woods. 70. (ii) Minor Outcrops In Wasdale. 75„ B. Petrography. 76. 3. Hybrid Rocks in the Bleng Valley. 85. A. Field Relationships. 85. B. Petrography. 91 „ 4. Hybrid Rocks in Ennerdale. 96. A. Field Relationships. 96. B. Petrography. 100. 5® Petrogenesis. 105. A. Evidence of Hybridization. 105. B. Age of Hybridization. 105. C. Origin of the Hybrid Rocks. IO60 D. Process of Hybridization. 109. 6. The Original Basic Rocks. 115• A. Composition. 115. B. The form of the Original Basic Intrusion. 117<> C. Age of the Original Basic Intrusion. 119® V. THE MAIN GRANOPHYHB. 120. 1. Introduction. 120. 2. Field Relationships. 1210 3. Petrography. 128. 4. Petrochemistry. I39. VI. THE LATE MINOR ACIDIC IKTRUSIONS OF THE EMERDALE GRANOPHYRE. 145. 1. Introduction. 145. 2. The Fine Grained Microgranites. 148. A. Field Relationships. 148, B. Petrography. 151 „ 3. Felsitic Sills and Dykes. 155, A. Field Relationships. 155, B. Petrography. 162, 4. Origin of the Late Acidic Intrusions. 166, PETROGENESIS l67a„ VII. STRUCTURE. 167. 1. Folding. 167. A. Introduction. 167. B. The Folding of the Skiddaw Slates in the vicinity of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 168. C. The Folding of the Borrowdale Volcanic Series, 170. in the vicinity of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 21 Faulting. 173. A. Introduction. 173„ B. High Angled Faults. 174, (i) The Nature of the Fault Planes. 1740 (ii) The North-North-Easterly Faults. 177. (iii)The North-North-Westerly Faults. 179. (iv) The West-North-Westerly Faults. 182. C. Low Angled Faults. 182. (i) The Contact Between the Borrowdale Volcanic Series and the Skiddaw Slates. l82o (a) The High Stile Area. 182. (b) Relationships between the Contact in the High Stile Area and the contact further east. 185* (c) West of the Ennerdale Granophyre. I85. (d) Origin of the Basal Thrust of the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. 186. (ii) The Floutern Crag Thrusts. 1®* 3. The Age Relationships of the Ennerdale Granophyre and Neighbouring Structureo 189. A. Folding. I89. Bo Faulting. 192. 4. The General Relationships of the Ennerdale Grano­ phyre to the Structure of the Western Lake District. 194* 5<> The Intrusion of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 198. 60 The Age of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 200. VIII. THE MET AMORPHIC AUREOLE OF THE EMERJALE GRANOPHYRE. 202. 1. Introduction. 202. 2. The Metamorphic Aureole within the Skiddaw Slates. 203. A. Field Relationships. 203. B. Petrolraphy. 210o (i) The Outer Zone of the Aureole. 210. (ii) The Inner Zone of the Aureole. 211. C. Petrochemistry. 213. 3* The Metamorphic Aureole Within the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. 216. A. Introduction. 216,, B. Field Relationships<, 217 0 Co The Secondary Alteration in the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. 220. D. A Comparison of the Aureole of the Ennerdale Granophyre with the Aureoles of other Intrusions in the Lake District. 224. IX MINERALIZATION. 2280 1. Mineralization related to the Intrusion of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 2. Mineralization Unrelated to the Intrusion of the Ennerdale Granophyre. 236» Ao Haematite. 231. B. Lithiophorite: First Record in Great Britain. 232. C. Lead and Copper. 234. PART THREE. APPENDICES. 236 APPENDIX I. GLACIATION. 236. 1. The Glacial History of the Western Lake District. 236. 2. Glacial Studies of the Present Work. 238o A. Introduction. 238. B. The Main Glaciation. 239* C. Erosion during the Main Glaciation. 242. D. The Retreat of the Main Glaciation. 245° E. The Post-Allerod Corrie Glaciation. 247. APPENDIX II. INTRUSIONS UNRELATED TO THE EMERDALE GRANOPHYRE. 251. 1. Pre-Caledonian Intrusions. 251. A. Introductions. 251. B. Field Relationships. 251. C. Petrography. 233. 2. The Hole Gill Porphyry. 256. APPENDIX III. MINERALOGY. 257. 1. The Composition of Garnets from Buttermere: A criticism of Diagrams by Sriramadis (1957) for the Correlation of Unit Cell Edges and Refractive Indices with the Chemical Composition of Garnets. 257. 2. The Feldspars of the Main Granophyre. 259. A. Orthoclase Microperthites. 259. B. Plagioclase. 262. 3» Ferromagnesian Minerals. 262. A. In the Basic and Hybrid Rocks. 262. B. In the Borrowdale Volcanic Series. 265. APPENDIX IV. PETROGRAPHIC TECHNIQUE. 266. 1. Staining Feldspars. 266. APPENDIX V. HISTORY OF PREVIOUS RESEARCH. 269. 1. Early Research. 269. 2. More Recent Research. 273* A. The Ennerdale Granophyre. 273. B. The Skiddaw Slates. 279. Co The Borrowdale Volcanic Series. 284. References. 296. I INTRODUCTION, I. Geographical Location The Ennerdale Granophyre occupies an area of a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w e n t y square miles in the w e s t e r n Latte District. It lies within the area covered by the Ordnance Survey Six Inch Sheets NXOO/NE; NIOl/SE, NE; NUl/Nw, HE, SW, SE; NTIO/NW, NE, SW. The intrusion extends from Buttermere in the north to Wastwater in the south (Figures I.). The continuity of the outcrop of the granophyre is interrupted on the north side of Wasdale in the vicinity of Windsor Farm where incomplete erosion of the roof of the intrusion has left a thin skin of volcanic rocks covering the granophyre. The granophyre has weathered into a group of smooth rounded hills of which the highest is Cawfell, 2200 feet high. These contrast sharply mth the crag covered central, fells of the Lake District which are made of rocks of the:? Borrowdale Volcanic Series. The major valleys of Ennerdale, Buttermere and Wasdale, which form the western part of the radial drainage of the Lake District, cross the area under discussion giving it a relief varying from 200 feet O.D. in Wasdale to 2750 feet O.D. on Great Scoat Fell. The area to be described includes the whole of the outcrop of the Ennerdale Granophyre and its metamorphic aureole, a total area of approximately 40 square miles.
Recommended publications
  • My 214 Story Name: Christopher Taylor Membership Number: 3812 First Fell Climbed

    My 214 Story Name: Christopher Taylor Membership Number: 3812 First Fell Climbed

    My 214 Story Name: Christopher Taylor Membership number: 3812 First fell climbed: Coniston Old Man, 6 April 2003 Last fell climbed: Great End, 14 October 2019 I was a bit of a late-comer to the Lakes. My first visit was with my family when I was 15. We rented a cottage in Grange for a week at Easter. Despite my parents’ ambitious attempts to cajole my sister Cath and me up Scafell Pike and Helvellyn, the weather turned us back each time. I remember reaching Sty Head and the wind being so strong my Mum was blown over. My sister, 18 at the time, eventually just sat down in the middle of marshy ground somewhere below the Langdale Pikes and refused to walk any further. I didn’t return then until I was 28. It was my Dad’s 60th and we took a cottage in Coniston in April 2003. The Old Man of Coniston became my first summit, and I also managed to get up Helvellyn via Striding Edge with Cath and my brother-in-law Dave. Clambering along the edge and up on to the still snow-capped summit was thrilling. A love of the Lakes, and in particular reaching and walking on high ground, was finally born. Visits to the Lakes became more regular after that, but often only for a week a year as work and other commitments limited opportunities. A number of favourites established themselves: the Langdale Pikes; Lingmoor Fell; Catbells and Wansfell among them. I gradually became more ambitious in the peaks I was willing to take on.
  • Lords Seat, Thornthwaite, Keswick

    Lords Seat, Thornthwaite, Keswick

    LORDS SEAT, THORNTHWAITE, KESWICK rightmove.co.uk The UK’s number one property website rural | forestry | environmental | commercial | residential | architectural & project management | valuation | investment | management | dispute resolution | renewable energy LORDS SEAT, THORNTHWAITE, KESWICK, CUMBRIA, CA12 5SG Energy Performance Certificate Lords Seat, Thornthwaite Dwelling type: Semi-detached house KESWICK Date of assessment: 15 March 2010 CA12 5SG Date of certificate: 15 March 2010 Reference number: 9558-8058-6267-7730-7930 Type of assessment: RdSAP, existing dwelling Total floor area: 284 m² This home's performance is rated in terms of energy use per square metre of floor area, energy efficiency based on fuel costs and environmental impact based on carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Energy Efficiency Rating Environmental Impact (CO 2 ) Rating Current Potential Current Potential Very energy efficient - lower running costs Very environmentally friendly - lower CO2 emissions (92 plus) (92 plus) (81-91) (81-91) (69-80) (69-80) (55-68) (55-68) (39-54) (39-54) (21-38) (21-38) (1-20) (1-20) Not energy efficient - higher running costs Not environmentally friendly - higher CO 2 emissions EU Directive EU Directive England & Wales 2002/91/EC England & Wales 2002/91/EC The energy efficiency rating is a measure of the The environmental impact rating is a measure of a overall efficiency of a home. The higher the rating home's impact on the environment in terms of the more energy efficient the home is and the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. The higher the lower the fuel bills are likely to be. rating the less impact it has on the environment.
  • Newsletter Appleby Archaeology

    Newsletter Appleby Archaeology

    Winter 2011 Appleby Archaeology Heather Edwards, Spring Programme Newsletter AGM and Members’ Evening th 7.00pm Tuesday 10 January Volume 14 Issue 4 Winter 2011 Martin Railton : Altogether Archaeology on Brackenber Moor - Results of the 2011 Excavations at the “Roman Signal Station” Group News quired low level oblique aerial photographs, for example, Round the Museums appear to show an enclosure around the summit, with the cairns lying diagonally across it. Is this feature due to li- Richard Stevens : More on Abbeytown - an I hope you've noticed a subtle change in your Newsletter. I’m not normally much interested in museums but, curi- thology as some have claimed, or archaeology? We think outlying chapel at Holme St. Cuthbert Yes, your Committee has decided that the time has finally ously, I find that I’ve visited no fewer than four local ex- it is time to find out. come for us to switch to colour! I hope you'll agree that hibitions this summer. photographs, in particular, have benefited from the We therefore need to raise funds and support locally to The first was the Dock Museum at Barrow. I only went change. We've decided to try it for a year, at any rate. pay for archaeologists to conduct non-intrusive techniques because this was where Apparch’s annual summer day- Great Langdale Axe Factories Please let us know what you think. of investigation, and for laboratory analyses that we our- trip dropped us on our way to Furness Abbey. But I’m selves cannot provide. Our target is £6500 and have al- Tuesday 14th February Other changes in the pipeline included proposed amend- very glad I did because I thought it was quite wonderful.
  • MTB Trails Challenge450 Your Skills on at Any Time of Year

    MTB Trails Challenge450 Your Skills on at Any Time of Year

    There’s mountains of 150 singletrack here for you to 200 250 300 350 400 450 MTB trails challenge450 your skills on at any time of year. 500 500 Barf 550 Trail information 100 Bassenthwaite 600 Lord’s N Quercus TrailLake • • • Seat Blue moderate. 21 7.5km (4.6miles). 3.5km (2miles) shorter option. 29 23 Start at Cyclewise. This trail is a gem waiting to be discovered. Expect 5 flowing singletrack with gentle berms, rolling jumps, 30 Aiken Beck North 100 wide gradual climbs with technical features for the 7 adventurous riders. Suitable for intermediate mountain The slog Loop bikers withA66 basic off-road skills and reasonable fitness. 500 Ullister Finding your way: Follow the blue arrows on timber Spout Force 28 27 24 Hill 600 8 posts. Look out for any warning markers. Beckstones 18 550 Plantation The Altura Trail North Loop • • • 200 150 500 450 250 300 350 W 400 Red difficult. 10km (6miles). 450 53 C o Black Severe, (optional features). Start at Cyclewise. Darling h m Scawgill 350 54 b 500 Waymarked, with 200 metres height gain of climbing. Bridge How 26 i G Luchini’s view n ill This is a singletrack trail, with steep climbs, twisting turns, Spout Force l Seat 9 exhilaratingThornthwaite descents involving berms, jumps and Car Park How Its a rollover some technical black graded sections as an option. Seat wow Happy days a 3 450 Finding your way: Follow the red arrows on timber posts. W D 16 Lorton r i Look out for any warning markers. Also on this route are l y t l y c b l 10 Fells 450 o Tarbarrel Black grade trail features.
  • Complete 230 Fellranger Tick List A

    Complete 230 Fellranger Tick List A

    THE LAKE DISTRICT FELLS – PAGE 1 A-F CICERONE Fell name Height Volume Date completed Fell name Height Volume Date completed Allen Crags 784m/2572ft Borrowdale Brock Crags 561m/1841ft Mardale and the Far East Angletarn Pikes 567m/1860ft Mardale and the Far East Broom Fell 511m/1676ft Keswick and the North Ard Crags 581m/1906ft Buttermere Buckbarrow (Corney Fell) 549m/1801ft Coniston Armboth Fell 479m/1572ft Borrowdale Buckbarrow (Wast Water) 430m/1411ft Wasdale Arnison Crag 434m/1424ft Patterdale Calf Crag 537m/1762ft Langdale Arthur’s Pike 533m/1749ft Mardale and the Far East Carl Side 746m/2448ft Keswick and the North Bakestall 673m/2208ft Keswick and the North Carrock Fell 662m/2172ft Keswick and the North Bannerdale Crags 683m/2241ft Keswick and the North Castle Crag 290m/951ft Borrowdale Barf 468m/1535ft Keswick and the North Catbells 451m/1480ft Borrowdale Barrow 456m/1496ft Buttermere Catstycam 890m/2920ft Patterdale Base Brown 646m/2119ft Borrowdale Caudale Moor 764m/2507ft Mardale and the Far East Beda Fell 509m/1670ft Mardale and the Far East Causey Pike 637m/2090ft Buttermere Bell Crags 558m/1831ft Borrowdale Caw 529m/1736ft Coniston Binsey 447m/1467ft Keswick and the North Caw Fell 697m/2287ft Wasdale Birkhouse Moor 718m/2356ft Patterdale Clough Head 726m/2386ft Patterdale Birks 622m/2241ft Patterdale Cold Pike 701m/2300ft Langdale Black Combe 600m/1969ft Coniston Coniston Old Man 803m/2635ft Coniston Black Fell 323m/1060ft Coniston Crag Fell 523m/1716ft Wasdale Blake Fell 573m/1880ft Buttermere Crag Hill 839m/2753ft Buttermere
  • The North Western Fells (581M/1906Ft) the NORTH-WESTERN FELLS

    The North Western Fells (581M/1906Ft) the NORTH-WESTERN FELLS

    FR CATBELLS OM Swinside THE MAIDEN MOOR Lanthwaite Hill HIGH SPY NORTH Newlands valley FR OM Crummock THE Honister Pass DALE HEAD BARROW RANNERDALE KNOTTS SOUTH Wa Seatoller High Doat Br FR te aithwait r OM CAUSEY PIKE DALE HEAD e HINDSCARTH THE Buttermer GRASMOOR Rosthwaite WHITELESS PIKE EAS BARF HIGH SPY e SALE FELL CA FR T HINDSCARTH S Sleet How TLE OM High Snockrigg SCAR CRAGS CRA ROBINSON WANDOPE Bassenthwait THE LORD’S SEAT G MAIDEN MOOR ROBINSON LING FELL WES EEL CRAG (456m/1496ft) GRISEDALE PIKE Gr e SAIL T ange-in-Borrowdale Hobcarton End 11 Graystones 11 MAIDEN MOOR Buttermer SAIL BROOM FELL ROBINSON EEL CRAG BROOM FELL KNOTT RIGG SALE e FELL LORD’S SEAT HOPEGILL HEAD Ladyside Pike GRAYSTONES ARD CRAGS Seat How WANDOPE CATBELLS LING FELL Der SAIL HINDSCARTH (852m/2795ft) High EEL CRAGS went GRASMOOR SCAR CRAGS Lor Wa WHITESIDE 10 Grasmoor 10 CAUSEY PIKE ton t DALE HEAD WHINLATTER er GRAYSTONES Whinlatter Pass Coledale Hause OUTERSIDE Kirk Fell Honister Swinside BARROW High Scawdel Hobcarton End HOPEGILL HEAD Pass Harrot HIGH SPY GRISEDALE PIKE Swinside Dodd (840m/2756ft) Ladyside Pike GRISEDALE PIKE Br Seatoller High Doat 9 Eel Crag Eel 9 HOPEGILL HEAD aithwait Hobcarton End WHITESIDE CASTLE CRAG e Whinlatter Pass Coledale Hause WHINLATTER THE NORTH- Whinlatter WES GRASMOOR FELL Crummock Seat How (753m/2470ft Forest WANDOPE four gr Par TERN Wa Thirdgill Head Man 8 Dale Head Dale 8 projections k LORD’S SEAT S te of the r r BARF WHITELESS PIKE BROOM FELL aphic KNOTT RIGG ange RANNERDALE KNOTTS Bassenthwait (637m/2090ft) LING FELL
  • A Tectonic History of Northwest England

    A Tectonic History of Northwest England

    A tectonic history of northwest England FRANK MOSELEY CONTENTS Introduction 56x Caledonian earth movements 562 (A) Skiddaw Slate structures . 562 (B) Borrowdale Volcanic structures . 570 (C) Deformation of the Coniston Limestone and Silurian rocks 574 (D) Comment on Ingleton-Austwick inlier 580 Variscan earth movements. 580 (A) General . 580 (B) Folds 584 (C) Fractures. 587 4 Post Triassic (Alpine) earth movements 589 5 References 59 ° SUMMARY Northwest England has been affected by the generally northerly and could be posthumous Caledonian, Variscan and Alpine orogenies upon a pre,Cambrian basement. The end- no one of which is entirely unrelated to the Silurian structures include early N--S and later others. Each successive phase is partially NE to ~NE folding. dependent on earlier ones, whilst structures The Variscan structures are in part deter- in older rocks became modified by succeeding mined by locations of the older massifs and in events. There is thus an evolutionary structural part they are likely to be posthumous upon sequence, probably originating in a pre- older structures with important N-S and N~. Cambrian basement and extending to the elements. Caledonian wrench faults were present. reactivated, largely with dip slip movement. The Caledonian episodes are subdivided into The more gentle Alpine structures also pre-Borrowdale Volcanic, pre-Caradoc and follow the older trends with a N-s axis of warp end-Silurian phases. The recent suggestions of or tilt and substantial block faulting. The latter a severe pre-Borrowdale volcanic orogeny are was a reactivation of older fault lines and rejected but there is a recognizable angular resulted in uplift of the old north Pennine unconformity at the base of the volcanic rocks.
  • Mountain Accidents 2015

    Mountain Accidents 2015

    ISSN 2046-6277 LAKE DISTRICT SEARCH & MOUNTAIN RESCUE ASSOCIATION MOUNTAIN ACCIDENTS 2015 Cambridge Crag and Bowfell from ‘Wainwright’s Southern Fells’ and reproduced by courtesy of the Westmorland Gazette The Lake District Search and Mountain Rescue Association would like to acknowledge the contributions given to this association by all members of the public, public bodies and trusts. In particular, this association gratefully acknowledges the assistance given by Cumbria Constabulary. Contents Introduction ................................................................... 2 Chairman’s Report ........................................................ 3 Incident Details 2015 January ................................................................. 5 February ................................................................ 7 March .................................................................... 12 April ....................................................................... 16 May ....................................................................... 21 June ...................................................................... 26 July ........................................................................ 31 August ................................................................... 35 September ............................................................. 43 October ................................................................. 48 November .............................................................. 54 December .............................................................
  • The Western Fells (646M, 2119Ft) the WESTERN FELLS

    The Western Fells (646M, 2119Ft) the WESTERN FELLS

    Seatoller FR OM Blakeley Raise THE BASE BROWN NORTH Heckbarley FR Honister GREY KNOTTS OM GREEN GABLE GRIKE GREAT GABLE Pass THE LANK RIGG BRANDRETH FLEETWITH PIKE SOUTH CRAG FELL FR OM BUCKBARROW HAYSTACKS THE KIRK FELL EAS IRON CRAG Black Sail Pass Whin Fell MIDDLE FELL FR T Stockdale Scarth Gap Mosser OM HIGH CRAG Hatteringill Head Buttermer THE Moor FELLBARROW W SEATALLAN (801m, 2628ft) (801m, asdale WES YEWBARROW HIGH STILE Smithy Fell CAW FELL e Head PILLAR 12 Green Gable Green 12 T Sourfoot Fell BUCKBARROW LOW FELL RED PIKE (W) Darling Dodd GREA SCOAT FELL F Loweswater G ell ABLE GREEN GABLE HAYCOCK STEEPLE Styhead Crummock T RED PIKE (W) Pass SEATALLAN SCOAT FELL MELLBREAK Oswen Fell MIDDLE FELL Black Crag Wa HAYCOCK BRANDRETH te BR BASE (899m, 2949ft) (899m, r STARLING DODD Burnbank Fell OW PILLAR SCOAT FELL W N LOW FELL Lamplugh ast RED PIKE (W) 11 Great Gable Great 11 Sharp Knott Wa Black Crag CAW FELL GREY KNOTTS te FELLBARR BLAKE FELL r HEN COMB PILLAR KNOCK MURTON Honister GREAT BORNE Fothergill Head Pass HIGH CRAG YEWBARROW OW FLEETWITH PIKE GAVEL FELL Carling Knott MELLBREAK HIGH STILE Looking Stead RED PIKE (B) BLAKE FELL (616m, 2021ft) (616m, Burnbank Fell Floutern Cop STARLING DODD Floutern Pass W asdale KIRK FELL Oswen Fell 10 Great Borne Great 10 GREAT BORNE GREAT BORNE Buttermer Head Ennerdale Gale Fell KNOCK MURTON STARLING DODD Floutern Cop e Beck Head Wa RED PIKE (B) te HEN COMB r HIGH STILE GAVEL FELL GREAT GABLE CRAG FELL HIGH CRAG MELLBREAK Scarth Gap GRIKE Crummock THE (526m, 1726ft) (526m, HAYSTACKS Styhead
  • RR 01 07 Lake District Report.Qxp

    RR 01 07 Lake District Report.Qxp

    A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas Integrated Geoscience Surveys (North) Programme Research Report RR/01/07 NAVIGATION HOW TO NAVIGATE THIS DOCUMENT Bookmarks The main elements of the table of contents are bookmarked enabling direct links to be followed to the principal section headings and sub-headings, figures, plates and tables irrespective of which part of the document the user is viewing. In addition, the report contains links: from the principal section and subsection headings back to the contents page, from each reference to a figure, plate or table directly to the corresponding figure, plate or table, from each figure, plate or table caption to the first place that figure, plate or table is mentioned in the text and from each page number back to the contents page. RETURN TO CONTENTS PAGE BRITISH GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESEARCH REPORT RR/01/07 A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake The National Grid and other Ordnance Survey data are used with the permission of the District and adjacent areas Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Licence No: 100017897/2004. D Millward Keywords Lake District, Lower Palaeozoic, Ordovician, Devonian, volcanic geology, intrusive rocks Front cover View over the Scafell Caldera. BGS Photo D4011. Bibliographical reference MILLWARD, D. 2004. A stratigraphical framework for the upper Ordovician and Lower Devonian volcanic and intrusive rocks in the English Lake District and adjacent areas. British Geological Survey Research Report RR/01/07 54pp.
  • Roamers' Walks from 9Th March 2017

    Roamers' Walks from 9Th March 2017

    Roamers’ walks from 9th March 2017 Convenor: Anna Nolan [email protected]; tel: 017687 71197 On 20/12/2018 – Average no of Roamers per walk: 10.66 (512:48) 2017 No Date Walk: Led Walkers: Day 2017 (name, length, duration, drive) by no/ names 1 9/03 Broughton-in-Furness round; Anna 10 Sunny undulating; approx. 14 kilometres = Lyn & John, Sandra but very & Alistair, Liz, Jacqui, windy 8.7 miles (5 hours); 36 miles’ drive Cathy, Barry, Vinnie (a.m.) each way = 1 hour 5 mins 2 23/03 Carron Crag (Grizedale Forest); Anna 7 Sunny start/ end point: High Cross; Jacqui, Alison L, but Dorothy, Bill, Barry, windy undulating; 15.6 kilometres = 9.7 Vinnie miles (5 hours); 24 miles’ drive each way = 50 mins 3 6/04 Stickle Pike; start/ end point: Anna 13 Dry but Broughton Moor; undulating with Jacqui, Margaret T., cold and Helen, Liz, Lyn, windy two separate climbs; 8.5-ish miles; Maureen, Sandra & 1,873 feet ascent for The Knott, a Alistair, Jim, Bill, bit more for the Pike; (5.5 hours); John, Vinnie 27 miles’ drive each way 4 20/04 Alcock Tarn & Nab Scar: start/ Anna 9 Dry but end point: Grasmere; 5.5 miles; Jacqui, Helen, Lyn, cold and Gaynor & David, windy easy climb; roughly 1,400 feet of Pam & Mike, Vinnie ascent; return via Rydal and the coffin route (by bus) 5 4/05 Harrop Tarn – Blea Tarn – Anna 14 Sunny Watendlath – Keswick; Pam & Mike, Sandra & but very Alistair, Lyn, Margaret windy undulating with a climb;10 miles T., Margaret H., Jacqui, (just over 6 hours, including a stop Gaynor, Lesley, at Watendlath) (bus – 555 – to Christine
  • Landscape Conservation Action Plan Part 1

    Landscape Conservation Action Plan Part 1

    Fellfoot Forward Landscape Conservation Action Plan Part 1 Fellfoot Forward Landscape Partnership Scheme Landscape Conservation Action Plan 1 Fellfoot Forward is led by the North Pennines AONB Partnership and supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund. Our Fellfoot Forward Landscape Partnership includes these partners Contents Landscape Conservation Action Plan Part 1 1. Acknowledgements 3 8 Fellfoot Forward LPS: making it happen 88 2. Foreword 4 8.1 Fellfoot Forward: the first steps 89 3. Executive Summary: A Manifesto for Our Landscape 5 8.2 Community consultation 90 4 Using the LCAP 6 8.3 Fellfoot Forward LPS Advisory Board 93 5 Understanding the Fellfoot Forward Landscape 7 8.4 Fellfoot Forward: 2020 – 2024 94 5.1 Location 8 8.5 Key milestones and events 94 5.2 What do we mean by landscape? 9 8.6 Delivery partners 96 5.3 Statement of Significance: 8.7 Staff team 96 what makes our Fellfoot landscape special? 10 8.8 Fellfoot Forward LPS: Risk register 98 5.4 Landscape Character Assessment 12 8.9 Financial arrangements 105 5.5 Beneath it all: Geology 32 8.10 Scheme office 106 5.6 Our past: pre-history to present day 38 8.11 Future Fair 106 5.7 Communities 41 8.12 Communications framework 107 5.8 The visitor experience 45 8.13 Evaluation and monitoring 113 5.9 Wildlife and habitats of the Fellfoot landscape 50 8.14 Changes to Scheme programme and budget since first stage submission 114 5.10 Moorlands 51 9 Key strategy documents 118 5.11 Grassland 52 5.12 Rivers and Streams 53 APPENDICES 5.13 Trees, woodlands and hedgerows 54 1 Glossary