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HDR Chitu Okoli 2020-12.Pdf Cadres de recherche pour le contenu ouvert et des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information Chitu Okoli To cite this version: Chitu Okoli. Cadres de recherche pour le contenu ouvert et des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information. Gestion et management. Université de Nantes (FR), 2020. tel-03182958 HAL Id: tel-03182958 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03182958 Submitted on 29 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Contenu ouvert et modèles d’affaires – HDR Chitu Okoli Cadres de recherche pour le contenu ouvert et des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information Chitu Okoli Synthèse présentée en vue de l’obtention de l’Habilitation à diriger des recherches Université de Nantes 3 décembre 2020 • Superviseur de thèse : Frantz ROWE, Professeur, Université de Nantes • Président du jury : Marc BIDAN, Professeur, Université de Nantes • Autres membres du jury : o Frédéric ADAM, Professeur, University College Cork (Irlande) o Cécile AYERBE, Professeur, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis o Nicolas JULLIEN, Professeur, IMT Atlantique Campus de Brest 1 Contenu ouvert et modèles d’affaires – HDR Chitu Okoli Résumé Dans cette synthèse des travaux pour l’Habilitation à diriger des recherches, je commence par une introduction détaillée de mon profil de chercheur où je présente mes principaux axes de recherche. Puis, dans les chapitres principaux de cette synthèse, je me concentre sur l’un de ces axes en présentant des cadres de recherche pour le contenu ouvert et des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information. La philosophie de distribution libre, qui a traditionnellement été appliquée au développement de logiciels, peut être appliquée à la création collaborative de produits d’information non logiciels, tels que les livres, la musique et la vidéo. Ces produits sont généralement désignés sous le nom de contenu ouvert. En grande partie grâce au succès de grands projets tels que Wikipédia et les Creative Commons, le contenu ouvert a suscité une attention croissante, non seulement dans les médias populaires, mais aussi dans la recherche scientifique. Cette synthèse des travaux présente la portée des recherches émergentes sur le phénomène du contenu ouvert, autres que le logiciel libre. Nous développons un cadre pour classer les œuvres numériques en œuvres utilitaires, factuelles, esthétiques ou d’opinion. Ayant décrit le phénomène du contenu ouvert, nous présentons alors un cadre de recherche pour des modèles d’affaires pour les produits d’information mettant l’accent sur les parties prenantes les plus importantes : les créateurs des œuvres, les consommateurs, les distributeurs et les autres parties prenantes. Contrairement à la plupart des recherches existantes sur les modèles d’affaires, ce cadre prend en compte, non seulement les intérêts du distributeur (l’entreprise) qui fournit des ressources pour financer la production des œuvres, mais également ceux des créateurs et des consommateurs des œuvres. De plus, au-delà de considérer seulement la maximisation des profits, ce cadre prend également en compte d’autres objectifs et avantages importants : la qualité des œuvres, la distribution à grande échelle et le renom des créateurs ou distributeurs. Finalement, nous présentons quelques projets de recherche effectués ou projetés qui dépendent des cadres de recherche présentés dans cette synthèse des travaux. 2 Contenu ouvert et modèles d’affaires – HDR Chitu Okoli Table des matières Cadres de recherche pour le contenu ouvert et des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information ....................................................................................................................... 1 Résumé ................................................................................................................................ 2 Table des matières ...............................................................................................................3 Remerciements.................................................................................................................... 6 1 Introduction : profil de chercheur .............................................................................. 7 1.1 Biographie professionnelle...................................................................................... 8 1.2 Axes de recherche .................................................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Applications d’Internet dans les pays en développement ............................. 9 1.2.2 Contenu ouvert ................................................................................................ 11 1.2.3 Méthodologies de recherche .......................................................................... 14 1.2.4 Sujets divers .................................................................................................... 14 1.3 Perspectives épistémologiques et méthodologiques ............................................ 16 1.4 Qualité des publications de recherche .............................................................. 18 1.4.1 Classement des revues de mes publications.................................................. 18 1.4.2 Valeur de mes publications aux autres auteurs ............................................ 19 1.5 Encadrement des étudiants ................................................................................... 19 2 Introduction au projet de recherche ......................................................................... 21 2.1 Définition de contenu ouvert et catégories d’œuvres .......................................... 21 2.2 Cadre de recherche pour des modèles d’affaires concernant des produits d’information .................................................................................................................. 23 3 Définition du contenu ouvert ................................................................................... 26 3.1 Du logiciel libre aux œuvres non logicielles ........................................................ 26 3.2 Contenu ouvert .................................................................................................. 28 3.3 Licences pour contenu ouvert............................................................................ 32 3.4 Revue de littérature sur le contenu ouvert........................................................34 4 Catégories des œuvres de contenu ouvert ................................................................ 37 4.1 Dimensions des œuvres..................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Œuvres relativistes ou universalistes ? ......................................................... 38 4.1.2 Œuvres évaluées objectivement ou subjectivement ? ................................. 39 4.2 Quatre catégories d’œuvres .............................................................................. 40 4.2.1 Œuvres utilitaires : relativistes à évaluation objective .................................. 41 4.2.2 Œuvres factuelles : universalistes à évaluation objective ............................ 42 3 Contenu ouvert et modèles d’affaires – HDR Chitu Okoli 4.2.3 Œuvres esthétiques : relativistes à évaluation subjective .............................43 4.2.4 Œuvres d’opinion : universalistes à évaluation subjective........................... 44 4.3 Comparaison avec d’autres classifications ....................................................... 47 4.4 Classification des œuvres composées ............................................................... 48 5 Un cadre de recherche axé sur des parties prenantes concernant des modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information ...................................................................... 50 5.1 Limitations de la recherche actuelle sur les modèles d’affaires pour des produits d’information ................................................................................................................. 50 5.2 Perspective des parties prenantes des modèles d’affaires ................................ 52 5.3 Les parties prenantes des produits d’information ............................................ 53 5.3.1 Créateurs ........................................................................................................ 54 5.3.2 Consommateurs .............................................................................................. 55 5.3.3 Distributeurs .................................................................................................. 56 5.3.4 Législateurs et autres parties prenantes ........................................................ 57 5.4 Objectifs et priorités des parties prenantes des produits d’information ........ 59 5.4.1 Qualité de l’œuvre ......................................................................................... 59 5.4.2 Argent : revenu et prix ................................................................................... 59 5.4.3 Distribution de l’œuvre .................................................................................
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