molecules Article Junipers of Various Origins as Potential Sources of the Anticancer Drug Precursor Podophyllotoxin Diana I. Ivanova 1,*,† , Paraskev T. Nedialkov 2,† , Alexander N. Tashev 3, Marta Olech 4 , Renata Nowak 4,* , Yana E. Ilieva 2,5 , Zlatina K. Kokanova-Nedialkova 2, Teodora N. Atanasova 2, George Angelov 1 and Hristo M. Najdenski 5 1 Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
[email protected] 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
[email protected] (P.T.N.);
[email protected] (Y.E.I.);
[email protected] (Z.K.K.-N.);
[email protected] (T.N.A.) 3 Department of Dendrology, University of Forestry, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria;
[email protected] 4 Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland;
[email protected] 5 The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
[email protected] * Correspondence:
[email protected] (D.I.I.);
[email protected] (R.N.) † Both are considered first authors. Abstract: Juniper representatives are natural sources of plenty of bioactive metabolites and have been Citation: Ivanova, D.I.; Nedialkov, used since ancient times as folk remedies against tapeworms, warts, cancer, etc. The antiproliferative P.T.; Tashev, A.N.; Olech, M.; Nowak, activities of junipers are attributed to podophyllotoxin (PPT), which is a precursor for the synthesis R.; Ilieva, Y.E.; Kokanova-Nedialkova, of efficient anticancer drugs. However, the natural sources of PPT, Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Z.K.; Atanasova, T.N.; Angelov, G.; T. S. Ying and Podophyllum peltatum L., are already endangered species because of their intensive Najdenski, H.M.