'Shop-Top Living': the Past and Future of Launceston
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Sustainable Heritage and ‘Shop-Top Living’: The Past and Future of Launceston Katrina L. Hill Masters of Planning University of Tasmania Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for Master of Planning University of Tasmania October 2017 Declaration I declare that all the material in this thesis contains no materials previously published or written by others except where there is clear acknowledgement or reference to the work of others and I have complied with and agreed to the University statement on Plagiarism and Academic Integrity on the University website at http://www.students.utas.edu.au/plagiarism/ Katrina L. Hill Date: 20 October 2017 pg. 2 Abstract “heritage led regeneration raises aspirations” HRH Prince Charles - Dumfries House, Britain’s Hidden Heritage (BBC One, 2011) A great city is vibrant and dynamic because of the people who live in it. For the city of Launceston, a restorative tonic can be found in a return to living ‘above the shop’ lost due to societal change and successive urban planning strategies designed to improve public health and safety outcomes. This research project demonstrates the complexity of ‘shop-top living’ and that all the internalities and externalities at work within the city have affected shops and shopping. Launceston is perfect for examining urban planning and design coupled with heritage revitalization and also government and private spending on significant development projects. The City of Launceston’s significant heritage values greatly impact enabling measures and implementation schemes for urban regeneration. An understanding of both the retail and urban planning history of Launceston provides the background to the problems and issues of today with restoring both the form and function that ‘shop-top living’ affords. This study aims to ascertain stakeholder objectives and priorities to provide recommendations on fostering the right planning and cultural environment for success in revitalising both the city of Launceston and conserving its unique history and rich built heritage. This research project found that there were significant benefits for the city with an increase in the number of people living in the centre of the city. This includes liveability and place- remaking which effects how happy people are to live in a place as well as providing the associated health benefits from a safe and walkable place for people to live. With this city renewal the value and purpose will lead to an increase in the restoration and conservation of the built heritage of Launceston. This study also determined that there were some less than desirable outcomes for the people and heritage of Launceston such as gentrification, the possibility of the loss of heritage and the potential for conflict between retail and commercial entities and residents due to differing expectations of amenity and service. Further research is recommended to better quantify the benefits of enabling measures for ‘shop-top living’ with respect to the number and quality of properties which could be repurposed, acceptable (by community standards) heritage re-purposing and urban design outcomes, as well as the economic tools for facilitating uptake and potential environmental issues and/or impacts. There is also room for a more comprehensive analysis of current and proposed ‘shop-top living’ occurrences in Launceston. pg. 3 Contents Figures ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 5 Chapter 1 - Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 6 1.1 Aim and Scope ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Context .......................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3 Sustainable Heritage & Revitalization ........................................................................................... 9 1.4 Significance of Research .............................................................................................................. 10 1.5 Heritage and Launceston: Becoming A Great Small City ............................................................ 12 Chapter 2 - Methods ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.1 Case Study Research ................................................................................................................... 13 2.2 Desktop Review/Analysis ............................................................................................................ 14 2.3 Qualitative interviewing .............................................................................................................. 15 2.4 Archival Research ........................................................................................................................ 16 2.5 Research Limitations ................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter 3 – History and Heritage .......................................................................................................... 20 3.1 A History of Shops and Shopping ................................................................................................ 20 3.2 Launceston: shops and shopping ................................................................................................ 24 3.3 A History of Living Above the Shop ............................................................................................. 25 3.4 Key Influencing Factors – heritage and planning ........................................................................ 29 3.5 The History of Built Heritage Conservation in Tasmania ............................................................ 32 3.6 The Future of Retail & Commerce in Launceston ....................................................................... 33 Chapter 4 - Case Studies & Interviews .................................................................................................. 35 4.1 Case 1: The Quadrant .................................................................................................................. 37 4.2 Case 2: 84 George Street ............................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Case 3: ‘1842’ Cimitiere Street .................................................................................................... 41 4.4 Case 4: 88b George Street ........................................................................................................... 42 4.5 Additional Interview Findings...................................................................................................... 44 Chapter 5 – Results and Discussion ....................................................................................................... 47 5.1 Prevalence of Historical Mixed Use: George Street Study .......................................................... 47 5.2 The Benefits of Living above the Shop ........................................................................................ 49 5.3 A return to ‘shop-top living’ ........................................................................................................ 50 5.4 The Frontage is Not the Facade .................................................................................................. 51 5.5 Prior Launceston Study ............................................................................................................... 52 5.6 Comparable Initiatives ................................................................................................................ 53 5.7 Heritage Led Regeneration ......................................................................................................... 54 pg. 1 5.8 Creating Inner City Liveability for Launceston ............................................................................ 57 5.9 The Inevitable Bones of Contention ............................................................................................ 58 Chapter 6 - Recommendations and Conclusion .................................................................................... 61 6.1 Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 61 6.2 Future Directions for research .................................................................................................... 63 6.3 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 64 References ............................................................................................................................................. 65 Appendix A – Terminology & Recommendations ................................................................................. 69 A.1 Definitions and Terms ................................................................................................................. 69 A.2 Table of Recommendation .........................................................................................................