21189 4/19/05 5:42 PM Page C1 RIVERBANKsRIVERBANKs May-June 2005

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Contents

Volume XXIV, Number 3 Riverbanks is published six times a year for members of Riverbanks Society by The Observation Deck 1 Riverbanks Zoological Park and Botanical Garden, Columbia, SC Plan Your Visit 2 Elephant Enlightment 4 Riverbanks Park Commission Education Adventures 8 J. Carroll Shealy, Chairman Ella Bouknight Hanging Around With Slow-Moving Sloths 12 Claudine Gee In The Know 13 Cantey Heath, Sr. Lloyd Liles Special Garden Section 15 James E. Smith Tracey Waring Robert P. Wilkins Lawrence W. Johnson, Chairman Emeritus Riverbanks Society Board of Directors H. Perry Shuping, President Jeremy G. Wilson, Vice-President Sharon Jenkins, Secretary Jan Stamps, Treasurer Stephen K. Benjamin, Esq. Joseph R. Blanchard Mike Brenan David J. Charpia Donna Croom Robert G. Davidson William H. Davidson II 12 Thomas N. Fortson Mary Howard 4 Mark D. Locke, MD, FAAP Richard N. McIntyre Dorothy G. Owen C.C. Rone, Jr. Philip Steude, MD James S. Welch Roslyn Young Don F. Barton, Director Emeritus

Riverbanks Senior Staff Riverbanks Magazine Satch Krantz Dixie Kaye Allan Executive Director Executive Editor/Art Director Kim M. Benson Monique Jacobs Director of Human Resources Editor George R. Davis Ashley Walker Director of Finance Graphic Artist Ed Diebold Larry Cameron 20 Director of Animal Collections Photographer Kevin Eubanks Director of Guest Services Chris Gentile Riverbanks Hours of Operation: Director of Conservation Education Open daily 9am – 5pm Eric Helms 9am – 6pm on Saturday & Sunday, April through September Director of Facilities Management Closed Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day Melodie Scott-Leach Special closings may be announced. Director of Horticulture Tommy Stringfellow Director of Marketing Subscriptions to Riverbanks are $24 per year. Members of Riverbanks Keith Benson, DVM Society are entitled to one free subscription along with free admission and Senior Veterinarian guest passes, discounts at Zoo & Garden gift shops, invitations to special Andy Cabe events and much more. To subscribe to Riverbanks or to join the Society, Curator of Horticulture call 803.779.8717 x1111 or x1239. John Davis Curator of Mammals Riverbanks Zoological Park and Botanical Garden is accredited by the Scott Pfaff American Zoo and Aquarium Association and the American Association Curator of Herpetology of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta. Bob Seibels Front cover: Koala and her joey Curator of Birds Photograph by Larry Cameron 21189 4/21/05 7:44 PM Page 1

The Observation Deck

e are pleased to feature two very important achievements in this issue of Riverbanks magazine–the birth of our first baby koala and the w10th anniversary of Riverbanks Botanical Garden. The state gift of four koalas from the government of Queensland, Australia, has been chronicled in previous magazines and does not bear repeating, except to once again thank Premier Beattie and the Queensland government for their incredible kindness. However, the birth of Karoo does warrant special attention. From December 2004 until early March 2005 practically every Riverbanks employee and volunteer made a daily pilgrimage to the Koala Knockabout exhibit. We were all hoping to be the first person to see a little koala leg or head emerge from Lottie’s pouch, something we were told would happen. Apparently, neither Lottie nor Karoo got the word because our first good look at the youngster came one morning when we discovered it completely out of the pouch!

Through the generosity of South Carolina Electric & Gas (SCE&G), we have been able to share this amazing event with the entire world. Our good friends at SCE&G have provided us with a very high quality Web camera, known as SCE&G ZooView. The ZooView camera has been focused on Lottie and Karoo for the past several weeks and can be seen on our Web site at www.riverbanks.org. We are indebted to SCE&G for its continued support of the Zoo and Garden.

This summer also marks the 10th anniversary of the opening of the Botanical Garden. In just 10 short years, the Garden has grown (no pun intended) into one of the best public botanical gardens in the United States. But don’t just take our word for it. Last spring HGTV recognized our Garden as of the 20 best in the country. Just a few weeks later, Horticulture magazine named it one of the 10 most inspiring gardens in America. If you haven’t been to the Garden in a while, you need to visit soon. You will be amazed at how well it has matured over such a brief period of time.

In honor of the Garden’s anniversary, we have planned a special spring- and summer-long promotion aimed at making the Garden even more accessible. Aptly named First Thursdays in the Garden, the Garden will be open from 6-9pm on the first Thursday of each month through September 1. First Thursdays in the Garden will feature live music, food and drinks as well as special gardening demonstrations. Make plans to spend a summer evening in the Garden. You won’t be disappointed.

Mission Statement It is our mission to foster appreciation and concern for all living things. We are dedicated to providing: ◆ the highest standards of care for our animal and plant collections ◆ a diverse educational and high-quality recreational experience for all Riverbanks visitors ◆ all the resources at our disposal for the conservation of the earth’s flora and fauna.

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Plan Your Visit

First Thursdays in the Garden

May 5, June 2, July 7, August 4, September 1 Looking for an alternative after-hours retreat? What happens to a lion, zebra, giraffe and hippo Join us at Riverbanks for First Thursdays in the Garden. when they break out of the Central Park Zoo? Now through September, Riverbanks Botanical Garden will open its doors from 6-9pm on the first Thursday of Find out in Madagascar, an animated each month. Meet and discover local artists, listen to live DreamWorks production, opening in May. music, talk to a trained horticulturist and fall in step Special Offer for Riverbanks Society Members Only: with one of our impromptu tours. Watch Madagascar at any participating Eastern Admission: Society members $2, nonmembers $4. Federal Theater and redeem this coupon Food and beverages will be available for purchase. for $1 off any concession purchase! upcoming eventS

Members’ Night Out – May 5 First Thursdays in the Garden – May 5 Mother’s Day Brunch – May 8 2nd Annual Wine Tasting at Riverbanks Garden – May 14 Enrichment Encounter Day – May 15 First Thursdays in the Garden – June 2 World Ocean Day – June 4 Watch Wildlife in Action Discover Enrichment Encounter Day Gorilla and Debrazza Monkey Enrichment - 11am Galapagos Tortoise Enrichment - 1pm Plus other animal enrichment activities throughout the day Just what is enrichment? Enrichment encompasses a variety of activities where objects, sounds and/or scents are used to encourage natural behaviors of the animals under our care. Every day the animals at Riverbanks are enriched naturally in their exhibits. In their off-exhibit areas, the animals are given artificial enrichment, such as boxes and papier-mache, for physical and mental stimulation. During Enrichment Encounter Day, artificial enrichment is brought out onto to the animal exhibits so you have the opportunity to watch wildlife in action. Please make plans to join us and discover the thrill of enrichment! 2 21189 4/21/05 7:44 PM Page 3

scE&G ZooView Zooms In On Baby Karoo

It snuggles, it nudges, it stretches, it sleeps—and the whole world is watching! Thanks to an invaluable relationship with Queensland, Australia, and a long-standing partnership with South Carolina Electric & Gas Company (SCE&G), Riverbanks Zoo & Garden has entered a new era in history, technology and insight. Since March 2001, Riverbanks has been proud to care for and display a group of koalas that were given as a gift by the government of Queensland, as a result of a sister-state relationship with South Carolina. This gift was truly remarkable since the Australian government considers koalas a national treasure, and they are rarely made available to zoos in other countries. Only a few zoos in the U.S. exhibit koalas, and few have successfully bred them. During a routine examination last September, a jellybean-sized koala joey—the first-ever born in South Carolina history—was discovered in mother Lottie’s pouch. As a result, Riverbanks invited children from Queensland’s Gold Coast and Columbia, South Carolina, to help come up with a name for the tiny koala. Four suggested names were submitted by students from Queensland; then students from elementary schools in Richland and Lexington counties voted on their favorite name. On March 15 Riverbanks formally announced “Karoo” as the winning name of the emerging joey. SCE&G simultaneously unveiled its new educational Web site, EnergeticMinds.com, featuring a live, inside look at Riverbanks’ koala exhibit through a state-of- the-art camera dubbed SCE&G ZooView. SCE&G graciously provided the ZooView camera to Riverbanks as part of a shared commitment to education initiatives within the surrounding communities. In step with this mission, SCE&G developed EnergeticMinds.com to help parents, teachers and students learn about energy and energy use. The interactive, community-oriented Web site entertains and informs—a perfect setting for ZooView, which adds even more fun and insight into the “energy” of animals at Riverbanks and beyond. Ties between SCE&G and Riverbanks date as far back as 1969 when SCE&G freed up 100 acres of land on both sides of the Lower Saluda River, and the Riverbanks Park Commission leased it for 99 years at only $1 per year. Ultimately, the land was transformed into the Zoo & Garden. Today the ongoing partnership continues, and already plans are in the works to add more live video feeds at other popular Zoo exhibits to the ZooView roster. In the meantime, be sure to check out ZooView at www.EnergeticMinds.com or www.riverbanks.org to catch a glimpse of cute little Karoo and Mama Lottie, too.

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Elephant Enlightenment

most spectacular animals. AZA zoos can make a Ed Diebold difference through captive management, conservation Director of Animal Collections education and field conservation. However, there are and those who feel that zoos should not have elephants at all. Several well-organized and highly vocal animal rights John Davis groups have taken a stance suggesting that zoos are Curator of Mammals incapable of providing adequate care for, or satisfying the complex social and psychological needs of, captive Riverbanks’ guests often find themselves at a loss for elephants. Some have asserted that zoos should not have words to describe their feelings when they visit the elephants and that all remaining zoo elephants should be elephants live and up close. While all of the animals at sent to sanctuaries to live out their lives, never to Riverbanks have characteristics and behaviors that make reproduce and never to be replaced once they die. This them special, there is something uniquely compelling viewpoint has been seemingly validated by several highly about an animal that is so massive, yet so graceful and publicized cases in which AZA-accredited zoos chose to intelligent. The emotions that people experience when eliminate elephants from their collections and, in doing so, viewing elephants tend to foster a deep empathy for the sent their elephants to sanctuaries rather than to other species, which face a very uncertain future in the wild. AZA-accredited zoos. These cases have been reported in African elephant populations have declined by over detail, and not always accurately, by the national news 75% in just the past 20 years, and Asian elephants have media, and the animal rights perspective is being been listed as endangered since 1976. At this time, presented more and more often. Because of this, approximately one-third of all Asian elephants on Earth are Riverbanks’ senior staff felt this would be an opportune in human care. Now more than ever, there is a time to explain to our dedicated members the Riverbanks tremendous opportunity for the 77 American Zoo and perspective on elephants in AZA zoos. Aquarium Association (AZA)-accredited zoos, housing a It is important to first understand that, in order to qualify total of 294 African and Asian elephants, to make a for AZA accreditation, zoos and aquariums must achieve difference for the long-term survival of one of the world’s the highest level of professional development and 4 21189 4/19/05 5:42 PM Page 5

standards. Of the more than 2,500 animal exhibitors of Conservation & Science, did a wonderful job licensed by the United States Department of Agriculture describing the differences and similarities between (USDA), only 211 meet the rigorous accreditation AZA-accredited zoos and private sanctuaries. Well standards of the AZA. These 211 accredited zoos and balanced and thought provoking, this article is aquariums, and their professional staff, are also subject to well worth the read and can be found online at the AZA’s By-Laws and Code of Professional Ethics. The www.aza.org/Publications/2004/ZooVsSanctuary.pdf. AZA accreditation process analyzes an institution’s If you have the chance to take a look at it, you likely operations in depth, including its governing authority, will be struck by the many similarities between zoos and support organization, scope and expertise of staff sanctuaries. Riverbanks agrees that, in many important members, finances, education and interpretation ways, zoos and sanctuaries share common ground. We programs, physical facilities, safety and security, animal have no doubt that the best-run sanctuaries (in general collections and care, veterinary care and terms, the equivalent of AZA-accredited institutions versus conservation/research activities. Each AZA facility is non-accredited institutions) and their staff have the best subject to mandatory re-accreditation every five years, and interests of the elephants who live there as their highest every one of the accreditation standards is reviewed and priority. They strive to provide their elephants with the upgraded on an annual basis by the AZA Accreditation very best facilities and care. Indeed, the sanctuaries in Commission, with the review and approval of the AZA Hohenwald, Tennessee, and San Andreas, California, that Board of Directors. recently have received elephants from AZA institutions are Through its accreditation process, the AZA performs a able to provide larger areas of land for their elephants than valuable role in the cooperative development of standards most zoos, and they bring a significant amount of resources for zoo and aquarium animal management and care, to bear in caring for their animals. We agree that providing designed to advance the collective mission of the AZA and elephants with as much space as possible is an ideal its members. To this end, the Association has developed a approach, however, we are aware of no scientific studies comprehensive network of animal management and to guide us in determining either an ideal minimum or conservation and science programs (e.g., Population maximum amount of space for elephant enclosures. We Management Plans, Species Survival Plans, Taxon Advisory also agree with Dr. Hutchins’ assessment that it is not Groups and Scientific Advisory Groups) that contribute in space alone that determines the quality of an elephant various ways to the development and improvement of habitat. Complexity of the habitat, environmental these standards. An incredible number of years of enrichment, herd size and composition, training, safety practical experience and scientific research are brought (for both elephants and keepers), veterinary care and to bear by program participants, and all of the resultant nutrition all contribute to the well being of captive standards exceed federal regulations for animal care. elephants. We believe these are critical components With this said, no species has benefited from a more of all spaces for elephants in human care. rigorous review of management and care standards The two sanctuaries mentioned above are accredited than elephants. by The Association of Sanctuaries (TAOS). However, as The AZA Standards for Elephant Management and Care, Dr. Hutchins points out, the TAOS Web site provides no which were adopted in 2001 and revised in 2003, came information on their accreditation process, how long about as the result of an unprecedented systems-wide accreditation lasts or the specific standards to which TAOS review of elephant standards mandated and overseen by members are held. Because of the lack of understanding of the AZA Board of Directors. The new standards thoroughly TAOS accreditation standards, AZA institutions that opt to address all aspects of elephant management and care send an elephant(s) to one of these sanctuaries must be including appropriate environmental variables prepared to carry out an individual and thorough inspection (temperature, light, space, food and water, herd size and of the facility to ensure that, on all levels, an appropriate composition and human-animal interactions), health and level of animal management and care is provided. In an nutrition (diet and medical management), reproduction, ideal world, AZA institutions and sanctuaries would behavior management (training, management identify a mutually agreed to set of accreditation standards, systems/protocols, safety and restraint), staff organization in this way allowing for collaborative management of and training, conservation, education, research and elephants between the two. However, these mutually cooperative management via the Species Survival Plan agreed to standards do not exist at this time, and there is a (SSP). They are the most comprehensive guidelines for the very important philosophical difference between AZA captive management of elephants yet developed. Another zoos and sanctuaries that must be addressed before series of recent meetings was held at the highest level to routine collaborations are likely to happen. further refine the AZA’s standards and vision for the future AZA zoos believe that elephants in our care play an of elephant management. With this in mind, should we essential role in the survival of the species in the wild assign credence to the suggestions of some animal rights through captive management, conservation education and groups that elephants should not be maintained in zoos? field conservation. The captive management of elephants Should we accept the idea that zoo elephants be retired to in AZA institutions is accomplished through the Elephant sanctuaries where they will eventually die out and never SSP, which manages the populations of African and Asian be replaced? elephants through reproduction and importation to ensure In an article published in the August 2004 edition of the the population’s sustainability. Generally speaking, the AZA Communique magazine, Michael Hutchins, PhD, objectives of TAOS accredited sanctuaries do not include Director and William Conway Chair of the AZA Department captive breeding to maintain a sustainable population 5 21189 4/19/05 5:42 PM Page 6

(it is uncertain whether or not this is true of all TAOS AZA institutions are carefully managed via the Elephant accredited sanctuaries). This strategy, if adopted by all SSP which follows the most comprehensive set of elephant holding facilities, would lead to the eventual management and care guidelines yet developed for extinction of elephants in zoos. elephants in human care. Some animal rights groups On the surface, this may seem to be an insurmountable continue to report that elephants can live to be 70 years philosophic chasm that cannot be bridged. However, old but die much earlier while under the care of zoos. That Riverbanks does not see these two belief systems as being is like saying that humans can live to be 112 years old, mutually exclusive. The lack of suitable holding space is a when the large majority do not. Recent objective analysis limiting factor for the management of many captive animal of captive elephant populations supports the fact that populations. Some animals no longer called upon to breed elephants maintained in AZA institutions have life (e.g., animals that have already produced enough offspring, expectancies similar to elephants in the wild, a reflection animals that are too old to breed, animals with behavioral of successful captive elephant care. problems) must sometimes be maintained in spaces As with many species in our care, zoo professionals needed for breeding animals in order to maintain the long- continue to learn from elephants. Much of what we have term health of the population. Certainly the best-run learned from them has benefited their wild counterparts. It sanctuaries could serve an extremely valuable role in has also helped us to better understand their unique needs. ensuring the long-term health of captive elephant We are committed to serve our elephants in ways that populations by providing a quality home for this group of provide them with an enriched environment that will animals without participating in organized captive allow them to enjoy the full range of life experiences. Are breeding. Perhaps future dialogue between zoos and our current standards for elephant management adequate sanctuaries will resolve these issues and we will find a way to meet the physical, social and psychological needs of to work together to ensure the future of all elephants. our elephant populations? Absolutely. Can we do a better But there remains the assertion of some animal rights job with elephant management? Of course we can, and groups that elephants should not be kept in zoos under ongoing self-analysis will ensure that we continue to any circumstance. On this issue, Riverbanks will simply improve on all fronts for the welfare of all of our precious have to agree to disagree. The AZA is comprised of caring, and sometime irreplaceable animal populations … trusted experts committed to ensuring that elephants are including elephants. part of the world’s future. Through our conservation, education and research programs, elephants in our care References play an essential role in the survival of the species in the Hutchins, Michael, “What’s in a Name: Zoo Vs. wild. The AZA advocates on behalf of elephants with a Sanctuary.” American Zoo and Aquarium Association unified and consistent voice and collaborates with others Communique. August 2004, pp. 54-56. committed to the long-term survival of elephants. AZA institutions support some 80 research projects devoted to elephant conservation in their native habitats. Elephants in

Dive into World Ocean Day at Riverbanks Saturday, June 4, 10:00am–3:00pm

Come discover the Wonders of Water as we celebrate World Ocean Day at Riverbanks. Visit the Aquarium Reptile Complex and take the "Wildlife Friendly Yard" pledge. Learn more about sustainable seafood choices and meet some fascinating critters. Our aquarium staff will be on hand to answer all of your questions about oceans and how to help keep them healthy. Don't miss this unique opportunity to dive into World Ocean Day!

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“Sensational! It will draw you in like a porch light.” – Moth Monthly

“Eight thumbs up.” – Spider Sentinel

now showing 3-d# adventure theater

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Education adventures

ur award-winning education Garden Art Dry Gardens O Saturday, May 21, 10:00am-noon Saturday, July 9, 10:00am-noon programs are a great way to learn Creating colorful objects for the garden can Do you like the Southwest look but don’t more about the fascinating wildlife at add character to anyone’s yard. Riverbanks’ know how to get it? This class will cover all Riverbanks Zoo & Garden! All programs staff will show you how to take home some those low maintenance plants that grow in dry, are $7 per person for Riverbanks fun, whimsical art. Several easy to accomplish desert-like conditions. These plants are great projects will be covered, and we will give all together in a “dry garden” or mixed in with Society members and $13 per person great ideas to inspire you to create one-of-a- other perennials for a warm, southern look. for nonmembers (except programs for kind art for your garden space Learn how to use these plants, where to get ages 2–4 where one adult is required Sweet Grass Basket Weaving them, and which different plants do great in to attend with each child at no extra Session I - Saturday, May 21, 10:00am-2:00pm South Carolina’s sandy soils! charge), unless otherwise noted. Session II - Saturday, May 28, 10:00am-2:00pm Back by popular demand! Carolina sweet grass ZOOVenture Programs Programs for children ages 2–4 basketry is a traditional, native craft form that is Birds (3–4 years old) are 45 minutes long and include: arts both beautiful and functional. Weaver Mary Come to this class to get the scoop on our and crafts, story time, games, live Graham-Grant will instruct students on the fine, feathered friends. animal encounters and Zoo walks. history, materials and techniques. Students will Introduction to Watercolor Painting As always, we are interested in your complete one basket during this 4-hour (10-15 years old) workshop. All materials will be provided. Join local artist Jeanne Lirola for an introduction comments and suggestions and invite Students should bring a pair of scissors and a to watercolor painting. This workshop is you to call the Education Department bag lunch. Please note if you are left or right designed to guide children ages 10-15 in at 803.779.8717 x1400, 9am to 4:30pm handed upon registration. Ages 16 and up. completing an animal-themed watercolor Tuesday through Friday. A registration $35 members, $41 nonmembers painting. Class will meet from 10:00am-2:00pm Hardscape with a lunch break from noon-1pm. form is available below or register Saturday, June 4, 10:00am-noon Participants should bring a bag lunch. A list of online at www.riverbanks.org. Now is the time to build the stone patio or basic supplies that each child will need to We look forward to seeing retaining wall you have been wanting. Stone bring will be provided. you at Riverbanks! can be used to build pathways, patios, $25 for members/ $31 for nonmembers waterfalls and more. This class will show you Mammals (2–4 years old) hands-on techniques for using stone to accent Did you know there are some mammals that Garden Programs for Adults your garden. lay eggs? Learn all about these exceptional Plant Identification mammals and meet a few up close. All adult classes –$15 members, $21 Saturday, June 11, 10:00am-noon Mother’s Day at the Zoo (2–6 years old) nonmembers Clemson Extension will lead this practical class Learn about amazing animal mothers and Annuals and Perennials on basic plant identification. The first half will create a present to give to your mom. Saturday, May 7, 10:00am-noon be spent learning basic features to look for and Pony Care 101 (7–12 years old) Now is the time to get that garden full of terminology. The second half of the class will Join us at the Farm to meet our newest colorful blooms. Come find out what be spent on the Woodland Walk identifying additions: ponies. If you want to know more perennials perform the best all summer as well many of the native plants found along the trail. about basic pony care, including grooming as which annuals provide the best constant The Fragrant Garden and feeding, then this is the class for you! color for the garden. Saturday, June 25, 10:00am-noon Snakes (3–4 years old) Container Gardening There are many facets to planning a garden, Meet some of our scaly friends up close and Saturday, May 14, 10:00am-noon but using scent as a theme is one of the most discover some of their amazing adaptations. This class will demonstrate how to put together pleasurable. This class will highlight the many plant combinations as focal points for the flowers that produce a wonderful fragrance garden. We will discuss great plants for and add beauty to the garden year round. containers as well as tips for maintaining them. PROGRAM REGISTRATION FORM Class Registration ______Parent/Registrant’s Name Member # f Preregistration is required for all activities. ______f Name of Program Participant Age Please complete the registration form. ______f No registrations will be accepted by phone. Street Address f ______Register early. Space is limited. City/State/Zip f Upon receipt of registration and payment, a ______confirmation will be mailed. Email______f If an activity is filled, your check will be returned. Daytime Phone______Evening Phone______Program(s) Date Time Fee ______Cancellations and Refunds ______f Written cancellation must be received at least two ______weeks before the scheduled program date in order to Please make checks payable to Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. receive a refund or reschedule your reservation. Mail completed form and payment to: f No refunds will be issued for cancellations made less Riverbanks Zoo & Garden than two weeks before the program date. Attn: Education Department f Riverbanks reserves the right to cancel or reschedule PO Box 1060 any activity. Columbia, SC 29202-1060 f A full refund will be issued if Riverbanks cancels any activity. Applications are also available on our Web site: www.riverbanks.org 8 21189 4/19/05 6:44 PM Page 9

Free Clemson Extension Urban Horticulture Demonstrations Saturdays from 11:00am-1:00pm

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10:00 Birds 10:00 Mother’s Day at the Zoo 12:00 Mother’s Day at the Zoo 3-4 years old 2 years old 5-6 years old 12:00 Mother’s Day at the Zoo 10:00-12:00 Annuals & 3-4 years old Perennials Adults May 2005 11:00 FREE Control of Landscape Insects

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 10:00 Snakes 10:00 Mammals 10:00 Birds 2 years old 3-4 years old 2 years old 10am-2pm Watercolor Painting 12:00 Birds 10-15 years old 3-4 years old 11:00 pm Mammals 3-4 years old 10:00-12:00 Container Gardening Adults 11:00 Lawn Care FREE

15 16 17 18 19 20 8:30–11:00 Pony Care 101 21 10:00 Birds 10:00 Mammals 7-12 years old 3-4 years old 2 years old 12:00 Mammals 10:00-12:00 Garden Art Adults 3-4 years old 10:00-2:00 Sweet Grass Basket Weaving I Adults 11:00 Composting FREE

10:00-2:00 Sweet Grass 28 Basket Weaving II Adults 22 23 24 25 26 27 11:00 Weed Control FREE

Summer Camp – almost full! Check www.riverbanks.org for the classes that are still available.

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 10:00 Hardscape Adults 4 11:00 Tool Care FREE e 2005 Jun

5 6 7 8 9 10 10:00 Plant Identification 11 Adults SUMMER CAMP 11:00 Propagation FREE

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SUMMER CAMP

19 20 21 22 23 24 11:00 Plant ProblemSolving25 FREE 10:00 The Fragrant Garden SUMMER CAMP Adults

26 27 28 29 30 July 1 July 2 SUMMER CAMP

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 4 5 6 7 8 9 11:00 House Plant Care FREE 10:00 Dry Gardens Adults July 2005

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 SUMMER CAMP

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SUMMER CAMP

24 25 26 27 28 29 30 SUMMER CAMP

All Zoo programs are printed in Black and Garden programs are Green. 9 21189 4/19/05 5:43 PM Page 10

Now Open

Experience the Difference

Self-Serve Grab ‘n’ Go Stations More Menu Variety

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Operating a brand name restaurant inside a zoo has challenges that are not typical at your "neighborhood corner" location. While we have enjoyed our relationship with Burger King, Riverbanks and Aramark mutually agreed not to renew our franchise with the fast food giant. Instead, we decided to focus on a concept more appropriate to the Zoo that features a more varied menu and an African theme. So how will the new Kenya Café be different from its predecessor or Burger King? While we weren't able to completely renovate the building, I think you will appreciate the functionality of our mini "extreme makeover." The new open floor plan and self- serve concepts should allow our guests more food options and better overall service. It's always a bit stressful during the planning and opening stages of new facilities. The one thing I always find comfort in, however, is knowing that everyone involved in the process has the same common goal and desire: to make the Riverbanks experience better for our valued guests. I hope you will give the new Kenya Café a try on your next visit, and let us know what you think about it.

Sincerely,

Kevin Eubanks Director of Guest Services

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Hanging Around with slow-Moving sloths Lynn Yakubinis Mammal Keeper

long, curved claws, strong forelimbs and hind limbs. To facilitate their upside-down functions, some of their organs are in different positions than other mammals, and their brownish fur grows in the opposite direction of other mammals—from stomach to back, which allows rainwater to run off. Sloths are found in the tropical rainforests of South America. They are mainly arboreal (tree dwellers) but come down to the ground a couple times a week to urinate and defecate. They are easier prey when they venture to the ground, so they minimize their risk of being attacked by staying in the trees. Occasionally, they come down to the ground to move to a different tree, but they cannot walk; instead they drag themselves on their stomach with their claws. Interestingly, they are good swimmers. It is generally known that sloths move at a slow and As you wander through the Riverbanks Conservation deliberate pace, but if threatened or agitated they can Outpost, you may see a pair of titi monkeys resting in the move very quickly. They usually threaten with a hissing trees and an acouchi exploring the ground. If you stop for sound, then swing their strong forelimbs (while holding on a minute and examine the tree branches, you also may to the branches with their hind limbs), trying to scratch and discover a medium-sized brown sphere. This “ball of fur” grab in attempt to bring their opponent closer to their is the slowest mammal at Riverbanks, a female Hoffman’s extremely sharp teeth. two-toed sloth (Choloepus hoffmanni). She is nocturnal, so A female sloth produces only one offspring a year. The she usually sleeps during the day; but if you are lucky, you young clings to its mother’s stomach for five months until it can catch her climbing to a sun patch retreat or eating is strong enough to hang from branches on its own. Sloths from her food baskets. live for 12-20 years in the wild, but in captivity they can Being nocturnal enables sloths to hide from predators live for 30-35 years. The last male sloth at Riverbanks, Phil, (i.e., jaguars, raptors, humans) because they are harder to was 33 when he died. spot when they are still. Sloths also protect themselves in Usually sloths are solitary, but female sloths have been the wild by allowing green algae to grow on their fur, reported to gather together in the same tree. Sloths making them look like a clump of vegetation. The hairs of communicate mainly through scent marking since they sloth fur are grooved which encourages the algae to grow. rarely encounter each other. A sloth will rub its neck or The algae not only provide excellent camouflage but also rear end on the bottom of branches to mark its path. When supply nutrients, which are ingested by licking or are another sloth ventures on the same path, it will move absorbed through the skin. slowly, smelling the bottom of the branches as it climbs. Sloths are herbivores, and in the wild eat leaves, tender Sloths also communicate a small amount through twigs, buds, flowers and fruits. In captivity, they eat lettuce, vocalizations, but this is primarily in aggressive situations. vegetables and Marion biscuits (dry food with many There are two species of two-toed sloths, Hoffman’s nutrients). The sloth at Riverbanks is also offered browse (Choloepus hoffmanni) and Linne’s (Choloepus didactylus). (non-toxic plants), consisting of Lady Banks rose, bamboo Both of these species have two claws on each of their and red tip. Occasionally, she is offered fresh fruit. In the forelimbs and three claws on each of their hind limbs. wild, sloths rarely drink water; instead they obtain their The number of claws on their forelimbs distinguishes them water from leaves and licking water off their fur. The sloth from three-toed sloths, which have three claws on each of at the Zoo has been observed using her claws to scoop their forelimbs. Contrary to their names, neither species water out of a bowl, then licking the water off her claws. actually has toes; rather their names reflect the number Living life from an unusual angle, sloths naturally hang of claws on their forelimbs. upside down from branches. They eat, sleep, mate and The two species of two-toed sloths are hard to give birth in this position, gripping the branches with their differentiate. Previous criteria were based on 12 21189 4/19/05 5:43 PM Page 13

characteristics of their vertebrae and have proven to be population in captivity. In addition to increasing genetic inconclusive. Recently it was discovered that a blood test variability, zoos also want the species to remain distinct, can distinguish between the species. As a result, zoos therefore this new information will enable us to ensure currently are sending in small blood samples from their that we no longer breed Hoffman’s with Linne’s sloths. sloths to determine conclusively which species they exhibit. Currently, Riverbanks is trying to locate a male Hoffman’s In an effort to promote conservation and genetic two-toed sloth for the female with the intention of variability, the American Zoo and Aquarium Association producing offspring and ensuring the species continues to (AZA) created studbooks (record books where the lineage succeed. of individuals within a species is recorded). These records The next time you visit Riverbanks, take a stroll through help zoo professionals select animals that are unrelated to the Conservation Outpost and look for the Hoffman’s two- breed. I am currently the keeper of both Hoffman’s and toed sloth. You may be fortunate and see her moving to a Linne’s two-toed sloth studbooks. After it is determined new spot or eating some browse, but if not, rest assured accurately which species of sloth each zoo holds, it can be she is doing just what is natural for her to do—resting and decided which animals should breed to promote a stable hiding from predators.

In The Know

By – Ed Diebold, Director of Animal Collections

Building Riverbanks’ Conservation Commitment to the meeting, Bill distributed a survey to Riverbanks’ It is Riverbanks’ mission to foster an appreciation and staff to gauge the current status of conservation initiatives concern for all living things. One of the very important and the mindset of our staff regarding Riverbanks’ role as ways that we go about achieving this mission is by using a conservation organization. With the survey results as a the resources at our disposal for the conservation of the basis, Bill held a series of 10 meetings with Riverbanks’ earth’s flora and fauna. Riverbanks’ members have staff from various departments. At each meeting, Bill enjoyed many articles in Riverbanks magazine over the referred to the results of the survey as we explored a years about the diverse conservation and science efforts variety of avenues that we might pursue in developing a in which our staff members participate. These efforts larger, more coordinated conservation program at have taken various forms including: participation in Riverbanks. American Zoo and Aquarium Association (AZA) Species Six basic recommendations for conservation program Survival Plans (SSPs) for some 30 species of amphibians, development resulted: create a conservation coordinator reptiles, birds and mammals; sponsorship of North or director position; establish a conservation committee; American Regional and International Studbooks for a develop a strategic plan for species and habitat dozen species; commitments to leadership positions in conservation; develop a strategic plan for green practices AZA Taxonomic Advisory Groups (TAGs); appointments (campus conservation); develop a fundraising and to prominent AZA committees, International Union for marketing strategy; and define metrics for measuring the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) program’s success. specialist groups and local environmental councils; Riverbanks’ staff wasted little time in implementing involvement in conservation education initiatives; and these recommendations. Several internal meetings have active participation in a number of specific wildlife already resulted in the formation of a core conservation conservation projects. These projects have spanned the committee and three sub-committees (campus globe from Bali in Indonesia to the Island of Rodrigues in conservation, local/regional conservation and the Indian Ocean, from Chile and Suriname in South international conservation). By the time this issue America and the Russian Far East to right here in South reaches your home, we will have convened meetings of Carolina. each of these committees and made progress toward the Aside from these remarkable endeavors, Riverbanks’ development of our strategic plans for campus, staff wishes to accomplish more in the areas of flora, local/regional and international species and habitat fauna and general resources conservation and to conservation. If all goes according to plan (and I am develop an organizational structure that will maximize confident that it will), Riverbanks’ conservation our overall effort. To this end, Bill Konstant, Special commitment will take a giant leap forward. This is a Projects Director for Conservation International and Co- golden opportunity for all of the wonderful and diverse Chair of the AZA Field Conservation Committee, was conservation projects of the past and the present to invited to visit Riverbanks for a two-day planning coalesce into a cohesive, powerful and lasting meeting on December 8-9, 2004. Bill has successfully conservation program for the future. I look forward to facilitated the development and growth of conservation sharing our progress with you. programs at the Houston and Philadelphia Zoos and brings considerable professional expertise to bear. Prior Until the next time… 13 21189 4/19/05 5:43 PM Page 14

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riverbanks botanical garden 10th anniversary

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special 10th anniversary garden section

This year marks an important milestone in Riverbanks’ Immediately after purchasing the land, the Commission history—the 10th anniversary of the opening of Riverbanks and staff turned their attention to developing a plan for the Botanical Garden. It’s hard to imagine, but just 12 years ago land in Lexington. Zoo exhibits were soon ruled out, since this site was covered in pine and oak trees, honeysuckle the animal care staff had serious concerns about putting rare vines and waist-high briar thickets. and exotic animals in a remote location. These concerns While the Garden itself is only 10 years old, the concept centered on the fact that a bridge would separate the animals dates back to the earliest days of Riverbanks. Records from critical support facilities, such as the Zoo hospital. indicate that as far back as the mid-1960s, community So, we went back to the future. Since a botanical garden leaders were discussing the possible development of both a had been envisioned as a core component of the Riverbanks zoo and a botanical garden near the confluence of the project originally, we focused our attention on how this Broad and Saluda rivers. Those discussions eventually led to might be accomplished. Fortunately, this was not as difficult the creation of the Riverbanks Park project, including the as first imagined. The Zoo had established a very strong acquisition of land from SCE&G on both sides of the Saluda horticulture program, developed and managed by then River (approximately 100 acres in Richland County and 53 curator of horticulture, Jim Martin. This proved to be quite acres in Lexington County). Since the imminent zoo and helpful, in that much of the database needed to develop an garden were to be located in two different counties and initial concept existed in-house. municipalities, a Special Purpose District (SPD) was created We next employed the talents of one of the country’s to facilitate cooperation among the various local leading botanical garden design firms, Environmental governments. Richland and Lexington county councils and Planning and Design (EPD) of Pittsburgh. They partnered the City of Columbia agreed to participate in the funding of with Wilbur Smith and Associates, whose expertise would the project through the SPD. be needed in the overall design of the project, including the Following the creation of the SPD, work began almost connector bridge over the Saluda River. Following a series of immediately on the zoo portion of the project. In these open-door meetings, Richland and Lexington county earliest days of Riverbanks’ development, the Lexington councils approved a $7 million bond issue. component was identified as a passive recreation area, with The property offered a number of challenges, not the least nature trails and picnic tables. The two sides of the river being its dramatic topography. From the floor of what would were to be connected by a narrow footbridge. As often become the Visitors Center (once the site of a pig farm), the happens with large public projects, the cost of construction site dropped 100 feet to the river below. Since the only level was greater than originally anticipated. In the end, funds that land could be found at the top of the hill, the formal gardens had been budgeted for the Lexington property were used to and visitor center were located there, while more informal complete the project in Richland County, so for nature trails were placed along the river. approximately 25 years the Lexington site sat untouched, Construction of the Garden and bridge began in 1993, while the Zoo continued to expand and prosper. and by the summer of 1995 Riverbanks Botanical Garden In 1989 members of Lexington County Council expressed was complete. Visitors were amazed at the quality of the frustration over their continued financial support of facility, from the beautiful Visitors Center to the stunning Riverbanks Zoo. From the very beginning they had been Walled Garden. An old rose garden was constructed just promised a two-county asset, but so far all of the two years later, and in 2001 a formal entrance was added. development had been in Richland County and the city of The Garden has garnered quite a few accolades in its Columbia. The Riverbanks Park Commission, the governing first 10 years (a mere youngster compared to most public authority of Riverbanks Zoo & Garden, agreed and challenged gardens). In 2004 alone it was named one of the nation’s the staff to develop a plan for the Lexington property. most inspiring gardens by Horticulture magazine and Coincidently, a local investor approached the Riverbanks HGTV® placed it among the 20 best public gardens staff concerning a 17-acre parcel of land that he owned in America. immediately adjacent to the Lexington property. He was If you haven’t visited the Garden lately, you have missed interested in selling the land and wanted to know if the out on its incredible transformation. It has matured Commission would purchase it. The acquisition of this gracefully and is now, without question, one of the most property was critical to the future development of the beautiful locations in all of South Carolina. Please take the Botanical Garden, since it was located directly across the opportunity to reconnect with this incredible facility in Saluda River from the Zoo. Without it, the Commission tribute to its 10th anniversary. would have been forced to build an extremely long and expensive bridge, diagonally across the river in order to connect the Zoo with the Lexington property.

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From Elephant Ears to Tiger Eyes, This Garden's Growing Wild

By - Jenny Hargraves Brookgreen Gardens inspired the gateway, made Zoo Horticulturist completely of Saluda River driftwood fastened to a frame. The twisted, aged driftwood and yards of wild grapevine For those of you who have visited the Zoo lately, you gave the arbor a rustic, natural look. The other end of the may have noticed a new addition in front of the path was anchored by a driftwood split-rail fence, which Education Center. The Animal Garden was completed helped tie the ends of the path together. this winter, thanks to the hard work of the Horticulture The largest feature of the garden is a life-size giraffe, on staff, dedicated volunteers and the Maintenance loan from artist Laird Lanier based in Charlotte, NC. The Department. The idea for this garden evolved from the giraffe is made completely of metal, with an open frame devastating ice storm of last winter. Several trees and holding movable disks. It towers over a mini-grove of shrubs, originally located at the Education Center, were snakeskin bamboo and looks out over the path. damaged and had to be removed. Rather than replant After several months of compiling a plant list, we had with new trees and shrubs, the area was completely hundreds of plants ready to go in the ground. The woody cleared and leveled. Unsure of what to do with the plants include Dogwood ‘Wolf Eyes’, Magnolia space, several ideas were tossed around, but the concept ‘Miss Honeybees’, Toona sinensis ‘Flamingo’, Pinus ‘Sea of the Animal Garden prevailed. Urchin’, Ilex ‘Cardinal’ and Acer ‘Flamingo’ to name a The purpose of designing this garden was to create an few. These trees were planted mainly on the perimeter of entertaining, educational connection between plants and the garden to eventually produce some shade as well as animals using fun, colorful signage to identify plants with act as “walls” for the garden. animal names. Several hours of brainstorming resulted in The vast majority of plant material is made up of clever ideas for life-size animals and sod furniture, along herbaceous plants, both perennial and annual. Some of with lists and lists of plant names. the more obvious and more common perennial We already had numerous “animal” plants in the Zoo herbaceous plants include foxglove, beebalm, lamb’s ear, and Garden, but a large proportion of plants for this elephant ear, and butterfly bush. Some less common garden had to be special ordered from all over the USA. include Canna ‘Bengal Tiger’, Abelia ‘Bumblebees’, While the plants gathered by the hundreds, the Amaryllis ‘Red Lion’ and Kerria ‘Golden Guinea.’ All of construction of the hardscape began. An arbor at these cultivars do well in mostly sunny areas, which is 17 21189 4/21/05 7:44 PM Page 18

the case for most of the garden. Our annual herbaceous plants include bulbs Narcissus ‘White Lion’ and Tulipa ‘Blue Parrott’, and plants Ipomoea ‘Cardinal Climber’, Viola ‘Tiger Eyes’ and Coleus ‘Black Dragon.’ The center island of the garden is surrounded by the path and planted with numerous daylilies. Some of the cultivars of daylilies that have animal names include ‘Spiderman’, ‘Octopus Hugs’, ‘Tiger Kitten’, ‘Panda Bear’, ‘Hawk’ and ‘Swallow-tail Kite.’ To add whimsy to the garden, a large sod “snake” was constructed using centipede grass (yet another animal name). Using a clay base, we formed a twisting snake in the entire sod area. This artful creation gives new meaning to the phrase “snake in the grass.” The ultimate goal of this masterpiece was to provide our Education staff with a place to bring out animals and present informal classes, while creating a fun learning environment for children. The Education Department also placed several bird feeders and a birdbath on the outside edge of the garden to encourage observation of several wild birds. If you’ve ever built a garden at your home from the ground up, you know that much preparation and planning (and sweat) can make a project of this size seem like it is taking forever! And all of you gardeners-at- heart know that it is the hard work and precious time that makes the project all the more beautiful and satisfying in the end. So for those of you who haven’t yet visited the Animal Garden, come check it out! You just might be inspired to create a themed garden of your own.

Many Columbia natives refer to Riverbanks as “the Zoo,” but it has become much more to the “Camille” by Charlotte artist Laird Lanier city—and the state—than just a zoo. Riverbanks also maintains a world-class botanical garden, The highlight of the new Animal Garden in front of preserves historic landmarks linked to a rich the Education Center is the life-size giraffe sculpture, Southern history and safeguards much of the “Camille.” The name of this piece comes from the natural habitat along the Saluda River. Beyond Latin term for giraffe, Giraffa camelopardalis. While these notable elements, the Zoo & Garden offers Riverbanks has a great collection of art, we are the community an outdoor art gallery of sorts, as always looking for appropriate ways to add to our it is home to some interesting and diverse pieces collection. Camille is on loan to us from artist Laird of art that deserve to be recognized. Please join Lanier, but we would love to give her a permanent us for a glimpse into some of the inspiring work. home at Riverbanks. If you are interested in There is more art to see, so be sure to carve this sponsoring Camille as a memorial or honorarium, added dimension into your next Riverbanks visit. or just want to help share her with the many children who will come through the Animal Garden, please contact us at 803.779.8717x1240. To see more of Laird Lanier’s work, please visit www.movingsculpture.com.

Left: Stone face by Berkeley, California, artist Marcia Donahue Treetops Bridge in the Botanical Garden

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Ceramic urn by Columbia artist Tom Dimig Baby elephant by Texas artist Donna Dobberfuhl Purple border in the Walled Garden, Near elephant exhibit, Zoo Botanical Garden Donated by Loxcreen Company

Sea otters by Columbia artist Stavros A. Chrysostomides Walled Garden, Botanical Garden Orangutan by Texas artist Donna Dobberfuhl In memory of Walter Sullivan Carson and son William Near siamang exhibit, Zoo Raymond Carson Donated by Bi-Lo and Kellogg’s

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“Leap of Faith” by Columbia artist, Robert Allison Komodo monitor by artist Tom Tischler Near pony trail, Zoo Entrance Plaza, Zoo Donated by Bi-Lo

Galapagos tortoise by artist Tom Tischler “Jaguars on a Tree Stump” In front of Aquarium Reptile Complex, Zoo by artist Anna Hyatt Huntington Donated by Architects Boudreaux, Under trellis in Entrance Plaza, Zoo Hullstrand and Carter, Ltd. On loan from The Hispanic Society of America

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Baby Gorilla by Lexington artist Sissy Frierson Water garden sculpture by Florida artist Ndoki Forest, Zoo Garden Bog Plaza, Botanical Garden Donated by McNair Law Firm

“Happy the Tiger”, artist unknown near tiger exhibit, Zoo Donated by Stan Smith

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Riverbanks Botanical Garden 05 20 2nd Annual Wine Tasting at Riverbanks Botanical Garden Wine Tasting

Saturday, May 14 7:00-9:30pm

Indulge Your Senses Sample fine domestic and international wines Refresh the palate with savory light bites Listen to live jazz music Delight in one of the nation's most beautiful and inspiring botanical gardens $35 Riverbanks Society members, $45 nonmembers Tickets available at the following locations: Morganelli's Party Store on Forest Drive – Riverbanks Zoo & Garden Online at www.riverbanks.org – By phone at 803.779.8717 x1239 For orders online or by phone, please add $5 processing fee per order. Proceeds support conservation and education efforts at Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. For more than 30 years, Riverbanks has provided individuals, families and groups with a common place to connect with and learn about the world's wildlife and wild places. Parking at Garden Entrance Only

*Tickets must be purchased at Riverbanks, online or by phone to receive member discount. All tickets will be $45 the day of event. Limited number of tickets available. Must be age 21 or older.

Riverbanks society Non-Profit Org. PO Box 1060 U.S. Postage Columbia, SC 29202-1060 PAID special Columbia, S.C. garden Permit No. 90 section page 15