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The Importance of Female Characters in JRR Tolkien's the Lord of The Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Bernadeta Obertová The Importance of Female Characters in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Mária Baranová 2018 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to thank my supervisor Mgr. Mária Baranová for her patience, advice, support, and all the time she dedicated to my work Table of Contents 1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1 2. Beautiful Maidens of Middle-earth……………………………….…………………4 2.1. Éowyn………………………………………………………………………5 2.2. Arwen………………………………………………………………………8 2.3. Galadriel……………………………………………………………………12 3. Love and Relationships………………………………………………………...……15 3.1. Éowyn…………………………………………………………….………..16 3.2. Arwen………………………………………………………………………22 3.3. Galadriel……………………………………………………………………25 4. Power of the Female Characters ……………………………………………….……30 4.1. Éowyn……………………………….……………………………………..31 4.2. Arwen………………………………………………………………………34 4.3. Galadriel……………………………………………………………………37 5. Conclusion………………………………………...…………………………………42 6. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………44 7. Summary (English)…………………………………………………………….…….49 8. Resumé (Czech)………………….…………………………………………….…….50 1. Introduction In one of his letters, Tolkien reveals that once there was a time when he wanted to write an extensive legend for his country, England (Letters 168). Since then, he has created a magnificent fantasy legendarium in a made-up universe, and The Lord of the Rings (LotR) trilogy is in the very centre of it. With his “arguably the greatest fantasy epic of all time” (Schumacher), he is considered to be the father of the modern fantasy. His extensive and extraordinary work has inspired others to write and read fantasy novels. Moreover, his works still have a major impact on authors of modern fantasy as well (Schumacher). His most famous work, LotR, is an action-packed story where the forces of evil fight for a better future of Middle-earth. The elaborate trilogy features, among others, wizards, Elves, Hobbits, orcs, and other magnificent beings, who engage in one of the greatest wars and set out on incredible quests to destroy the source of all the evil in the land: The One Ring. While the male protagonists, often considered the heroes of the story, are adventurous and brave, the female characters are repeatedly being overlooked or dismissed for being too passive and two-dimensional. However, it is the females that have a fundamental role in the trilogy. Most of the time they operate away from the battlefield itself, but their actions have consequences nevertheless. During the wartime, they are the ones that support the quest of the Fellowship and their allies in the War of the Ring. During times of peace, they are the healers, the peace-keepers and the bearers of new life. The aim of this thesis is to focus on the complexity of the three most prominent female characters: Galadriel the Elven Queen, Arwen the Half-elf, and Éowyn the human warrior. Although they differ in either race, kin they belong to, or the place where they live, they do share certain aspects of their characters in three aspects: beauty, love and friendly relations, and power. This 1 thesis explores the ways through which they are presented in LotR by thoroughly examining the aspects in relation to their significance within the trilogy. It is because of them that the females are able to affect not only other characters and the course of the main quest of the Fellowship, but also the history of Middle-earth. The chapter that follows explains the concept of beauty of each of the female characters. A superficial understanding of beauty may suggest that it is restricted to physical features of the females. The beauty of the three main female characters in LotR is more complex and unique at the same time. Although it is true that the women are described as beautiful and fair, their beauty extends far beyond their physical aspects. It reflects their unique personalities through their personal lives, heritage, and the environment in which they appear as well. While encompassing their personality traits, wisdom, skills, and arts in which they excel, the females are portrayed as beautiful in the most unique ways. The subsequent chapter focuses on the personal feelings of love and friendship of the female characters. The feelings of love are connected to either a romantic interest, family, race, or a ruler; nevertheless, all of them influence the events throughout the trilogy. Friendly relations that are considered in the chapter are made either before or during the War of the Ring and they are further maintained or improved after the War. Through these relationships, graciousness and respect are conveyed. Ultimately, it is the female characters who become the main contributors to the reconstruction of Middle-earth. Whether it is the act of marriage, fertility, creation of new life, or peace-keeping, the female characters are able to change the land for the better by love and friendships. 2 The final chapter analyses the power of the female characters and the ways in which it is displayed. In contrast to the physical strength displayed by the male characters in battles, the female characters possess a type of power that is rooted deep in their minds and will. The courage and bravery of the female characters is conveyed through the difficult choices they have to make; in order to save the ones they love and Middle-earth itself, they must renounce their own power. Although only Eowyn takes up arms, they all play their part in the final outcome of the War. Moreover, their courage and bravery are conveyed through difficult choice-making. 3 2. Beautiful Maidens of Middle-earth The beauty of females in Middle-earth is undoubtedly an important feature in the trilogy. It is more than a superficial and simple description of the women; quite the contrary; its deeper understanding gives the female characters an additional element of complexity. In many cases, sympathetic women are portrayed as beautiful and fair. Only in rare cases are the female characters portrayed as somewhat ugly: Shelob the evil spider1, which appears in Two Towers (TT), is “horrible beyond the horror of an evil dream” (942). Although all of the three female characters discussed here are “uniformly queenly” (Ellwood 20), it is the beauty of the Elven maidens that is the supreme one. This is a remark made by other characters in the trilogy: in Return of the King (RotK), Arwen is described as “the fairest in this world” (1393) and Galadriel as “the greatest of Elven women” (1421). However, all three of them are women of a high birth who represent their house or race in a charming and elegant matter. Still, they possess a type of beauty that is both physical, which is unique for each of them and reflects features that are significant for them, and that which is not restricted merely to their physical appearance. 1 Shelob is a gigantic spider and Sauron’s servant. She lives in the caves at the borders of Mordor (TT 946). 4 2.1 Éowyn Although Éowyn appears for the first time in the second part of the trilogy, she is an important contributor to the story. Her beauty is an important part of her character and it is so powerful that she is promised as a prize to Gríma Wormtongue (TT 679).2 Being young, tall, slim, and of a strangely white complexion, she is also known as “The White Lady of Rohan” (RotK 1264). Her blonde hair flatters her white skin, which makes her look “golden as the sun and white as snow” (RotK1279). She is also known to usually wear white gowns, which makes her pale-golden beauty become more prominent in the scenes where darkness, either literal or figurative, prevails. In one of the darkest scenes, Éowyn and Faramir contemplate the future of Middle-earth in Gondor, he sees her “clad all in white, and gleamed in the sun” (RotK 1259), though darkness dominates both the sky and their minds. These features are so typical for Éowyn that they are presented as the most prominent ones to those that see her for the first time. When she first encounters Gandalf’s company, she is perceived as a young maiden with a “very nice … face, and long hair … like a river of gold. Slender and tall she was in her white robe girt with silver” (TT 679). These features have great impact on the perception of those that meet Éowyn, even on those that only briefly encounter her, like one of the wardens in Gondor says when he notices her: “tall she stood there, her eyes bring in her white face” (RotK 1256). Considering the beauty of Éowyn, the main aspect of it is that Éowyn is often compared to a flower. It is through these similes that other characters perceive and comment on her. Librán-Moreno argues that “Éowyn’s state of mind is revealed through vegetal (white flower), seasonal (winter, spring) … imagery arranged in a closely 2 Gríma Wormtongue is Saruman’s spy in Rohan. In exchange for advising King Théoden erroneously, a plot thwarted by Gandalf and his company, he was promised Éowyn (TT 679). 5 interlinked thematic cluster … Éowyn is like a flower not only in her beauty and purity, but also in fragility and in transience” (“Greek and Latin Amatory Motifts” 75-76). In the House of Healing, Aragorn is one of those that see the resemblance between Éowyn and a lily. He sees the distinction between the beauty of common women and the unique one of Éowyn’s; one which is more than her soft looks and tender touches: “when I first looked at her and perceived her unhappiness, it seemed to me that I saw a white flower standing straight and proud, shapely as a lily, and yet knew that it was hard, as if wrought by elf-wrights out of steel” (RotK 1134).
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