TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................ 2 LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES......................................................................................................... 6 ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................. 8 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY............................................................................................. 9
Project Location....................................................................................... 19 Project Salient Features ........................................................................... 20 Project Justification ................................................................................. 21 Project Objectives.................................................................................... 21 Fertilizer Blending Process...................................................................... 21 Equipment at the plant............................................................................. 22 ESIA Scope and Objective ...................................................................... 23 Report Structure....................................................................................... 23
ESIA METHODOLOGY.......................................................................25
ESIA Process ........................................................................................... 25 ESIA Scoping .......................................................................................... 25 Baseline Studies....................................................................................... 26 Impact Identification and Evaluation of Significance ............................. 26 Identification of Impacts.......................................................................... 26 Impact Assessment and Analysis ............................................................ 27 Impact Mitigation .................................................................................... 28 Public Consultation.................................................................................. 29
LEGAL FRAMEWORK .......................................................................30
Kenya Air Quality Emission Standards................................................... 36 National Noise Emission Guidelines....................................................... 38 Solid Waste Management........................................................................ 39 International Conventions........................................................................ 39
PROJECT DESCRIPTION...................................................................40
Project Overview ..................................................................................... 40 Activities within Project Phases .............................................................. 42 Pre-Construction Activities ..................................................................... 42 Construction Phase .................................................................................. 42 Operational Activities.............................................................................. 43 Raw Materials Used................................................................................. 43 Limestone ................................................................................................ 43 Gypsum.................................................................................................... 43 Muriate of Potash..................................................................................... 43 Di-ammonium Phosphate ........................................................................ 44 Urea ......................................................................................................... 44 Process Description ................................................................................. 44 Coal grounding ........................................................................................ 45 Grinding of Raw Material........................................................................ 45
1.0. 1.1. 1.2. 1.3. 1.4. 1.5. 1.6. 1.7.
2.1. 2.2. 2.3. 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.5.
4.3.2
4.3 4.4
4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5
4.5
4.5.1 4.5.2
2
4.5.3 4.5.4 4.5.5 4.5.6
Micro Nutrients Feeding.......................................................................... 45 Blend Grade Preparation ......................................................................... 45 Blending and Production ......................................................................... 46 Bagging.................................................................................................... 46 Pollution Control Measures..................................................................... 50 Air pollution and its management ........................................................... 50 Resource Requirements for the Project ................................................... 50 Fuel Type and Source.............................................................................. 50 Water Use, Demand and Supply.............................................................. 51 Wastes...................................................................................................... 51 Fugitive Emissions .................................................................................. 52 Noise........................................................................................................ 52 Effluent Generation ................................................................................. 52 Solid Waste Management........................................................................ 52 Hazardous Waste Management System .................................................. 52 Occupational Health and Safety for Workers.......................................... 53 Decommissioning Phase.......................................................................... 53
BASELINE ENVIRONMENT ..............................................................54
Definition of the Study Area ................................................................... 54 Political Units .......................................................................................... 55 Administrative Units................................................................................ 55 Climate..................................................................................................... 56 Geology ................................................................................................... 56 Soils ......................................................................................................... 57 Surface Hydrology and Drainage ............................................................ 57 Water Resources...................................................................................... 58 Ecological Conditions.............................................................................. 58 Physical and Topographical Features ...................................................... 59 Land-Use ................................................................................................. 59 Biological Environment........................................................................... 60 Flora......................................................................................................... 60 Fauna ....................................................................................................... 61 Socio– Economic Environment............................................................... 62 Population................................................................................................ 62 Road Network.......................................................................................... 62 Energy Access ......................................................................................... 62 Housing.................................................................................................... 64 Health Access .......................................................................................... 65 Education, Skills, Literacy and Infrastructure ......................................... 65 Mining ..................................................................................................... 66 Industry and Trade................................................................................... 66 Water ....................................................................................................... 66 Sanitation................................................................................................. 67 Employment............................................................................................. 67
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES.......................................................69
Project Execution as Proposed ................................................................ 69
4.6 4.7
4.6.1 4.7.1 4.7.2
4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15
5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 5.7.4 5.7.5 5.7.6 5.7.7 5.7.8 5.7.9 5.7.10 5.7.11
6.1
3
6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6
No Project Option.................................................................................... 69 Alternative Location................................................................................ 70 Alternative Fertilizer Grades ................................................................... 70 Alternative Energy................................................................................... 70 Alternative Water Source ........................................................................ 70
PUBLIC PARTICIPATION..................................................................72
Overview ................................................................................................. 72 Aim of the Stakeholder Consultations..................................................... 72 Consultation Methodology ...................................................................... 72 Feedback from Stakeholder Interviews ................................................... 72 Consulted Parties ..................................................................................... 72 Summary of Responses ........................................................................... 72
IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES .........................................74
Introduction ............................................................................................. 74 Impact Assessment and Evaluation ......................................................... 74 Impacts during Implementation/Construction Phase............................... 75 Site Clearance Impacts ............................................................................ 75 Material Sourcing and Transportation Impacts ....................................... 75 Occupational Health and Safety Impacts................................................. 75 Air Quality Impacts ................................................................................. 76 Noise and Vibration Impacts ................................................................... 76 Water Quality Impacts............................................................................. 77 Land Use Impacts .................................................................................... 77 Soil Quality Impacts ................................................................................ 77 Impact on Ecology................................................................................... 78 Socio-Economic Environment................................................................. 78 Impacts during Operation Phase.............................................................. 79 Impacts on Air Quality ............................................................................ 79 Impacts on Water Quality........................................................................ 79 Impacts on Land Use ............................................................................... 79 Noise and Vibration Impacts ................................................................... 80 Impact due to Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation ........................... 80 Impact of Road Transportation................................................................ 80 Impact on Biological Environment.......................................................... 81 Socio–Economic Environment................................................................ 81 Impact Significance ................................................................................. 82 Decommissioning Phase.......................................................................... 84
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN.........86
Introduction ............................................................................................. 86 Objective of Environmental and Social Management Plan..................... 86 Environmental and Social Management Plan.......................................... 86
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .....................................93
Introduction ............................................................................................. 93 Identification of the Key Monitoring Indicators...................................... 93
CONCLUSION .......................................................................................96 BIBLIOGRAPHY...................................................................................97
78
8.1 8.2 8.3
8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.3.9 8.3.10
8.4
8.4.1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.4.6 8.4.7 8.4.8
8.5 8.6
4
APPENDIX 1: List of Public Consultation ............................................. 98 APPENDIX 2: Sample Questionnaires ................................................... 99 APPENDIX 3: Photographic Plate........................................................ 100
13.2 13.3
5
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Salient Project Features..................................................................................... 9 Table 1-2: Summary Beneficial Impacts .......................................................................... 15 Table 1-3: Summary of the results of the Impact Assessment.......................................... 18 Table 1-1: Salient Features of the Project......................................................................... 20 Table 3-1: Summary of National Policies......................................................................... 31 Table 3-2: Summary of National Laws............................................................................. 32 Table 3-3: Ambient Air Quality Tolerance Limits ........................................................... 36 Table 3-4: National Air Quality Standards for General Pollutants................................... 37 Table 3-5: Maximum Permissible Noise Levels............................................................... 38 Table 3-6: Maximum permissible noise Levels for construction sites (within facility)... 38 Table 3-7: International Conventions ............................................................................... 39 Table 4-1: Details of the Proposed Site ............................................................................ 40 Table 4-2: Stack Dimension.............................................................................................. 50 Table 4-3: Details of major Pollution Control Equipment’s............................................. 50 Table 5-1: Machakos County Assembly Wards ............................................................... 55 Table 5-2: Area and Administrative Units by Sub-County .............................................. 56 Table 5-3: Major Agro – Ecological Zones across the County ........................................ 58 Table 5-4: Education Status.............................................................................................. 66 Table 8-1: Identification of Potential Impacts ............................................................... 74 Table 8-2: Impact Significance Criteria............................................................................ 82 Table 8-3: Potential Environmental Impacts of Proposed Project activity (Without mitigation measures)......................................................................................................... 82 Table 8-4: Potential Environmental Impacts of Proposed Project activity (With Mitigation Measures).......................................................................................................................... 84 Table 9-1: Environmental and Social Management Plan ................................................. 87 Table 10-1: Environment Monitoring Indicators.............................................................. 93 Table 10-2: Environmental Monitoring Plan.................................................................... 94
