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Volume XXV, Number 5 Riverbanks is published six times a year for The Observation Deck 1 members of Riverbanks Society by Riverbanks Zoological Park and Botanical Who’s Afraid of the Black-Footed Cat? 2 Garden, Columbia, SC Plan Your Visit 4 Understanding the Birds and the Bees 6 Riverbanks Park Commission James E. Smith, Chairman In the Kitchen with Chef Marcus 9 Ella Bouknight Heavenly Hibiscus 10 Lloyd Liles J. Carroll Shealy Riverbanks Adventures 14 Jan Stamps Tracey Waring Riverbanks ZOOfari 16 Robert P. Wilkins Lawrence W. Johnson, Charismatic Critters 20 Chairman Emeritus Dreamnight at the Zoo 22 Riverbanks Society In the Know 24 Board of Directors Fall Bulb Sale 26 H. Perry Shuping, President Jeremy G. Wilson, Vice-President Sharon Jenkins, Secretary Mike Brenan Donna Croom Robert G. Davidson William H. Davidson II Thomas N. Fortson Steve Graves Mary Howard Mark D. Locke, MD, FAAP Richard N. McIntyre Dorothy G. Owen C.C. Rone, Jr. Bud Tibshrany James S. Welch 10 Roslyn Young Anny Zalesne Don F. Barton, Director Emeritus 2

Riverbanks Senior Staff Satch Krantz Executive Director Riverbanks Magazine Kim M. Benson Dixie Kaye Allan Director of Human Resources Executive Editor/Art Director George R. Davis Director of Finance Monique Jacobs Ed Diebold Editor Director of Animal Collections Dargan Davis Kevin Eubanks Copy Editor Director of Guest Services Ashley Walker Chris Gentile Graphic Artist Director of Conservation Education Larry Cameron Eric Helms Photographer Director of Risk Management & Facilities 6 Melodie Scott-Leach Director of Horticulture Tommy Stringfellow Director of Marketing Subscriptions to Riverbanks are $24 per year. Members of Riverbanks Keith Benson, DVM Society are entitled to one free subscription along with free admission and Senior Veterinarian guest passes, discounts at Zoo & Garden gift shops, invitations to special Andy Cabe events and much more. To subscribe to Riverbanks or to join the Society, Curator of Horticulture call 803.779.8717 x1111 or x1239. John Davis Riverbanks Zoological Park and Botanical Garden is accredited by the Curator of Mammals American Zoo and Aquarium Association and the American Association Scott Pfaff of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta. Curator of Herpetology Martin Vince Curator of Birds Front cover: Black-Footed Cat Photograph by Larry Cameron 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 1

The Observation Deck

une 21, 2006, was an their primary reason for visiting Columbia), then we have J historic day for Riverbanks had a $4 million impact over the past 32 years. For every Zoo & Garden as we additional dollar they spend in the Columbia area buying welcomed our 20 millionth visitor, gasoline, eating in restaurants, staying in hotels and Angel Caudle and her family from stopping at a convenience store, the figure naturally Monroe, North Carolina. goes up—$5 equals $20 million, $10 equals $40 million. While the details of that day are I will leave it to you (and our community leaders and covered elsewhere in this issue, I elected officials) to determine a reasonable number. want to take a moment to reinforce Regardless, the impact of Riverbanks on our community the significance of this incredible is significant indeed. milestone. As Riverbanks’ Kudos are certainly in order for those visionary men executive director, I am frequently and women who, over 35 years ago, worked so tirelessly asked by local elected officials to to bring a zoo to Columbia. Their only motivation was to quantify the Zoo’s economic impact on our community. entertain and educate the youth of Columbia through the I have learned to hate this question, because there is no development of a small children’s zoo on the banks of the “right” answer. Tourism officials, market researchers and Saluda River. Their efforts have paid dividends far beyond university professors have spent years trying to agree on a that original vision and created one of Columbia’s most uniform economic impact formula. As a zoo director with valuable assets. 30 years of experience, I can tell you there is no such Finally, thanks to you, our valued members, whose animal. Communities and organizations are just too support has greatly contributed to the 20 millionth diverse for a one-size-fits-all formula. milestone. Keep visiting! You soon might be number I can’t tell you how many times over the years I have 21 million. attended city and county council meetings and listened to various officials claim that their festival, which clearly attracts a local audience, has a multi-million dollar impact on the community. Some of these figures are so outrageous that they defy common sense and logic. Others are more reasonable, and probably quite accurate, having been based on a study specific to the institution. For this reason, I tend to shy away from directly answering the question. Instead, I tell folks to just consider the facts and arrive at their own figure. For example, we know through visitor origin surveys (zip codes) that approximately 20% of our visitors come from out-of-state. This has held true from almost the day the Zoo opened in 1974. Therefore, 20% of 20 million equals 4 million out-of-state visitors. If each one of these people spent just $1 in the Columbia area while visiting Riverbanks (surveys indicate that for the vast majority of our out-of-state guests, seeing the Zoo and Garden was

Mission statement

It is our mission to foster appreciation and concern for all living things. We are dedicated to providing: ◆ the highest standards of care for our animal and plant collections. ◆ a diverse educational and high-quality recreational experience for all Riverbanks visitors. ◆ all the resources at our disposal for the conservation of the earth’s flora and fauna.

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who’swho’s afraidafraid ofof thethe black-footedblack-footed cat?cat?

By – Sara Floyd, Mammal Keeper

Black-footed cats take in virtually all the moisture they need from their prey, so they hardly ever need to drink water.

Walk through the Riverbanks Conservation Outpost While excellent diggers and climbers, these cats in the middle of the day, and you may pass by the often take over another animal’s burrow or an empty black-footed cat exhibit without seeing much more termite mound to use as a den instead of making than some spotted fur or a paw sticking out of a their own. Like domestic cats, black-footed cats sleep hollow log. But if you look closely, you’ll see an most of the day (up to 20 hours); and being nocturnal, animal that looks remarkably like a small house cat. most of their activity happens at night, which is why Don’t be fooled by its mild-mannered appearance. It they are usually tucked away, catching a few winks may be a member of the cat family (Felidae), yet it’s during the public hours at the Zoo. anything but tame. In fact, black-footed cats have such Black-footed cats are solitary and usually come a reputation for ferocity in their homeland of southern together for a short time only to breed. If breeding is Africa that when it comes to hunting prey, legend has successful, then about two months later they will have it they are capable of bringing down giraffes. a litter of anywhere from one to four kittens. The Such legends may be a bit far fetched, but the truth mothers take care of the young and often move them about these cats is anything but dull. Weighing in at from burrow to burrow to keep them safe from only 2-4 pounds, black-footed cats are possibly the predators like owls, snakes and jackals. When a smallest cats in the world. They get their name from predator is spotted, the mother issues an alarm call. the black soles of their feet. Being from a particularly The kittens instantly freeze and don’t move until she hot climate, they have some remarkable ways to deal issues a call of “all clear” letting them know that they with the heat: Extra fur around their soles helps to can start to make their way safely back to her. protect their feet from the hot ground, and they soak In the wild, a black-footed cat’s day primarily up virtually all of the moisture they need from their consists of looking for food, avoiding predators, prey, so they hardly ever need to drink water. searching for shelter and raising its young. In a zoo 2 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 3

setting, most of these needs are already met. So how the captive population as well as to help educate do black-footed cats spend their time in zoos? our visitors about these fascinating animals. The staff That’s where we, the keepers, come in with at Riverbanks has high hopes that we can work together something called “enrichment.” to preserve black-footed cats and their habitats in the Enrichment is basically the introduction of anything wild for many years to come. new or different that challenges an animal mentally Next time you visit Riverbanks make sure to take and physically with the aim of improving its well being an extra moment to visit Alex and Hiari in the and quality of life. Taking many forms, enrichment can Conservation Outpost and marvel at these be anything that stimulates an animal, from seeing its tenacious, giraffe-hunting cats. own reflection in a mirror and foraging for small pieces of food in a pile of straw to snacking on tasty frozen treats or knocking down a tower of cardboard boxes. When deciding on what kind of enrichment to use, keepers have to play to the animal’s strengths. An intricate food puzzle feeder would be great for a monkey or a gorilla but probably would be too difficult for a felid to use, causing the cat to get frustrated and stop trying. On the other hand, a cat may enjoy shredding paper to get to a treat inside, while a small monkey may not. As a result, keepers have to “play to their audience.” Black-footed cats have an excellent sense of smell, so we add different spices, herbs and fragrances around their habitat to encourage exploration. We offer piles of substrate like hay or straw in their off-exhibit backup dens, and they lose no time in burrowing down and totally disappearing into them. We also place their food in cardboard tubes or wrap it in newspaper hanging it high in their backup den to encourage climbing and investigation. Since most of their active hours are times when keepers and the public are not around, we sometimes fill the cats’ exhibit with boxes, “newspaper forests,” newspaper balls and scents so they will have something to play with and explore until we return to work the next morning. Unfortunately, due to habitat destruction and careless pest control practices, black-footed cats are endangered. The good news: there is a Species Survival Plan (SSP) in place to help preserve these incredible animals. An SSP is a captive breeding plan that strives for a genetically varied and sustainable captive population. The current U.S. captive population of black-footed cats is estimated to be about 22 individuals, but the goal is to increase that number to 80. Riverbanks Zoo is directly involved in this program and has had a lot of success in the past with breeding black-footed cats. One female in particular, whose name is Kalahari, had 15 kittens in seven different litters during her stay at Riverbanks before being sent to the Milwaukee Zoo. One of Kalahari’s kittens, whose name is Hiari, is a member of the pair currently in residence at Riverbanks. Keepers are hopeful that she and her mate Alex will breed successfully as well. Although there have been no kittens yet, we continue to make their environment comfortable and provide them with everything they need to raise their offspring successfully— including a secluded underground nest box on exhibit where hopefully Hiari will feel secure when she is ready to give birth. We hope to soon have the joy of black-footed kittens again at the Zoo to help enrich 3 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 4

Plan your Visit

Don’t Miss a Freaky creepy Fall in Love with the Garden Animal Enrichment Encounter

Make plans now to visit the Zoo on Sunday, October 29, to watch the animals as they enjoy Be the first to check out the new ornamental grass specially prepared Halloween trick or treats. borders that will be planted in the Walled Garden Spooky enrichment activities will take place this fall. Waves of different grasses will showcase throughout the day at different exhibits. See the the diverse ways that a homeowner can landscape tigers battle a pumpkin and the gorillas spook with ornamental grasses. The borders will also a papier-mâché ghost! display several varieties of turf grass available for the home landscape. As both an educational Enrichment activities are designed to spark an resource and a unifying theme for the Garden animal’s natural behavior and provide physical surrounding them, these ornamental grass and mental stimulation. Join us and watch borders are sure to please everyone. wildlife in action!

Mark Your calendars

September November 6 Wedding Symposium – 1 Wedding Symposium – Portrait of a Lady Mallorca, Mexico or Myrtle Beach 11 Fall Bulb Sale 7 First Thursdays in the Garden featuring * Lights Before Christmas folkadelic rock by Westbridge * 24–30 October December 4 Wedding Symposium - When the Dress * Lights Before Christmas Makes Him Notice the Woman * 1–23 and 26–30 5 First Thursdays in the Garden featuring acoustic 6 Wedding Symposium – Video Needn’t Be Vexing favorites with Barton & Julia 7 Riverbanks ZOOfari - A Journey Through Africa For more information about these and other upcoming * Boo at the Zoo events, visit www.riverbanks.org. * 13-15, 20-22 & 27-30 29 Enrichment Encounter 4 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 5

Riverbanks Wedding Symposiums Brought to you by Riverbanks Botanical Garden on the first Wednesday of every month:

September 6, 2006 January 3, 2007 Mallorca, Mexico or Myrtle Beach The Dish on Your Main Dish Pack your bags and listen to what globe trotters have Don’t call it a day once you’ve chosen the caterer. to say about planning a honeymoon. Grooms who’ve The real work begins when you and your chef sit been given the daunting task of choosing a surprise down to plan your menu. destination will breathe a sigh of relief. October 4, 2006 Lectures begin at 6:30 p.m. and are free and open to the public. Enjoy guest speakers, question and answer When the Dress Makes Him Notice the Woman sessions, special opportunities to meet Fashionistas break down formalwear fashion with an eye vendors, door prizes, and invitation-only discounts. for what’ll be passé in a year and timeless forever. Seating is limited so brides are encouraged November 1, 2006 to pre–register online at www.riverbanks.org. Portrait of a Lady Photographers share trade secrets for ensuring a flawless bridal portrait and a picture perfect wedding album. December 6, 2006 Video Needn’t be Vexing For brides on a budget, wedding videography is Romance at Riverbanks usually the first extra to get the axe. Learn how Stylish ● Sophisticated ● Simple to keep video in your vision. www.riverbanks.org – 803.779.8717 x1123

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understanding the birds and the bees

By – Martin Vince, Curator of Birds

Just when you think that breeding birds is easy, a curve-ball comes along that humbles even the most experienced aviculturist.

Virtually all of the birds at Riverbanks breed at some efforts to encourage breeding. That changed two years point in their lives. Indeed, successfully reproducing the ago when the pair started hatching chicks with such species in our collection is an essential goal of the Bird regularity that we had to separate them for a few Department. Some species are prolific breeders; their months because we ran out of space to hold offspring. nutritional, environmental and social needs being very Having now cracked the seriema-code, Riverbanks has well understood. Others, however, can absorb one’s become one of the most prolific and reliable breeders of entire career and still remain a mystery. And then there the species in the country. are the species that fail to breed despite years of effort There are nearly 10,000 bird species with many more and the best resources being lavished upon them. Then differences between them than similarities. Just when one day, inexplicably, breeding begins and chicks are you think that breeding birds is easy, a curve-ball discovered in the nest. Those are wonderful events, comes along that humbles even the most experienced which bring incremental increases in our knowledge of aviculturist. One such example is the bee-eater. the natural world; we document them and hope that breeding the species in question will come more easily The Buzz about Bee-eaters next time. As the name suggests, bee-eaters are highly specialized For nearly 30 years, red-legged seriemas have been at birds because they can eat bees as well as wasps and Riverbanks, but for all of those years they defied our hornets. They do this by nimbly expressing the venom 6 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 7

with the tip of their beak, something no other bird can As I write this, the bee-eaters are fully ensconced in do. Huge tropical dragon flies, cicadas and giant locusts their nests, spartan chambers excavated at the ends of are dispatched with equal enthusiasm, being bashed and tunnels the birds dug in an artificial riverbank. Whether mashed with such vigor that the clattering sound of beak the nests have eggs, or even chicks, is impossible to know on twig can be heard at 30 feet. They are cool birds, at this point. I think it is safe to say, however, that the but they are complicated. A bee-eater has certain regular introduction of bees to the exhibit has indeed expectations of life: food is invariably a bug that passes awakened all of the bee-eaters’ senses, bringing us at high speed, likely with yellow and black stripes that several steps closer to our ultimate goal. warn others to stay clear. Of course, that is perfect for a bee-eater. It can exploit an almost endless supply of food Fostering Flamingos that no other animal can eat. In our zoological habitat, Of all the baby birds hatched in 2006, the most providing bee-eater food is challenging because the food extraordinary event has to be the hatching and hand must likewise fly, jump or somehow wriggle enticingly. rearing of 15 Caribbean flamingos, a mammoth event We are able to provide a wide range of commercially produced worms, maggots and crickets, marketed as fishing bait, but we have found that nothing can excite as much as the real thing–-a big, juicy bee.

To Bee or Not to Bee For all of the six years that Riverbanks has maintained a flock of bee-eaters, we have debated the pros and cons of establishing our own bee hive, speculating that a regular supply of bees would surely encourage breeding. This year the Bird Department finally took the plunge and invested in our own hive, buying a hive kit and the associated paraphernalia. Fortunately, Dr. Keith Benson, Riverbanks’ senior veterinarian, is an expert apiarist without whose help the bee hive project never would have succeeded. We have special gloves, a veil, a giant

by any standards. In fact, the eggs were not laid by our own flamingos, but by birds at the Hialeah Racetrack in Miami. The eggs were made available to a handful of accredited zoos by special arrangement with the Ciconiiformes Taxon Advisory Group of the Association smoker and thousands of bees that will ultimately supply of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Staff members of the the exhibit on a daily basis. Although they add many Miami Metrozoo and SeaWorld Orlando were generous important nutrients to the birds’ diet, the bees deliver enough to organize the effort. Riverbanks bird keepers perhaps the most important ingredient of all—the exciting Doug Alls and Clinton Carroll drove to Miami and realization that spring has sprung and it is time to begin transported the eggs back to Riverbanks in a portable nesting. Breeding “triggers” are often hard to identify but incubator. The eggs were then transferred to incubators tend to be associated with seasonal flourishes of flowers, at the Bird Conservation Center. The first egg hatched on fruits or insects that are brought about by climatic July 4 and the fifteenth egg hatched on July 17. The chicks changes such as the arrival of the rains. Bee-eaters know are fed five times a day and need constant care from that bees are the ideal baby food and take that as their every one of the bird keepers. cue to nest. It is also thought that a seasonal abundance Riverbanks volunteers are also helping us exercise the of insects fortifies the birds’ diet with the specific nutrients young birds every day, exposing them to shallow water necessary for successful breeding and egg production. A and encouraging the chicks to blow their noses. rich variety of insects, therefore, may encourage breeding Flamingos are messy eaters and routinely get food in through both mental and physical processes. their nostrils. To remedy the problem, baby flamingos 7 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 8

briefly submerge their heads in water and snort out the that the birds are well established in their habitat, they mucus. It is clearly an innate behavior–inelegant, but have started to breed very successfully. Already this year, effective–and something that we had never seen before. 10 lorikeets have hatched in the exhibit, and it is likely Eventually, the young flamingos will be moved to the that more are hatching as you read this. Lorikeets are flamingo exhibit to join our existing flock of birds. highly social birds and are found in large flocks in the The transition will be very gradual, however, with the wild. With nearly 40 birds in our exhibit, each bird is young birds making many daily visits to the exhibit until able to find his or her ideal mate and raise a family in one the final move is made. We hope this addition of new of the nest sites that the keepers have skillfully fabricated. birds will both stimulate future breeding and ensure The conditions in the exhibit are now ideal for breeding, future generations of healthy baby flamingos by and some of our young lorikeets are helping to start new increasing the genetic diversity of the flock. exhibits in other zoological collections.

Looking for Love All in a Day’s Work When the lorikeet exhibit first opened as part of the Understanding what makes a bird “tick” can take many Koala Knockabout, I wrote about the naturalistic setting in lifetimes. As we watch the flamingos grow, the bee-eaters which the flock is housed, speculating at the time that the mash their bees and the lorikeets locate love, most of environment would lead to successful breeding. Now what we see is familiar. But it is the small surprises along the way that can add up to a greater understanding of the natural world. Now we know that flamingos need access to water at a very early age, not necessarily for swimming or drinking, but to blow their noses—a significant discovery in just a day’s work.

Library wish list

iverbanks staff members have included the following books on their wish lists for the Library Wish Fund. R (All the books needed by the Zoo & Garden are not shown here. For a complete listing, call the number below.)

Art of Being a Lion $18 Temperature Dependent Sex Determination in Vertebrates $65 Natural Habitat Garden $22 Veterinary Procedures & Emergency Treatment $75 Cycads $24 Essentials of Conservation Biology $85 No Turning Back; The Life & Death of Animal Species $25 Orthopedic Surgical Procedures of the Dog & Cat $85 Garden’s & Historic Plants of the Antebellum South $35 Aquarium Plants $90 World Atlas of Great Apes $35 Physicians Desk Reference $100 Ecosystem Management $43 Behavior and Physiology of Fish $105 Tropical Ornamentals $50 Physical Diagnosis of Pain $165 Guide to the Reptiles of Pakistan $55 Large Animal Internal Medicine $165 Reef Fishes, Guide to Identification & Behavior $55 Handbook of the Birds of the World $175 Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals $65 Birds of Prey: Medicine and Management $180 Crustacea Guide to the World $62 Birds of Burma $195 Snakes of Costa Rica $65 Encyclopedia of Aquaculture $425

To donate, or for a complete list of books available for sponsorship, please contact the Riverbanks Society Office at 803.779.8717 x1240 or x1111, or email us at [email protected]. Help make a wish come true! 8 32085 8/8/06 8:28 AM Page 9

In the Kitchen with chef Marcus

Hobgoblins

Ingredients: 1 cup butterscotch chips 1 cup semisweet chocolate chips 2 cups crisp chow mein noodles miniature candy coated chocolate candies or red hot candies Preparation: Melt butterscotch chips and chocolate chips together in microwave or in medium saucepan over low heat. Stir until smooth and blended. Remove from heat and stir in noodles until well coated. Drop spoonfuls onto waxed paper lined cookie sheets. Press candy pieces into clusters to form 'eyes'. Yields: 24 candies These simple candy recipes are very delicious and cute when decorated for Halloween.

Children have fun creating and eating these tasty treats.

My little monsters think this is so "cool"!

Sweet and Crispy Eyeballs Ingredients: 1 (10 ounce) package large marshmallows 1/4 cup butter 6 cups crisp rice cereal 24 chocolate kisses red decorator icing Preparation: In microwave safe bowl, combine marshmallows and butter; melt at high for 3 minutes, stirring once during cooking time until marshmallows melt. Stir in cereal until coated and spread on buttered waxed paper. Let stand until cool enough to handle. Grease hands with butter and form mixture into 24 balls. Press chocolate kiss, pointed side first, into each ball. Let stand until firm. Using decorator frosting, add 'pupil' and lines for bloodshot eyes, if desired. Let stand until frosting dries. Store tightly covered at room temperature. Yields: 24 candies

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Heavenly Hibiscus

By – Melodie Scott-Leach, Director of Horticulture

All gardeners have their favorite plant. I have a favorite organs holding the pollen-producing anther) that form family of plants. My love is malvaceae or the mallow a tube and the pronounced stigma pads (i.e., the female family, and the big daddy of the family is the genus part of flowers that accept pollen) are distinguishing traits Hibiscus. Now, I don’t mean the tropical, luau-looking of a mallow flower. gaudy flowers (although the ones I like are gaudy too); The majority of the perennial hibiscus cultivars grown I mean the perennial, cold hardy hibiscus. The plant you today can trace their ancestry back to Hibiscus put in the ground, water every once in a while and get moscheutos and Hibiscus coccineus, both American great flowers—no fuss, no muss, a lazy gardener’s plant. native species. Breeding work with these began as The mallow family contains over 220 species of early as the late 1800s and offered the first cultivars annuals, perennials, shrubs and even trees. Many of the of perennial hibiscus. Since that time, the flashy, large- plants in this family are well known the world over. flowered plants have come in and out of fashion. Recent Cotton and okra are two of the most economically cultivars are bred for flower number, flowering length, important plants of the family. The flowers of the mallow flower color and shorter height as well as flower size. family have common characteristics that are easily The tall Hibiscus ‘Lord Baltimore’ was bred in the recognizable. All flowers have five petals and are plate- 1950s and a better solid red hibiscus still can’t be found. shaped or funnel-like. The fused filaments (i.e., the Hibiscus ‘Lady Baltimore’ is a seedling of Lord Baltimore 10 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 11

and combines the vivid red with a princess pink. Both of these are relatively tall and should be planted in the back of the garden. The Disco Belle series of hibiscus came to market during the 1980s and is much like the fashion of the time with its big bows and flounces. The plant is popular with gardeners for its shorter height, but it still has whopping 10-inch flowers. Perhaps the best known of the hardy hibiscus breeders were the Fleming Brothers of Lincoln, Nebraska. They are known for the introduction of Hibiscus ‘Fireball’, H. ‘Plum Crazy’, H. ‘Old Yella’ and H. ‘Kopper King’. These plants are still somewhat new to the market but have been grown by hibiscus lovers for some time. ‘Plum Crazy’ and ‘Fireball’ are two that have performed Hibiscus reproductive organs well in the garden at Riverbanks and are quickly Like a bizarre alien, hibiscus reproductive parts are becoming favorites. These two reach only about four built for breeding. The female part of the plant moves feet and are great additions to the middle of the garden. throughout the day to ensure pollination occurs. Last summer, Hibiscus ‘Raspberry Rose’ was grown for the first time at Riverbanks. It was love at first flower. This plant is the flowering champion of the cold-hardy hibiscus. The rosy, 8-inch, floppy flowers cover the plant from July until frost. Reaching six to seven feet, Raspberry Rose should be planted in the back of the garden. For the white garden, a must-have is Hibiscus ‘Blue River II’. Flower size is at least 10 inches, and the flower color is solid, bright white. Cold-hardy hibiscus is popular due to its spectacular flower size. If you like to garden on a grand scale, then you must have Hibiscus ‘Moy Grande’. Flowers on this 4-foot plant are over a foot in diameter and bright red. This plant could be the poster child for flowers on steroids. There are also smaller flowered varieties (4-6 inches) for those who don’t need to super-size their garden. The cold-hardy hibiscus is a very care-free plant for gardeners in zones 6-8; however, it does not perform Hibiscus ‘Plum Crazy’ well for our friends in southern Florida as they require a Plum-colored flowers (of course) atop a 4-foot plant. cold season. Plant your hibiscus in full sun (at least six Note the flower’s ruffled edges. hours per day) for best flowering and to maintain a compact plant. Since most cultivars of perennial hibiscus are from water-loving parents, they perform best when supplemented with water, yet surprisingly hibiscus is drought tolerant. Removing the spent flowers will encourage more robust flowering, but it is not necessary. Perennial hibiscus foliage will be killed with the first frost, so the entire plant can be cut back to six inches at this time; the stalks and seed heads, however, may remain for winter interest, and the plant can be cut back as new foliage emerges in the spring. Hibiscus plants provide various uses in the landscape. If you have a large garden, hibiscus looks great in mass and will provide a huge burst of color in the summer. For the smaller garden, consider the shorter cultivars and plants with smaller flowers. The large leaves and flowers combine well with fine textured plants such as ornamental grasses. The genus Hibiscus provides something for everyone. Catch your own slice of hibiscus heaven by trying Hibiscus ‘Lady Baltimore’ some of the new cultivars available at nurseries Who says red and pink don’t match? Her lady-like and garden centers. 5-inch flowers ensure she will never be out of fashion. 11 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 12

Hibiscus ‘Fireball’ Great balls of fire, literally. No one can miss this plant. Plant it to draw the eye to focal points in the garden. It is amazing how a 4-foot plant can hold up these huge flowers.

Hibiscus ‘Blue River II’ Pure bright white on a 4-foot plant cools down the hottest summer garden.

Hibiscus ‘Raspberry Rose’ You’ll need a degree in math to keep up with the flowers on this 7-foot plant.

Hibiscus dasycalyx A sweet, short native of Texas, this plant is great for small gardens, as the mature height is about three feet and the flowers are downright dainty Hibiscus coccineus compared to some cultivars. This American native should be in every garden. The bright red is vibrant and the flower size is subtle. At six feet, it should be planted in the back of the garden. 12 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 13

Hibiscus ‘Disco Pink’, Hibiscus ‘Disco Red’ and Hibiscus ‘Disco White’ Kissing Cousins This hip trio is all the rage for the gaudy gardener Meet some cousins of hibiscus from the mallow family in all of us. Their short stature and that are great garden plants. huge flowers shout "fun".

Malvaviscus arboreus The flowers in this genus never truly open but spiral around the proudly protruding reproductive organs. A true red color for the garden. Try Malvaviscus var. penduliflorus for larger hanging flowers.

Alcea rosea ‘Indian Spring’ Pavonia braziliensis Hollyhocks are great The pavonias are like baby biennial plants. Many new hibiscus. The flowers are cultivars have been released very similar but only 1-2 that flower the first year. inches across.

Abutilon megapotamicum Abelmoschus manihot The hanging lantern-like A reseeding annual that flowers of this evergreen provides an interesting plant pop in the shade. It yellow color to the flowers almost year-round landscape, this beauty is for zone 8 gardeners. reminiscent of tall, ornamental okra plants. 13 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 14

riverbanks adventures

Garden Education Programs ZOOVenture Programs Beginners Landscape Design Sep 9, 10am–noon Composting Oct 14, 10am–noon All ZOOVenture classes are $7 for members and Riverbanks Horticulturist Brian Francis will share the Get the dirt on how to recycle trash to make free $13 for nonmembers, unless otherwise noted. basic principles of landscape design for the average fertilizer for the plants. Composting is a great way to Down On The Farm (2-4 years old) homeowner. By creating a design in the fall, the use plant and vegetable scraps for a soil amendment Learn all about farm animals and visit the homeowner is taking the first step to a beautiful in the garden. Although there are many Farm at Riverbanks Zoo. landscape in the spring! misconceptions out there about this practice, our Flamingos (2-4 years old) $15 members, $21 nonmembers class will cover the basics on getting started and the Join us as we discover the fabulous flamingos that Popular Perennials for the South Sep 16, 10am–noon many different ways you can compost. make their home at Riverbanks Zoo and Garden. Discover the best performing perennials for this area, $15 members, $21 nonmembers Gator Tales (2-6 years old) as well as what is hot and new on the market. Gardening in Small Places Oct 21, 10am–noon Join us as we learn more about this amazing reptile! Director of Horticulture Melodie Scott-Leach will Many of us have apartments, small patios or limited Giraffes (2-4 years old) discuss the perennials that can take the heat, as well yard space. Maximize your garden space by using it Imagine being 17 feet tall! Come learn about as long blooming species. efficiently. This workshop consists of many ideas to these “giants”. $15 members, $21 nonmembers inspire you, such as raised beds, containers, growing Hairs To You (2-4 years old) The Specialty Garden Sep 23, 10am–noon vertically and more. What do all mammals have in common? Creating gardens designed for fragrance or to be $15 members, $21 nonmembers Hair, of course. From prickly to soft, meet some enjoyed at night adds a whole new dimension to the The Tulip Dilemma Oct 28, 10am–noon mammals up close. landscape. Find out how to infuse a specific theme Want spring color but not sure how to do it? Get Halloween Party (3-6 years old) in a garden space and to build garden rooms focused overwhelmed with all the different bulbs available Wear your favorite costume and join us to meet on particular functions. on the market? Let Andy Cabe, curator of some spooky wildlife. $15 members, $21 nonmembers horticulture take the confusion out of it as he talks Lions (2-4 years old) Historical South Carolina Sep 30, 10am–noon about tulips that grow in the south, long-lasting Come join our pride for a roarin’ good time and Explore the history of our state at Riverbanks through daffodils and other unusual bulbs that no garden is learn about this amazing cat. a walk to the first water-powered textile mill, and a complete without. Mega Mommies (2-6 years old) look at the site of Sherman’s march. Participants will $7 members, $13 nonmembers Which animal mom gives birth to the largest see cotton and soybeans growing and learn the Ghoulish Garden Ages 5–10 – Oct 28, 10am–noon baby? Learn all about really big animal mommies different ways these South Carolina crops are used. Come to the ghoulish garden to learn about some in this class. $10 members, $16 nonmembers ghost plants, creepy crawlies and other ghastly Monkey Mania (2-4 years old) Garden photography Oct 7, 10am–1pm things. Everyone will paint a pumpkin to take home. Learn all about the fascinating primates of Discovering some basic tips to creating great $10 member, $16 nonmember Riverbanks Zoo. photographs is the key to truly enjoying your Good Night, Garden Nov 4, 10am–noon Night Creatures (2-4 years old) photography hobby. Topics include using a camera, As winter approaches, there are things we need to Discover the world of nocturnal animals. lighting, composition and background. Instructor Rob do in the garden to prepare for the colder months. Pony Care 101 (7-12 years old) Gibson will guide participants through the how-to This workshop will go over cold weather survival for Join us at the farm to meet our Shetland ponies. stages of taking great photos, and then participants will plants, tool care, mulching and gardening that can If you want to know more about basic pony care, go out into the Garden and put these methods into still be done despite the weather. This class is a must including grooming and feeding, then this is the practice. Digital cameras are encouraged to show your for anyone who wants a jump on spring and to have class for you! $13 members, $20 nonmembers work to the instructor for suggestions and comments, their beds in their best shape ever when the warm Snakes (2-6 years old) but all types of cameras are welcome. weather comes. Discover the wonders of these slithering creatures. $25 members, $31 nonmembers $7 members, $13 nonmembers Spiders (2-4 years old) Sand-Cast Leaf Art Oct 10, 6pm–7pm, Gardening for a better world Ages 8 years & older Discover the secrets of these eight-legged wonders! Oct 12, 6pm–7pm – Oct 24, 6pm–7:30pm Nov 18, 10am–noon Thanksgiving Celebration (3-4 years old) After this one of a kind workshop everyone will take Gardening is the best technique for environmental Join us at the Zoo for crafty fun and story time. home garden art to treasure forever. By using leaves education in children. Discover things you can do in Family on Safari-Overnight Camp (ages 6-adult) from the Garden, we will imprint them on wet your backyard to promote conservation as we discuss Experience the zoo that few get to see, the Zoo at concrete and mold them into the shape you desire. the state of the environment around the world and night! Riverbanks staffers are your guides on an The cast leaves will later be primed to perfection and the primary issues we face today. Gardening is a unforgettable night of games, activities and behind painted and sealed for use! The workshop is held in fundamental way to conserve, preserve and promote a the scenes tours. Families should bring their own three sessions over the course of two weeks to allow connection to the Earth. This is a great workshop for sleeping gear, tents and sense of adventure. for curing and drying. These leaf castings are families, science teachers and kids. $35 members, $40 nonmembers permanent and can be used as birdfeeders, bird baths, $7 members, $13 nonmembers Price includes light snack & continental breakfast. ornamental platters, decoration for the garden and more. This do-it-yourself project makes a unique, permanent gift from the garden. $35 members, $41 nonmembers – All materials are included in the class fee.

PROGRAM REGISTRATION FORM

Participant’s Name:______Age:______Parent/Registrant’s Name:______

Street Address:______City:______State:______Zip:______

Member #:______Email:______Phone # (h):______Work/Cell #:______Please make checks payable to Riverbanks Zoo & Garden. Program(s) Date Time Fee Program(s) Date Time Fee Mail completed form ______and payment to: Riverbanks Zoo & Garden ______Attn: Education Department PO Box 1060 ______Columbia, SC 29202-1060

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class calendar

SEPTEMBER SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT Teacher Safari Join us at Riverbanks Zoo on Friday, September 15 for our Teacher Safari! This will be an opportunity for teachers and student teachers to experience what it’s like to spend the night at the Zoo. The Safari starts at 6:30pm and lasts until 9am the next morning and will focus on animal adaptations for survival. Please eat dinner before you arrive. Who: Teachers and student teachers across the Midlands (30 maximum) When: Friday, September 15, 2006 12 Where: Riverbanks Zoo & Botanical Garden 10am Lions 10am Giraffes 8:30am (3– 4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) Pony Care 101 How: Call the Education Department to register at 803.779.8717 x1140 or 12pm Giraffes (6–12 yrs old) email [email protected] (3– 4 yrs old) 11am Lions (2 yrs old) Cost: $35 per participant, includes a COOL Glow-in-the-Dark T-shirt 10am with the slogan, “I Survived the Night at Riverbanks.” Beginners Landscape Design Class Registration 345 6 7 8 9 10am Flamingos 10am Lions 11am Flamingos f Preregistration is required for all activities. (3– 4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) f 12pm Lions 7pm Please complete the registration form. (3– 4 yrs old) Family On Safari f No registrations will be accepted by phone. 6:30pm (Ages 6–Adult) f Register early. Space is limited. Teacher Safari 10am Popular Perennials f Upon receipt of registration and payment, a confirmation will be mailed. for the South f If an activity is filled, your check will be returned. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Cancellations and Refunds 10am Lions 10am Gator Tales 11am Gator Tales f (3– 4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) (5–6 yrs old) Written cancellation must be received at least two weeks before the 12pm Gator Tales 10am (3– 4 yrs old) The Specialty scheduled program date in order to receive a refund or reschedule Garden your reservation. f No refunds will be issued for cancellations made less than two weeks before the program date. f Riverbanks reserves the right to cancel or reschedule any activity. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 f A full refund will be issued if Riverbanks cancels any activity. 10am Gator Tales 10am Flamingos 8:30am (3– 4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) Pony Care 101 12pm Flamingos (6–12 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 10am Historical South Zoo programs are printed in Black Carolina Garden programs are printed in Green 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

OCTOBER NOVEMBER SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT 10am 10am Snakes 10am (2 yrs old) 10am Good Night Night Creatures (2 yrs old) Night Creatures Garden (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm Snakes 11am Snakes (3– 4 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm Snakes (5–6 years old) 10am – Garden Photography

12 3 45 6 7 1234 6pm – Sand-Cast 10am Spiders 6pm 10am 8:30am 10am 10am Hairs To You 8:30am Leaf Art (3– 4 yrs old) Sand-Cast Down on the Farm Pony Care 101 Mega Mommies (2 yrs old) Pony Care 101 Leaf Art (2 yrs old) (7–12 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm Hairs To (7–12 yrs old) 12pm 10am Spiders You 10am Hairs To You Downonthe Farm (2 yrs old) (3–4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 11am 11pm Downonthe Farm Mega Mommies (3– 4 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 10am – Composting 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 567 8 9 10 11 10am 10am Snakes 10am – Gardening 10am 10am 10am Night Creatures (2 yrs old) in Small Places Monkey Mania Mega Mommies Monkey Mania (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm Snakes (3– 4 yrs old) (2 yrs old) (2 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm 11pm Mega Mommies Monkey Mania (3– 4 yrs old) (3– 4 yrs old) 10am Gardening for a Better World (12 yrs & older) 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 6pm – Sand-Cast 10am Spiders 10am 10am (3–4 years old) 10am Leaf Art (3– 4 yrs old) Downonthe Farm Halloween Party Thanksgiving Class (2 yrs old) 11am (5–6 years old) (3– 4 yrs old) 12pm Halloween Party Downonthe Farm 10am – The Tulip (3– 4 yrs old) Dilemma 10am Ghoulish Garden (5–10 yrs old) 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30

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You’re invited to the wildest party in town! The 8th Annual Riverbanks ZOOfari 2006

A Journey through Africa Saturday, October 7, 7–11 pm

Safari or Casual Attire Tickets? Call 803.779.8717 x1601 or visit www.riverbanks.org

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What is a ZOOfari? Riverbanks ZOOfari boasts fabulous food, Order Your Tickets Today! live entertainment, silent and live Limited Number Available auctions and an abundance of fun in the unusual surroundings of the Zoo. Guests Name______are issued a passport designed to guide Society Member ID (not required)______them through the “Wilds of Riverbanks” where they discover exotic and themed Address______food stations, swing to the beat of the City, State, Zip______music, bid on rare auction items and Daytime Phone Number______enjoy cool libations. At the conclusion of the evening guests receive a Email______complimentary special edition poster, Number of Tickets* Price Total signed and numbered by local artist, _____ member X $75.00 ______Dixie Allan. _____ nonmember X $85.00 ______How do I purchase tickets? _____ group outing tickets 10@ $700.00 ______Order tickets by phone weekdays _____ unable to attend - Please accept the enclosed donation of ______between 8:30am and 5:00pm by calling Total Enclosed $______803.779.8717 x1601; order online at www.riverbanks.org; or order by mail (see * A late fee of $5 will be added to each ticket purchased after September 26. A portion of each ticket is tax-deductible. Tickets include food, drinks and entertainment for the ticket order form to the right). the evening. Tickets also are available at the Zoo & Garden gates daily. Please consider Order Online: www.riverbanks.org your ticket purchase a donation, as there Order in Person: Riverbanks admission gate will be no rain dates or refunds. Order by Phone: 803.779.8717 x1601 How will my donation Order by Mail: be used? ____Check enclosed – payable to Riverbanks Society Proceeds received from ticket sales, ____Please charge tickets to: ___VISA ___ MC ___AMEX ___Discover donations, auction items and additional Card Number______Exp. Date______sponsorships will be used to build an African Discovery Center Name on Card:______that will serve to increase awareness Signature:______of regional and international Credit Card billing address (if different from mailing address) conservation efforts to the children ______of South Carolina and the surrounding area. Mail to: Riverbanks ZOOfari, PO Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202-1060

COLUMBIA I-26 @ Piney Grove (803) 731-74WD www.landrovercolumbia.com

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RiverbanksRiverbanks ReachesReaches MajorMajor MilestoneMilestone

On Wednesday, July 21, Riverbanks Zoo & Garden welcomed its 20 millionth guest, Angel Caudle from Monroe, NC. News cameras and staff eagerly awaited the visitor’s arrival at the front gate to capture the historical moment. “When Riverbanks opened 32 years ago, we couldn’t imagine reaching such a milestone,” said Satch Krantz, Riverbanks’ executive director. “Twenty million is a number that’s almost beyond comprehension. Just imagine how many positive experiences that adds up to.” Earlier that spring, Caudle had promised her children a trip to the Zoo during their summer break from school. Accompanied by her two children and a friend, as she entered the gates she noticed the news cameras but did not give it much thought. To her surprise she was approached by Riverbanks’ officials with an oversized membership ticket and was quickly informed that she was the 20 millionth guest to enter Riverbanks gates. Caudle was rewarded with unlimited visits to the Zoo for one year. When asked if she plans to return to Riverbanks this summer, “Absolutely! We plan to come next weekend. The kids are still talking about it. It was the best time we ever had at the Zoo and Garden,” said Caudle. Just under 900,000 guests typically visit Riverbanks each year. The park broke the million visitor mark in 1990 and again in 2002 after completing major renovations that brought a state-of-the-art Bird House as well as the African Ndoki Forest and Koala Plaza to the Zoo. Twenty million visitors add up to lots of activity at a zoo the size of Riverbanks. Visitors have enjoyed roughly 14.6 million hotdogs, hamburgers and soft drinks, put on 100,000 pairs of 3-D glasses since the 3-D Theater opened three years ago, and taken 2.5 million tram rides across the Saluda River to Riverbanks Botanical Garden since the Garden opened in 1995. 18 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 19

Imagine the impression your name would make …

… in the presence of 1,000,000 visitors. Community Partners Paving the way for the world’s wildlife and wild places 803.779.8717 x1103 ● www.riverbanks.org Individuals and Families: Davidson, Morrison & Lindemann, P.A. Mr. & Mrs. Robert L. Busbee DayBreak Adult Care Services The Family of Paul Jones Chambers, III Doctors Care The Family of Virginia Timmons Derrick Embassy Suites Hotel of Columbia, SC Marian Francis Hampton First Community Bank Tina R. Long In Memory of Stephen V. Long Harley Haven, Inc. McLendon G. Morris In Memory of Russell Anderson Kelbaugh Honda Cars of Columbia The Franklyn D. Owen, Jr. Family Jim Hudson Automotive Group Ronald Stanley Shivers In Memory of Merry Elizabeth Shivers Lizard's Thicket Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Taucher Mattox Electric Co., Inc. David Wallace In Memory of Minna W. Wallace McNair Law Firm, P. A. Companies and Businesses: Mungo Homes Abacus Planning Group Nexsen Pruet Ascension Hospice Novinger QTR Consulting BB&T Palmetto Citizens Federal Credit Union Blue Cross/Blue Shield Player Law Firm Bose Corporation Regions Bank Carolina First SCANA Corporation/SCE&G The Cat Clinic, Inc. Southern Anesthesia & Surgical, Inc. Caterpillar Inc. Precision Pin Products SouthTrust Bank Century 21 Bob Capes Realtors Square D Company/Schneider Electric Colonial Life and Accident Twin Rivers Lawn Care & Landscaping Contract Construction, Inc. Wilson/Kibler, Inc. 19 32085 8/8/06 11:40 AM Page 20

charismaticcharismatic critterscritters

By – Jennifer Rawlings, Senior Aquarist

Above: Chambered Nautilus Often in public aquariums, fish get “top billing.” have a rigid internal skeleton that often gives the skin a As most visitors to the Aquarium at Riverbanks Zoo & warty or spiny appearance. One common member seen Garden will agree, the fish are fun to watch, and they can in our aquarium is the sea urchin. They have many spines be very charming. They are easy to see and magnificent projecting from their bodies. These spines provide to watch as they glide through the water. Some have protection for the sea urchin, and some species can even interesting shapes, like frogfish, and some have interesting inject venom with their spines. Ironically, in some cases, behavior, like schooling bannerfish. However, in the the spines provide protection natural coral reef environment, fish have many neighbors for other animals. Juvenile with which they share their ocean home. The Aquarium Bangaii cardinalfish live Reptile Complex has a unique opportunity to display among the spines of sea some of these fascinating critters alongside the fish. Some urchins as they are growing of these animals elicit curious questions, but others may because no predator would be difficult to find due to their small size or ability to dare come near such camouflage. However, if you take a moment to look for dangerous spines! them, you will be rewarded for your effort. Urchins are herbivores, There’s more than meets the eye, so let’s take a look at which means that they eat some of these Charismatic Critters…. plant material. In the Above: Diadema Urchin All of the animals that I will be talking about are known aquariums, you can often see Below: Big Purple Urchin as invertebrates. This means that they do not possess a them eating algae off the backbone. In fact, many don’t have a skeleton at all! rocks. They are able to scrape Although we display some invertebrates in single species the algae from the substrate dedicated tanks (e.g. Chambered Nautilus, Atlantic Sea using a mouth-like feeding Nettles , Giant Japanese Spider crab and Giant Pacific apparatus called Aristotle’s Octopus) the vast majority of invertebrates in our aquariums lantern. The lantern has are less obvious to the casual observer. five separate moving parts. One large group of invertebrates represented in the Another relative of the sea coral reef gallery are the Echinoderms. This descriptive urchin is the sea star. In the name means “spiny skin.” All members of this group past, these animals were 20 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 21

commonly called starfish, but recently aquariums have a specialized mouthpart called a radula does the feeding. started to use the moniker sea star. Since these animals It is like a grater lined with many teeth. The snails in our are not fish, this name is a much more appropriate aquariums feed on algae and other plant material. The description. You can see sea stars of all sizes and colors radula enables them to scrape algae from the rocks and in our exhibits. They range from very tiny with muted aquarium windows. colors, to very large with bright colors and patterns. If you Most of the snails are small with a conical shell. Some, look closely, you can see hundreds of small sea stars in called cowrie shells, have elaborately colored shells that one of the live coral exhibits. are extremely smooth. They can extend their foot to Often, visitors will see sea stars hanging on many completely cover the shell. Another gastropod you might surfaces of the tank. How do they do that? They have a see is called a limpet. This very tiny animal has a low, body feature unique to broad shell, and can pull itself tightly to the surface on Echinoderms called tube which it’s crawling. By clinging tightly, these animals can feet. These small, stalk-like hold on to rocks in even the toughest waves and currents projections are on the oral experienced on the coral reefs. surface (the same side of the On occasion, you might see a small shell walking animal on which the mouth around on legs! These are not snails, but crabs. Crabs is located, in this case, the are Arthropods, which means “jointed foot”. Some crabs, underside). Tube feet have like hermit crabs, actually use suckers on the end, which the shells of other animals as a Above: Sunstar allow the sea stars to adhere home. They carry it around with Below: Purple Sea Star to different surfaces. These them everywhere they go tube feet are also used for because it provides excellent movement and they aid in protection. Most crabs, however, feeding. Most sea stars are have their own external shell for carnivorous scavengers, protection and support. These meaning they consume dead animals, like the Sally Lightfoot animals that they find along crab must molt (shed) their the reef. They can use their exoskeleton in order to grow. tube feet to grab their food, A molting crab is very vulnerable Above: Hermit Crab and bring it into their mouth. because its soft body is exposed Below: Banded Coral Shrimp Some sea stars are even for several hours or days while the strong enough to pry open new, larger exoskeleton hardens. live clams and oysters! Another Arthropod in our Another group of critters that may be hard to recognize aquarium is the shrimp. The are the Porifera, also known as sponges. There are over peppermint shrimp are very 5000 described species of sponges! There are sponges of small and they like to eat small many shapes and colors in our exhibits, including red anemones that live in the coral “finger” sponges and blue “encrusting” sponges. These exhibits. Others, like the coral animals lack internal organs, but have individual cells banded shrimp, are very large that coordinate to move water through the sponge body, with bright red bands of coloration. which is basically like a hollow tube. The animals feed They will actually eat prepared on small particles suspended in the water as it moves food that we put in the tanks for through their bodies. This type of feeding strategy is the fishes! They like to spend called “filter feeding.” At Riverbanks, we provide food for most of their time hiding under sponges, and other filter feeders, by feeding them a a rock ledge, but you can usually see their long, white special food called Microvert. Sometimes we even use a antennae sticking out. turkey baster to squirt the liquid food very close to the Finally, you may be lucky to get a glimpse of an often sponges. We call this feeding technique target feeding; overlooked Arthropod called an amphipod. These tiny, it is a very efficient way to get the food directly to each shrimp-like animals live on the rocks and amongst the animal. Another interesting feature of sponges are their plants of the aquariums. They usually look clear, and regenerative capabilities. Most sponges can be cut move very quickly. Even though these amphipods are into small pieces, and each piece will grow into a small, they play an important role in the delicate balance new individual! in the aquariums. They are constantly moving around, Another group of small invertebrates you may see eating detritus (all the “leftovers”). They also provide a moving around the aquariums are snails. Snails are snack for many of the fish. It’s great exercise for the fish Molluscs, specifically classified as Gastropods. This word to hunt live prey items. means “stomach foot.” Again, we see that this word is I hope this glimpse into the world of some Charismatic very descriptive of the body shape of these animals. They Creatures will encourage you, the visitor, to take a close have an external shell, with a fleshy “foot” that extends look at the coral reef exhibits the next time you are at from the shell opening. This foot is used for locomotion, Riverbanks. There are fascinating things going on all the but it can also extend to engulf food items. In particular, time in the world of aquariums. 21 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 22

Dreamnight at the Zoo

Dreamnight at the Zoo treats disabled and countries. “Signing on to be one of the first American chronically ill children who are patients at Palmetto zoos participating in this international movement was Health Children’s Hospital (PHCH) to an exclusive one of the most significant things Riverbanks has done all-star night at the Zoo. The success of Riverbanks to date,” said Satch Krantz, executive director of Zoo and Garden’s first Dreamnight at the Zoo in June Riverbanks Zoo and Garden. 2005 spurred volunteers and staff to make this year’s “While we’re 100 percent handicapped accessible event even more magical. every day of the year, setting aside a special night like Children who have been treated at Palmetto Health this gives kids who require medical equipment or Children’s Hospital are each given up to five tickets, special accompaniment the chance to experience providing them the opportunity to invite not only the zoo without the crowds. We received so much their parents, but siblings and care givers to join them positive feedback from guests last year, people saying at Dreamnight at the Zoo. In many cases, the patients that this one-of-a-kind event made their child’s year,” are accompanied by the nurses and doctors who said Krantz. “When you’re a zoo dedicated to serving work with them every day. All 800 attendees were children and their families, you can’t ask for more personally invited by physicians and staff at PHCH. than that.” Dreamnight at the Zoo, an international movement, This year, Riverbanks staff chose a Fairy “Tail” is celebrating its 12th anniversary this year. theme for the one-night extravaganza. In addition to Dreamnight was founded in 1996 by the the Zoo’s regular exhibits, guests enjoyed a Fairy Tail Netherlands’ Rotterdam Zoo when it hosted 175 castle complete with court jesters, Celtic dancers, pediatric cancer patients and their families, since then fencing and a Renaissance royal court. Furthermore, Dreamnight has continued to grow. This year, 22 Riverbanks hosted a DJ dance party in Palmetto American zoos are pushing the total number of Plaza, a picnic buffet at Safari Camp, roving costume international Dreamnight zoos to over 110 in over 26 characters including a fairy princess, magicians, free 22 32085 8/8/06 8:29 AM Page 23

screenings of the 3-D movie Wild Safari and a special parent with tears in their eyes, and I was one of goodie bag filled with gifts. Zoo keepers were them. I cannot express my thanks enough. stationed in front of each exhibit to answer questions Oh, just for fun, I just asked Duncan what his about the animals and to talk with kids one on one. favorite thing was at the zoo last night. It was Volunteers gave each child the red carpet treatment the lions. and served in roles ranging from interpreters to door openers throughout the evening. It takes over 180 Riverbanks volunteers working on Dreamnight to ensure the event is magical for everyone who comes through the gates. Merry Cobb, Riverbanks’ Volunteer Coordinator pulled out all the stops and recruited volunteers from five organizations. A special thank you to the following groups: Columbia Classical Ballet Columbia Clemson Club Junior Girl Scout Troop 1135 Riverbanks Zoo & Garden Employees USC Cheerleaders and Cocky Dreamnight A web posting written by Ellen Winburn, mother of Duncan Winburn, age 6 We just experienced Dreamnight at Riverbanks Zoo. It was magical! Duncan had the most wonderful time! We asked him what his favorite thing was. Well, the last thing we did was the 3-D movie. So, he said Dreamnight at the Zoo is always held the first Friday "I have never seen a movie like that, that was my evening in June and staff and volunteers at Riverbanks favorite thing!". are already eagerly planning for 2007. For people So we said "Well what about the carousel?" and he who’d like to help make 2007’s Dreamnight at the said "that was my favorite" Zoo a success by either volunteering their time and and we said "well what about the sea lions" and he services or by making a donation, please call the said "oh, that was my favorite" Zoo at 803.779.8717. For parents who believe their children may qualify and we said "what about the magician" and he said for tickets to Dreamnight 2007, only a child’s doctor "that was my favorite!" or Palmetto Richland Children’s Hospital, and not and we said "and the elephants?" and he said "I like the Zoo, can issue invitations. For more information them, they are my favorite!" about Dreamnight at the Zoo’s international following, and we said "what about the giraffes?" and he said visit www.dreamnightatthezoo.nl. "I didn't want to feed them, but that man found a magic coin in my ear and that was my favorite!" The point is, Duncan has unlimited favorites because he got to do everything he wanted to his heart's content, because for the first time, everything was accessible. Now, we are members of Riverbanks Zoo, and Duncan loves it. But a typical visit only lasts an hour or two, because trying to get him where he can comfortably enjoy seeing over the heads of everyone and my managing to weave through people without clipping anyone in the shins with his wheelchair is a huge and exhausting effort. But last night, it was worry free. Even the usual feat of going to the bathroom was aided by someone holding open the door. There was a smile painted on his face, and the faces of all the children, all night. I saw more than one

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In The Know

By – Ed Diebold, Director of Animal Collections

Employee Spotlight a Caribbean flamingo occurred. No additional hatchings occurred at Hialeah until 1942, when the flock began to Providing excellent guest services is one of Riverbanks’ breed reliably. The birds thrived in the tropical climate highest priorities. Each day a diverse and dedicated team and the protected confines of the track. Their numbers of Riverbanks employees strive to make every guests’ increased rapidly over the years and the flamingos experience memorable. Jaime Barna is one member of quickly became Hialeah’s trademark. Over the years, the Guest Services department who, at a young age, track visitors thrilled to spectacular flights of the brightly already has five years of experience at Riverbanks under colored pink birds around the track’s infield. The current her belt. For Jaime, every day is a new and exciting flock numbers around 800 birds and on occasion eggs experience as she works in a number of different areas produced by the flock are offered to with a wide variety of responsibilities including: selling zoos located in the United States. tickets, running the Endangered Species Carousel, Because flamingos are such popular zoo exhibits, operating the 3-D Theater and handing out giraffe food there is a high demand and zoos interested in acquiring and nectar cups while monitoring our guests’ interaction Hialeah flamingo eggs must put their name on a waiting with these incredible animals. If that isn’t enough, Jaime list that is managed by the Association of Zoos and occasionally helps out as a dive tender (watching the Aquariums (AZA) Ciconiiformes Taxon Advisory Group staff in the Aquarium Reptile Complex as they dive in (TAG). Riverbanks joined the waiting list in 2002 when the various exhibit tanks) and as Receptionist, answering the new Flamingo Beach exhibit opened in association phones and responding to people with various questions with the new Birdhouse at Riverbanks. Our number and comments. came up in 2006 and on June 14-15 bird department Jaime’s parents are Zoo members and when she turned staff went on a road trip to gather 20 flamingo eggs for sixteen, they shared with her a job advertisement that transport back to Columbia in a portable incubator (see they had seen in the Riverbanks Magazine. Jaime Martin Vince’s article). By late August Riverbanks guests decided that the opportunity was too good to pass up will be able to view the growing flamingo chicks in a and applied for a Guest Services position. It was a brooder located in the lower pool of the Flamingo Beach decision that she is very glad that she made. In Jaime’s exhibit, and Riverbanks will join the list of US zoos that words, “I love working at the Zoo. It is so much fun have benefited from Hialeah’s outstanding tradition of working with people and seeing all of the different flamingo stewardship. animals every day. I am currently a senior at the Today, Hialeah enjoys the distinction of being the University of South Carolina where I am majoring in oldest continuously operating turf track in the United Hotel, Restaurant and Tourism Management. Working at States. It spawned the careers of legendary racehorses the Zoo for so long is what made me know that the Citation and Seattle Slew and witnessed the racing hospitality industry was just right for me.” I can tell you brilliance of jockies the likes of Eddie Arcaro and Willie that Jaime has chosen the perfect field of study. Her Schumacher. The track hosts several widely recognized enthusiasm and positive attitude make her an races such as the Flamingo, Widener, and Turf Cup. outstanding asset to Riverbanks, and the wonderful Hialeah was listed on the National Register of Historic hospitality that she extends to our guests helps to ensure Places in 1979 and in 1988 the facility was deemed that their experience at Riverbanks is a good one. eligible for designation as a National Historic Landmark Thank you, Jaime, for all that you do! by the Secretary of the Interior. Hialeah’s outstanding success with flamingo breeding over the years has led to What do Horse Racing and Flamingos the track being officially designated a flamingo sanctuary Have in Common? by the Audubon Society. Answer: The Hialeah Racetrack near Miami, Florida. ● ● ● ALL NEW ● ● ● James Bright founded Hialeah in 1925 and the Miami Jockey Club was established shortly thereafter. In 1930 In this edition of In the Know, I’d like to introduce you Joseph Widener purchased the track. He spent to a new feature that we hope you will enjoy. Keeping $2,000,000 (a huge sum at the time) to improve upon thorough and accurate records about the activities of the the facilities including the creation of the country's first Riverbanks animal collection is critical to providing the natural turf racetrack. Widener invested heavily in lush best possible animal husbandry and veterinary care landscaping by planting hundreds of royal palms and programs. Daily reports are the mechanism by which coconut trees, but perhaps his most insightful our animal keepers record their observations about the improvement was the creation of a large lake within the animals in their care. Keeping Up With the Keepers will track infield. In 1934, Widener imported from Cuba a provide the reader a glimpse at some of the actual flock of Caribbean flamingos to inhabit the lake and notations made by Riverbanks keepers on their gardens. In 1937, the first successful captive hatching of daily reports. 24 32085 8/8/06 8:30 AM Page 25

Keeping Up With the Keepers Hospital June 2006 ● Skunk doing well. Diet increased per Dr. Moore. Diet Aquarium fed is now 68 grams of frozen mixed veggies 2x/day ● Longlure frogfish (Antennarius multiocellatus); laid egg along with the diet from the Commissary. Frozen raft in R11 tank veggies include: peas, carrots, green beans, yellow ● Pajama Cardinalfish in CR3 is mouth brooding squash, corn and okra. Still eating well, except he Herpetology doesn’t eat the fresh green beans. Still a little “bitey.” ● Gunther’s leaf-tailed gecko laid 2 eggs BB&T Raptor Clinic ● Jeweled lacerta were seen copulatring in the am ● Red-shouldered hawk doing well, ate overnight on ● One King Cobra shipped to the Audubon Zoo his own. Radiographed and drew blood in am; meds Bird Department given as directed; noticeable improvement in left eye. ● Carmine bee eaters still working in tunnels in Aviary #54. They are very occupied with the process. A White Alligator? ● Continued with Gentoo scale training. Went very well! Had over half of the Gentoo's fully stepping on the scale and receiving fish. Mammals ● Red-necked wallaby joey was out of the pouch walking around near his mother in the front, shaded corner of the exhibit. The joey is still hairless but is less pink in appearance as if hair is beginning to grow. ● Elephants (Penny, Belle & Tumpe) routine blood draw was collected and turned into the hospital; first of the month full chemistry panel. ● Tree Kangaroo Mambawe harassing Patch in am. Neither were interested in food, they were too interested in On your next visit to Riverbanks, you will have the each other. chance to see a rare white alligator. The following Hospital information from Curator of Herpetology, Scott Pfaff, ● Toucan procedure. Workup with radiograph gives you an idea of what to expect. and bloodwork “The white alligator is not an albino but actually ● Kookaburras seem to be doing well, ate most of diet leucistic. Albinos lack skin pigment and often appear overnight and throughout day. pink. Leucistic animals have a color which is white. BB&T Raptor Clinic Albino alligators, since they lack skin pigments, are very ● American Kestrel (weight 80 grams) brought in after sensitive to the sun and burn easily preventing them seen not flying well and being attacked by other birds. from thermoregulating, e.g. basking, as normal alligators Very young. Assist fed the bird a mouse (skinned). do. The leucistic alligator does not have that problem Did well in early am. Would not assist feed in and can bask in full sunlight with all the beneficial mid-day; force fed mouse. effects that come along with that. The white alligator is July 2006 currently 27 inches long and is three years old and a Aquarium male, capable of attaining lengths of 14 feet and could ● Golden Butterfly in CR1 is harassing tankmates; placed weigh as much as 1,000 pounds. Female alligators in a basket while on exhibit. usually grow no larger than 7-8 feet. ● Longspine Squirrelfish, Atlantic Spadefish and Blackbar Leucistic alligators are not seen in the wild because Soldierfish moved from R3 to CR10. All were placed they lack the protective camouflage coloration that in baskets and will be released into the exhibit in 2 days. normally colored juvenile alligators possess. White Herpetology alligators would stand out like a sore thumb and ● Eastern milksnakes hatched. hatchlings would be quickly eliminated by predators Bird Department such as herons and egrets. The leucistic alligator, and his ● Medicated a Toco toucan and a Fairy bluebird as directed. four normally colored exhibit mates, have adjusted well ● Troupial chick is doing great in BC7. Eats well and to being on display. The ARC staff are currently training perches on low perch behind palm tree. the alligators to respond to commands much like those ● Caribbean flamingo egg #7 hatched today. that would be used for dogs including come, stay and go Mammals as well as name recognition. All crocodilians are ● Siamangs, Diana Monkeys and Spider Monkeys, relatively intelligent reptiles and respond quickly to baboons and hyenas received ice blocks in the pm. training The white alligator is now on display in the ● Started tactile introductions between ring-tailed lemur Aquarium Reptile Complex – Tropical Habitat. (Maude) and ring-tailed lemurs (Leo, Paikea, Martha, Check it out on your next visit to Riverbanks.” Maddie). Everything went smoothly and introduction lasted 25 minutes. Until the next time ... 25 32085 8/8/06 8:30 AM Page 26

Riverbanks Fall Bulb Sale

Saturday, November 11, 9am to 2pm Botanical Garden Visitors Center On the Terrace

DAFFODILS Check out this special selection of daffodils. These are some of our top choices – great for the Brighten up your garden with South Carolina climate! 10 bulbs/bag Riverbanks’ finest selection of spring bulbs! Complete and Narcissus ‘Pink Charm’-Large-cupped daffodil. Ivory white petals with a return the order form today, lovely pink colored cup. (midseason, and you’ll have first choice on 14-16”) $7.00 these premium bulbs. Shipping costs are an additional 10% of the total order or a Narcissus ‘Ice Follies’-White with a minimum charge of $5 and a yellow, flat-fringed cup. A classic. (midseason, 18”) $5.00 maximum of $25, but you can save money, packaging and time by planning to pick up your advance order on Narcissus ‘Dickcissel’-Jonquil type the day of the sale. with yellow petals and a white cup. Has 2-3 flowers on each stem. Your order will be ready (early midseason bloom, 16-18”) $5.00 and waiting for you! Of course, there will also be bulbs available on the day of Narcissus ‘Serola’-Bright yellow with the sale if you prefer to do your orange-red cup. shopping in person. (midseason, 16-18”) $7.00 For more information, contact Melodie Leach at 803.779.8717 x1129 or [email protected] Narcissus ‘Erlicheer’- Beautiful clusters of 6-8 small, double flowers per stem. Flowers are white with creamy-yellow centers. (early bloom, 16”) $7.00

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Narcissus ‘White Lion’-Beautiful Tulipa ‘Pink Impression’ double flowered variety. Creamy-white Large, creamy pink blooms. mixed with yellow in the center. (midseason, 20-22”) $5.00 (late, 14-16”) $5.00

SPECIES TULIPS Narcissus ‘Dutch Master’ Large, golden-yellow trumpets. Perennial tulips? Yes, it's true! These varieties will bring Nice old-fashioned style daffodil. joy to your garden for years to come. 20 bulbs/bag (midseason, 18”) $5.00 Tulipa ‘Lady Jane’ - Petals are red with a white edge. Flower opens to a white interior. One of last years’ best sellers! (8-10") $8.00

Narcissus ‘Barrett Browning’-Pure white petals with a reddish-orange cup. An old favorite making a return from our very first bulb sale. Tulipa clusiana ‘Cynthia’ - Mid-season (midseason, 14-16”) $5.00 bloom. Red, exterior petals with chartreuse edges and a purple base. (8-10") $5.00

TULIPS Even though these selections are annuals in the South, tulips are a sure sign that Spring is on its way. These varieties are sure to brighten up your garden. 10 bulbs/bag Tulipa clusiana var. chrysantha Red exterior with a contrasting bright Tulipa ‘Monsella’-Giant double blooms yellow interior. (8-10") $5.00 of yellow with red streaking. For those who want to be bold (or gaudy). (mid-late bloom, 12-16") $5.00

Tulipa saxatilis ‘Lilac Wonder’ Formerly named Tulipa bakeri ‘Lilac Wonder’. The blooms are Tulipa ‘Toronto’-Salmon pink flower lilac with a yellow base. (6") $5.00 with yellow interior. (midseason, 12-14”) $5.00

MISCELLANEOUS BULBS A choice selection of some of our favorites at Riverbanks.

Tulipa ‘West Point’-Golden yellow lily Scilla peruviana - Blooms in spring flowered tulip. Long lasting flowers. with a baseball-sized, 18” tall flower, (mid-late bloom, 20-24”) $6.00 which is a beautiful blue. Space 12” apart. 3 bulbs/bag – $10.00

Tulipa ‘White Emperor’ Allium hollandicum ‘Purple Sensation’ Large, pure white blooms. Baseball-sized globe filled with (early, 14-18”) $5.00 amethyst-violet flowers. Looks great in containers or in the ground. (24”) 5 bulbs/bag – $4.00

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Allium schubertii - Vollyball-sized Gladiolus communis ssp. byzantinus- globe which has rose/purple flower. Small purple flowers adorn 2-3’ foot Makes a great dried flower. Try spray stalks in Spring. An old timey glad that painting them for decoration! (12”) is seen around old homesites. 3 bulbs/bag – $4.00 10 bulbs/bag – $6.00

Crocus tommasinianus - Lilac flowers Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Gipsy Queen’ with white hearts. Squirrel resistant! Large salmon colored flowers. (6”) 20 bulbs/bag – $4.00 Extremely fragrant. (midseason, 10”) 10 bulbs/bag – $6.00

Anemone coronaria ‘Hollandia’ - Red flower atop ferny foliage on a 10” plant. Plant in fall after soaking Hyacinthus orientalis ‘City of overnight. 10 bulbs/bag – $3.00 Haarlem’-Large primrose yellow flowers that fade to ivory. Extremely fragrant. (midseason, 10”) 10 bulbs/bag – $6.00

Anemone coronaria ‘Sylphide’ – Violet-rose flower atop ferny foliage on a 10” plant. Plant in fall after CRINUMS soaking overnight. 10 bulbs/bag – $3.00 An old-time treasure in the Southern garden. One of the most durable and reliable bulbs you’ll ever find. Crinums are in limited availability. Order early! 1 bulb/bag Leucojum aestivum - Pendulous white flowers in mid-spring. Great for Crinum ‘Ellen Bosanquet’- This two naturalizing or planting en masse. foot tall plant flowers in June and Will take light shade. continues through the summer. (15”) 5 bulbs/bag – $4.00 Red flowers. One of the best. $20.00

Sparaxis sp. (mix)-Known as the Harlequin Flower. Sword shaped leaves with star shaped flowers are red, Crinum ‘Mystery’- smaller, tighter orange, white, copper and purple in form than most typical Crinum. late spring. Plant as late in the year as Offsets at a rapid rate. Needs ample possible for best results, as Sparaxis moisture for best flowering. can be damaged by extreme cold. Pink blossoms in summer. $20.00 Treat as an annual. (10-14”) 20 bulbs/bag – $4.00

Arum italicum-Green and white variegated foliage in winter, followed Crinum bulbispermum by a flower and cluster of red berries Flowers in early spring and early fall. borne on a single stalk. Great for Bluish foliage to two feet in height. shade! 10 bulbs/bag – $8.00 Flowers range from pink to red with white mixed in. $20.00

Triteleia laxa ‘Queen Fabiola’-blue bell-like flowers appear in late spring. Needs good summer drainage. Great cut flowers. (18-24”) 20 bulbs/bag – $4.00

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# Bulbs per bag Price per bag # Bags Total DAFFODILS Narcissus ‘Pink Charm’ 10 7.00 Narcissus ‘Ice Follies’ 10 5.00 Narcissus ‘Dickcissel’ 10 5.00 Narcissus ‘Serola’ 10 7.00 Narcissus ‘Erlicheer’ 10 7.00 Narcissus ‘White Lion’ 10 5.00 Narcissus ‘Dutch Master’ 10 5.00 Narcissus ‘Barrett Browning’ 10 5.00 TULIPS Tulipa ‘Monsella’ 10 5.00 Tulipa ‘Toronto’ 10 5.00 VEMBER 11, 2006 Tulipa ‘West Point’ 10 6.00 Tulipa ‘White Emperor’ 10 5.00 Tulipa ‘Pink Impression’ 10 5.00 SPECIES TULIPS Tulipa ‘Lady Jane’ 20 8.00 Tulipa clusiana ‘Cynthia’ 20 5.00 Tulipa clusiana var. chrysantha 20 5.00 Tulipa saxatilis ‘Lilac Wonder’ 20 5.00 MISCELLANEOUS BULBS Scilla peruviana 3 10.00 Allium hollandicum ‘Purple Sensation’ 5 4.00 Allium schubertii 3 4.00 Crocus tommasinianus 20 4.00 Anemone coronaria ‘Hollandia’ 10 3.00 Anemone coronaria ‘Sylphide’ 10 3.00 ALL BULB SALE – NO Leucojum aestivum 5 4.00 Sparaxis sp. (mix) 20 4.00 Arum italicum 10 8.00 Triteleia laxa ‘Queen Fabiola’ 20 4.00 Gladiolus communis ssp. byzantinus 10 6.00

ANKS F Hyacinthus orientalis ‘Gipsy Queen’ 10 6.00 Hyacinthus orientalis ‘City of Haarlem’ 10 6.00 CRINUMS Crinum ‘Ellen Bosanquet’ 1 20.00 Crinum ‘Mystery’ 1 20.00

RIVERB Crinum bulbispermum 1 20.00 (State sales tax is included in price of bulbs) Shipping $5 Minimum or 10% of order Bulb Order Total May we substitute similar bulbs if necessary? Yes_____ No_____ Shipping Orders accepted up to October 31, 2006 ORDER TOTAL Name:______Shipping Address:______Pick up Nov 11 ❏ Pick up Nov 16 ❏ City:______State:_____Zip:______Daytime Telephone Number:______Pick up Nov 17 ❏ Have order shipped ❏ Method of Payment: (Payment is due with order) Cash ❏ Check ❏ MC ❏ VISA ❏ AMEX ❏ Discover ❏ Card Number:______Expiration Date:______Name On Card:______Signature:______(please print) Check(s) payable to: Riverbanks Zoo & Garden Mail to: Riverbanks Bulb Sale, PO Box 1060, Columbia, SC 29202-1060

ORDER FORM – Questions: 803.779.8717 x1129 email - [email protected] or visit www.riverbanks.org 29 32085 8/8/06 8:30 AM Page C4

HALLOWEEN SPOOKTACULAR

For 10 wild nights in October... things get a little spooky at Riverbanks’ BOO AT THE ZOO. October 13–15, 20–22 & 27–30 6 – 9pm

Trick-or-Treat Trail ◆ Hobgoblin Express* Haunted Mine Ride in 3-D* ◆ Eeky- Freaky Dance Party Magician ◆ Creepy Creature Encounters ◆ Bat Cave Haunted Carousel* ◆ The Vortex Spinning Light Tunnel ◆ Nightly Costume Party ◆ Batz-n-Bonz Castle Endangered Species Graveyard and Much much more!

$5 members, $7 general public – Prizes and Treats for kids ages 3–12 * Attractions marked require an additional charge Advance Tickets are available at the main gate or visit www.riverbanks.org

Riverbanks society Non-Profit Org. P.O. Box 1060 U.S. Postage Columbia, SC 29202-1060 PAID Columbia, S.C. Riverbanks Permit No. 90 ZOOfari A Journey Through Africa Page 16