CONTENTS Host Chapter ...... xii Program Committee and Transactions Staff ...... xii Inaugural Address by Harley W. Goodman, Jr., 1999-2000 ASHRAE President ...... xiii Technical Program Abstracts ...... xv

TECHNICAL PAPERS

4318 (RP-890)Development of the Design Climatic Data for the 1997 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals Donald G. Colliver, Richard S. Gates, Thomas F. Burks, and Hanzhong Zhang ...... 3

4319 Environmental Design Using Dynamic Insulation Bruce J. Taylor and Mohammed S. Imbabi ...... 15

4320 Implementation of Comfort-Based Air-Handling Unit Control Algorithms Wai L. Tse and Albert T.P. So...... 29

4321 Indices of Developed from Field Survey in Brazil Antonio Augusto de Paula Xavier and Roberto Lamberts...... 45

4322 Space Suit Thermal Dynamics Anthony B. Campbell, Satish S. Nair, John B. Miles, John V. Iovine, and Chin H. Lin...... 59

4323 Comparison of Binary Mixture Heat and Mass Transfer Analysis with Single-Component Heat  and Mass Transfer Analysis in the Design of GAX Absorber/Desorber Jiming Cao and Richard N. Christensen ...... 72

4324 Optimal Design of Liquid Desiccant Cooling Systems Sanjeev Jain, P.L. Dhar, and S.C. Kaushik...... 79

4325 Parametric Analysis of Variables That Affect the Performance of a Desiccant Dehumidification System Edward A. Vineyard, James R. Sand, and David J. Durfee ...... 87

4326 Performance Characteristics of a Commercially Available Gas-Fired Desiccant System Ali A. Jalalzadeh-Azar, W. Glenn Steele, and B.K. Hodge...... 95

4327 Second Law Analysis of Multi-Stage Lithium Bromide/Water Absorption Heat Transformers Shun-Fu Lee and S.A. Sherif...... 105

4328 A Method for Measuring Slurry Particle Agglomeration in Storage Tanks Kanetoshi Hayashi and Ken Kasza ...... 117

4329 A Simplified Procedure for HVAC Sizing Yaw Asiedu, Robert W. Besant, and Peihua Gu ...... 124

4330 An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Hydrophobicity on the Rate of Frost  Growth in Laminar Channel Flows Joshua M. Dyer, Brian D. Storey, John L. Hoke, Anthony M. Jacobi, and John G. Georgiadis ..... 143

4331 (RP-892)ASHRAE’s New Heat Recovery Application Guide Chad B. Dorgan and Charles E. Dorgan ...... 152

4332 (RP-962)Automated Generation of Hourly Design Sequences David D. Schmitt, Sanford A. Klein, and Douglas T. Reindl ...... 158 4333 Comprehensive Evaluation of Radiant Cooling System Integrated with Ice Storage System Yukio Nakano, Toshiyuki Miyanaga, and Tatsuo Oka ...... 169

4334 (RP-759)Duct Cleaning: A Review of Associated Health Effects and Results of Company and Expert Surveys Lisa M. Brosseau, Donald Vesley, Thomas H. Kuehn, Josh Melson, and Hee Siew Han...... 180

4335 (RP-759)Methods and Criteria for Cleaning Contaminated Ducts and Air-Handling Equipment Lisa M. Brosseau, Donald Vesley, Thomas H. Kuehn, Josh Melson, and Hee Siew Han...... 188

4336 (RP-859)Evaluating the Accuracy of PUREZ in Predicting Unitary Equipment Performance Jason T. LeRoy, Eckhard A. Groll, and James E. Braun ...... 200

4337 (RP-945)Evaluation of Design Ventilation Requirements for Enclosed Parking Facilities Arselene Ayari and Moncef Krarti ...... 216

4338 (RP-945)Field Evaluation of Ventilation System Performance in Enclosed Parking Garages Arselene M. Ayari, Dick A. Grot, and Moncef Krarti...... 228

4339 (RP-864)Experimental Water Vapor Permeability Results for Common Wall Materials Jerry M. Sipes and Mohammad H. Hosni ...... 238

4340 Implementation of a Near-Optimal Global Set Point Control Method in a DDC Controller Mark A. Cascia...... 249

4341 (RP-993)Improved Fluids for Naturally Stratified Storage Systems William E. Stewart...... 264

4342 (RP-928)Measurement of Solubility, Viscosity, and Density of R-410A /Lubricant Mixtures Richard C. Cavestri and William R. Schafer ...... 277

4343 Part-Load Performance of Energy Wheels: Part I—Wheel Speed Control Carey J. Simonson, Wei Shang, and Robert W. Besant...... 286

4344 Part-Load Performance of Energy Wheels: Part II—Bypass Control and Correlations Carey J. Simonson, Wei Shang, and Robert W. Besant...... 301

4345 Performance Evaluation of Floor Thermal Storage System Koichiro Shinkai, Atsushi Kasuya, and Masahiro Kato ...... 311

4346 The Effects of Improved Residential Filtration on Airborne Particles Don Fugler, Dara Bowser, and William Kwan...... 317

4347 Thermoeconomic Analysis of a CHP System by Iterative Numerical Techniques Prakash R. Damshala ...... 327

4348 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Condensation of R-410A in a Rectangular Channel Zhongyu Guo and N.K. Anand...... 338

4349 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Development of Low-Cost Wheat-Straw Insulation Board L.K. Norford, L.R. Glicksman, H.S. Harvey Jr., and J.A. Charlson ...... 339

4350 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Effect of Nucleation Agents on the Freezing Probability of Supercooled Water Inside Capsules Sih-Li Chen and Chin-Lung Chen ...... 340 4351 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Empirically Derived Predicators of Natural Gas Flame Lengths in Circular Tubes Daniel K. Harris, Donald Warren, William F. Raleigh, and Victor W. Goldschmidt...... 341 4352 (RP-888) (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Evaluation of Semi-Analytical/Empirical Freezing Time Estimation Methods,  Part I: Regularly Shaped Food Items Bryan R. Becker and Brian A. Fricke...... 342 4353 (RP-888) (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Evaluation of Semi-Analytical/Empirical Freezing Time Estimation Methods,  Part II: Irregularly Shaped Food Items Bryan R. Becker and Brian A. Fricke...... 343 4354 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Fungal Defacement in Buildings: A Performance Related Approach H.L.S.C. Hens...... 344 4355 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Law-Based Sensor Fault Diagnosis and Validation for Building Air-Conditioning Systems Shengwei Wang and Jin-Bo Wang...... 345 4356 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Measurements of VOC Adsorption/Desorption Characteristics of Typical Interior Building Materials Y. An, J.S. Zhang, and C.Y. Shaw ...... 346 4357 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Modeling Partial Charging and Discharging of Area-Constrained Ice Storage Tanks Jonathan West and James E. Braun...... 347 4358 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) On the Relationship between the Radiant Time Series and Transfer Function  Methods for Design Calculations Jeffrey D. Spitler and Daniel E. Fisher ...... 348 4359 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Simulation of Performance by Artificial Neural Networks Gerardo Díaz, Mihir Sen, K.T. Yang, and Rodney L. McClain ...... 349 4360 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Thermal Conductivity of Cementitious Grouts and Impact on  Heat Exchanger Length Design for Ground Source Heat Pumps Marita L. Allan and Steve P. Kavanaugh...... 350

4361 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Densities of RE-143a (CF3OCH3)/ RE-218 (CF3OCF2CF3)  Mixtures as R-12 or R-22 Alternatives Ismail Kul, Darryl D. Desmarteau, and Adolph L. Beyerlein ...... 351 4362 (International Journal of Heating, Ventilating, Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Research) Effect of Heating Boundary Conditions on Pool Boiling Experiments J. Darabi, M.M. Ohadi, M.A. Fanni, S.V. Dessiatoun, and M.A. Kedzierski ...... 358 4363 Pressure Drops in T-Junctions—A Comparison Jörgen B. Eriksson and Tor-Göran Malmström ...... 359 4364 Development of an In-Situ System and Analysis Procedure for Measuring Ground Thermal Properties Warren A. Austin, III, Cenk Yavuzturk, and Jeffrey D. Spitler ...... 365 4365 A Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Groundwater Flow on Closed-Loop  Ground-Source Systems Andrew D. Chiasson, Simon J. Rees, and Jeffrey D. Spitler ...... 380

SYMPOSIUM PAPERS

DA-00-1 Ground-Source Heat Pump Design and Maintenance Issues Update on Maintenance and Service Costs of Commercial Building Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems Douglas Cane and Jeremy M. Garnet ...... 399 Comparing Maintenance Costs of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems with Other HVAC Systems:  Preventive Maintenance Actions and Total Maintenance Costs Michaela A. Martin, Melissa G. Madgett, and Patrick J. Hughes ...... 408 The Importance of Grouting to Enhance the Performance of Earth Energy Systems Frank J. Lenarduzzi, Chris B.H. Cragg, and H.S. Radhakrishna ...... 424

DA-00-2 Miniaturized Heat Exchangers for Application in the HVAC&R Industry

Flow Boiling of CO2 in Microchannels Yuan Zhao, Majid Molki, Michael M. Ohadi, and S.V. Dessiatoun...... 437 Evaporative in Mesoscale Heat Exchangers Sunil S. Mehendale and Anthony M. Jacobi ...... 446 Microchannel Components for Absorption Space-Conditioning Systems Srinivas Garimella...... 453

DA-00-3 Numerical Simulation and Modeling of Hybrid Heating and Cooling Systems A Coupled Airflow and Energy Simulation Program for Indoor Thermal Environmental Studies Jelena Srebric, Qingyan Chen, and Leon R. Glicksman...... 465 Direct Calculation of Mean Radiant Temperature Using Radiant Intensities Jeanne M. Palmer and Kirby S. Chapman...... 477 Simplified Method of Estimating Efficiency of Radiant and Convective Heating Systems Haruo Hanibuchi and Shuichi Hokoi ...... 487 Church Heating: Numerical Modeling and Comparison Between  Radiant and Forced Systems Savvas A. Tassou, Weizhong Xiang, and Maria Kolokotroni...... 495 Impact of Heating Systems and Wall Surface Temperatures on Room Operative Temperature Fields Kirby S. Chapman, Jamie Rutler, and Richard D. Watson ...... 506

DA-00-4 Refrigerant Expansion Devices Diabatic Flow Instabilities in Capillary Tube-Suction Line Heat Exchangers Yi Liu and Clark W. Bullard ...... 517 Control and Optimization Issues Associated with Algorithm-Controlled Refrigerant Throttling Devices Donal P. Finn and Cormac J. Doyle...... 524 Critical Flow of Through Adiabatic Capillary Tubes:  Experimental Study of Zeotropic Mixtures R-407c and R-404a Samuel Yana Motta, Sergio Leal Braga, and José Alberto R. Parise...... 534 DA-00-5 Window Annual Energy Performance and Comfort The Impact of Glazing Selection on Residential Duct Design and Comfort Wendy A. Hawthorne and Susan Reilly...... 553 A Database of Window Annual Energy Use in Typical North American Single-Family Houses Dariush K. Arasteh, Joe Huang, Robin D. Mitchell, Robert Clear, and Christian Kohler...... 562 An Assessment of Interlaboratory Reproducibility in Fenestration Energy Ratings Daniel J. Wise and Bipin V. Shah...... 575 Window Performance for Human Thermal Comfort Peter R. Lyons, Dariush Arasteh, and Charlie Huizenga ...... 594

DA-00-6 Smoke Management Design for Atria Smoke Movement for Sprinklered Fires Gary D. Lougheed, Cam McCartney, and Bruce C. Taber...... 605 New Developments In Atrium Smoke Management John H. Klote...... 620 Evaluating the Early Development of Smoke Hazard from Fires in Large Spaces James A. Milke ...... 627 Evaluating Smoke Management in a Large Volume Space David M. Elovitz...... 637

DA-00-7 Current Aspects for Distributed Generation Technology Distributed Electrical Generation Technologies and Methods for Their Economic Assessment Jan F. Kreider and Peter S. Curtiss...... 645 Control Requirements for CoGen and MicroGen Plants in a Deregulated Electricity Industry Gideon Shavit...... 655 Control of Distributed Electrical Generation Systems Peter S. Curtiss ...... 661 Microturbine Cogeneration Robert J. Brandon and Chris W. Snoek ...... 669

DA-00-8 Radiant Heating and Cooling Design of Panel Heating and Cooling Systems Jürgen Bohle and Herbert Klan ...... 677 Heat Exchange Coefficient Between Floor Surface and Space by Floor Cooling— Theory or a Question of Definition Bjarne W. Olesen, Eric Michel, Frederic Bonnefoi, and Michele De Carli ...... 684 Using Radiant Cooled Floors to Condition Large Spaces and Maintain Comfort Conditions Peter Simmonds, Stefan Holst, Stephanie Reuss, and Wayne Gaw ...... 695 Computer Simulation of Hydronic Heating/Cooling System with Embedded Pipes Gerd Hauser, Christoph Kempkes, and Bjarne W. Olesen ...... 702 DA-00-9 Airtightness, Ventilation, Indoor Climate, and Energy Performance of Small Commercial Buildings Measured Airtightness of an Installed Skylight C.Y. Shaw, R.J. Magee, and G.F. Poirier ...... 713 Monitoring for Ventilation and Airtightness David W. Bearg...... 719 Infiltration, Natural Ventilation, and HVAC Performance in the Intelligent Workplace Ardeshir Mahdavi, Robert J. Ries, and Dongwoo Cho ...... 728

DA-00-10 Properties Update A Fundmental Equation for the Calculation of the Thermodynamic Properties of Trifluoromethane (R-23) Steven G. Penoncello, Zhengjun Shan, and Richard T. Jacobsen...... 739 A Generalized Model for Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Trifluoromethane (R-23) Zhengjun Shan, Steven G. Penoncello, and Richard T. Jacobsen...... 757 Vapor-Liquid Equilibria for an R-134a/Lubricant Mixture: Measurements and Equation-of-State Modeling Marcia L. Huber, Cynthia D. Holcomb, Stephanie L. Outcalt, and J. Richard Elliott...... 768

Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium and Densities of RE-134a (CF3OCH3)/RE-218 (CF3OCF2CF3)  Mixtures as R-12 or R-22 Alternatives Ismail Kul, Adolph L. Beyerlein, and Darryl D. DesMarteau (See Technical Paper 4361, p. 351)

DA-00-11 Advances in Thermal and Fluid Flow Characteristics of HVAC and Processes Effects of Oil on Boiling of Replacement Refrigerants Flowing Normal to a Tube Bundle—Part I: R-123 Robert A. Tatara and Parviz Payvar ...... 777 Effects of Oil on Boiling of Replacement Refrigerants Flowing Normal to a Tube Bundle—Part II: R-134a Robert A. Tatara and Parviz Payvar ...... 786 Two-Phase Frictional Characteristics of R-410A and Air-Water in a 5 mm Smooth Tube Yu-Juei Chang, Shi-Kuo Chiang, Tsair-Wang Chung, and Chi-Chuan Wang ...... 792 Effect of Heating Boundary Conditions on Pool Boiling Experiments J. Darabi, M.M. Ohadi, M.A. Fanni, S.V. Dessiatoun, and M.A. Kedzierski (See Technical Paper 4362, p. 358) Pressure Drops in T-Junctions—A Comparison Jörgen B. Eriksson and Tor-Göran Malmström (See Technical Paper 4363, p. 359)

DA-00-12 Building Mass Thermal Storage Simplified Analysis of Building Thermal Storage Effects Jean J. Lebrun and Pierre J. Nusgens...... 801 Comparative Performance of U.K. Fabric Energy Storage Systems George D. Braham...... 811 Thermal Storage Case Study: Combined Building Mass and Cooling Pond David Arnold ...... 819 DA-00-13 Toward Optimum Sizing of Heat Exchangers for Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems A Comparison of Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger Design Software for Commercial Applications John A. Shonder, Van D. Baxter, Patrick J. Hughes, and Jeff W. Thornton...... 831 Development of an In-Situ System and Analysis Procedure for Measuring Ground Thermal Properties Warren A. Austin, III, Cenk Yavuzturk, and Jeffrey D. Spitler (See Technical Paper 4364, p. 365) Field Test of a New Method for Determining Soil Formation  Thermal Conductivity and Borehole Resistance John A. Shonder and James V. Beck...... 843 Field Tests for Ground Thermal Properties—Methods and Impact on Ground-Source Heat Pump Design Stephen P. Kavanaugh...... 851 A Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of Groundwater Flow on  Closed-Loop Ground-Source Heat Pump Systems Andrew D. Chiasson, Simon J. Rees, and Jeffrey D. Spitler (See Technical Paper 4365, p. 380)

DA-00-14 Ventilation Design for Animal Research Facilities Using Static Microisolators Ventilation Design in Animal Research Facilities Using Static Microisolators Farhad Memarzadeh and Gerald L. Riskowski ...... 859 Investigation of Static Microisolators in Wind Tunnel Tests and Validation of CFD Cage Model Gerald L. Riskowski and Farhad Memarzadeh ...... 867 Analysis of Air Supply Type and Exhaust Location in Laboratory Animal Research Facilities Using CFD Andrew Manning, Farhad Memarzadeh, and Gerald L. Riskowski ...... 877

Index of Technical and Symposium Papers, Volume 106, Part 1 ...... 885

Society Business will be published in Part 2 of ASHRAE Transactions, Volume 106.