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Download PDF (92.4 Index Achnacarry Agreement 131 Black Sea 128 acquired rights, concept of 6, 130 Boko Haram 218–20 Adelman, Morris A. 25, 27–8, 34, 158, Bretton Woods 64, 98 169 BRIC country (Brazil, Russia, India ager publicus – ager privatus 6 and China) 107 al-Baghdadi, Abu Bakr 225 British National Oil Corporation Alfonzo, Juan Pablo Pérez 45 (BNOC) 146 al-Naimi, Ali 151 British Petroleum (BP) 38, 57, 128–9, Al-Nusrah Front 223 131 al-Qadhafi, Muammar 168 Bush, George H.W. 197 Al-Qaeda 175, 219–20, 223–5 Bush, George W. 107 Al-Shabaab 223 Amoco 125 California Arabian Standard Oil Anglo-French oil agreement 130 Company (Casoc) 48 Anglo-Persian Oil Company see British capture, rule of 14, 15 Petroleum (BP) market implications of 15 Antarctica 12 carbon capture storage (CCS) 102 Arab Cooperation Council 195, 204 carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 236, Arab Energy Conference (1982) 144 239 Arabian-American Oil Company cartels (Aramco) 49–50 ‘success’ of cartelization 120 Arab–Israeli war (1967) 138, 170–71 theory of 119–23 Arab League 147, 196, 197, 204 Carter, Jimmy 31, 173–4 Arab Oil Ministers conference 138, 171 Chávez, Hugo 46–7, 108 Arab Revolt (1916–1918) 47 Chevron 49, 125 Arab Spring 78, 84–5, 206, 208 Church Commission 111 ARCO company 125 Churchill, Winston 129 Arctic Ocean 23 Citgo Petroleum Corporation As-Is Agreement see Achnacarry (CITGO) 46–7 Agreement civil war–oil revenue relationship 124, Auty, R. 59 209–17 Aziz, Tariq 195 conflict-inducing effects 211 Azzam, Abdullah 223 economic characteristics of 213–14 effect on GDP 217 backward-bending supply curve model pork-barrel politics and 213 156 rebel organizations 213 Baghdad Pact 204 weaknesses and critique of 216–17 Baku oil industry 128 climate policies, energy implications of Barents Sea 23 achieving emission reductions 244–6 Bin Laden, Usama 175, 223–4 investor reactions 242–4 biofuels 232, 245 producer reactions 240–42 269 Dag Harald Claes - 9781785360183 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/30/2021 03:28:30PM via free access M4630-CLAES_9781785360176_t.indd 269 23/10/2018 12:26 270 The politics of oil United Nations Framework emergency burden sharing, program Convention on Climate Change for 101 237–40 Emerging National Oil Companies climate warming abatement 238 (ENOCs) 107 CNOOC (Chinese oil company) 106, Chinese ENOCs 108 107 Energy 2020: Independence Day 179 coal 102, 129, 230–32, 236, 245 energy conservation Cold War 98, 165, 168, 186, 200, 214, in carbon sector in China 240 221 program for 101 Colgan, Jeff 109, 157, 186, 188, 189 energy consumption 230, 232–4 collective good 52, 122, 154, 182 energy independence 177, 179–80, 183 Commission on the Limits of the Energy Information Administration Continental Shelf (CLCS) 22 (EIA), US 24, 126, 178, 181, 185, Compagnie Française des Pétroles 231 (CFP) 130 energy security 102, 186, 188 concession agreements 18, 37 concept of 162–3 Conference of Arab Oil Ministers see in US 179 Arab Oil Ministers conference energy system ConocoPhillips 108 definition of 230–31 Coordinated Emergency Response national and regional 238 Measures (CERM) 101 patterns of consumption 232–4 Corrales, Javier 47 role of oil in 230–37 corruption 46, 74, 77, 79, 93, 211, 213 energy transition 96, 230, 232, 246 mismanagement of public funds 85 Energy Transmission Infrastructures and rent seeking 80–81 (ETI) 222, 225 Creole Petroleum Corporation 43 English Civil War (1642–1651) 6 Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) 134 Daesh see Islamic State of Iraq and the environmental degradation 212, 245 Levant (ISIL) European Convention on Human D’Arcy, William K. 129 Rights (ECHR) 7 Dasgupta–Heal–Solow–Stiglitz model exclusive economic zone 21 66 exploration and production (E&P) ‘Desert Shield’ operation 174, 197 14–19, 33, 35, 38, 41, 57, 113, ‘Desert Storm’ operation 174, 197 116 Deutsche Bank 129 exploration risks 19, 129 developing countries 10, 35, 38, 40, 59, nationalization of 38 65, 81–3, 107, 239 operational aspects of 35 downstream sectors 116, 124 publicly-owned 14 Drake, Edwin L. 123 ExxonMobil 108, 125 Dutch Disease 68, 72 concept of 60 Faisal, King 170–72 economic effects of 60, 61–5 fiscal policy, oil state 65–72 traded and non-traded sector 69 Dasgupta–Heal–Solow–Stiglitz model 66–7 Ecuador 149 macro-economic effects of 66 electricity generation 231, 237, 245 Norway 86–8 by coal 237 Saudi Arabia 83–6 global energy mix of 245 spending 76–8 electric vehicles (EV) 235–7, 245 sustainability of 66–7 embedded liberalism 98 taxation 74–6 Dag Harald Claes - 9781785360183 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/30/2021 03:28:30PM via free access M4630-CLAES_9781785360176_t.indd 270 23/10/2018 12:26 Index 271 Venezuela 81–3 Hubbert, M. King 31 volatility of 67–70 model of oil price 32 Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) 38, human rights 5–6 70 UN Human Rights Covenants 11 fossil fuels 230, 239, 245 Hurricane Katrina (2005) 101 fuel switching 235–6 Hussein, Saddam 147, 195–9, 205 Gazprom 108 Ibn Saud, Abd al-Aziz 47–8, 50, General Agreement on Tariffs and 166–7 Trade (GATT) 98–100 Ickes, Harold L. 127–8 global energy governance 96, 109, 110 “income target” strategy 156 global oil industry 99, 112, 129 Industrial Revolution 232 Global Terrorism Database (GTD) institutional oil regime complex 218, 221 109–14 Global Terrorism Index (GTI) 228 intergenerational equity 66 Gomez, Juan Vincent 43 internal combustion engine 236 government–companies relationships International Court of Justice 22 35–42 International Energy Agency (IEA) 99, obsolescing bargaining model 35–8 100–102, 110–11, 113, 178, 233, Parra’s model of 37 235–8 Vernon’s model of 35–6 anti-OPEC profile of 101, 111 greenhouse gas emissions 234 co-operation with China 102 and economic development 240 Coordinated Emergency Response in industrial sector 235 Measures (CERM) 101 rebound effect on 236 ‘Current Policies’ scenario 233 strategies for reduction of 237, 239, ‘New Policies’ scenario 233, 237 244–6 oil crisis management system 101 in transportation sector 235–7 ‘Sustainable Development’ scenario gross domestic product (GDP) 55, 59, 233, 237 65, 91–4, 99, 210, 214, 217, 235 Technology Collaboration annual growth in per capita 65, 91–4 Programmes 102 effect of oil resource-related civil war International Energy Forum (IEF) on 217 102–3 export revenue ratio 89 anti-OPEC profile of 102 Norwegian 87 Joint Oil Data Initiative (JODI) 102 petroleum exports as share of 68–9 International Monetary Fund (IMF) Gulbenkian, Calouste 130 98 Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) 174, International Oil Companies (IOCs) 193–4, 201–3, 204 18–19, 28, 34–5, 39, 41–2, 107, Gulf Oil 43, 172 104–13, 123, 137, 170 Gulf plus pricing system 131 Church Commission 111 Gulf War (1991) see Iraq-Kuwait War competition among 43 Frank Hendryx 37 Hartwick’s Rule, on sustainable in Norway 53–4, 57 development 66, 71 and NOCs 106–9 Hendryx, Frank 37 Obsolescing Bargaining Model 36 Holmes, Frank 48 relationship with host states 36 Hotelling, Harold 3, 25–7 Subcommittee on Multinational extraction rule of 66 Corporations 111 Hotelling theorem 27, 156 in Venezuela 43–4 Dag Harald Claes - 9781785360183 Downloaded from Elgar Online at 09/30/2021 03:28:30PM via free access M4630-CLAES_9781785360176_t.indd 271 23/10/2018 12:26 272 The politics of oil international oil market 112, 117, 131, Kuwait–Iraq War see Iraq–Kuwait 133–4, 136, 158, 164–5, 176, 183–4 War history of 104 structure of 115 Law of the Sea 21–3 International Political Economy (IPE) League of Nations 130 97–8, 103 lease contracts 14, 18 of oil market governance 103–9 Le Billon, P. 214–15 International Relations (IR) 96–7, 162, Libyan Producers Agreement 169 164–5, 183, 186–7, 200 Locke, John 4, 6, 8–9, 11 Iran Lukoil 108 Iranian revolution (1978–1979) 28, 140–41, 158, 205 Mabro, Robert 27, 149 political effects of oil wealth in 73 Maduro, Nicolás 46–7, 81 rivalry with Saudi Arabia 205–6 Marathon Oil 125 Iran–Iraq war (1980–1988) 28–9, 31, Marie Byrd Land 12 141–2, 158, 174, 190–95 market power declaration of 191 concept of 117–18 “human wave” tactic 192 of national oil companies 40 naval war battle 192 of politics 134–5 OPEC reaction on 194 market structure, concept of 115–17 Saudi Arabia’s involvement in 192–3 Meierding, Emily 190–91, 199 Shatt al-‘Arab waterway 191 Middle East UN Resolution 598 for cease-fire lease contracts for oil fields 18 192 operations of Seven Sisters in 133 Iraq Persian Gulf 186 economic crisis 199 political conflicts in 111 Gulf War (1991) 101 relation with US 173–5 Rumaila oil field 196, 198 role of oil in US invasion of 166, 175–7 interstate conflicts 186, 188–90 Iraq–Kuwait War national security 186–8 of 1961 190 security of oil supplies from 173 of 1990–1991 52, 101, 147–8, 186, militarized interstate disputes (MID) 192, 198, 203 189, 207 Irwin, John N. 169 Mining Act (1791) France 7 Islamic fundamentalism 175, 202, 204 Mommer, Bernard 6, 44 Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant monopoly (ISIL) 219, 225–6 American anti-monopoly legislation oil revenues 226 133 characteristics of 118 Joint Oil Data Initiative (JODI) 102 monopoly profit 119 joint ventures 45–6, 106, 134, 180 profit and welfare loss to society 120 jurisdictional rights 10–11 Standard Oil’s 125 state’s exercise of 5–7, 9 theory of 118–19 Moran, Theodore H. 139 Keohane, Robert 97, 112, 164 Mubarak, Husni 195–6 Keynes, John M.
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